Ecology HW
Name:
1.
2.
3.
Date:
The study of the interrelationships of plants and
animals and their interaction with the physical
environment is known as
A.
evolution
B.
C.
anatomy
D. taxonomy
5.
ecology
habitat
B.
C.
niche
D. environment
6.
nutrition
The major environmental factor limiting the
presence of numerous autotrophs at great depths in
the ocean is the
A.
type of substratum
B.
amount of light
C.
availability of minerals
A.
primary consumers
B.
secondary consumers
C.
saprophytes
D. carnivores
An earthworm lives and reproduces in the soil.
It aerates the soil and adds organic material to
it. Together these statements best describe an
earthworm's
A.
If algal growth in a lake increases, which
organisms will be most immediately a ected?
Two di erent species with the same ecological
niche are placed in the same habitat. These two
species will most likely
A.
have di erent food requirements
B.
compete for the same environmental resources
C.
coexist successfully in the same habitat
D. interbreed and produce hybrid o spring
7.
A cycling of materials is represented in the
diagram shown. Which statement is supported by
events shown in the diagram?
D. absence of biotic factors
4.
The cormorant and shag are two sh-eating,
cli -nesting birds that are both able to live in the
same area because they are able to occupy
A.
the same habitat and same niche
B.
the same niche, but di erent habitats
C.
the same habitat, but di erent niches
A.
Materials are cycled between living organisms,
only.
B.
Materials are cycled between heterotrophic
organisms, only
C.
Materials are cycled between the living and
nonliving components of the environment.
D. neither the same habitat nor the same niche.
D. Materials are cycled between the physical
factors of the environment by the processes of
condensation and evaporation.
page 1
8.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on
the diagrams below of four stages of a biological
process and on your knowledge of biology.
11.
The cattle in the diagram represent
A.
primary consumers
B.
secondary consumers
C.
producers
D. autotrophs
Stage IV will persist until it is altered by
A.
the growth in diameter
B.
a major change in an abiotic factor
C.
the reappearance of lichens and mosses
12.
The diagram shown represents a food pyramid of
organisms inhabiting a pond.
D. seasonal dieback of vegetation
9.
10.
The large amount of salt in the air and water of
coastal areas determines which species can exist
there. In these areas, the salt functions as a
At which level of the food pyramid is the smallest
percentage of total stored energy found?
A.
source of energy
B.
A.
C.
food source
D. limiting factor
biotic factor
13.
The diagram shown represents four possible
pathways for the transfer of energy stored by green
plants.
A
B.
B
C.
C
D. D
Which sequence of organisms best represents the
ow of energy in an ecosystem?
A.
autotrophs ! herbivores ! carnivores
B.
secondary consumers ! producers !
heterotrophs
C.
carnivores ! deocmposers ! producers
D. consumers ! heterotrophs ! saprophytes
14.
The pathway labeled IV represents
A snapping turtle will kill animals for food, as
well as feed on dead organisms. The snapping
turtle is considered both a
A.
a food chain
B.
a population
A.
saprophyte and a herbivore
C.
an ecosystem
D. an abiotic factor
B.
scavenger and a herbivore
C.
predator and a scavenger
D. predator and an omnivore
page 2
Ecology HW
15.
In which zone does the greatest amount of food
production occur?
A.
A
B.
B
C.
16.
D. D
C
Which statement best describes energy transfer in
a food chain?
A.
Energy is transferred to consumers, which
convert it into nitrogen and use it to make
amino acids.
B.
Energy from producers is converted into
oxygen and transferred to consumers.
C.
Energy from the sun is stored by green plants
and transferred to consumers.
D. Energy is transferred to consumers, which use
it to produce food.
17.
The sequence A through E represents stages of ecological succession in a given area.
In this sequence, which diagram represents a climax stage?
A.
18.
E
B.
C.
B
Which is the usual sequence for ecological
succession starting on the surface of bare rock?
A.
shrubs, lichens, conifers, deciduous trees,
grass
B.
grass, shrubs, lichens, deciduous trees,
conifers
C.
conifers, grass, lichens, shrubs, deciduous
trees
19.
D. D
C
In a given location, the replacement of one
community by another until a climax stage is
reached is referred to as
A.
ecological succession
B.
modern evolution
C.
energy cycling
D. a food pyramid
D. lichens, grass, shrubs, conifers, deciduous
trees
page 3
Ecology HW
20.
The type of climax vegetation that becomes
established in an area depends upon the
A.
rate of photosynthesis in autotrophs
B.
number of carnivore present
C.
climatic conditions present
24.
D. concentration of nitrogen in the air
21.
Which statement best describes a climax
community?
A.
It contains only plant populations.
B.
Major climate changes will not alter it.
C.
It changes rapidly.
25.
A climax community is able to exist in a certain
geographic region for a long period of time
because it
A.
provides a habitat for parasites
B.
alters the climate of the geographic region
C.
attracts many pioneer organisms
A.
Carnivore biomass is less than producer
biomass as a result of energy being lost as it
ows from producers to carnivores.
B.
The primary consumer level contains more
stored energy than the producer level.
C.
Consumers have more biomass than autotrophs
because they must absorb all of the light
energy in an ecosystem.
D. Biomass di erences in an ecosystem result
from competition between producers.
D. It persists until an environmental change
occurs.
22.
Why does each successive feeding level in a
pyramid of energy have less biomass?
26.
In New York State, bluebirds and sparrows inhabit
nearly the same ecological niche. In many areas,
bluebirds are being replaced by the sparrows as a
result of
A.
symbiosis
B.
competition
C.
mutualism
D. equilibrium
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the diagram below and on your knowledge of
biology.
D. remains in equilibrium with the environment
23.
Which statement best describes the pioneer
organisms involved in ecological succession?
A.
They do not require sunlight.
B.
They are the last organisms to appear.
C.
They modify the environment.
Organisms that are always part of the relationship
indicated by letter C may be classi ed as
D. They are restricted to desert biomes.
page 4
A.
bryophytes
B.
parasites
C.
scavengers
D. carnivores
Ecology HW
27.
Which phrase belongs in area B?
A.
protozoa within termites
B.
athlete's foot fungus on humans
C.
nitrogen- xing bacteria within legume nodules
33.
An ecosystem is shown in the diagram. Which
factors must be present for this ecosystem to be
self-sustaining?
D. orchids on tropical trees
28.
29.
30.
Which term belongs in area A ?
A.
mutagenic agents, aerobic respiration, and
heterotrophs
B.
All the cottontail rabbits in a country would
represent
heterotrophic nutrition in plants, cycling of
nitrogen, and bacteria
C.
a source of energy, cycling of materials, and
autotrophs
A.
a community
B.
C.
a population
D. an ecosystem
D. anaerobic respiration, autotrophic nutrition,
and saprophytes
A.
mutualism
B.
prey
C.
saprophytism
D. host
a biome
34.
Which occurs within self-sustaining ecosystems?
A.
Consumers produce most of the oxygen.
A.
recycle organic matter
B.
Consumers eventually outnumber producers.
B.
are involved in photosynthesis
C.
Energy is created and destroyed.
C.
absorb solar energy
D. slow the spread of disease
D. Organisms interact with their environment.
31.
Which of the following groups could be correctly
classi ed as an ecosystem?
A.
the total of all plant and algae populations in
a pond
B.
the light, temperature, and minerals in a pond
C.
the fungi, bacteria, and animals in a pond
35.
Which is an example of a biotic factor that would
limit the size of a deer herd?
A.
populations of predators
B.
severe summer drought
C.
lack of oxygen at high altitudes
D. heavy winter snowfalls
D. the living and nonliving factors interacting in
a pond
32.
Bacteria of decay are important components of an
ecosystem because they
A natural community interacting with its abiotic
environment is a description of
A.
a population
B.
an organ system
C.
an organism
D. an ecosystem
page 5
Ecology HW
36.
In a forest ecosystem, the abiotic factors include
A.
light, temperature, and plants
B.
animals, water, and soil
C.
minerals, oxygen, and protists
38.
D. water, soil, and temperature
37.
An example of an abiotic factor a ecting aquatic
organisms is the
A.
number of sh in the water environment
B.
number of clams in the water environment
C.
amount of dissolved oxygen in the water
environment
D. amount of algae per cubic foot in the water
environment
An example of a biotic factor in a pond community
is
39.
The abiotic factors of a given area include the
A.
annual rainfall
B.
interspecies competition
A.
animals
B.
C.
mineral concentration
C.
plants
D. decomposers
climatic conditions
D. temperature change
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Ecology HW