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practice
CONTENT AREA: PROGRAMMING + ANALYSIS
CONTENT
CODES + REGULATIONS
ArchitecturalAREA:
Programming
Vocabulary:
Government + Regulatory Requirements + Permit Process
¥ Programming Statement: states the problem. no solution or strategy given
¥ Design Concept: gives a physical/design solution for a problem
Vocabulary:
¥ Functional Program: owner provided data for analysis/creation of a Facilities Program
¥ Zoning: uniform standards of construction originating in NYC in 1916 to protect the health,
¥ Facilities Program: Program that considers scope, area minimums and adjacencies,
welfare and safety of people. Regulates the use of land, light, air, and open space while
ballpark costs and site analysis
protecting property values and protecting against nuisances (factories in residential areas),
undesirable businesses (porn shops by schools) and dangers (hazardous chemicals in
Facts/Rules:
public areas).
¥ Programming is comprised of four components:
¥ Incentive Zoning: encourages private developers to provide amenities for public use in
¥ Function: the objectives and needs (what it should do)
exchange for opportunity to build larger or taller structures on a site.
¥ Form: site, structure, existing components
¥ Nonconforming Use: building is no longer permitted by the zoning ordinance. Typically
¥ Economy: budget to build and to maintain/operate
allowed to stay unless it’s unsafe.
¥ Time: the schedule needed to complete the work
¥ Conditional Use: a building that is permitted in an area that it is not zoned for, to beneÞt
the public (e.g.: an elementary school in a residential neighborhood)
Concepts/Goals:
¥ Variance: applied for by an owner on a private site to ask to deviate from an ordinance in
¥ Programming Þnds the problems, parts, and data. Design solves the problem.
order to avoid hardship.
¥¥ Clarify the owner’s concerns early in order to prevent major changes in the design process
Spot Zoning: a change in the zoning ordinance for a particular area
avoid too much/not
enough
¥ or
Ordinance:
a municipal
law space later. This also gets everyone on the same page, so
thereÕs
less
conßict.
¥ Setbacks: required open space measured between property line and face of building.
¥ Address current issues, but also be conscious of future growth and changes that may take
Used to preserve light, air, and spaciousness
afterLine:
the project
(how principally
would the owner
add planned
on/remodel?)
¥ place
Building
utilizedisbycomplete
communities
to achieve
street patterns. They
help insure that buildings will not be erected in the bed of projected streets or of potential
Processes:
street widenings.
¥¥ Programming
Process
Easements: legal
right of government or another land owner to use one’s property for a
¥
Establish
speciÞc purpose Goals: What are the owner’s goals for the project
¥ Gather
Data:Prevents
organizedevelopment
all site, context,
codes,
¥ Scenic
Easement:
that users/occupancy,
upsets somethingequipment,
scenic to the
public
budget,
expenses,
project
speciÞc
information
¥ Prescriptive Code: Building code that speciÞes techniques, materials and methods to be
Find
Relationships:
things goby
together,
what issues will be critical during the
used. ¥Cut
and
dry and simpleWhat
to administer
the ofÞcial
design
process
¥ Performance Code: Building code that describes functional requirements, but leave
¥ Establish
most
function, second most, third….based on use
method
to achievePriorities:
decisions up
to important
the designer.
and
budget
(eg:
what’s
more
importanta fancy
lobby,
orpassage
equipment
in theStated
lab?) in
¥ Fire resistance values for how long a separation
can resist
the
of Þre.
¥
Problem:
What needs
be use
answered
in the design.
terms ofState
hoursthe
and
can be increased
withtothe
of sprinklers.
(eg: walls, doors,
windows, ßoors, etc.)
Interpreting
Existing
Site/Environmental
and Data
¥ Flame Spread
Rating/Smoke
DevelopedConditions
Ratings measures
the amount of ßame and
smoke a material generates. (e.g. Carpet, fabrics, etc)
¥ Area of Refuge: a location designed to hold occupants when evacuation is not safe or
Vocabulary:
Has
a steady
supply oftrade,
outside
passive
Þre protection,
integrity/
¥ possible.
Catchment
Areas
aka market,
or air,
tributary
area:
geographicelectrical
area from
which the
emergency
two way
to 24with
hr manned,
or outside line
participants lighting,
in an activity
are communication/call
drawn. It grows andbox
shrinks
the activity.
¥ Residential Catchment Areas: determined by local transit systems.
¥ Proctor Compaction Test: Geotechnical tests to determine the maximum, practically
Facts/Rules:
Road/Street
achievable,Design
density of soils and aggregates.
¥ Roads
Survey:consist of straight sections (tangents) and simple curves
¥Baseline:
Avoid intersections
thatthat
arefollows
slightlylatitudes
offset (like
Leiser/McGloughlin)
!
parallel (line
of earth)
used as the basis for the east‐west
¥layout
Avoid of
intersection
wheresystem
the angle of roads is less than 80°
!
the US Survey
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¥ Cartridge
Roads PROGRAMMING
are loop distributor-collector
drive with access to the local road
CONTENT
AREA:
+ ANALYSIS
¥ At intersections with more than 750 cars per hour, a trafÞc light is required
¥ At intersection with more than 3,000 cars per hour, grade separation is required
Architectural
Programming
¥ Cloverleaf:
two level interchange
¥ Direct left turn: where two expressways intersect
Vocabulary:
¥ Diamond: expressways intersect secondary roads
Statement:
no solution
strategy
given Blocks!)
¥ Programming
Maximum length
of a block states the problem.
=
1,600’or(that’s
8 Portland
¥ Cul-de-Sacs
Design Concept: gives a physical/design
problem
= solution for a400‘
max w/ 80‘ turn around
Functional
Program:
provided data
of a Facilities Program
¥2
lane highway
w/ 9’-0”owner
shoulders
=! for !analysis/creation
40’-0” - 42’-0”
Facilities
Program:
Program that considers scope, area minimums and adjacencies,
¥ Typical
Surface
Streets
AREndurance STUDY NOTES
programming, planning, + practice
CONTENT AREA: CODES + REGULATIONS
Government + Regulatory Requirements + Permit Process
Vocabulary:
¥ Zoning: uniform standards of construction originating in NYC in 1916 to protect the health,
welfare and safety of people. Regulates the use of land, light, air, and open space while
protecting property values and protecting against nuisances (factories in residential areas),
undesirable businesses (porn shops by schools) and dangers (hazardous chemicals in
public areas).
¥ Incentive Zoning: encourages private developers to provide amenities for public use in
exchange for opportunity to build larger or taller structures on a site.
¥ Nonconforming Use: building is no longer permitted by the zoning ordinance. Typically
allowed to stay unless it’s unsafe.
¥ Conditional Use: a building that is permitted in an area that it is not zoned for, to beneÞt
the public (e.g.: an elementary school in a residential neighborhood)
¥ Variance: applied for by an owner on a private site to ask to deviate from an ordinance in
order to avoid hardship.
¥ Spot Zoning: a change in the zoning ordinance for a particular area
¥ Ordinance: a municipal law
¥ Setbacks: required open space measured between property line and face of building.
Used to preserve light, air, and spaciousness
¥ Building Line: utilized by communities principally to achieve planned street patterns. They
help insure that buildings will not be erected in the bed of projected streets or of potential
street widenings.
¥ Easements: legal right of government or another land owner to use one’s property for a
speciÞc purpose
¥ Scenic Easement: Prevents development that upsets something scenic to the public
¥ Prescriptive Code: Building code that speciÞes techniques, materials and methods to be
used. Cut and dry and simple to administer by the ofÞcial
¥ Performance Code: Building code that describes functional requirements, but leave
method to achieve decisions up to the designer.
¥ Fire resistance values for how long a separation can resist the passage of Þre. Stated in
terms of hours and can be increased with the use of sprinklers. (eg: walls, doors,
windows, ßoors, etc.)
¥ Flame Spread Rating/Smoke Developed Ratings measures the amount of ßame and
smoke a material generates. (e.g. Carpet, fabrics, etc)
¥ Area of Refuge: a location designed to hold occupants when evacuation is not safe or
possible. Has a steady supply of outside air, passive Þre protection, electrical integrity/
emergency lighting, two way communication/call box to 24 hr manned, or outside line
Facts/Rules:
Road/Street Design
¥ Roads consist of straight sections (tangents) and simple curves
¥ Avoid intersections that are slightly offset (like Leiser/McGloughlin)
¥ Avoid intersection where the angle of roads is less than 80°
page 36 of 61 :: created 01.2012 :: are 4.0 :: organized by jenny c. - twitter/areforum @jennypdx
ballpark
costs
and site
analysis
!
Made of
concrete,
asphalt,
grave, or decomposed granite
!
Width! !
!
!
!
=!
!
11’-0” - 12’-0” wide
Facts/Rules:
!
Heavy TrafÞc Streets! !
!
=!
!
6” concrete curb and gutter
is !!
comprised
! ¥ Programming
Minor Streets
! of four
! components:
=!
!
4” roll curb or gravel
¥
Function:
the@
objectives
and needs
it should
!
Minimum
curb radii
minor streets
!=! (what
!
12” do)
¥ Form:
site,
structure,
existing
!
Minimum
curb
radii
@ major
streetscomponents
!=!
!
50”
¥ Economy:
!
Landscape
stripsbudget
!
! to build
! and to
=!maintain/operate
!
7’ w/trees or 4’ wide w/ground cover
¥ Time: the schedule needed to complete the work
Parking Design
¥ Spaces are typically 9’-0” wide and 18’-0” - 20’-0” long
Concepts/Goals:
¥ Accessible
spaces
wide
access
alley
5’-0” the
wide
for cars or 8’-0”
Programming
Þnds are
the minimum
problems,8’-0”
parts,
andwith
data.
Design
solves
problem.
for
vans
adjacent
to
the
space
¥ wide
Clarify the owner’s concerns early in order to prevent major changes in the design process
¥ Allow
290
sf much/not
/ car whenenough
designing
a lot
or avoid
too
space
later. This also gets everyone on the same page, so
¥ Plan
forless
3,000
- 4,000 sf of parking for every 1,000 sf of shopping space
thereÕs
conßict.
! ¥ Address
Clearance
between
cars!
=!
! future20”
current
issues,
but also! be conscious
of
growth and changes that may take
! place
Circulation
Aisle!
!
!
=!
!
12’-0”
after the project is complete (how would the owner addwide
on/remodel?)
!
In lots with attendants!!
!
=!
!
8’ x 18’ stalls and 20’ aisles
¥ Angle of parking affects projection and bay width of double loaded aisle:
Processes:
! ¥ Programming
30° parking Process
! !
=!
15’-7” projection !
=!
43’-2” bay width
!
35° ¥parking!
!
=!
16’-7”
projection!
=!
45’-2”
Establish Goals: What are the owner’s goals for the project bay width
!
40° ¥parking!
!
=!
17’-6”
=!
47’-0”
bay widthcodes,
Gather Data:
organize
all
site, projection!
context, users/occupancy,
equipment,
!
45° parking!
!
=!project
18’-2”
projection
!
=!
48’-4” bay width
budget, expenses,
speciÞc
information
¥ 90¡ parking
most efÞcient =What
11 cars/100
lineal
feet ofwhat
curbissues will be critical during the
¥ FindisRelationships:
things go
together,
¥ makesdesign
for easy
two-way
trafÞc
and
can
accommodate
most cars. The only disadvantage
process
is that
it can be difÞcult
to maneuver
¥ Establish
Priorities:
most important function, second most, third….based on use
¥ 60¡ parking
is pretty(eg:
efÞcient
= more
9 cars/100
linealafeet
of curb
and budget
what’s
importantfancy
lobby, or equipment in the lab?)
¥ Relatively
and
allows
easy
access
to
and
from
parking
spaces
¥ Stateeconomical
the Problem: What needs to be answered in the
design.
¥ 45¡ parking is pretty efÞcient = 8 cars/100 lineal feet of curb
¥ Relatively economical and allows easy access to and from parking spaces
Interpreting
Existing Site/Environmental Conditions and Data
¥ 30¡ parking is least efÞcient = 5 cars/100 lineal feet of curb
¥ Uneconomical.
Vocabulary:
¥ Slopes in parking lots should be 5% max
¥ Catchment Areas aka market, trade, or tributary area: geographic area from which the
¥ In multiple story lots, ramps should be 15% max, with 8’ transitions
participants in an activity are drawn. It grows and shrinks with the activity.
¥ Residential Catchment Areas: determined by local transit systems.
Pedestrian Circulation
¥ Proctor Compaction Test: Geotechnical tests to determine the maximum, practically
!
Area of a person!
!
!
=!
!
3 sf
achievable, density of soils and aggregates.
!
Easy movement !
!
!
=!
!
13 sf
¥ Survey:
!
Crowd movement ! !
!
=!
!
7 sf
!
Baseline: parallel (line that follows latitudes of earth) used as the basis for the east‐west
!
No movement !
!
!
=!
!
3 sf
!
layout of the US Survey system
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programming,
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!CONTENT
Sidewalks
! !
AREA:
!
Collector walks !
!
!
= ! + ANALYSIS
!
5’-0” wide min
PROGRAMMING
!
!
=!
!
6-0” - 10’-0” wide min
Architectural
Programming
Public Transit
¥ Collective Transit System: needs at least a population density of 30 persons per acre.
Vocabulary:
¥ Max distance to walk to a stop is 1/4 - 1/2 mile
Statement:
states the
problem.
no=solution
or mph
strategy given
! ¥ Programming
Local Bus (short
trips in city/long
trips
in burbs)
! 15 - 30
¥
Concept:
gives amedium
physical/design
solution
a problem
! Design
Express
Bus (between
density areas)
=!for 40
- 60 mph
Program:
provided
data
of a Facilities Program
! ¥ Functional
Rail (between
areas owner
with high
density)
=! for !analysis/creation
40 - 70 mph
¥ Facilities Program: Program that considers scope, area minimums and adjacencies,
ballpark
costs and site analysis
Egress
Requirements
¥ Typical common path of travel
=
75’-0” max per path
¥ Typical distance to an exit
Facts/Rules:
=
250’-0” max
¥ Exits
Programming
cannot pass
is comprised
through: of four components:
¥ Kitchens
¥ Function:
!
! the objectives and needs (what it should do)
¥ Storerooms
¥ Form: site, structure, existing components
¥ Closets
¥ Economy: budget to build and to maintain/operate
¥ (or¥ spaces
Time: the
used
schedule
for similar
needed
purposes)
to complete the work
¥ Through rooms that can be locked to prevent egress
¥ One Fire Tower is required in buildings over 75’-0” (one exit, minimum)
Concepts/Goals:
Non combustible
that
is connected
mechanically
vestibules on
¥ ¥Programming
Þndsconstruction
the problems,
parts,
and data.with
Design
solves thevented
problem.
backup
power
or
balconies
¥ Clarify
the owner’s concerns early in order to prevent major changes in the design process
¥ Doors
must
in the
direction
of travel
or avoid
too swing
much/not
enough
space
later. This also gets everyone on the same page, so
¥ The
number
of exits is based on the number of occupants
thereÕs
less conßict.
Typically
spaces
with more
thanbe
50conscious
occupantsofmust
have
2 exits
¥ ¥Address
current
issues,
but also
future
growth
and changes that may take
¥ Required
width
of
exits
is
determined
by
occupants
on
the
ßoor
plus an allowance for
place after the project is complete (how would the owner add on/remodel?)
occupants from ßoors above
¥ Elevators are not a means of egress
Processes:
¥¥ Escalators
provide
a conduit for smoke and are not an approved exit
Programming
Process
¥ Ramps
may
constitute
a portion
of the
exits
¥ Establish Goals:
What are
therequire
owner’slegal
goals
for the project
¥ Revolving
doorsData:
mustorganize
collapse all
to site,
be part
of required
legal exit equipment, codes,
¥ Gather
context,
users/occupancy,
budget, expenses, project speciÞc information
Ventilation
Systems
¥ Find
Relationships: What things go together, what issues will be critical during the
¥ Minimize
the
designcirculation
process of smoke by:
¥ Isolating
the circulation
system
ofimportant
each Þre area
¥ Establish
Priorities:
most
function, second most, third….based on use
¥ Shifts and
frombudget
normal(eg:
to top
exhaust
thereÕsaafancy
Þre lobby, or equipment in the lab?)
what’s
morewhen
important¥ Increasing
pressure
to
prevent
ßow
of
smoke
and
fumes
¥ Stateair
the Problem: What needs to be answered
in the design.
Standpipes
Interpreting
Existing Site/Environmental Conditions and Data
¥ Required for buildings with 3 or more stories
¥ Must be in working order during construction
Vocabulary:
¥ Wet Standpipe: continuously pressurized with water from a public supply. Hose cabinets
¥ Catchment Areas aka market, trade, or tributary area: geographic area from which the
are located at Þxed distances, and hoses can be operated by occupants
participants in an activity are drawn. It grows and shrinks with the activity.
Dry Standpipe: not connected to a constant water supply, the Þremen connect to an
Residential Catchment Areas: determined by local transit systems.
outside hose connection point. Cabinets are located in smoke proof stiar towers and
Proctor Compaction Test: Geotechnical tests to determine the maximum, practically
hoses are used by Þremen
achievable, density of soils and aggregates.
¥ Combination: both wet and dry. Must deliver 35 gallons/minute from each of two outlets
¥ Survey:
simultaneously.
Baseline: parallel (line that follows latitudes of earth) used as the basis for the east‐west
layout of the US Survey system
¥
¥
¥
!
!
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STUDY NOTES
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programming,
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programming,documents
planning,++practice
practice
Fire Alarms
CONTENT
AREA: PROGRAMMING + ANALYSIS
¥ Instal both local alarms and alarms connect to the Fire Department.
¥ The one to the Þre department can be manual or can be through automatic Þre sensors.
Architectural
Programming
¥ Sensor types:
¥ Fixed Temperature
Vocabulary:
¥ Smoke Detector
¥ Programming
Statement: states the problem. no solution or strategy given
¥ Product of Combustion
¥ Design Concept: gives a physical/design solution for a problem
¥Water
Functional Program: owner provided data for analysis/creation of a Facilities Program
Facilities
Program
scope,
andoradjacencies,
¥ Dual
waterProgram:
mains service
both that
sidesconsiders
of the street
= area minimums
6Ó residential
8Ó high density
costs
and
site
analysis
¥ ballpark
When density is less than 1,000 people/square mile thereÕs typically no public water supply
¥ Valves are located so that no single break in a line impacts more than 500Õ-0Ó of water
¥ Main water supplies are installed in a branch or gridiron system
Facts/Rules:
¥ Main
Programming
Wastewater
is comprised
lines are located
of four components:
at the center of the street
¥ Do not¥ put
Function:
wastewater/water
the objectives
linesand
adjacent
needsfor
(what
fearitofshould
contamination
do)
if a break/leak
¥ Wastewater
¥ Form:
lines
site,onstructure,
site needexisting
to be designed
components
Þrst to accommodate pitch and gravity
¥ To convey
¥ Economy:
solid material,
budget to
must
build
have
andup
to to
maintain/operate
a 2% slope, with velocity of 2 - 10 ft/second
¥ Time: the schedule needed to complete the work
Concepts/Goals:
¥ Zoning Codes vary between every city, and inßuence building design through the
Concepts/Goals:
¥ Programming
Þndsfunction,
the problems,
parts,
and data.
Design solves the problem.
regulation of land,
size, and
exterior
elements.
¥ If
Clarify
zoning
theordinances
owner’s concerns
and building
earlycodes
in order
give
to different
prevent major
maximum
changes
heights
in the
or areas,
designthe
process
lower
or the
of
avoid
two
too
takes
much/not
precedence.
enough space later. This also gets everyone on the same page, so
¥ Fire
Resistance
is intended to permit safe egress, maintain structural integrity, limit the
thereÕs
less conßict.
¥ spread
Addressofcurrent
issues,
but also
be conscious
of future
growth
and changes that may take
Þre help
extinguish
blaze,
limit damage,
and avoid
collapse
place after the project is complete (how would the owner add on/remodel?)
Processes:
Processes:
¥ Determine Occupancy
¥ ¥Programming
Establish oneProcess
or more occupancy categories for a building and understand how the code
¥ Establish
Goals: What and
are the owner’s
goals
for the different
project occupancies
treats
different conÞgurations
relationship
between
¥ Gather Data:
organize
all site,
context,
users/occupancy,
equipment,
¥ Incidental
Use Areas:
areas
treated
as incidental
must be separated
by codes,
a one-hour
expenses,
project speciÞc
Þrebudget,
barrier that
have self-closing
doorsinformation
with no air transfer openings and/or have a Þre
¥
Find Relationships:
What things go together, what issues will be critical during the
suppression
system
design process
¥ Accessory
Use Areas: to be considered an accessory, an area canÕt exceed 10% of
¥ Establish
most
important
function,
second most, third….based on use
the
total ßoor Priorities:
area allowed
by the
height/area
table
and Occupancy:
budget (eg: what’s
more
importanta
fancy
or equipment
in the lab?)
¥ Mixed
if occupancies in a building arelobby,
too large
to be considered
¥
State the Problem:
What
to is
beconsidered
answered to
in the
design.
incidental/accessory
then
the needs
building
have
mixed occupancy.
¥ IdentifyExisting
Thresholds
and Fire Areas
Interpreting
Site/Environmental
Conditions and Data
¥ Code emphasizes the importance of installation of an automatic Þre suppression
system. The threshold limit for Þre suppression is based on one or more of the
Vocabulary:
following:Areas aka market, trade, or tributary area: geographic area from which the
¥ Catchment
¥ The Þre in
area
or building
in which
the occupancy
located
participants
an activity
are are
drawn.
It grows
and shrinksiswith
the activity.
¥
Where the
occupancy
is
located
in
the
building
¥ Residential
Catchment Areas: determined by local transit systems.
¥ The Compaction
number of occupants
in a buildingtests
or Þre
¥ Proctor
Test: Geotechnical
to area
determine the maximum, practically
¥
Fire
areas
are
enclosures
that
provide
a
certain
number of hours protection based on
achievable, density of soils and aggregates.
!
!
the risk associated with the occupancy. e.g.: High Hazard (H) = 4 hrs, Utility (U) = 1 hr
¥ Survey:
¥Baseline:
Each Þre area
must
bethat
surrounded
by Þrewalls,
Þre barriers
and for
walls)
exterior
parallel
(line
follows latitudes
of earth)
used as(ßoors
the basis
the or
east‐west
walls and
roof.
layout
of the
US Survey system
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AREndurance STUDY
STUDY NOTES
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programming,
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programming,documents
planning,++practice
practice
¥ To avoid
installing
Þre suppression within+aANALYSIS
space, a Þre area separation can be used to
CONTENT
AREA:
PROGRAMMING
subdivide a single occupancy.
¥ As long as the Þre areas with a building fall below the limits, no Þre suppression is
Architectural
Programming
needed
¥ Sprinklers are required for any windowless stories, building taller than 55Õ-0, and
Vocabulary:
underground structures with the lowest level below 35Õ-0Ó from the lowest level of exit
¥ Programming
discharge Statement: states the problem. no solution or strategy given
¥ Design Concept: gives a physical/design solution for a problem
¥ ¥Functional
Program:
owner provided data for analysis/creation of a Facilities Program
Identify the
Type of Construction
¥ Facilities
Program:
Program
that considers
scope,
adjacencies,
¥ Determining
the limits
on building
height and
area area
is tiedminimums
to severaland
factors,
including the
ballpark
costs
and
site
analysis
occupancy
if the building is fully sprinklered.
¥ ClassiÞed according to degree of Fire resistance and determined by Þre zone it is
Facts/Rules:
located and intended use
¥ Programming
¥ Buildings are
is comprised
allowed to have
of foura components:
one story and 20Õ-0Ó height increase if the building is
¥
Function:
the objectives
and needs
it should
do)to H occupancies)
protected
throughout
by a sprinkler
system(what
(does
not apply
¥ Form: site, structure, existing components
¥ Determine
¥ Economy:
the Means
budgetoftoEgress
build and to maintain/operate
¥ Includes
¥ Time:
the
the
path
schedule
from any
needed
occupied
to complete
space inthe
a building
work to the public way, broken down
into three elements:
¥ Exit access: distance a building occupant must travel from the most remote point in
Concepts/Goals:
the occupied
of the exit
access
to the Design
entrance
of thethe
nearest
exit
¥ Programming
Þnds portion
the problems,
parts,
and data.
solves
problem.
Travel
distance
within
a
space
is
typically
limited
to
75Õ-0Ó
before
two
distinctprocess
paths
¥ Clarify¥ the
owner’s concerns early in order to prevent major changes in the design
or avoidare
toorequired.
much/not enough space later. This also gets everyone on the same page, so
¥ When
a building requires two exits, the travel distance is only measure to one of the
thereÕs
less conßict.
exits,
not both
¥ Address
current
issues, but also be conscious of future growth and changes that may take
¥
The
overall
travelisdistance
any
space
suiteon/remodel?)
of ofÞces to an exit is
place after the project
completefrom
(how
would
thewithin
ownera add
250Õ-0Ó, which includes the 75Õ of travel distance to an exit
¥ Exit: a door that opens directly to the outside or a protected stair/ramp
Processes:
¥ EnclosedProcess
stairs are required to proved a Þre-rated enclosure for 1 hour (2 hours if
¥ Programming
stair
connect
4+ stories)
¥ Establish Goals:
What are the owner’s goals for the project
¥ ¥No
limit on
distance
traveled
within
an enclosed
exit
Gather
Data:
organize
all site,
context,
users/occupancy,
equipment, codes,
¥ 50%
of exits
can discharge
lobby space on the level of exit discharge if
budget,
expenses,
project through
speciÞc ainformation
and has a sprinkler
¥protects
Find Relationships:
Whatsystem
things go together, what issues will be critical during the
¥ Exit
discharge:
the
path
between the exit door and the public way.
design process
¥ ¥No
dimensional
limits on
the important
travel distance
oncesecond
outsidemost,
the building
(exceptonif use
exits
Establish
Priorities:
most
function,
third….based
discharge
onto
a balcony).
and budget
(eg:
what’s more important- a fancy lobby, or equipment in the lab?)
¥ State the Problem: What needs to be answered in the design.
¥ Determine System Requirements
¥ Other elements of the code will inßuence the design, including ventilation, plumbing,
Interpreting
Existing Site/Environmental Conditions and Data
structural, materials, etc.
¥ Ventilation: HVAC limits are based on minimum requirements for recirculated and
Vocabulary:
fresh air required in a building from operable windows and openings. Mechanical
¥ Catchment Areas aka market, trade, or tributary area: geographic area from which the
ventilation is not required in any building, except when natural ventilation is not met.
participants in an activity are drawn. It grows and shrinks with the activity.
¥ Environmental issues like mold arenÕt addressed in building/mechanical code
¥ Residential Catchment Areas: determined by local transit systems.
¥ Mechanical/Natural ventilation is required in crawl and attic spaces to prevent
¥ Proctor Compaction Test: Geotechnical tests to determine the maximum, practically
stagnant air
achievable, density of soils and aggregates.
¥ Structural Design: prescribes the minimum loads under various construction/load
¥ Survey:
conditions.
!
Baseline: parallel (line that follows latitudes of earth) used as the basis for the east‐west
!
layout of the US Survey system
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AREndurance STUDY
STUDY NOTES
NOTES
AREndurance
programming,
planning,
construction
+ services
programming,documents
planning,++practice
practice
¥ TheAREA:
building and
its components are +
considered
“dead loads”. Occupants are
CONTENT
PROGRAMMING
ANALYSIS
considered “live loads”.
¥ Environmental loads account for wind, snow, rain, earthquake, and ßoods that may
Architectural
Programming
impact
a building
¥ Special local conditions: local code and regulations that are so specialized they
Vocabulary:
can’t be included in a general code.
Programming
Statement:
states the
solution
or strategy
given for
¥ Material limits:
speciÞcations
for problem.
minimumno
quality
standards
and means
Design
Concept:
a physical/design
a problem
determine
the gives
strength
of a member tosolution
resist a for
given
load.
Functional
data
for analysis/creation
of a Facilities
Program
¥ TypicalProgram:
materialsowner
includeprovided
concrete,
wood,
glass, steel, masonry,
aluminum,
and
Facilities
Program: Program that considers scope, area minimums and adjacencies,
gypsum
ballpark
costs
and site
analysis
¥ New
materials
are
permitted if their preference level can be proven and accepted by
the review board.
¥ Plumbing Fixtures: Sanitation is fundamental to health, safety, and welfare of
Facts/Rules:
¥ Programming
is comprised
four components:
occupants.
Types and of
numbers
of Þxtures to maintain sanitary conditions within a
¥
Function:
themandated.
objectives and needs (what it should do)
building
type are
¥ Form: site, structure, existing components
Economy:
budget to and/or
build andMaterials
to maintain/operate
Adaptive ¥Reuse
of Buildings
(also see general discussion under
¥ Time: the schedule needed to complete the work
¥
¥
¥
¥
Programming + Analysis Content Area)
Concepts/Goals:
Vocabulary: None
¥ Programming Þnds the problems, parts, and data. Design solves the problem.
¥ Clarify the owner’s concerns early in order to prevent major changes in the design process
Facts/Rules:
or avoid too much/not enough space later. This also gets everyone on the same page, so
¥ National Park Service Standards for Preservation:
thereÕs less conßict.
¥ Use a property as it was historically intended to, or maximize the rendition of distinctive
¥ Address
current issues, but also be conscious of future growth and changes that may take
materials,
and(how
spatial
relationships
there
is a change
place
after thefeatures,
project isspaces,
complete
would
the ownerifadd
on/remodel?)
¥ History character of a property will be retained and preserved. Do not replace historical
materials that are intact or can be repaired
Processes:
¥ A property will be recognized as a physical record of its time, place, and use.
¥ Programming Process
¥ Changes to property that are now also considered historical will be preserved (e.g. the
¥ Establish Goals: What are the owner’s goals for the project
minoan columns at Knossos that were painted red as an act of restoration)
¥ Gather Data: organize all site, context, users/occupancy, equipment, codes,
¥ Distinctive materials/features/Þnishes/construction or examples of craftsmanship will be
budget, expenses, project speciÞc information
persevered
¥ Find Relationships: What things go together, what issues will be critical during the
¥ Existing condition of historic features will be evaluated to determine the appropriate
design process
level of intervention.
¥ Establish Priorities: most important function, second most, third….based on use
¥ Chemical/physical treatments will be gentle if absolutely required.
and budget (eg: what’s more important- a fancy lobby, or equipment in the lab?)
¥ Archeological resources will be protected/preserved in place
¥ State the Problem: What needs to be answered in the design.
¥ Tax incentives and federal/state/local grants stimulate market for preservation
¥ Buildings must be 50 years old to qualify for listing on National Register of Historic Places
Interpreting Existing Site/Environmental Conditions and Data
Concepts/Goals:
Vocabulary:
¥ Protection, maintenance, and repair are emphasized while replacement is minimized.
¥¥ Catchment
Areas aka market,
or tributary
geographic
area from
whichby
thea
Preservation/Restoration
occurstrade,
to buildings
that arearea:
speciÞcally
signiÞcant
(designed
participants
in an activity
drawn. It grows
shrinks
thebuildings
activity. are typically on
famous architect,
housedare
an important
historicand
event,
etc).with
These
¥ the
Residential
Areas: Places
determined by local transit systems.
National Catchment
Register of Historic
¥¥ Proctor
Compaction
Test:
Geotechnical
tests tohistoric
determine
the but
maximum,
practically
Rehabilitation occurs to buildings in a signiÞcant
district,
arenÕt individually
achievable,
density
of soils
andtoaggregates.
signiÞcant (and
are more
likely
be able to take on a new use).
!
!
¥ Survey:
Baseline: parallel (line that follows latitudes of earth) used as the basis for the east‐west
layout of the US Survey system
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AREndurance STUDY
STUDY NOTES
NOTES
AREndurance
programming,
planning,
construction
+ services
programming,documents
planning,++practice
practice
Processes:
CONTENT AREA: PROGRAMMING + ANALYSIS
¥ Prior to undertaking any work, a documented plan for preservation should be developed.
Architectural
Programming
¥ Identify, retain,
and preserve historic materials and features:
¥ Identify the features that are important in deÞning the buildingÕs historic character and
Vocabulary:
which must stay in order to retain that character.
Programming
Statement:
states the
problem.
solution
or strategy
¥ Includes building
siting, materials
used
(wood,no
brick,
metal),
features given
(roofs, porches,
Design
Concept:
a physical/design
solution
a problem
windows),
interiorgives
materials
(plaster, paint),
interiorforfeatures
(wainscoting, moldings,
Functional
owner provided
data and
for analysis/creation
of a Facilities Program
stairways, Program:
spatial conÞguration,
structural
mechanical systems)
Facilities Program: Program that considers scope, area minimums and adjacencies,
ballpark
and site analysis
Stabilizecosts
deteriorated
historic materials/features as a primary measure:
¥ Include structural reinforcement, weatherization, or correct unsafe conditions
Facts/Rules:
¥ Should be carried out that it detracts as little as possible from the building appearance
¥ ¥Programming
is comprised
of four components:
Not necessary
in every project
¥ Function: the objectives and needs (what it should do)
¥ Form:
site, structure,
existing
components
¥ Protect
and maintain
historic
materials
and features:
¥ Economy:
budget
to build
maintain/operate
¥ Protection
generally
involves
the and
leasttodegree
of intervention
¥ Time:
the
schedule
needed
to
complete
work caulking, limited paint removal),
¥ Includes
maintenance of historic materials (rustthe
removal,
cleaning (gutters, yard/landscaping), installing protective elements (fences, alarms)
¥
¥
¥
¥
¥
Concepts/Goals:
¥ Programming
Repair historic
Þnds
materials
the problems,
and features:
parts, and data. Design solves the problem.
¥ ¥Clarify
Stabilize,
the owner’s
consolidate
concerns
and conserve
early in order to prevent major changes in the design process
¥ Includes
repointing
correct
strength
patching/splicing/reinforcing
wood/metal
or
avoid too
much/notwith
enough
space
later.mortar,
This also
gets everyone on the same
page, so
¥ All work
should
be physically and visually compatible
thereÕs
less
conßict.
¥ ¥Address
All workcurrent
shouldissues,
be identiÞable
but alsoupon
be conscious
close inspection
of futureand
growth
documented
and changes
for future
that may
research
take
place after the project is complete (how would the owner add on/remodel?)
¥ Limited replacement of extensively deteriorate portions of historic features:
¥ Only use if all prior steps proves inadequate
Processes:
Use survivingProcess
prototypes to replace missing/deteriorated in kind
¥ ¥Programming
¥ Includes
using wood
where
there
wood, metal
was metal, etc.
¥ Establish
Goals:
What
are was
the owner’s
goalswhere
for thethere
project
¥ Excludes
hidden
structural
reinforcement
and users/occupancy,
mechanical systems
¥ Gather
Data:
organize
all site, context,
equipment, codes,
¥ All work
shouldexpenses,
be identiÞable
upon
inspection
and documented for future research
budget,
project
speciÞc
information
¥ Find Relationships: What things go together, what issues will be critical during the
¥ Address
energy
efÞciency, accessibility, health and life safety issues:
design
process
¥ Take¥ care
not to Priorities:
obscure, damage,
or destroy
character
deÞning
materials
or features
Establish
most important
function,
second
most,
third….based
on use
when and
upgrading
building
to more
meet importantcode and energy
budgeta(eg:
what’s
a fancyrequirements.
lobby, or equipment in the lab?)
¥ Asbestos/Lead
should
be carefully
done so that
important
¥ State the abatement
Problem: What
needs
to be answered
in the
design. historic Þnishes are
not adversely affected.
Interpreting Existing Site/Environmental Conditions and Data
Specialty Codes + Regulations including accessibility laws, codes, and guidelines
Vocabulary:
Vocabulary:
¥ Catchment Areas aka market, trade, or tributary area: geographic area from which the
Americans
Act (ADA):
law and
that shrinks
prohibitswith
discrimination
participants with
in an Disabilities
activity are drawn.
It grows
the activity. based on
disability
Residential Catchment Areas: determined by local transit systems.
Building
Owners andTest:
Managers
Association
(BOMA):
professional
organization
that for
Proctor Compaction
Geotechnical
tests to
determine
the maximum,
practically
commercial
real estate
professionals
achievable, density
of soils
and aggregates.
¥ Fair
Housing Act: law that prohibits housing discrimination on the basis of race, color,
Survey:
religion,
sex, parallel
disability,
familial
status, latitudes
and national
origin.
Baseline:
(line
that follows
of earth)
used as the basis for the east‐west
¥ HUD:
USofDepartment
of Housing
layout
the US Survey
system and Urban Development
¥
¥
¥
!
!
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STUDY NOTES
NOTES
AREndurance
construction
+ services
programming,
programming,documents
planning,
planning,++practice
practice
CONTENT AREA: PROGRAMMING + ANALYSIS
Rules/Facts:
¥ ADA Accessibility Guidelines:
Architectural
Programming
¥ All new design
or new construction areas must meet accessibility requirements
¥ Includes all employee work area and temporary construction that is open to the public
Vocabulary:
¥ Some areas are not require to be accessible:
Programming
Statement: facilities
states the
problem.
no solution
or strategy
given
¥ Temporary construction
(e.g.
Job shacks,
scaffolding,
trailers)
Design
Concept:
gives
physical/design
solution
for a problem
¥ Raised
areas used
forasecurity/life
safety
(e.g. Security
or life guard towers)
Functional
Program:
owner
provided
data
for
analysis/creation
of a Facilities
Program
¥ Non-occupiable
service areas accessed infrequently for maintenance
(e.g. Mechanical
Facilities
Program:
Program
that
considers
scope,
area
minimums
and
adjacencies,
rooms, penthouses)
ballpark
costs and site analysis
¥ Tollbooths
¥ Water slides
Facts/Rules:
¥ Non-public animal containment areas
¥ Programming
is comprised
of four
components:
¥ Raised boxes
and wrestling
rings
¥
Function:
theforobjectives
and needs (what
it should
¥ Raised
structures
ofÞciating/announcing
sports
eventsdo)
¥ Form: site,
structure, existing components
¥ Dimensional
Standards:
¥ Economy:
budget
to build
!
Wheelchair
Passage
Width!
=! and to
! maintain/operate
!
32” clr at a point/36” clr continuous
¥
Time:
the
schedule
needed
to
complete
!
2 Wheelchair Passing Width! =!
!
! the work
60” clr min
Headroom ! !
!
=!
!
!
80” min
Concepts/Goals:
Turning Space!!
!
=!
!
!
5’-0” circle min
¥
Programming
Þnds
the
problems,
parts,
and
data.
Design
problem.
!
Clear ßoor space!
!
=!
!
!
2’-6”solves
wide xthe
4’-0”
long min
¥
Clarify
the owner’s
concerns
early
major
changes
in the
design process
!
Changes
in levels!
!
=! in order
! to prevent
!
1/4” max
w/o edge
treatment
or !avoid too
much/not
enough
This! also gets
same
!
Beveled
Edge
Ok! space
=! later.
!
1/4”everyone
– 1/2” w/ on
1:2the
max
slopepage, so
thereÕs
less
conßict.Ramp!
!
!
Requires
=!
!
!
1/2” or more
issues,
but
growth
and
changes
may take
! ¥ Address
Doors!current
!
!
! also=!be conscious
!
!of future32”
clr min
when
open that
90 deg
place
after Closet
the project
is complete
!
Shallow
Doors!!
=! (how! would the
! owner
20”add
clr on/remodel?)
!
Door clearance!
!
=!
!
!
1’-6” clr on pull side of door
Processes:
!
Accessible route cross slope =!
!
!
1:50 max
¥
Programming
Process
!
Ramps!!
Slope! !
=!
!
!
1:20 min to 1:12 max
¥ EstablishWidth!
Goals:! What are
thewide
project
=! the !owner’s! goals for
3’-0”
Data:
organize all
!
! ¥ Gather
!
Length!!
=!site, context,
!
!users/occupancy,
30’-0” max equipment, codes,
budget,
expenses,
!
!
!
Landings!project
=!speciÞc
! information
!
5’-0” at each end (width of ramp)
¥
Find
what
willrun
be iscritical
!
!
! Relationships:
2 Handrails!What
=! things
! go together,
!
If
riseissues
is +6” or
+72” during the
design
process !
!
Handrail
Height!
=!
!
!
34” min - 38” max
¥ Establish
Priorities: most
function,
second
use
!
Handrail
Cross Section!
=! important
!
!
1-1/4” - most,
2” andthird….based
1-1/2” clr fromonwall
and Extension!
budget (eg: what’s
more
lobby,
equipment
lab?)
!
Handrail
!
=! important!
! a fancy12”
pastortop
and 12”+ in
1 the
tread
bottom
¥ State! the !Problem:
the
design.hand rails min
Stairways
! What
=!needs! to be answered
!
48”inclr
between
Walkways!
!
!
=!
!
!
1:20 max (5%)
!
Curb Cuts!
! Site/Environmental
!
=!
! Conditions
!
3Õ-0Ó
Interpreting
Existing
andßared
Datasides:1:10 max/front 1:12
!
Car Parking Space! !
=!
!
!
9’-0” wide min with 5’-0” wide aisle
!
Van Parking Space! !
=!
!
!
11’-0” wide min w/5’-0” wide aisle
Vocabulary:
! ¥ Catchment
Parking Space
Location!
=!
!
!
200’-0”
max fromarea
building
Areas aka market, trade, or tributary area:
geographic
from entrance
which the
!
!
7
50
car
lot!
!
=!
!
!
2
accessible
spaces
participants in an activity are drawn. It grows and shrinks with the activity.
! ¥ Residential
!
51 Catchment
- 100 car lot!Areas:=!determined
!
3 accessible
spaces
by! local transit
systems.
! ¥ Proctor
!
101 - 150 carTest:
lot! Geotechnical
=!
! tests! to determine
5 accessible
spaces practically
Compaction
the maximum,
¥ An Area of Rescue will be located on one of the following:
achievable, density of soils and aggregates.
¥ A portion of a stairway landing within a smoke proof enclosure
¥ Survey:
¥ A portion of an exterior exit balcony located immediate adjacent to an exit stair
!
Baseline: parallel (line that follows latitudes of earth) used as the basis for the east‐west
¥
¥
¥
¥
!
layout of the US Survey system
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AREnduranceSTUDY
STUDYNOTES
NOTES
AREndurance
AREndurance
STUDY
NOTES
construction
+ services
programming,
programming,documents
planning,
planning,++practice
practice
¥ A portion
of a 1-Hr
Þre resistive corridor+located
immediately adjacent to an exit
CONTENT
AREA:
PROGRAMMING
ANALYSIS
enclosure
¥ A vestibule located immediately adjunct to an exit enclosure constructed to the same
Architectural
Programming
Þre resistive
standards as required for corridors/openings
¥ A portion of a stairway landing within an exit enclosure thatÕs vented to the exterior and
Vocabulary:
separated by 1-1/2 Hr doors, minimum
Programming
Statement:
the which
problem.
no solution
or strategy
¥ When approved,
an areastates
or room
is separated
from
others bygiven
a smoke barrier
Design
Concept:
gives
a physical/design
solution
a problem
¥ An elevator
lobby
when
the elevator shafts
and for
adjacent
lobbies and pressurized as
Functional
provided data for analysis/creation of a Facilities Program
requiredProgram:
for smoke owner
proof enclosures
Facilities Program: Program that considers scope, area minimums and adjacencies,
ballpark
costs and site
analysis rentable area:
BOMA Standards
to calculate
¥ Rentable area includes a share of common restrooms and corridors
¥ No deductions are made for columns or projection necessary to the building
Facts/Rules:
¥ ¥Programming
When measuring
is comprised
from an exterior
of four components:
wall which is more than 50% glass, measure from the
¥
the objectives and needs (what it should do)
insideFunction:
face of glass
¥ Measure
¥ Form:
to the
site,
centerline
structure,ofexisting
demising
components
walls
¥ Measure
¥ Economy:
to the inside
budget
face
to of
build
walls
and to maintain/operate
¥ Time: the schedule needed to complete the work
¥ Fair Housing Act Guidelines:
¥ Covers most housing (owner-occupied building with 4 or less units, single family houses
Concepts/Goals:
sold/rented by
owner,
and housing
run and
by clubs
limit occupancy
to members are
¥ Programming
Þnds
the problems,
parts,
data.that
Design
solves the problem.
sometime
exempt)
¥ Clarify
the owner’s concerns early in order to prevent major changes in the design process
¥orLandlords/Real
Estate
Agents/Lenders
canÕt
take
any
of the
following
actions
based
avoid too much/not
enough
space later.
This
also
gets
everyone
on the
same
page,onso
race, color,
national origin, religion, sex, familial status, or handicap:
thereÕs
less conßict.
¥ Refusal
to rent
or sell
¥ Address
current
issues,
but also be conscious of future growth and changes that may take
¥
Refuse
to
provide
information
regarding
place after the project is complete (how
wouldloans
the owner add on/remodel?)
¥ Refuse to negotiate for housing
¥ Making Housing unavailable
Processes:
¥ Deny a dwelling
¥ Programming
Process
¥ Set
different terms,
or privileges
for sale
(e.g.: rates, points, fees,
¥ Establish
Goals:conditions,
What are the
owner’s goals
for or
therental
project
monthly
rent)
¥ Gather
Data: organize all site, context, users/occupancy, equipment, codes,
¥ Falsely
deny
that housing
is available
for inspection, sale, or rental
budget,
expenses,
project
speciÞc information
¥ For
proÞt,
persuade
owners
to
sell
or
rent
¥ Find
Relationships: What things go together, what issues will be critical during the
¥ Threaten,
coerce, intimidate, or interfere with any exercising a fair housing right or
design process
assisting
someone
who is
¥ Establish
Priorities:
most important function, second most, third….based on use
¥ Advertise
or make
statement
indicates
a limitation
on race,
and budget
(eg: awhat’s
more that
importanta fancy
lobby, or
or preference
equipment based
in the lab?)
color,
national
origin,
religion,
sex,
familial
status,
or
handicap
¥ State
the Problem: What needs to be answered in the design.
¥ A resident with a documented disability cannot be refused the opportunity to make
reasonable
modiÞcation
to their dwelling/common
use and
area Data
(at residentÕs expense) for the
Interpreting
Existing
Site/Environmental
Conditions
person to be able to use it.
¥ A resident with a document disability cannot be refused reasonable accommodation in
Vocabulary:
rules/policies/precuts or services, if necessary for the resident to use the building (e.g. A
¥ Catchment Areas aka market, trade, or tributary area: geographic area from which the
complex with a Òno petÓ policy must allow a visually impaired tenant to keep a guide dog)
participants in an activity are drawn. It grows and shrinks with the activity.
¥ Housing doesnÕt have to be made to a person who is a direct threat to the health and/or
¥ Residential Catchment Areas: determined by local transit systems.
safety of others (through the use of violence, illegal drugs, etc)
¥ Proctor Compaction Test: Geotechnical tests to determine the maximum, practically
achievable, density of soils and aggregates.
¥ Survey:
!
Baseline: parallel (line that follows latitudes of earth) used as the basis for the east‐west
!
layout of the US Survey system
¥
¥
¥
¥
¥
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AREndurance STUDY
STUDY NOTES
NOTES
AREndurance
construction
+ services
programming,
programming,documents
planning,
planning,++practice
practice
¥ Requirements
for New
Buildings with 4 or+more
units and an elevator:
CONTENT
AREA:
PROGRAMMING
ANALYSIS
¥ Public common area must be accessible
¥ Doors and hallways mush be wide enough for a wheelchair (32”-36” min)
Architectural
Programming
¥ All units
must have:
¥ An accessible rough into and through the unit
Vocabulary:
¥ Accessible light switches, electrical outlets, thermostats, etc
¥ Programming
Statement:
problem.
no solutionoforgrab
strategy
¥ Reinforced
bathroom states
walls tothe
allow
later installation
bars given
¥ Design
Concept: gives a physical/design
problem
¥ Kitchens/bathrooms
can be used by solution
people infor
aa
wheelchair
¥ Functional
Program:
provided
data for state/local
analysis/creation
¥ These rules
do notowner
replace
more stringent
codes of a Facilities Program
¥ Facilities
Program qualiÞes
that considers
scope,forarea
minimums
adjacencies,
¥ Unless aProgram:
building/community
as housing
older
people, itand
canÕt
discriminate
ballpark
and site
analysis
againstcosts
pregnant
women,
anyone securing legal custody of a child, or families with one or
more children under 18 who live with a parent/legal guardian/designee with written
Facts/Rules:
consent.
¥ Programming is comprised of four components:
¥ Life-Safety
¥ Function:
Code (NFPA
the objectives
101) Guidelines
and needs (what it should do)
¥ Not a¥ Form:
legal code,
site, but
structure,
writtenexisting
like onecomponents
to facilitate adoption into law by cities
¥ Addresses
¥ Economy:
construction,
budget protection,
to build andand
to maintain/operate
occupancy features necessary to minimize
¥ Time:
schedule
needed
to complete
work
danger
to lifethe
from
Þre including
smoke,
fumes,the
or panic.
¥ Does not address general Þre prevention or building construction features that are
normally part of Þre/building codes.
Concepts/Goals:
Applies to existing
andproblems,
new structures
¥ ¥Programming
Þnds the
parts, and data. Design solves the problem.
Is a source
for
determination
of
liability
in to
accidents
¥ ¥Clarify
the owner’s concerns early in order
prevent major changes in the design process
¥orGroups
ßame
spreadenough
ratings space
(materials
burn
rapidly and
spread
ßames)
avoid too
much/not
later.propensity
This alsoto
gets
everyone
on the
same
page, into
so
5 classes
thereÕs
less conßict.
Class
A ßame
spread
! conscious
!
=!
¥ Address
current
issues,
but rating
also be
of future! growth0-25
and changes that may take
Class
B
ßame
spread
rating
!
!
=!
!
26-75
place after the project is complete (how would the owner add on/remodel?)
Class C ßame spread rating!
!
=!
!
76-200
!
=!
!
201-500
Processes:Class D ßame spread rating!
Class E Process
ßame spread rating !
!
=!
!
over 500
¥ Programming
· A ßame
spread rating
is the
at which
will spread over the
¥ Establish
Goals:number
What are
therelative
owner’srate
goals
for theßame
project
surface
of a material,
as compared
ßameusers/occupancy,
spread on asbestos-cement
board (rated
¥ Gather
Data: organize
all site,with
context,
equipment, codes,
zero)budget,
and on red
oak (rated
100).
expenses,
project
speciÞc information
· Flame
spread
rating number
is not
the rate
at which what
the ßame
actually
along the
¥ Find
Relationships:
What
things
go together,
issues
will bespreads
critical during
surface
and
is
not
an
indication
of
the
Þre
resistance
of
the
material.
design process
¥ Establish Priorities: most important function, second most, third….based on use
Concepts/Goals:
and budget (eg: what’s more important- a fancy lobby, or equipment in the lab?)
¥ Accessibility
¥ Stateservices
the Problem:
scopeWhat
can vary
needs
depending
to be answered
on the size
in the
of design.
the client, their
organization, and the project.
¥ Name recognition
public, visible
companies
more vulnerable to lawsuits
Interpreting
Existingmatters...large,
Site/Environmental
Conditions
andare
Data
so need to be prepared for issues.
Vocabulary:
Processes:
¥ Catchment Areas aka market, trade, or tributary area: geographic area from which the
¥ participants
Identify clientÕs
potential
problem
areas
and desired
in an
activityaccessibility
are drawn. It
grows and
shrinks
with theoutcomes
activity.
¥¥ Identify
strategies
for
correcting
problems
including
a
proposed
implementation
schedule
Residential Catchment Areas: determined by local transit systems.
!
!
¥
¥
¥¥
¥
and
budget/cost
analysis
Proctor
Compaction
Test: Geotechnical tests to determine the maximum, practically
Develop
prototype
for implementation
achievable, densitydesign
of soilsdetails
and aggregates.
Prepare
Survey: and administer surveys if required to assess population using building
Prepare
clientparallel
training
program
manuals
and facility
monitoring
Baseline:
(line
that follows
latitudes
of earth)
used asdocumentation
the basis for the east‐west
layout of the US Survey system
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AREndurance STUDY
STUDY NOTES
NOTES
AREndurance
construction
+ services
programming,
programming,documents
planning,
planning,++practice
practice
CONTENT AREA: PROGRAMMING + ANALYSIS
CONTENT AREA: PROJECT + PRACTICE MANAGEMENT
Architectural Programming
Project Delivery Methods
Vocabulary:
¥ Programming Statement: states the problem. no solution or strategy given
Vocabulary:
¥ Design
Concept:
givesana owner
physical/design
forproject
a problem
when
structuressolution
their own
teams, lead by a third party
¥ Undbundling:
¥ Functional
Program: owner provided data for analysis/creation of a Facilities Program
project manager.
¥ Facilities Program: Program that considers scope, area minimums and adjacencies,
ballpark costs and site analysis
Facts/Rules:
¥ Key Players: owner - architect - contractor
Facts/Rules:
¥ Key Construction Delivery Methods: Design-Bid-Build, Design-Build, Construction
¥ Programming is comprised of four components:
Management
¥ Function: the objectives and needs (what it should do)
Delivery Methods: Owner/Architect (with consultants, Multiple Prime,
¥ Key Professional
¥ Form: site, structure, existing components
Joint Venture
¥ Economy: budget to build and to maintain/operate
¥ Time: the schedule needed to complete the work
Concepts/Goals:
¥ The architect/consultant relationship may be established just for the project, or it could be a
Concepts/Goals:
long standing working relationship
¥ Programming Þnds the problems, parts, and data. Design solves the problem.
¥ Architect’s coordination responsibilities should be limited to coordinating services with
¥ Clarify the owner’s concerns early in order to prevent major changes in the design process
those of the consultants or other design professionals retained by the owner.
or avoid too much/not enough space later. This also gets everyone on the same page, so
thereÕs less conßict.
those of the architect, no matter who they contract with.
¥ Address current issues, but also be conscious of future growth and changes that may take
¥ The architect should never assume responsibility for internal coordination of any other
place after the project is complete (how would the owner add on/remodel?)
design professionals work.
¥ Architect-Consultant Agreement: architect assumes primary contractual responsibility to
Processes:
the owner for the accuracy and completeness of the work of the architect’s consultants.
¥ Programming
Process
¥ If something
goes wrong, the architect can be held liable.
¥ Establish Goals: What are the owner’s goals for the project
¥ Agreement should parallel owner-architect agreement
¥ Gather Data: organize all site, context, users/occupancy, equipment, codes,
¥ Multiple
Prime: a design professional holds an agreement directly with the owner or their
budget,
expenses,
project
project manager.
The owner
may:speciÞc information
¥
Findoverall
Relationships:
What
things
go together,
what issues
will be critical
during
¥ Provide
coordination
of the
multiple
prime design
professionals,
including
the the
design
process
architect, through in-house staff
¥ Establish Priorities: most important function, second most, third….based on use
¥ Assign
coordination to a project/program manager
and coordination
budget (eg: what’s
a fancy lobby, or equipment
in the lab?)
¥ Allocate
to onemore
of theimportantdesign professionals...maybe
the architect
¥
State the
to betwo
answered
the for
design.
¥ Joint Venture:
a Problem:
contractualWhat
unionneeds
between
or more in
Þrms
one or more speciÞc
projects.
Interpreting
Existing
and
Data
¥ Enables
Þrms toSite/Environmental
combine key resourcesConditions
while allowing
each
participating Þrm to pursue
other projects.
¥ Essentially like a partnership
Vocabulary:
¥ Catchment
¥ Retains no
Areas
and pays
aka market,
no income
trade,
taxesÉit
or tributary
passesarea:
proÞtsgeographic
and losses area
and tax
fromliabilities
which the
to
participants
its participating
in an activity
members.
are drawn. It grows and shrinks with the activity.
¥ Residential
¥ Participating
Catchment
Þrms are Areas:
individually
determined
and jointly
by liable
local transit
to the client
systems.
and others for the
¥ Proctor
Compaction
Geotechnical
services
offered by Test:
the joint
venture. tests to determine the maximum, practically
¥ Typically density
formed of
only
for and
the purpose
of seeking a speciÞc project.
achievable,
soils
aggregates.
¥ Survey:
¥ E.g.: a international Þrm joins with a local Þrm to complete a project
!
Baseline: parallel (line that follows latitudes of earth) used as the basis for the east‐west
!Processes:
layoutNone
of the US Survey system
¥ All design professionals should be contractually obligated to coordinate their services with
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AREndurance STUDY
STUDY NOTES
NOTES
AREndurance
construction
+ services
programming,
programming,documents
planning,
planning,++practice
practice
Project
Budget
Management
CONTENT
AREA:
PROGRAMMING + ANALYSIS
Vocabulary:
Architectural Programming
¥ Preliminary Costs: SF Cost Estimates; based on occupancy, size & type of construction
¥ Detailed Costs: Itemized break down
Vocabulary:
¥¥ Utilization Ratio: Used by Þrms to determine the amount of time spent on billable work as
Programming Statement: states the problem. no solution or strategy given
percentage
of total
timea the
employee is solution
compensated.
UR = billable hours / total hours
¥a
Design
Concept:
gives
physical/design
for a problem
¥¥ Value Engineering: process to get the best value for the project using similar, but more
Functional Program: owner provided data for analysis/creation of a Facilities Program
materials and
techniques
¥ affordable
Facilities Program:
Program
that considers scope, area minimums and adjacencies,
¥ Pro-forma: Þnancial analysis of a building project which involves cost/return on investment
ballpark costs and site analysis
¥ Cost of money or debt service: principal and interest payments
¥ Depreciation: federal tax beneÞt with the idea that a building loses value as it ages
Facts/Rules:
¥ General Obligation Bond: used to Þnance non revenue collecting facilities
¥ Programming is comprised of four components:
¥ Revenue Bond: Used to Þnance revenue collecting projects (tolls, etc)
¥ Function: the objectives and needs (what it should do)
¥ Form: site, structure, existing components
Facts/Rules:
¥ Economy: budget to build and to maintain/operate
¥ There¥are multiple methods of calculating fees for architectural services:
Time: the schedule needed to complete the work
¥ Multiple of Direct Salary Expense (DSE): everyoneÕs direct salary/wages
multiplied by a factor to cover fringe beneÞts (e.g. Employee health insurance),
Concepts/Goals:
overhead, and proÞt
¥ Programming Þnds the problems, parts, and data. Design solves the problem.
¥ Multiple of Direct Personnel Expense (DPE): fringe beneÞts are included in direct
¥ Clarify the owner’s concerns early in order to prevent major changes in the design process
salary/wages...that expense is multiplied by a factor to cover overhead and proÞt
or avoid too much/not enough space later. This also gets everyone on the same page, so
¥ Professional Fee plus Expenses: professional services are separated from the
thereÕs less conßict.
services from identiÞed costs (reimbursables, consultants, etc)
¥ Address current issues, but also be conscious of future growth and changes that may take
¥ Hourly Billing Rate: project is billed at standard rates for every hour worked. Often
place after the project is complete (how would the owner add on/remodel?)
this is to a Ònot to exceedÓ value without consent of the owner.
¥ Stipulated/Lump Sum: a speciÞc amount is agreed upon for the total payment
Processes:
fPercentage of the cost of work: based on a percentage of construction cost
¥ Programming Process
¥ Unit price contract: based on acceptance and incorporation of unit price quotes for
¥ Establish Goals: What are the owner’s goals for the project
the various portions of the project
¥ Gather Data: organize all site, context, users/occupancy, equipment, codes,
¥ Add a Þxed percentage contingency (5-10%) in complex or remodel jobs to address any
budget, expenses, project speciÞc information
unforeseen problems or issues that come up during the design and/or construction
¥ Find Relationships: What things go together, what issues will be critical during the
¥ Traditional design fees:
design process
!
!
Architecture ! !
!
=!
!
!
10% of construction cost
¥ Establish Priorities: most important function, second most, third….based on use
!
!
Mechanical ! !
!
=!
!
!
15%
and budget (eg: what’s more important- a fancy lobby, or equipment in the lab?)
!
!
Electrical!
!
!
=!
!
!
12.5%
¥ State the Problem: What needs to be answered in the design.
!
!
Civil! !
!
!
=!
!
!
10.5%
!
!
Structural!
!
!
=!
!
!
9.4%
Interpreting
Existing
Site/Environmental
Conditions
and
Data
¥ Traditional
contractor fees:
!
!
General Overhead! !
=!
!
!
8-10% value of Þrm value
Vocabulary:
!
!
Project Overhead !
!
=!
!
!
4-10% of construction cost
Areas
area:
geographic
area from
! ¥ Catchment
!
ProÞt!
! aka market,
!
!trade, or
=! tributary
!
!
15-20% small
jobs which the
participants
in
an
activity
are
drawn.
It
grows
and
shrinks
with
the
activity.
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
10-15% large jobs
by! local transit
systems.
! ¥ Residential
!
! Catchment
!
!Areas:! determined
!
!
5 - 10% very large jobs
¥ ¥Proctor
Compaction
Test:
Geotechnical tests to determine the maximum, practically
Traditional
construction
fees:
density of soils
! achievable,
!
Construction
Cost!and !aggregates.
=!
!
!
Amount of $$ to build
¥
Survey:
!
!
Construction Budget! !
=!
!
!
85% construction cost
!!
Baseline:
parallel (line
that follows
latitudes
basis
for the east‐west
!
ContractorÕs
OH/ProÞt!
!
=!
!of earth)! used as
15 the
- 40%
construction
cost
!!
layout
of
the US Survey
!
Surveys,
testing, system
fees, FF&E !=!
!
!
15%
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AREndurance STUDY
STUDY NOTES
NOTES
AREndurance
construction
+ services
programming,
programming,documents
planning,
planning,++practice
practice
¥ Traditional
project PROGRAMMING
budget:
CONTENT
AREA:
+ ANALYSIS
!
!
Site Acquisition!
!
=!
!
!
not included in project budget
!
!
Utility/Off Site Construction! =!
!
!
not included in project budget
Architectural
Programming
!
!
On
Site construction ! !
=!
!
!
10-20% of construction cost
!
!
Building construction! !
=!
!
!
10-15% of construction cost
!Vocabulary:
!
Contingencies!!
!
=!
!
!
5-10% of construction cost
Statement:
states the problem.
or varies
strategy given
! ¥ Programming
!
Professional
Services!!
=!
! no solution
!
¥
Design
Concept:
gives
physical/design
for !a problem
!
!
Inspection
and aTesting!
=! solution
!
varies
Program: owner
provided
data
of a Facilities Program
! ¥ Functional
!
Financing!
!
!
=! for !analysis/creation
!
varies!
¥ Facilities Program: Program that considers scope, area minimums and adjacencies,
costs
and site
analysis construction cost escalation on the basis of an annual
¥ ballpark
It is normal
practice
to anticipate
increase projected to the midpoint of construction.
Facts/Rules:
¥ Programming is comprised of four components:
Concepts/Goals:
¥ Function:
the objectives and needs (what it should do)
¥ Cost Projection
Objectives:
¥ Form:the
site,
structure,
components
¥ Complete
project
withinexisting
the Þnancial
limits set by the owner
¥
Economy:
budget
to
build
and
to maintain/operate
¥ Provide an appropriate use of resources/value
for the money within the budget
¥ Time:longer-term
the schedule
to complete
the work
¥ Optimize
lifeneeded
cycle costs
by examine
alternative that offer the best balance
between upfront costs and maintenance costs
Concepts/Goals:
¥ Provide the owner with relative implications to the budget based on owner decisions
¥ Programming
the problems,
throughout Þnds
the project
duration.parts, and data. Design solves the problem.
¥¥ Cost
ClarifyProjections
the owner’s
in order
prevent
major changes in the design process
forconcerns
a projectearly
are based
onto
four
factors:
or¥ avoid
too much/not
space
This also gets everyone on the same page, so
Cost Factors:
whatenough
inßuences
thelater.
project
thereÕs
lessScope:
conßict.what’s included in the building
¥ Project
¥ Address
current
also be
of futuretechnologies,
growth and changes
¥ Quality:
how issues,
nice thebut
building
willconscious
be (construction,
Þnishes)that may take
place
after the
project
complete
(how
would the owner add on/remodel?)
¥ Budget:
how
muchisthe
owner can
spend
¥ Typically architect estimates cannot account for inßation, market conditions, and
Processes:
contractor means and methods.
¥ ¥Programming
Other factorsProcess
that inßuence the construction budget include:
¥ Establish
What
are the(ifowner’s
for the
project
¥ Availability
of Goals:
labor and
materials
thereÕs goals
no work,
people
will do jobs for cheap, if
¥ Gather
Data:
organize
all site, context,
users/occupancy,
equipment, codes,
there
is work,
prices
go up...basic
supply and
demand principle)
budget,
expenses,
project
speciÞc
information
¥ Labor
rates ßuctuate depending on cost of living, demand, project location, deadline
¥ Find Relationships:
What thingsongothe
together,
issues
critical
¥ Material
prices ßuctuate depending
market,what
where
they will
shipbe
from,
etcduring the
design process
¥ Convenience
of transportation
¥ Establish
Priorities:
most the
important
function, second most, third….based on use
¥ The
more remote
the location
more expensive
andare
budget
(eg:
what’s
more
important¥ Costs
less predictable in rural areas a fancy lobby, or equipment in the lab?)
¥ State the Problem: What needs to be answered in the design.
Processes:
¥ The appropriate
type
of cost estimating forConditions
a building depends
on the phase of the project
Interpreting
Existing
Site/Environmental
and Data
it is developed to:
¥ Pre-Planning/Proposal: based on unit costs (the cost per person, cost per bed, cost
Vocabulary:
per sf, etc)
¥ Catchment
Areas aka market, trade, or tributary area: geographic area from which the
¥
Programming:
basedare
on unit
costItsystem
(costshrinks
per sf) with
based
similar building types
participants
in an activity
drawn.
grows and
theon
activity.
and/or functions
of
spaces
¥ Residential
Catchment Areas: determined by local transit systems.
¥ Schematic
Design:Test:
based
on the majortests
elements
of eachthe
building
system
(mechanical,
¥ Proctor
Compaction
Geotechnical
to determine
maximum,
practically
electrical,
plumbing,
structure)
achievable, density of soils and aggregates.
¥ Design Development: based on detailed components (curtain walls, storefronts, lay-in
¥ Survey:
ceilings, etc)
!
Baseline:
parallel (line that follows latitudes of earth) used as the basis for the east‐west
!
layout of the US Survey system
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AREndurance STUDY
STUDY NOTES
NOTES
AREndurance
construction
+ services
programming,
programming,documents
planning,
planning,++practice
practice
¥ Construction
based on unit
rates for construction competes, assembles
CONTENT
AREA:Documents:
PROGRAMMING
+ ANALYSIS
and systems. This estimate is what pre-bid cost checks and cost breakdowns are
based on.
Architectural Programming
Project Schedule Management
Vocabulary:
Vocabulary: None
¥ Programming Statement: states the problem. no solution or strategy given
¥ Design Concept: gives a physical/design solution for a problem
Facts/Rules:
¥ Functional Program: owner provided data for analysis/creation of a Facilities Program
¥ Typical phase breakdown for architectural services (programming is an extra service):
¥ Facilities Program: Program that considers scope, area minimums and adjacencies,
!
!
Schematic Design! !
=!
!
!
15%
ballpark costs and site analysis
!
!
Design Development! !
=!
!
!
15%
!
!
Construction Documents!
=!
!
!
35%
Facts/Rules:
!
!
Bid/Negotiation!
!
=!
!
!
5%
¥ Programming is comprised of four components:
!
!
Construction Administration! =!
!
!
30%
¥ Function: the objectives and needs (what it should do)
!
!
Sometime Project Closeout is broken out to about 2-5%
¥ Form: site, structure, existing components
¥ Project calendar days = number of working days x 5 or 7
¥ Economy: budget to build and to maintain/operate
¥ Schedules are impacted and inßuenced by:
¥ Time: the schedule needed to complete the work
¥ The size of the project
¥ The complexity of the budget
Concepts/Goals:
¥ The number of people working on the project
¥ Programming
Þnds the problems,
data.
Design review
solves time)
the problem.
¥ Client action/reaction
time (andparts,
to an and
extent,
municipal
¥¥ Clarify the owner’s concerns early in order to prevent major changes in the design process
Risks of extending the schedule:
or¥ avoid
too much/not
space later. This also gets everyone on the same page, so
Can increase
costs enough
due to inßation
thereÕs
less
conßict.
¥ Team members could change, causing a learning curve
¥¥ Address current issues, but also be conscious of future growth and changes that may take
Risks of shortening the schedule:
place
after the
project
complete
(how
would the owner add on/remodel?)
¥ Requires
people
to is
work
overtime
(costly/inefÞcient)
¥ Requires the need to hire more people (learning curve to project and ofÞce standards)
Processes:
¥ If no employee changes are made, drawings can turn out poor, uncoordinated, etc
¥ Programming
Process
¥ Generally causes
higher costs for design and construction for a lower quality project
¥ Establish Goals: What are the owner’s goals for the project
¥ Gather Data: organize all site, context, users/occupancy, equipment, codes,
Concepts/Goals:
expenses,
project
speciÞc information
¥ Projectsbudget,
follow different
types
of construction
schedules:
¥
Find Chart:
Relationships:
things
together,
what issues
willout
beby
critical
during the
¥ Gantt/Bar
illustratesWhat
start to
Þnishgodates
of a project
broken
activity.
design
process
¥ They focus primarily on schedule management rather than the size of the project or
¥ Establish Priorities: most important function, second most, third….based on use
the
relative size of the work elements/activities.
andshow
budget
what’s more
importanta fancy lobby, or equipment in the lab?)
¥ Can’t
the(eg:
relationship
between
activities
¥
State
Problem:
What needs
to betoanswered
the design.
¥ Critical
Paththe
Method:
all events
expected
occur andinoperations
to be performed in
completed a given process are rendered in a form permitting determination of the
Interpreting
Site/Environmental
optimumExisting
sequence
and duration of each Conditions
operation. and Data
¥ The diagram is called a Network Diagram
¥ Circles are are start and Þnishes, arrows are tasks, numbers show the time for each
Vocabulary:
¥ Catchment
Areas aka market, trade, or tributary area: geographic area from which the
task to occur.
¥ Critical in
Path:
the path
the longest
time with
from the
start
to Þnish is the basis
participants
an activity
arewith
drawn.
It growsrequired
and shrinks
activity.
¥ Residential
Catchment
Areas:on
determined
by called
local transit
systems.
for the schedule.
Activities
this path are
critical
activities.
¥ Proctor
¥ Float:
Compaction
range of time
Test:
during
Geotechnical
which nontests
critical
to activities
determinecan
thestart/end
maximum,
without
practically
affecting
achievable,
the overall
density
schedule
of soils and aggregates.
!
!
¥ Survey:
¥ Total Float: individual ßoat times added together don'tÕ inßuence the critical path time
¥ Fast
Track parallel
Schedule:
documents
are issued
in phases
and
Baseline:
(line Construction
that follows latitudes
of earth)
used as
the basis
forconstruction
the east‐west
begins
is stillsystem
being Þnishes.
layout while
of thedesign
US Survey
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AREndurance STUDY
STUDY NOTES
NOTES
AREndurance
construction
+ services
programming,
programming,documents
planning,
planning,++practice
practice
¥ Requires
coordination
between architects,
contractors, and construction managers
CONTENT
AREA:
PROGRAMMING
+ ANALYSIS
¥ Requires staged bidding, which might result in multiple contractors.
¥ Can reduce time of project by 10‐30%
Architectural Programming
Processes:
Vocabulary:
¥ Scheduling the Þve phases of the design process varies depending on the project size and
Programming
theprogram,
problem.the
nodesign
solution
or strategy
complexity, the Statement:
quality of thestates
client’s
team,
and thegiven
decision making
DesignofConcept:
a physical/design
ability
the client.gives
Generally
the followingsolution
applies:for a problem
Functional
Program:
owner provided
data
a Facilities Program
!
!
Schematic
Design!
!
=! for !analysis/creation
!
1 - of
2 months
Facilities
Program:
Program
that
considers
scope,
area
minimums
and adjacencies,
!
!
Design Development! !
=!
!
!
2 - 6 months
ballpark
costs
and
site
analysis
!
!
Construction Documents!
=!
!
!
3 - 7 months
!
!
Bid/Negotiation!
!
=!
!
!
3 - 6 weeks
!Facts/Rules:
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
(contractors: 2 weeks to bid)
¥
Programming
is
comprised
of
four
components:
!
!
Construction Administration! =!
!
!
Varies
the objectives
it should
do)
!
! ¥ Function:
Contingencies
!
! and needs
=! (what
!
!
25-50% of length of project
¥ Form: site, structure, existing components
Economy:
budget Service
to build and
to maintain/operate
Contracts¥ for
Professional
+ Contract
Negotiation
¥ Time: the schedule needed to complete the work
¥
¥
¥
¥
Vocabulary:
Concepts/Goals:
¥ Programming Þnds the problems, parts, and data. Design solves the problem.
Facts/Rules:
¥ Clarify the owner’s concerns early in order to prevent major changes in the design process
¥ Types
of too
AIAmuch/not
Contracts:
or avoid
enough space later. This also gets everyone on the same page, so
!
!
A Series!
!
=!
Owner + General Contractor Agreements
thereÕs
less
conßict.
! ¥ Address
!
B Series!
! also=!be conscious
Owner +
Agreements
current
issues, but
ofArchitect
future growth
and changes that may take
!
!
C
Series!
!
=!
Architect
+
Consultant
Agreements
place after the project is complete (how would the owner add on/remodel?)(joint ventures)
!
!
D Series!
!
=!
Industry Standard Documents
!Processes:
!
G Series!
!
=!
Contract & OfÞce Administration Forms
¥ Programming Process
¥ Division
One: TheGoals:
General
Requirements
Division
of for
thethe
speciÞcations
which establishes
¥ Establish
What
are the owner’s
goals
project
the administrative/procedural
of context,
the contractor,
architect, owner
during codes,
construction.
¥ Gather Data: organizeduties
all site,
users/occupancy,
equipment,
¥ Generalbudget,
Contract:
The agreements
between
the owner and the contractor for the
expenses,
project speciÞc
information
construction
of a project.
¥ Find Relationships:
What things go together, what issues will be critical during the
¥ Generaldesign
Conditions:
processThe part of the contract documents which states the rights,
responsibilities,
and
relationships
the parties
involved
(owner/arch/consultant/contractor/
¥ Establish
Priorities:
mostofimportant
function,
second
most, third….based on use
sub/vendor)
and budget (eg: what’s more important- a fancy lobby, or equipment in the lab?)
¥ Supplementary
Conditions:
conditions,
¥ State theGeneral
Problem:
What needsAdditional
to be answered
in theincluded
design.in the project
manual, that are used to modify the General Conditions of the Contract for Construction in
order to allow
for any
speciÞc legal, climatic,
or site conditions
of the particular project.
Interpreting
Existing
Site/Environmental
Conditions
and Data
¥ Special Conditions: Additional requirements to the Supplementary General Conditions of
the Contract for Construction. These requirements are usually requested by government or
Vocabulary:
local building agencies. Special conditions are used when supplementary conditions must
¥ Catchment Areas aka market, trade, or tributary area: geographic area from which the
be further extended.
participants in an activity are drawn. It grows and shrinks with the activity.
¥ General Requirements: deÞnes the speciÞc procedures that a contractor must follow.
¥ Residential Catchment Areas: determined by local transit systems.
Single Prime Contract: A contract for building construction under which one prime
¥ Proctor Compaction Test: Geotechnical tests to determine the maximum, practically
contractor is responsible for the entire project, in contrast to having separate contracts.
achievable, density of soils and aggregates.
¥ Separate Prime Contract: One of several owner-contractor agreements for a project,
¥ Survey:
each of which provides for constructing a major portion of the work (general construction,
!
Baseline: parallel (line that follows latitudes of earth) used as the basis for the east‐west
electrical, mechanical, etc.)
!
layout of the US Survey system
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AREndurance STUDY
STUDY NOTES
NOTES
AREndurance
construction
+ services
programming,
programming,documents
planning,
planning,++practice
practice
CONTENT AREA: PROGRAMMING + ANALYSIS
Concepts/Goals:
A101: Standard Form of Agreement Between Owner & Contractor:
Architectural
¥ Document Programming
Partners with AIA A201: General Conditions
¥ Contract Document the contractor agrees to are: Agreement, Conditions of the contract
Vocabulary:
(general and supplementary), drawings, specs, addenda, and any other additional
¥ Programming
Statement: states the problem. no solution or strategy given
documents
¥¥ Contract
Design Concept:
gives
a physical/design
solution for a problem
supersedes
prior
negotiations, representations
or agreements, written or oral
Program:
owner
provided
data
for
analysis/creation
of a other
Facilities
¥¥ Functional
The date of the commencement of work is date of agreement unless
dateProgram
is listed
Program:
Program
that
considers
scope,
area
minimums
and
adjacencies,
¥¥ Facilities
Contract time is measured from the date of commencement
costsforand
site analysis
¥ ballpark
Set the date
substantial
completion
¥ Call out provisions for liquidated damages or early completion bonuses
Facts/Rules:
¥ Liquidated damages are not a penalty to be inßicted on the Contractor, but must bear an
¥ Programming
is comprised
of fourrelationship
components:
actual and reasonably
estimable
to the owner’s loss if construction is not
¥
Function:
completed
on time.the objectives and needs (what it should do)
¥ Form:
site, structure,
existing
components
¥ If liquidated
damages
are to be
assessed
because delayed construction will result in actual
¥
Economy:
budget
to
build
and
to
maintain/operate
loss to the Owner, the amount of damage due for each day lost should be entered in the
¥ Time: the
schedule or
needed
to complete the work
Supplementary
Conditions
the Agreement.
¥ Contract sum is called out in a lump sum amount based on alternates and/or unit prices
¥ Pay Applications are for 1 month ending on the last day of the month unless speciÞed
Concepts/Goals:
¥ Programming
the problems,
parts, and
solves
thecontractor.
problem.
differently, andÞnds
are based
on the schedule
of data.
valuesDesign
supplied
by the
¥¥ Typical
Clarify the
owner’s
concerns
early in order
to prevent
major
changes
in the design
progress
payment
= percentage
of contract
sum
complete
or stored
on site process
+ state
or avoid
much/not enough
space– later.
This also gets everyone on the same page, so
sales
taxtoo
(if applicable)
– retainage
prior payments
¥ The
thereÕs
lastless
dayconßict.
upon which work may be included in an Application should normally be no
¥ less
Address
be conscious
of in
future
growth and
that
may take
thancurrent
14 daysissues,
prior tobut
thealso
payment
due date,
consideration
ofchanges
the 7 days
required
for
the
architect’s
evaluation
of
the
Application
and
issuance
of
a
Certificate
for
Payment
and
place after the project is complete (how would the owner add on/remodel?)
the time subsequently accorded the Owner to make payment.
¥ Unless owner approve, contractor shall not make advanced payments to suppliers for
Processes:
which has not been delivered & stored on site
¥ materials/equipment
Programming Process
¥ Final payment issued when contractor has fully performed contract requirements (some
¥ Establish Goals: What are the owner’s goals for the project
minor ¥punch
listData:
issues
can remain)
and
Þnal certiÞcate
of payment
is issued by
the
Gather
organize
all site,
context,
users/occupancy,
equipment,
codes,
architect
budget, expenses, project speciÞc information
¥ Owner to pay w/in 30 days of the Þnal certiÞcate of payment
¥ Find Relationships: What things go together, what issues will be critical during the
¥ Contract can be terminated/suspended by either party per the A201 General Conditions
design process
¥ Establish Priorities: most important function, second most, third….based on use
A201: General
the Contract
for Construction
andConditions
budget (eg:of
what’s
more importanta fancy lobby, or equipment in the lab?)
(notes from
Schiff-Hardin
Lectures)
¥ State
the Problem: What needs to be answered in the design.
¥ Part of the construction contract
¥ Not a contract, there’s no signatures, and it’s not project specific. It’s generic.
Interpreting
Existing
Site/Environmental
¥ Most important
document
in the industry Conditions and Data
¥ Owner is responsible for determining the time limits for construction
¥ “Pro” contractor documents aren’t included in the contract documents.
Vocabulary:
¥¥ No
direct contract
architect/contractor,
owner/subcontractor.
Catchment
Areasbetween
aka market,
trade, or tributary
area: geographic area from which the
¥ Doesn’t
bind/contract
architect
for anything.
participants
in an activity
are drawn.
It grows and shrinks with the activity.
¥¥ Architect
is intended
to beAreas:
a third determined
party beneficiary
in this
agreement.
Residential
Catchment
by local
transit
systems.
¥ Architect/consultants are owners of their respective instruments of services.
¥ Proctor Compaction Test: Geotechnical tests to determine the maximum, practically
¥ Owner will designate in writing who will be the owner’s agent with actual authority
achievable, density of soils and aggregates.
¥ Architect is not the owner’s agent for dealing with the contractor. Not directly responsible
¥ Survey:
to owner except for what the architect has to do to complete their contract obligations
! ¥ Contractor’s
Baseline: biggest
parallel worry
(line that
followsand
latitudes
of earth)
usedtoasask
thethe
basis
for the
east‐west
is money
they have
the right
owner
to furnish
!
layout
of
the
US
Survey
system
evidence that they can pay for the project.
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AREndurance STUDY
STUDY NOTES
NOTES
AREndurance
construction
+ services
programming,
programming,documents
planning,
planning,++practice
practice
¥ If contractor fails to do work, or correct work that isn’t agreement with the documents, the
CONTENT
AREA: PROGRAMMING + ANALYSIS
owner can stop the work until the problem is fixed.
¥ If contractor does something wrong, and doesn’t fix it within 10 days of notice, then the
owner canProgramming
pay someone else to do it, and reduce the contract sum by a CO to pay for the
Architectural
corrections.
¥ Signing the contract by the contractor that the contractor has visited the site, is generally
Vocabulary:
with site,
and with the
requirements
of the
¥ familiar
Programming
Statement:
states
the problem.
no documents
solution or strategy given
¥ If contractor finds a problem or error, they have to let the architect know (no sandbagging).
¥ Design Concept: gives a physical/design solution for a problem
They can’t play dumb.
¥¥ Functional Program: owner provided data for analysis/creation of a Facilities Program
Contractor not required to check drawings against code, but if they see something that
¥ Facilities
Program:
Program
that
considers scope, area minimums and adjacencies,
doesn’t comply
they have
to say
something.
ballpark
costs
and
site
analysis
¥ Contractor is not liable for errors and omissions made by the architect.
¥ Contractor is solely responsible for means, methods, techniques, sequences, and safety
Facts/Rules:
procedures.
¥¥ Contract
is responsible
to the
for acts and omissions of the contractor’s employees,
Programming
is comprised
of owner
four components:
subs and
other people
performing
work
¥ Function:
the objectives and needs (what it should do)
¥ Substitutions
be made
with the
approval of the owner.
¥ Form:can
site,only
structure,
existing
components
¥ Warranty is like a guarantee which is being made to the owner and the architect.
¥ Economy: budget to build and to maintain/operate
¥ General warranties of quality have no time limit
¥ Time: the schedule needed to complete the work
¥ Contractor secures and pays for building permit
¥ If the contractor knows something is illegal and builds it anyway, they’re responsible to fix it
Concepts/Goals:
¥ Type one concealed/unknown site conditions: drawings are wrong based on what architect
¥ Programming
Þnds given.
the problems, parts, and data. Design solves the problem.
or consultant were
¥¥ Type
Clarifytwo
thediffering
owner’ssite
concerns
earlydocuments
in order to prevent
majortypically
changessomething
in the design
process
conditions:
are silenced,
is missing
¥ If
oraavoid
too much/not
enough
space islater.
This
also
gets everyone
onequitable
the same(time
page,
so
concealed
or unknown
condition
found,
then
contractor
gets an
and
or
money)
thereÕs
lessadjustment.
conßict.
¥¥ Indian
Village
Clause:
if remains,
archaeologic
sites
or wetlands
arechanges
found, work
stop
Address
current
issues,
but also be
conscious of
future
growth and
that must
may take
until
federal
is complete
determined.
placeaafter
thesolution
project is
(how would the owner add on/remodel?)
¥ Allowance: a placeholder for something not fully designed or specified (e.g.; $5,000 for
cabinets that haven’t been spec’d at the time of bid)
Processes:
¥
Contractors often cheat with allowances to look like the lower bidder. Have to take these
¥ Programming Process
out of bids so actual hard prices are being compared to determine lowest bidder.
¥ Establish Goals: What are the owner’s goals for the project
¥ Contractor
will supply a schedule of the work for the architect’s information. Don’t approve.
¥ Gather
Data:
organize
all site,schedule.
context, users/occupancy, equipment, codes,
¥ Contractor
rarely
submits
a submittal
budget,
expenses,
project
speciÞc
information
¥ Submittals that are not required by the contract
documents may be returned by the
¥
Find
Relationships:
What things go together, what issues will be critical during the
architect
without
action.
¥ Contractor
design
isn’tprocess
relieved from responsibility for deviating from the shop drawings if the
¥ Establish
most
second most, third….based on use
architect
misses aPriorities:
mistake that
isn’timportant
called outfunction,
by the contractor.
¥ Indemnification
is used
the guise
contribution/allocation
and budget
(eg: in
what’s
moreofimportanta fancy lobby,oforfault.
equipment in the lab?)
¥ Architect
will be
an
owner’s
representative
when
given
explicit
authority.
¥ State
the Problem: What needs to be answered in the design.
¥ Owner and contractor will try to communicate through the architect
¥ Architect has the authority to reject work and require to special testing/inspection
Interpreting
Existing
Conditions
and Data
¥ Archie will
interpret Site/Environmental
and decide matters concerning
performance
under and requirements
of the contract documents. Decisions will be in writing and will be fair and impartial.
¥ Subcontractors operate under the same rules and procedures as the general contractor
Vocabulary:
¥¥ General
Catchment
contract
Areas
remains
aka market,
liable to
trade,
the owner
or tributary
for subs
area:
mistakes
geographic area from which the
¥ Subs
aren’t responsible
subsIt (unless
they’re
sub-subcontractors)
participants
in an activityfor
areother
drawn.
grows and
shrinks
with the activity.
a contractor
is not paid,Areas:
they can
place a lien
thetransit
property.
They have 90 days to
¥¥ If
Residential
Catchment
determined
byon
local
systems.
a letter
to the contractor,
owner, and tests
architect,
and thenthe
30 maximum,
days to filepractically
the lien.
¥ send
Proctor
Compaction
Test: Geotechnical
to determine
¥ If the general contractor is paid and the subs file a lien, the contractor is responsible to
achievable, density of soils and aggregates.
!
!
with it.
¥ deal
Survey:
¥ Changes are modifications in the work
Baseline: parallel (line that follows latitudes of earth) used as the basis for the east‐west
¥ Change
Order (CO) is usually in writing, signed by the owner, contractor, and architect to
layout
of the
US Survey
system
say
that the
change
complies
with the design
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AREndurance STUDY
STUDY NOTES
NOTES
AREndurance
construction
+ services
programming,
programming,documents
planning,
planning,++practice
practice
¥ If owner wants a change but cant agree with the contractor, owner can give a construction
CONTENT
AREA: PROGRAMMING + ANALYSIS
change directive. The change can progress, but the price/time can be settled upon later.
¥ Architect has the authority to issue minor change in the work, that don’t affect price/time
¥ Change orders
can be additive or deductive (additive includes markup, deducts don’t)
Architectural
Programming
¥ Contractor is entitled to have a change order when the owner makes a change, there’s an
architectural mistake, or other times when the owner is responsible event.
Vocabulary:
¥ Excusable events (tornado, storm, force major events) that delay the project, but owner’s
¥ Programming Statement: states the problem. no solution or strategy given
aren’t responsible. There’s an extension of time. Cost is covered by an insurance policy.
¥¥ Design Concept: gives a physical/design solution for a problem
Inexcusable events are when the contractor is at fault and the contractor is not entitled to
¥ Functional Program: owner provided data for analysis/creation of a Facilities Program
extra time or money.
¥¥ Facilities
Program that
considers
scope,
area
andthe
adjacencies,
A cardinal Program:
change is something
an owner
doesn’t
have
theminimums
right to make
contractor do.
ballpark
costs
and site analysis
If they do,
the contractor
can terminate the contract without breach of contract
¥ Issues of delay are the biggest source of claims and fighting that goes on.
¥ Once the owner moves in at substantial completion, then the construction time has
Facts/Rules:
¥ stopped
Programming is comprised of four components:
¥ There¥isFunction:
always a trade
off between
and(what
money.
the objectives
andtime
needs
it should do)
¥ Critical¥ Form:
path through
a
project
is
the
sequence
of work that must be done in that order to
site, structure, existing components
complete
the project.
If youtoadd
a day
critical path activity, then you add a day to the
¥ Economy:
budget
build
and to
to amaintain/operate
project.
¥ Time: the schedule needed to complete the work
¥ Contractor prepare schedule of values and includes and updated copy with each pay app
¥ Contractor warrants title to the work, or freedom from liens, for all work covered on pay app
Concepts/Goals:
¥ Contractor will pay subcontractors within 7 days of receiving payment
¥¥ Programming
Þnds
theno
problems,
parts,toand
data.that
Design
solves thegets
problem.
Owner/Architect
have
responsibility
ensure
subcontractor
paid when
¥ general
Clarify the
owner’s concerns early in order to prevent major changes in the design process
does
¥ Progress
or avoid too
much/not
enough
This also then
gets everyone
on the
same page, so
payments
occur
until space
about later.
95% complete,
it’s substantial
completion
¥ Contractor
thereÕs lessprepares
conßict. punch list, architect makes an inspection and adds to it as needed
¥¥ Certificate
of finalissues,
completion
means
everythingofisfuture
done growth and changes that may take
Address current
but also
be conscious
¥ By
accepting
final
payment,
contractor
waives
all
rights
those previously made in
place after the project is complete (how would the ownerexcept
add on/remodel?)
writing
¥ Retainage is typically 10% of the contract price
Processes:
¥ Contractor is totally responsible for safety issues
¥¥ Programming Process
If contractors find hazardous materials, they’ll stop work, notifier owner/architect, get lab
¥ Establish Goals: What are the owner’s goals for the project
testing,
and the owner will hold contractor harmless.
Gather
site, posted.
context, users/occupancy, equipment, codes,
¥ Owner¥ has
the Data:
right toorganize
require aallbond
budget,
expenses,
project
speciÞc
information
¥ One year warranty to come back and fix anything
that’s broken from the date of substantial
¥
Find Relationships: What things go together, what issues will be critical during the
completion
¥ No claim
design
process
can be
made after 10 years by either party
¥ Contractor
¥ Establish
can terminate
Priorities:
withmost
7 days
important
notice. function,
Typical reason
secondismost,
for failure
third….based
to receiveon use
payment,
orbudget
the govt
shuts
down
the importantproject
and
(eg:
what’s
more
a fancy lobby, or equipment in the lab?)
¥ Owner¥ can
suspend/terminate
for needs
convince,
but
has to pay
contractor
State
the Problem: What
to be
answered
in the
design.for all work done and
paid for lost profits.
¥ 21 days written notice for claims and disputes after occurrence
Interpreting
Conditions
and Data
¥ Architect Existing
is typicallySite/Environmental
the decision maker (but
can be someone
else) when dealing with
dispute, unless owner/contractor decide to go on to mediation (then arbitration/litigation)
Vocabulary:
¥ Catchment
Areasof
aka
market, trade,
or tributary
geographic area from which the
B101:
Standard Form
Agreement
between
Owner +area:
Architect
participants
in
an
activity
are
drawn.
It
grows
and
shrinks
with
the activity.
(notes from Schiff-Hardin Lectures)
¥¥ Architecture
Residential Catchment
Areas:
by local transit systems.
agreements…by
anddetermined
for architects
¥¥ If
Proctor
Compaction
Test:
Geotechnical
tests to determine the maximum, practically
services
increase then
so should
your fees
¥ Architects
achievable,dodensity
of soils
and aggregates.
not make
guarantees
or warranties. They are professionals.
¥¥ Survey:
Scope of Architect’s Basic Services = most important article in contract
! ¥ Architect
Baseline:
parallel (line
follows
latitudes
of earth) used
asCivil
the typically
basis for isn’t)
the east‐west
is responsible
forthat
basic
services.
(Architecture,
MEP.
!
layout of the US Survey system
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AREndurance STUDY
STUDY NOTES
NOTES
AREndurance
construction
+ services
programming,
programming,documents
planning,
planning,++practice
practice
¥ Architect is entitled to rely on accuracy and completeness of services and information
CONTENT
AREA: PROGRAMMING + ANALYSIS
furnished by the owner/owner’s consultants.
¥ No Sandbagging Allowed: no sitting on incorrect information that you discover. Promptly
Architectural
Programming
notify owner
of an error or issue in writing.
¥ Architect not responsible for an owner’s decision made without architect’s approval.
Vocabulary:
Usually initiated by the contractor for cheaper substations that might not be in the best
¥ Programming
Statement: states the problem. no solution or strategy given
interest of the project.
¥¥ CanÕt
Design
gives
physical/design
solution
for a problem
beConcept:
responsible
for a
Þling
with the city/govt
because
if something is held up by them,
¥ then
Functional
Program:
provided data for analysis/creation of a Facilities Program
you could
take theowner
blame.
¥¥ During
Facilities
Program:
Program
that at
considers
minimums and
adjacencies,
schematic
design
you must
least talkscope,
aboutarea
environmentally
design
options
¥ ballpark
costs
and
site
analysis
Architect typically only gets in liability trouble in two phases: CD’s and CA.
¥ Architect has no control/responsibility over means, methods, techniques, procedures, and
Facts/Rules:
safety. Or for the contractor to be responsible for the contractor’s failure to perform the
¥ work
Programming
is comprised
four components:
in accordance
with theofcontract
documents.
¥ A site¥visit
Function:
is not athe
siteobjectives
inspection.
andVisits
needs
are
(what
eye-balling,
it shouldlooking
do)
at things in a general
¥ Form: site,
structure,
existing
components
the project is in compliance with the
fashion...making
sure
that when
fully complete
¥ Economy:
budget to build and to maintain/operate
contract
documents.
¥ Will report
¥ Time:
to owner
the schedule
any known
needed
deviations/defects
to complete thethat
work
you are aware of (no sandbagging)
¥ Architect has authority to reject work that is not in compliance with the contract documents
¥ Will review submittals for checking the conformance with information given and their
Concepts/Goals:
conceptÞnds
expressed
in the contract
documents.
¥ design
Programming
the problems,
parts, and
data. Design solves the problem.
¥¥ In
design
build,
engineers
hired
by
the
construction
team
must
prepare,
stamp,
andprocess
seal
Clarify the owner’s concerns early in order to prevent
major
changes
in the
design
documents.
You can trust
that space
their engineer
is just
capable
as yours.
or avoid too much/not
enough
later. This
alsoas
gets
everyone
on the same page, so
¥ Cost
of less
workconßict.
= total cost of project, but does not include compensation to architect or
thereÕs
consultants,
land,
etc.growth and changes that may take
¥ architects
Address current
issues,cost
but of
also
be Þnancing
consciouscosts,
of future
¥ RFIs
are
turned
around
quickly.
place after the project is complete (how would the owner add on/remodel?)
¥ Architect will conduct inspection (a painstaking, detailed analysis) to determine date of
substantial completion.
Processes:
¥¥ Final
CertiÞcate
of Payment = Project Over
Programming
Process
¥ Contractor
prepares
initialWhat
draft are
of punchlist,
andgoals
architectÕs
whatÕs missing.
¥ Establish Goals:
the owner’s
for theadds
project
¥ Prior to
the oneData:
year expiration
of site,
the date
fromusers/occupancy,
substation completion,
architect
walks the
¥ Gather
organize all
context,
equipment,
codes,
site withbudget,
owner expenses,
to review how
the facility
working, without compensation. ItÕs really a PR
project
speciÞcisinformation
move ¥toFind
get your
face
in
front
of
the
owner
Relationships: What things goagain.
together, what issues will be critical during the
¥ Additional/Optional
Services include programming, measured drawings, existing facility
design process
surveys,
civil engineering,
landscape
design, function,
BIM, LEED
certiÞcation,
FF&E...etc. on use
¥ Establish
Priorities:
most important
second
most, third….based
¥ Additional
necessary
are
your faultamust
doneorwithout
additional
andservices
budget (eg:
what’s that
more
importantfancybe
lobby,
equipment
in the lab?)
compensation.
¥ State the Problem: What needs to be answered in the design.
¥ There are limits on basic services, architect shouldÕt be penalized for faults of others (e.g.;
2 reviewsExisting
of shop drawings
are ok...any more
and you’reand
spending
Interpreting
Site/Environmental
Conditions
Data too much time dealing
with the contractor’s errors)
¥ Assumes that the owner is somewhat sophisticated. They’ll provide information architect
Vocabulary:
needs for design, including:
¥ Catchment Areas aka market, trade, or tributary area: geographic area from which the
¥ a written program.
participants in an activity are drawn. It grows and shrinks with the activity.
¥ Establish and update a project budget.
¥ Residential Catchment Areas: determined by local transit systems.
¥ Identify a representative authorized to act on the ownerÕs behalf.
¥ Proctor Compaction Test: Geotechnical tests to determine the maximum, practically
¥ Furnish surveys/geotechnical services
achievable, density of soils and aggregates.
¥ Owner will coordinate their consultants with you
¥ Survey:
¥ WonÕt sandbag you if they Þnd out something is wrong
!
Baseline: parallel (line that follows latitudes of earth) used as the basis for the east‐west
¥ Will Þll architect in on anything communicated with the contractor
!
layout of the US Survey system
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AREndurance STUDY
STUDY NOTES
NOTES
AREndurance
construction
+ services
programming,
programming,documents
planning,
planning,++practice
practice
¥ Coordinate
the architect’s
duties stated+inANALYSIS
the construction contract with what’s in the
CONTENT
AREA:
PROGRAMMING
architect/owner contracts.
¥ Architect estimates are different than contractor estimates. It’s very rough.
Architectural
Programming
¥ Surprised owners
are the number one source of claims
¥ If architect’s budget exceeds owner’s budget, the architect will make recommendations to
Vocabulary:
adjust the size/quality/budget and the owner will cooperate.
Programming
Statement:
thethen
problem.
no solutionhas
or strategy
If bids come in too
high fromstates
budget,
architect/owner
differentgiven
options. Including,
Design Concept:
a physical/design
solution for
a problem
architect
must, for gives
free, value
engineer documents
down
to make the budget. Architect
Functional
provided
dataoffor
of a Facilities Program
doesn’t
haveProgram:
to pay theowner
difference
of price
bidanalysis/creation
and budget.
Facilities Program:
Program
scope, area minimums and adjacencies,
Intellectual
Property: ideas
are that
real considers
and personal
ballpark
costs
analysis are owners of their instruments of service. Owner’s are
Architects
and and
theirsite
consultants
licensed to use the documents.
¥ Owner can only use documents for their project, if the owner doesn’t pay, then they can’t
Facts/Rules:
¥ use
Programming
is comprised
of four
components:
the drawings
under federal
copyright
law.
¥ If owner
¥ Function:
uses drawings
the objectives
without you,
and(e.g.
needs
Terminates
(what it should
architect
do)but gives the documents to
¥ Form: site,
structure,
existing
the contractor
to build
from) then
theycomponents
indemnify/hold architect harmless from any liability
budget
to build
and
to arise
maintain/operate
issues,¥ Economy:
and must pay
any legal
fees
that
from the use of the documents.
¥ Architect/owner
¥ Time: thewaive
schedule
consequential
needed todamages
completeor
the
remote
work damages that arise.
¥ Mediation required prior to arbitration or litigation
¥ Mediation fees shared equally
Concepts/Goals:
¥ Held inÞnds
placethe
where
projectparts,
is located
unlessDesign
agreedsolves
upon the problem.
¥ Programming
problems,
and data.
Resolutions
are
enforceable
as
settlement
agreements
¥ Clarify¥ the
owner’s concerns early in order to prevent major changes in the design process
¥ Arbitration
used when
mediation
does
notThis
resolve
or avoid too– much/not
enough
space
later.
alsoissue
gets everyone on the same page, so
Demand
for arbitration cannot occur after legal proceedings have been started
thereÕs¥ less
conßict.
¥ Arbitration
relatesbut
to also
owner
architect
under
terms
agreement
¥ Address
current issues,
beand
conscious
of only
future
growth
andofchanges
that may take
¥
Award
rendered
by
arbitrator
is
Þnal
place after the project is complete (how would the owner add on/remodel?)
¥ Agreement governed by law in the principal place of business of the architect unless
otherwise indicated
Processes:
¥¥ No
responsibility
for hazardous materials
Programming
Process
¥ Owner¥ will
give
professional
credit
architect
owner’s
promotional
Establish Goals: What
areto
the
owner’son
goals
for the
project materials for project
¥ Termination/Suspension:
¥ Gather Data: organize all site, context, users/occupancy, equipment, codes,
¥ Owner
to payproject
is cause
for suspension
budget,failure
expenses,
speciÞc
information
¥¥ Owner
can
suspend
for
their
conveniences,
without
Architect
can’tduring the
Find Relationships: What things go together,
what cause.
issues will
be critical
¥ Architect
to
provide
7
days
written
notice
design process
¥¥ Before
resuming
services
shall
be paid
all sums
due&
expenses for
Establish
Priorities:
mostarchitect
important
function,
second
most,
third….based
on use
interruption
resumption
of work
and budget &
(eg:
what’s more
important- a fancy lobby, or equipment in the lab?)
¥¥ If
project
more needs
than 30
by ownerinarchitect
is due compensation for
State
thesuspended
Problem: What
todays
be answered
the design.
all services performed prior to suspension
¥
expenses: expenses Conditions
due to the termination
InterpretingTermination
Existing Site/Environmental
and Dataof the project for which
architect is not otherwise compensated + amount for anticipated proÞt on the value
of services not performed by the architect (almost always taken out by owners
Vocabulary:
during their review)
¥¥ Catchment Areas aka market, trade, or tributary area: geographic area from which the
No third party that will invest rights in the project.
in an activity are drawn. It grows and shrinks with the activity.
¥ participants
Architect has right to use photos/representations of their work for marketing
¥¥ Residential Catchment Areas: determined by local transit systems.
Compensation type (lump sum, hourly, %) is deÞned & breakout of project phase % given
¥¥ Proctor Compaction Test: Geotechnical tests to determine the maximum, practically
If owner Þres architect midstream and tries to keep using the documents with a different
achievable, density of soils and aggregates.
architect (cheeper, etc) then the owner will pay a licensing fee.
¥¥ Survey:
Owner won’t withhold amounts from architect’s compensation unless architect is liable
! ¥ Baseline: parallel (line that follows latitudes of earth) used as the basis for the east‐west
This is a total agreement and supersedes any previous agreement.
!
layout of the US Survey system
¥
¥
¥
¥
¥
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AREndurance STUDY
STUDY NOTES
NOTES
AREndurance
construction
+ services
programming,
programming,documents
planning,
planning,++practice
practice
CONTENT AREA: PROGRAMMING + ANALYSIS
C141: Standard Form of Agreement Between Architect & Consultant
¥ Consultants are responsible for code compliance for their areas of work
Architectural
¥ Signing of Programming
documents makes consultant responsible for compliance with applicable codes
and regulation
¥ Consultants are responsible for the accurate production of their own drawings and
Vocabulary:
¥ Programming
Statement:
the problem.
solution or strategy given
speciÞcations; should
checkstates
own documents
forno
consistency
¥ Design Concept: gives a physical/design solution for a problem
¥ Functional
Program: owner provided data for analysis/creation of a Facilities Program
Processes:
None
¥ Facilities Program: Program that considers scope, area minimums and adjacencies,
ballpark costs and site analysis
Construction Procurement Process
Facts/Rules:
Vocabulary:
Noneis comprised of four components:
¥ Programming
¥ Function: the objectives and needs (what it should do)
¥ Form: site, structure, existing components
Facts/Rules:
¥ Economy:
budget
to build andDelivery
to maintain/operate
¥ Design
– Bid – Build
Construction
Method:
¥ Time:
the
schedule
needed
to
complete
the work
¥ Most
common of delivery methodsÉ public work
traditionally uses this method
¥ Consists of three parties: owner, architect ,and contractor
¥ Two separate contracts: owner + architect and owner + builder
Concepts/Goals:
¥ Programming
¥ EstablishedÞnds
process
the problems,
with legal and
parts,
procedural
and data.guidelines
Design solves the problem.
¥ Clarify
¥ Typically
the owner’s
involves
concerns
competitively
early in
bid,
order
lumptosum
prevent
construction
major changes
contracts
in the
based
design
on process
or avoid
complete
too much/not
and prescriptive
enoughcontract
space later.
documents
This also gets everyone on the same page, so
¥ Workless
is conducted
thereÕs
conßict. in a linear sequence
¥ Address
¥ Final contractor
current issues,
selection
but also
based
be on
conscious
lowest responsible
of future growth
bid orand
totalchanges
contractthat
price
may take
¥ place
Design
after
– Build
the project
Construction
is complete
Delivery
(how would
Method:
the owner add on/remodel?)
¥ Two parties: owner and designer‐builder
¥ Consolidated entity provides design and construction services to the owner
Processes:
¥ Offers the
owner a single source of responsibility
¥ Programming
Process
¥ Provides
continuous
execution
design
andgoals
construction
¥ Establish
Goals:
What areofthe
owner’s
for the project
¥ Phases
overlap
– design
and
track)
¥ Gather
Data:
organize
allbuild
site, (fast
context,
users/occupancy, equipment, codes,
¥ There
is onlyexpenses,
one contract:
between
owner
+ design‐build organization
budget,
project
speciÞc
information
¥ Design‐build
entity can beWhat
lead by
either
architect
general
contractor
(though
typically
¥ Find Relationships:
things go together,orwhat
issues
will be critical
during
the
itÕs led
by the
contractor)
design
process
¥ Construction
Management
¥ Establish
Priorities: Construction
most importantDelivery
function,Method
second most, third….based on use
¥ Three
parties:
owner,
designer,
construction
manager
and
budget
(eg: what’s
more
important- a
fancy lobby, or equipment in the lab?)
¥ Two
contracts
owner
architect
andanswered
owner + construction
¥ State
the issued:
Problem:
What+ needs
to be
in the design.manager
¥ Construction manager typically provides pre-construction services during the design
phaseExisting
then takesSite/Environmental
on the Þnancial obligation
for construction
under a speciÞed cost
Interpreting
Conditions
and Data
agreement
¥ Frequently based on a guaranteed maximum price
Vocabulary:
¥ Construction manager contracts with subcontractors
¥ Catchment Areas aka market, trade, or tributary area: geographic area from which the
¥ No contractual relationship between the designer and construction manager
participants in an activity are drawn. It grows and shrinks with the activity.
¥ Phases will often overlap, allowing for fast track project
¥ Residential Catchment Areas: determined by local transit systems.
¥ Proctor Compaction Test: Geotechnical tests to determine the maximum, practically
Concepts/Goals:
None of soils and aggregates.
achievable, density
¥ Survey:
!
Baseline: parallel (line that follows latitudes of earth) used as the basis for the east‐west
!
layout of the US Survey system
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created01.2012
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@jennypdx
AREndurance STUDY
STUDY NOTES
NOTES
AREndurance
construction
+ services
programming,
programming,documents
planning,
planning,++practice
practice
Processes:
CONTENT AREA: PROGRAMMING + ANALYSIS
¥ Contractor Selection Approaches are typically based on price, qualiÞcation or a
combination of the two. Depending on the owner and what kind of funding they have (loan,
Architectural
grant, etc) Programming
contractors can be selected through various methods:
¥ Request for QualiÞcations (RFQ): no bid or price given to complete work, just
Vocabulary:
experience
¥
¥
¥
¥
Programming
Statement:
states
the problem.
solution
strategy
given submitted
¥ Request for Proposal
(RFP):
presentation
onno
how
projectorwould
be done
Design
Concept:
givesbidders
a physical/design solution for a problem
¥ Interviews
to review
Functional
Program:
provided
data for analysis/creation of a Facilities Program
¥ Negotiation
to settleowner
on contract
price
Facilities
Program:
Program
that
considers
scope,
area minimums
and adjacencies,
¥ Low-Bid:
Based only on the lowest total cost
(sometime
with alternates)
ballpark
costs
and
site
analysis
¥ Best Value Bid: based on weighing bid and qualiÞcations
Facts/Rules:
Risk Management + Legal Issues Pertaining to Practice + Contracts
¥ Programming is comprised of four components:
¥ Function: the objectives and needs (what it should do)
Vocabulary:
¥ Form: site, structure, existing components
¥ Mediation:
not legally
binding.
Use
of to
a mediator
to reach agreement between each party
¥ Economy:
budget
to build
and
maintain/operate
¥ Arbitration:
legal
technique
for
the
resolution
of
disputes
¥ Time: the schedule needed to complete the work outside the courts. It’s a form of
binding dispute resolution, equivalent to litigation in the courts.
¥ Litigation: conßicts/disputes that are resolved in a court of law. Typically a last option.
Concepts/Goals:
¥ Subrogation: legal technique where an insure takes over for a party for whom it has made
¥ Programming Þnds the problems, parts, and data. Design solves the problem.
a payment. (e.g. damage to a property under construction caused by a subcontractor is
¥ Clarify the owner’s concerns early in order to prevent major changes in the design process
covered by insurance who then sues subcontractor in the owner’s name)
or avoid too much/not enough space later. This also gets everyone on the same page, so
thereÕs less conßict.
Facts/Rules:
¥ Address current issues, but also be conscious of future growth and changes that may take
¥ Architects
cary is
multiple
types
of insurance
theiradd
protection.
place aftershould
the project
complete
(how
would the for
owner
on/remodel?)
¥ More than the required minimum insurance may be needed for a job. Anything extra is
noted in the supplemental conditions
Processes:
¥ Types of Insurance include:
¥ Programming
Process
¥ Professional
Liability: Held by architects/design professionals. Liability due to
¥
Establish
Goals:
Whatthe
arestandard
the owner’s
goals
for the project
negligence or not
meeting
of care
expected
of them. (eg: not designing
¥
Gather
Data:
organize
all
site,
context,
users/occupancy,
equipment, codes,
ADA compliant restrooms in a public building)
budget,
expenses,
project
speciÞc
information
¥ Workers Comp: Held by almost everyone. Liability to employees for injury or sickness
Relationships:
What things go together, what issues will be critical during the
as¥ aFind
result
of their employment.
¥ Property/Builders
design process Risk: Held by owner. Covers any damages, loss of work on site/
off¥ site/in
transit.
Establish
Priorities: most important function, second most, third….based on use
¥ Loss
ofbudget
Use: Held
owner.
Covers
any financial
due
delay in construction
and
(eg:by
what’s
more
importanta fancy loss
lobby,
or to
equipment
in the lab?)
because
damage,
accidents,
fire,
other
hazards
needed
to
be
dealt
with.
¥ Stateof
the Problem: What needs to be answered in the design.
¥ Product & Completed Operations: held by contractor. Liability for damages caused
by installed goods after the construction phase and transfer of title.
Interpreting
Existing Site/Environmental
Datawhere contractors agree
¥ Contractual/Indemnification:
LiabilityConditions
assumed byand
contract
to hold owners/architects harmless for damages that are the result of specific events.
¥ The owner can require the contractor to submit a certificate of insurance with a bid to prove
Vocabulary:
insurance
he carries
and what
hisor
limits
are. area: geographic area from which the
¥ what
Catchment
Areas
aka market,
trade,
tributary
¥ NO
SUBROGATION.
Owner/Contractor
should
keep
this provision
in the AIA 201
participants
in an activity
are drawn. It grows
and
shrinks
with the activity.
so
the
insurance
company,
after
paying
out,
can
put
themselves
in the shoes of
¥ document,
Residential Catchment Areas: determined by local transit systems.
their
client
and
go
after
whoever
might
be
responsible
for
the
damage
that’s
otherwise “No¥ Proctor Compaction Test: Geotechnical tests to determine the maximum, practically
Fault”.
You
don’t
want
the
owner’s
insurance
company
going
after
the
contractor
if there’s
achievable, density of soils and aggregates.
some sort of freak fire in the middle of the night that could somehow be tied back to him.
¥ Survey:
!
Baseline: parallel (line that follows latitudes of earth) used as the basis for the east‐west
!
layout of the US Survey system
page 57
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AREndurance STUDY
STUDY NOTES
NOTES
AREndurance
construction
+ services
programming,
programming,documents
planning,
planning,++practice
practice
Concepts/Goals:
CONTENT AREA: PROGRAMMING + ANALYSIS
¥ AIA Ethical Standards
¥ Code applies to all AIA members regardless of membership category
Architectural
¥ CommonProgramming
ethics violations:
¥ Attribution of credit
Vocabulary:
¥ Accurate representation of qualiÞcations
¥ Programming
states
the problem.
no solution or strategy given
¥ Attainment Statement:
and provision
of examples
of work
¥ Design
Concept:
a physical/design
¥ Basic
honesty gives
Penalties
for Violations:solution for a problem
¥ Functional
Program:
owner
provided
datasent
for analysis/creation
a Facilities
Program Þle
¥ Admonition
(private)
Ð letter
of ruling
to the parties andofkept
in the memberÕs
¥ Facilities
Program:
Program
that
considers
scope,
area
minimums
and
adjacencies,
¥ Censure
(public) Ð letter is sent and notiÞcation of the case and ruling is published to
ballpark
and site analysis
AIAcosts
membership
¥ Suspension of membership – membership is suspended for period of time; 1 or 2
Facts/Rules:
years & ruling is published
¥ Programming
is comprised
of four–components:
¥ Termination
of membership
membership is terminated & ruling is published
¥ Function: the objectives and needs (what it should do)
Processes:¥ Form:
None site, structure, existing components
¥ Economy: budget to build and to maintain/operate
¥ Time: the schedule needed to complete the work
Concepts/Goals:
¥ Programming Þnds the problems, parts, and data. Design solves the problem.
¥ Clarify the owner’s concerns early in order to prevent major changes in the design process
or avoid too much/not enough space later. This also gets everyone on the same page, so
thereÕs less conßict.
¥ Address current issues, but also be conscious of future growth and changes that may take
place after the project is complete (how would the owner add on/remodel?)
Processes:
¥ Programming Process
¥ Establish Goals: What are the owner’s goals for the project
¥ Gather Data: organize all site, context, users/occupancy, equipment, codes,
budget, expenses, project speciÞc information
¥ Find Relationships: What things go together, what issues will be critical during the
design process
¥ Establish Priorities: most important function, second most, third….based on use
and budget (eg: what’s more important- a fancy lobby, or equipment in the lab?)
¥ State the Problem: What needs to be answered in the design.
Interpreting Existing Site/Environmental Conditions and Data
Vocabulary:
¥ Catchment Areas aka market, trade, or tributary area: geographic area from which the
participants in an activity are drawn. It grows and shrinks with the activity.
¥ Residential Catchment Areas: determined by local transit systems.
¥ Proctor Compaction Test: Geotechnical tests to determine the maximum, practically
achievable, density of soils and aggregates.
!
!
¥ Survey:
Baseline: parallel (line that follows latitudes of earth) used as the basis for the east‐west
layout of the US Survey system
page 58
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61::::created
created01.2012
01.2012::::are
are4.0
4.0::::organized
organizedbybyjenny
jennyc c.
- twitter/areforum
- twitter/areforum
@jennypdx
@jennypdx
AREndurance STUDY
STUDY NOTES
NOTES
AREndurance
construction
+ services
programming,
programming,documents
planning,
planning,++practice
practice
CONTENT AREA: SITE
PROGRAMMING
ZONING VIGNETTE
+ ANALYSIS
Architectural
Steps
For Completion
Programming
!
Vocabulary:
Site
Plan
Programming
Statement: states
the program
problem.on
nopaper.
solution
or strategy
given
Write down all requirements
from the
Note
setbacks,
easements,
Design Concept:
gives ainstructions
physical/design solution for a problem
heights,
and any special
Functional
Turn
on GridProgram: owner provided data for analysis/creation of a Facilities Program
Facilities
Program:
Turn
on Full
Cursor Program that considers scope, area minimums and adjacencies,
ballpark
costs
site analysis
Sketch all site and
setback
lines: front, rear, sides
Sketch any non-linear high water/curved setback requirements with a series of circles
Facts/Rules:
with a radius of the required setback. Place the center of the circle on the line, and
¥ draw
Programming
is comprised
of four
components:
all setback
lines tangent
to the
edges of the circles.
¥ Draw Surface
¥ Function:
Improvements
the objectives
(blue)
and needs (what it should do)
¥ Sketch¥ Form:
all building
site, setback
structure,
lines:
existing
front,components
rear, sides, easements
¥ Draw Buildable
¥ Economy:
area
budget
(yellow)
to build and to maintain/operate
Time:
needed to complete
the work
¥ Verify ¥all
lines the
withschedule
the requirements...just
to be safe.
¥
¥
¥
¥
¥
¥
Concepts/Goals:
Section
¥
¥
¥
¥
¥
¥
¥
Locate the section
Programming
Þndscut
theline
problems, parts, and data. Design solves the problem.
Clarify the
Sketch
vertical
owner’s
linesconcerns
down from
early
where
in order
contours
to prevent
intersect
major
thechanges
section line
in the design process
Locate
or avoidbenchmark
too much/not enough space later. This also gets everyone on the same page, so
Draw
proÞle from labeled heights of contours. Note any swales or ridges.
thereÕsgrade
less conßict.
Addressany
Sketch
current
limits,issues,
including
but max
also height,
be conscious
anglesof
orfuture
offsetsgrowth
from edges
and changes
of property
that may take
Draw
not draw(how
a proÞle
linethe
along
topadd
of the
grade.
place building
after theproÞle.
project Do
is complete
would
owner
on/remodel?)
Verify all lines with the requirements...is the building proÞle cut in the right spot?
Processes:
Tips¥ Programming Process
¥ Establish Goals: What are the owner’s goals for the project
¥ Gather
¥ Use the
grid Data: organize all site, context, users/occupancy, equipment, codes,
budget,
expenses, project speciÞc information
¥ Use the full cursor
¥
Findand
Relationships:
things go
together,
what
¥ Verify math
double checkWhat
dimensions
with
measure
toolissues will be critical during the
design
process
¥ Verify scales of grids...vertical and horizontal might be different
¥ Establish
most
important
function,
most, third….based
on use
¥ Get dimensions
asPriorities:
accurate as
possible.
If lines
won’tsecond
snap directly
in the correct spot,
andminimum
budget (eg:
more
importanta fancythan
lobby,
equipment
in the lab?)
err on the
andwhat’s
make the
line
slightly smaller
theormaximum
requirement
¥
State
the line
Problem:
Whatdirectly
needs to
to the
be answered
in itthe
design.
¥ If building
proÞle
wonÕt snap
grade, take
one
click past the line into
the ground
Interpreting
Existing
Site/Environmental
Conditions
and
Data (e.g. If you can’t get
¥ If the angled
line won’t
work out exactly, make
it within .05
degrees
a 30° line, try for a 29.99°)
Vocabulary:
¥ Catchment Areas aka market, trade, or tributary area: geographic area from which the
participants in an activity are drawn. It grows and shrinks with the activity.
¥ Residential Catchment Areas: determined by local transit systems.
¥ Proctor Compaction Test: Geotechnical tests to determine the maximum, practically
achievable, density of soils and aggregates.
!
!
¥ Survey:
Baseline: parallel (line that follows latitudes of earth) used as the basis for the east‐west
layout of the US Survey system
page 59
1 ofof61
61::::created
created01.2012
01.2012::::are
are4.0
4.0::::organized
organizedbybyjenny
jennyc c- -twitter/areforum
twitter/areforum@jennypdx
@jennypdx
AREndurance STUDY
STUDY NOTES
NOTES
AREndurance
construction
+ services
programming,
programming,documents
planning,
planning,++practice
practice
CONTENT AREA: PROGRAMMING + ANALYSIS
REFERENCES
Architectural Programming
areforum.org + other websites
Vocabulary:
PPP¥ Study
Notes 1 -Statement:
5 by forum member
and
ALS Pre-Design
Programming
states theare3.1to4.0
problem. no
solution
or strategyNotes
given
! ¥ Design
http://www.areforum.org/forums/showthread.php?t=184223
Concept: gives a physical/design solution for a problem
¥ Functional Program: owner provided data for analysis/creation of a Facilities Program
Rich’s
CD StudyProgram:
Notes on FTP
site that considers scope, area minimums and adjacencies,
¥ Facilities
Program
!
http://www.areforum.org/up/Pre-Design/rich’s
historic preservation study notes.doc
ballpark
costs and site analysis
Rich’s Historic Preservation Study Notes on FTP site
Facts/Rules:
!
http://www.areforum.org/up/ConstructionDocumentsanandServices/Rich’sCDStudyNotes.pdf
¥ Programming
is comprised of four components:
¥ Function: the objectives and needs (what it should do)
PD gross Floor
Areasite,
document
on existing
FTP sitecomponents
¥ Form:
structure,
!
http://www.areforum.org/up/Pre-Design/PD_grossFlooArea.doc
¥ Economy: budget to build and to maintain/operate
¥ Time: the schedule needed to complete the work
Piles and Caissons by Architecture 365 Days A Year.
!Concepts/Goals:
http://architecture365.blogspot.com/2010/04/piles-and-caissons.html
¥ Programming Þnds the problems, parts, and data. Design solves the problem.
Lead
in Paint,
and concerns
Soils by United
Protection
¥ Clarify
theDust,
owner’s
early inStates
orderEnvironmental
to prevent major
changesAgency
in the design process
!
http://www.epa.gov/lead/
or avoid too much/not enough space later. This also gets everyone on the same page, so
thereÕs less conßict.
Fair¥ Housing/Equal
Opportunity
USbe
Department
and Urban
Development
Address current
issues, butby
also
conscious of
of Housing
future growth
and changes
that may take
!
http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_ofÞces/fair_housing_equal_pop
place after the project is complete (how would the owner add on/remodel?)
Activity
Based Costing in Project Management by Project Management Student
Processes:
http://pmstudent.com/activity-based-costing-in-project-management/
¥ Programming Process
¥ Establish Goals: What are the owner’s goals for the project
What is the¥ Flame
Surfaces
GatherSpread
Data: Rating?
organizeby
allAcoustical
site, context,
users/occupancy, equipment, codes,
http://www.acousticalsurfaces.com/soundprooÞng_tips/html/ßame_spread.htm
budget, expenses, project speciÞc information
¥ Find Relationships: What things go together, what issues will be critical during the
SchiffHardin design
LLP Professional
process Practice Lectures on A201 and B101
http://www.schiffhardin.com/design-build/lecture-notes/architecture-544---spring-2011
¥ Establish Priorities: most important function, second most, third….based on use
texts
and budget (eg: what’s more important- a fancy lobby, or equipment in the lab?)
¥ State the Problem: What needs to be answered in the design.
American
National
Standard.
Accessible and Usable
Buildings
andData
Facilities 2003. (ICC/ANSI
Interpreting
Existing
Site/Environmental
Conditions
and
A117.1-2003)
Vocabulary:
Brenner,
Diana M.H.
ÒFurniture,
Furnishings,
Equipment
Excerpt
fromwhich
The the
¥ Catchment
Areas
aka market,
trade, orand
tributary
area:ServicesÓ.
geographic
area from
Architect’s
Handbook
of
Professional
Practice.
2006.
participants in an activity are drawn. It grows and shrinks with the activity.
¥ Residential Catchment Areas: determined by local transit systems.
Burley,
RobertCompaction
and Dan Peterson.
ÒHistoric PreservationÓ
Excerpt from
The Architect’s
¥ Proctor
Test: Geotechnical
tests to determine
the maximum,
practically
Handbook
of
Professional
Practice,
13th
Edition.
2000.
achievable, density of soils and aggregates.
¥ Survey:
Ching,
Francis
D.K.
And Steven
R Winkle.
Building of
Codes
A Guide
!
Baseline:
parallel
(line that
follows latitudes
earth)Illustrated
used as the
basistoforUnderstanding
the east‐west
the
International
Building
Code.
2003.
!
layout of the US Survey system
page 60
1 ofof61
61::::created
created01.2012
01.2012::::are
are4.0
4.0::::organized
organizedbybyjenny
jennyc c.
- twitter/areforum
- twitter/areforum
@jennypdx
@jennypdx
AREndurance STUDY
STUDY NOTES
NOTES
AREndurance
construction
+ services
programming,
programming,documents
planning,
planning,++practice
practice
CONTENT AREA: PROGRAMMING + ANALYSIS
Salmen, John. “Accessibility Compliance”. Excerpt from The Architect’s Handbook of
Professional Practice, 13th Edition. 2000.
Architectural Programming
Siegel, Henry, et al. “12.7 Sustainable Design”. The Architect’s Handbook of Professional
Vocabulary:
Practice Fourteenth Edition. 2008
¥ Programming Statement: states the problem. no solution or strategy given
¥ Design
Concept:
a physical/design
solution for aThe
problem
Towny,
Timothy
R “16.3 gives
Project
Design Team Agreements”.
Architect’s Handbook of
¥ Functional
Program:
provided
data for
analysis/creation of a Facilities Program
Professional
Practiceowner
Fourteenth
Edition.
2008
¥ Facilities Program: Program that considers scope, area minimums and adjacencies,
ballpark costs and site analysis
Facts/Rules:
¥ Programming is comprised of four components:
¥ Function: the objectives and needs (what it should do)
¥ Form: site, structure, existing components
¥ Economy: budget to build and to maintain/operate
¥ Time: the schedule needed to complete the work
Concepts/Goals:
¥ Programming Þnds the problems, parts, and data. Design solves the problem.
¥ Clarify the owner’s concerns early in order to prevent major changes in the design process
or avoid too much/not enough space later. This also gets everyone on the same page, so
thereÕs less conßict.
¥ Address current issues, but also be conscious of future growth and changes that may take
place after the project is complete (how would the owner add on/remodel?)
Processes:
¥ Programming Process
¥ Establish Goals: What are the owner’s goals for the project
¥ Gather Data: organize all site, context, users/occupancy, equipment, codes,
budget, expenses, project speciÞc information
¥ Find Relationships: What things go together, what issues will be critical during the
design process
¥ Establish Priorities: most important function, second most, third….based on use
and budget (eg: what’s more important- a fancy lobby, or equipment in the lab?)
¥ State the Problem: What needs to be answered in the design.
Interpreting Existing Site/Environmental Conditions and Data
Vocabulary:
¥ Catchment Areas aka market, trade, or tributary area: geographic area from which the
participants in an activity are drawn. It grows and shrinks with the activity.
¥ Residential Catchment Areas: determined by local transit systems.
¥ Proctor Compaction Test: Geotechnical tests to determine the maximum, practically
achievable, density of soils and aggregates.
!
!
¥ Survey:
Baseline: parallel (line that follows latitudes of earth) used as the basis for the east‐west
layout of the US Survey system
page 61
1 ofof61
61::::created
created01.2012
01.2012::::are
are4.0
4.0::::organized
organizedbybyjenny
jennyc c- -twitter/areforum
twitter/areforum@jennypdx
@jennypdx