Respiratory physiology.notebook April 16, 2012 Asthma 1 Respiratory physiology.notebook April 16, 2012 Respiratory Physiology 3 Steps of Respiration Pulmonary ventilationbreathing Gas exchangediffusion Gas transportmovement in blood 2 Respiratory physiology.notebook April 16, 2012 1. Pulmonary Ventilation Inspirationmovement of air into lungs Expirationmovement of air out of lungs 3 Respiratory physiology.notebook April 16, 2012 Air Pressure Air flows from high pressure to low pressure 4 Respiratory physiology.notebook April 16, 2012 Diaphragm Muscle that separates the thoracic cavity (chest) from the abdominopelvic cavity (guts) Lungs "stick" to the inner wall of the chest (pleural cavity) and the diaphragm 5 Respiratory physiology.notebook April 16, 2012 Pleural Cavity 6 Respiratory physiology.notebook April 16, 2012 Expansion & contraction of the chest affects the volume of the lungs 7 Respiratory physiology.notebook April 16, 2012 Inspiration rib cage moves up and out diaphragm contracts (flattens down) air pressure inside lungs decreases atmospheric pressure pushes air into lungs more volume in lungs... alveoli surfactants (wetting agents) decrease surface tension 8 Respiratory physiology.notebook April 16, 2012 Expiration rib cage relaxes diaphragm relaxes (domes up) air pressure inside lungs increases air flows out of lungs What happens to the volume of the lungs? 9 Respiratory physiology.notebook April 16, 2012 Pressure Gradients http://wps.aw.com/bc_martini_eap_4/40/10468/2679995.cw/index.html 10 Respiratory physiology.notebook April 16, 2012 11 Respiratory physiology.notebook April 16, 2012 Respiratory Physiology 3 Steps of Respiration 1.Pulmonary ventilationbreathing 2.Gas exchangediffusion 3.Gas transportmovement in blood 12 Respiratory physiology.notebook April 16, 2012 2. Gas Exchange respiratory membranealveoli, epithelium, and capillaries Gas exchange depends on 1. partial pressure of the CO2 and O2 2. diffusion between gas and liquid 13 Respiratory physiology.notebook April 16, 2012 http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/anatomyvideos/000059.htm https://webmail.wwp.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=729c4d6276864f0f81aee4a69fb10e9d&URL=http% 3a%2f%2fwww.youtube.com%2fwatch%3fv%3dvu_ONM3Bj9A 14 Respiratory physiology.notebook April 16, 2012 3. Gas Transport Most oxygen is carried by red blood cells. 15 Respiratory physiology.notebook April 16, 2012 Oxygen Transport *1.5% oxygen molecules dissolved in blood *98.5% oxygen molecules bound to hemoglobin RBC release oxygen in response to changes in the partial pressure of surrounding plasma Hb will also release additional oxygen if pH decreases temp increases http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WXOBJEXxNEo 16 Respiratory physiology.notebook April 16, 2012 Transporting CO2 Carbon dioxide is carried away from cells 1. in plasma as a. CO2 (7%) b. HCO3 (70%) 2. in hemoglobin of red blood cells (23%) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x26TWL3VKMg 17 Respiratory physiology.notebook April 16, 2012 Carbon Monoxide Poisoning! Where does CO come from? What are some characteristics of CO that make it so dangerous? Why is it so dangerous? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wKIrbq2pWvw&feature=related 18 Respiratory physiology.notebook April 16, 2012 Lung Capacity Lab! 19 Respiratory physiology.notebook April 16, 2012 Lung Volumes ������� 20 Respiratory physiology.notebook April 16, 2012 Control of Breathing The body need to balance the amounts of O taken 2 in and CO excreted 2 Breathing is normally a rhythmic involuntary act 21 Respiratory physiology.notebook April 16, 2012 Control of Breathing Involuntary respiratory centers = medulla oblongata and pons dorsal respiratory groupcontrols inspiration (diaphragm and external intercostals) ventral respiratory group only used when more forceful breathing is needed Voluntary respiratory center = cerebral cortex (talking, singing, controlled breathing) 22 Respiratory physiology.notebook April 16, 2012 Control of Breathing the Receptors Two types of receptors monitor breathing: mechanoreceptors chemoreceptors 23 Respiratory physiology.notebook April 16, 2012 The mechanoreceptors these respond to changes in: volume of lungs changes in arterial BP Inflation reflex prevents the lungs from overexpanding during forced breathing Deflation Reflex inhibits the expiratory center and stimulates the inspiratory center when the lungs are collapsing Baroreceptors (carotid and aortic) send feedback about BP 24 Respiratory physiology.notebook April 16, 2012 The Chemoreceptors chemoreceptorsdetect changes in blood H+ and CO2 concentration (stimulate breathing if these increase) Carbon dioxide levels have a more powerful effect on respiratory activity than oxygen levels. So, it is CARBON DIOXIDE levels that regulate respiratory activity! Oxygen receptors are the backup. 25
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