1
Weights and Measures
Avoirdupois Weight
Drams
16
256
6400
25600
512000
=
=
=
=
=
1 oz.
16
400
1600
32000
=
=
=
=
=
437.5 grains troy
1 lb.
= 1.2153 lb. troy
25
= 1 quarter
100
= 4
= 1 cwt.
2000 = 80
= 20 = 1 ton
Troy Weight
Grains
24
= 1 pwt.
480
= 20
5760 = 240
= 1 oz.
= 12
= 1 lb.
= 22.816 in.3 of
distilled water at 62°F
Dry Measure
3
Pints = 33.6 in.
2 = 1 qt. = 67.2 in.3
8= 4
= 1 gal. = 268.8 in.3
16 = 8
= 1 peck
= 537.6 in.3
64 = 32
= 8
= 4
=
1 bushel
Note: The standard U.S. bushel is the Winchester bushel,
1
which is in cylinder form, 18 ⁄2″ in diameter, and 8″ deep,
and contains 2150.42 in.3.
32 = 8 = 4 = 1 gal.
2016 = 404 = 252 = 63 = 1 hogshead
4032 = 1008 = 504 = 126 = 2 = 1 = pipe
8064 = 2016 = 1008 = 252 = 4 = 2 = 1 ton
Note: The standard unit and liquid measure adopted by the
U.S. government is the Winchester wine gallon, which contains 231 in.3, and holds 8.339 lbs., avoirdupois, of distilled
water, at its maximum density weighed in air, the barometer being at 30″. The imperial gallon, adopted by Great
Britain, contains 277.274 in.3, and equals 1.20032 U.S. gal.
The following cylinders contain some of these measures
very closely:
Gill, dia. 13⁄4″; ht., 3″
Pint, dia., 31⁄2″; ht., 3″
Quart, dia., 31⁄2″; ht., 6″
Gallon, dia., 7″; ht., 6″
8 gal., dia., 14″; ht., 12″
10 gal., dia., 14″; ht., 15″
Weight of Water
1 in.3
12 in.3
1 ft.3
1 U.S. gallon
35.84 ft.3
2240 lbs.
Square Measure
Inches
144 =
1 ft.
1296 =
9
= 1 yd.
39204 =
272.25 = 30.25 = 1 perch
1568160 =
10890 = 1210 = 40 = 1 rod
6272640 =
43580 = 4840 = 160 = 4 = 1 acre
An acre is 69.5701 yd.2; or, 208.710321 ft.2
A township is 6 mi.2 = 36 sections
A section is 1 mi.2 = 640 acres
1
⁄4 section is 1⁄2 mi.2 = 160 acres
1
⁄16 section is 1⁄4 mi.2 = 40 acres
A span is distance that can be reached between end of
middle finger and the end of the thumb. Among sailors, 8
spans are equal to 1 thumb.
A geographic mile is 1⁄21600 of distance around center of
earth.
A square mile of land is called a section.
A Gunter’s chain, used by land surveyors, is 4 rods, or
66′ long, and consists of 100 links — 7.92″ make a link.
Canal and railroad engineers use an engineer’s chain,
which consists of 100 links, each 1′ long.
Paper Measure
Quire of paper
24 sheets
Ream of paper
20 quires or 480 sheets
Bundle
2 reams
Bale
5 bundles
Roll of parchment
60 skins
Sheet of paper folded into:
2 leaves is termed folio size . . . .16 leaves is termed 16mo.
4 leaves is termed 4to. or quarto 18 leaves is termed 18mo.
8 leaves is termed 8vo. or octavo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24 leaves is termed 24mo. . . .12 leaves is termed 12mo. or
48 leaves is termed 48mo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .duodecim
480 = 24 = 8 = 1 oz
5760 = 288 = 96= 12 = 1 lb.
Apothecaries’ Measure
60 minims = 1 fluid dram
16 fluid–oz. = 1 pt.
8 fluid-drams = 1 fluid oz.
8 pt. = 1 gal.
Forty-five drops, or a common teaspoonful, make about 1
fluid-dram; 2 tablespoons, about 1 fluid-oz.; a wineglassful,
about 11⁄2 fluid oz.; and a teacupful about 4 fluid oz.
Lb. Avoirdupois
1 gal. distilled water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10.00
1 gal. sea water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10.32
1 gal. proof spirits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9.08
Oils
Lb.Avoirdupois
1 gal. sperm . . . .7 1⁄2
1 gal. whale . . . .7 1⁄2
1 gal. lard . . . . .7 1⁄2
1 gal. tallow . . .7 1⁄2
1 gal. neat’s-foot 7 1⁄2
Lb.Avoirdupois
1 gal. paraffin, 28° gravity . .7 3⁄8
1 gal. paraffin, 25° gravity . .7 1⁄2
1 gal. reduced Franklin . . . .7 1⁄4
1 gal. castor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
1 gal. kerosene . . . . . . . . . .6 1⁄2
Troy Weight
24 grains = 1 pwt.
12 oz. = 1 lb.
20 pwts. = 1 oz.
Used for weighing gold, silver, and jewels.
Apothecaries’ Weight
20 grains = 1 scruple
3 scruples = 1 dram
8 drams = 1 oz.
12 oz. = 1 lb.
Avoirdupois Weight
2711⁄32 grains = 1 dram . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 quarters = 1 cwt.
16 drams = 1 oz. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2000 lbs. = 1 short ton
16 oz. = 1 lb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2240 lb. = 1 long ton
25 lb. = 1 quarter
Dry Measure
2 pt. = 1 qt.
8 qt. = 1 peck
4 pecks = 1 bushel
36 bushels = 1 chaldron
Liquid Measure
4 gills = 1 pt.
2 pt. = 1 qt.
4 qt. = 1 gal.
60 seconds = 1 min.
24 hrs. = 1 day
60 minutes = 1 hr.
7 days = 1 wk.
28, 29, 30, or 31 days = 1 calendar mon.
(30 days = 1 mon. in computing interest)
365 days = 1 yr.
366 days = 1 leap yr.
Circular Measure
60 seconds = 1 min.
30 degrees = 1 sign
60 minutes = 1 degree
90 degrees = 1 quadrant
4 quadrants = 12 signs, or 360 degrees = 1 circle
Long Measure
12 in. = 1 ft.
3 ft.= 1 yd.
3 mi. = 1 league
Cloth Measure
21⁄4″ = 1 nail
4 nails = 1 quarter
4 quarters = 1 yd.
Mariners’ Measure
6 ft. = 1 fathom
120 fathoms = 1 cable length
71⁄2 cable lengths = 1 mi.
40 rods = 1 furlong
8 furlongs = 1 stat. mi.
5280 ft. = 1 stat. mi.
6085 ft. = 1 naut. mi.
Miscellaneous
3″ = 1 palm
4″ = 1 hand
9″ = 1 span
18″ = 1 cubit
21.8″= 1 Bible cubit
1
2 ⁄2′ = 1 military step
Square Measure
144 in.2 = 1 ft.2
9 ft.2 = 1 yd.2
30 1⁄4 yds.2 = 1 rod2
40 rods2 = 1 rood
4 roods = 1 acre
640 acres = 1 mi.2
Surveyors’ Measure
7.92″ = 1 link
4 rods = 1 chain
25 links = 1 rod
10 chains2 or 160 rods2 = 1 acre
2
640 acres = 1 mi.
36 mi.2 (6 miles sq.) = 1 township
Cubic Measure
1728 in.3 = 1 ft.3
27 ft.3 = 1 yd.3
2150.42 in.3 = 1 standard bushel
231 in.3 = 1 standard gallon
1 ft.3 = about 4⁄5 of a bushel
128 ft.3 = 1 cord (wood)
40 ft.3 = 1 ton (shipping)
Metric Equivalents
Linear Measure
1 cm = 0.3937″
1 dm = 3.937″ = .0328 ft.
1 m = 39.37″ = 1.0936 yds.
1 dekam = 1.9884 rods
1 km = 0.62137 mi.
1″ = 2.54 cm
1′ = 3.048 dm
1 yard = 0.9144 m
1 rod = 0.5029 dekam
1 mile = 1.6093 km
Square Measure
1 cm2 = 0.1550 in.2
1 dm2 = 0.1076 ft.2
1 m2 = 1.196 yds.2
1 acre = 3.954 rods2
1 hectare = 2.47 acres
1 km2 = 0.386 mi.2
1 in.2 = 6.452 cm2
1 ft.2 = 9.2903 dm2
1 yd.2 = 0.8361 m2
1 rod2 = 0.2529 acres
1 acre = 0.4047 hectare
1 mi.2 = 2.59 km2
Measure of Volume
1 cm3 = 0.061 in.3
1 dm3 = 0.0353 ft.3
1 m3 = 1.308 yd.3
1 stere = 0.2759 cd.
1 liter = 0.908 qt. dry
1 liter = 1.0567 qt. liquid
1 dekal = 2.6417 gal.
1 hl = 2.8375 bu.
311⁄2 gal. = 1 barrel
2 barrels = 1 hogshead
Time Measure
Liquid or Wine Measure
GILLS = 7.2187 in.3
4 = 1 pint = 28.875 in.3
8 = 2 = 1 quart = 57.75 in.3
.03617 lbs.
.4340 lbs.
7.48052 U.S. gal.
8.355 lbs.
2240 lbs.
268.8 U.S. gal.
Liquid Weight
Apothecaries’ Weight
Grains
20 = 1 scruple
60 = 3 scruple = 1 dram
=
=
=
=
=
=
51⁄2 yds. = 1 rod
1 in.3 = 16.39 cm3
1 ft.3 = 28.317 dm3
1 yd.3 = 0.7646 m3
1 cord = 3.624 steres
1 qt. dry = 1.101 liters
1 qt. liquid = 0.9463 liter
1 gal. = 0.3785 dekal
1 pk. = 0.881 dekal
1 bu. = 0.3524 hl
Weights
1 g = 0.0527 oz.
1 kg = 2.2046 lb.
1 metric ton = 1.1023 English ton
1 oz. = 28.85 g
1 lb. = 0.4536 kg
1 English ton = 0.9072
metric ton
Approximate Metric Equivalents
1 dm = 4″
1 m = 1.1 yds.
1 km = 5⁄8 mi.
1 hectare = 21⁄2 acres
1 stere or m3 = 1⁄4 cord
1 liter = 1.06 qt. liquid
1 liter = 0.9 qt. dry
1 hektoliter = 25⁄8 bushel
1 kg = 21⁄5 lb.
1 metric ton = 2200 lbs.
2
Conversion Table
Inch Fractions and Decimals to Metric Equivalents
Inches
Fractions
—
—
—
1
⁄64″
—
—
1
⁄32″
—
3
⁄64″
—
1
⁄16″
5
⁄64″
—
3
⁄32″
—
7
⁄64″
—
1
⁄8 ″
—
9
⁄64″
5
⁄32″
—
11
⁄64″
—
3
⁄16″
—
13
⁄64″
—
7
⁄32″
15
⁄64″
—
1
⁄4 ″
—
17
⁄64″
—
9
⁄32″
—
19
⁄64″
5
⁄16″
—
21
⁄64″
—
11
⁄32″
—
23
⁄64″
—
3
⁄8 ″
25
⁄64″
—
13
⁄32″
—
27
⁄64″
—
7
⁄16″
29
⁄64″
15
⁄32″
—
31
⁄64″
—
1
⁄2 ″
—
33
⁄64″
17
⁄32″
35
⁄64″
—
9
⁄16″
—
37
⁄64″
—
19
⁄32″
39
⁄64″
5
⁄8 ″
—
41
⁄64″
—
21
⁄32″
—
43
⁄64″
Dec.
.0004″
.004″
.01″
.0156″
.0197″
.0295″
.03125″
.0394″
.0469″
.059″
.0625″
.0781″
.0787″
.094″
.0984″
.1093″
.1181
.1250″
.1378″
.1406″
.15625″
.1575″
.17187″
.177
.1875″
.1969″
.2031″
.2165″
.21875″
.23437″
.2362″
.2500″
.2559″
.2656″
.2756″
.28125″
.2953″
.29687″
.3125″
.3150″
.3281″
.335″
.34375″
.3543″
.35937″
.374″
.3750″
.3906
.3937″
.4062
.413″
.42187″
.4331″
.4375″
.4531″
.46875″
.4724″
.48437″
.492″
.500″
.5118″
.5156″
.53125″
.54687″
.5512″
.5625″
.571″
.57812″
.5906″
.59375″
.60937″
.6250″
.6299″
.6406″
.6496″
.65625″
.6693″
.67187″
mm
.01
.10
.25
.397
.50
.75
.794
1
1.191
1.5
1.588
1.984
2
2.381
2.5
2.776
3
3.175
3.5
3.572
3.969
4
4.366
4.5
4.763
5
5.159
5.5
5.556
5.953
6
6.350
6.5
6.747
7
7.144
7.5
7.541
7.938
8
8.334
8.5
8.731
9
9.128
9.5
9.525
9.922
10
10.319
10.5
10.716
11
11.113
11.509
11.906
12
12.303
12.5
12.700
13
13.097
13.494
13.891
14
14.288
14.5
14.684
15
15.081
15.478
15.875
16
16.272
16.5
16.669
17
17.066
Albuquerque
1-800-322-4401
Inches
Fractions
11
⁄16″
45
⁄64″
—
23
⁄32″
—
47
⁄64″
—
3
⁄4 ″
49
⁄64″
25
⁄32″
—
51
⁄64″
13
⁄16″
—
53
⁄64″
27
⁄32″
55
⁄64″
—
7
⁄8 ″
57
⁄64″
—
29
⁄32″
59
⁄64″
15
⁄16″
—
61
⁄64″
31
⁄32″
—
1
—
11⁄32″
11⁄16″
—
13⁄32″
—
11⁄8″
—
15⁄32″
—
13⁄16″
17⁄32″
—
11⁄4″
—
19⁄32″
—
15⁄16″
—
111⁄32″
13⁄8
—
113⁄32
—
17⁄16″
—
115⁄32″
—
11⁄2″
117⁄32″
—
19⁄16″
—
119⁄32″
—
15⁄8″
—
121⁄32″
111⁄16″
—
123⁄32″
—
13⁄4″
—
125⁄32″
—
113⁄16″
127⁄32″
—
Dec.
.6875″
.7031″
.7087″
.71875″
.7283″
.73437″
.7480″
.7500″
.7656″
.78125″
.7874″
.79687″
.8125″
.8268″
.8281″
.84375″
.85937″
.8662″
.8750″
.8906″
.9055″
.90625″
.92187″
.9375″
.9449″
.9531″
.96875
.9843″
1.000″
1.0236″
1.0312″
1.062″
1.063″
1.094″
1.1024″
1.125″
1.1417″
1.156″
1.1811″
1.1875″
1.219″
1.2205″
1.250″
1.2598″
1.281″
1.2992″
1.312″
1.3386″
1.344″
1.375″
1.3779″
1.406″
1.4173″
1.438″
1.4567″
1.469″
1.4961″
1.500″
1.531″
1.5354″
1.562″
1.5748″
1.594″
1.6142″
1.625″
1.6535″
1.6562″
1.6875″
1.6929″
1.719″
1.7323″
1.750″
1.7717″
1.781″
1.8110″
1.8125″
1.844″
1.8504″
Austin
(512)477-6161
mm
Inches
Fractions
17.463
17.859
18
18.256
18.5
18.653
19
19.050
19.447
19.844
20
20.241
20.638
21
21.034
21.431
21.828
22
22.225
22.622
23
23.019
23.416
23.813
24
24.209
24.606
25
25.4
26
26.194
26.988
27
27.781
28
28.575
29
29.369
30
30.163
30.956
31
31.750
32
32.544
33
33.338
34
34.131
34.925
35
35.719
36
36.513
37
37.306
38
38.100
38.894
39
39.688
40
40.481
41
41.275
42
42.069
42.863
43
43.656
44
44.450
45
45.244
46
46.038
46.831
47
17⁄8″
—
129⁄32″
—
115⁄16″
—
131⁄32″
2″
—
—
21⁄16″
—
21⁄8″
—
—
23⁄16″
—
—
21⁄4″
—
25⁄16″
—
—
23⁄8″
—
27⁄16″
—
—
21⁄2″
—
—
29⁄16″
—
25⁄8″
—
—
211⁄16″
—
23⁄4″
—
—
213⁄16″
—
—
27⁄8″
—
215⁄16″
—
—
3″
—
31⁄16″
—
—
31⁄8″
—
33⁄16″
—
—
31⁄4″
—
—
35⁄16″
—
33⁄8″
—
—
37⁄16″
—
31⁄2″
—
—
39⁄16″
—
—
35⁄8″
—
311⁄16″
Dec.
1.875″
1.8898″
1.9062″
1.9291″
1.9375″
1.9685″
1.969″
2.000″
2.0079″
2.0472″
2.062″
2.0866″
2.125″
2.126″
2.165″
2.1875″
2.2047″
2.244″
2.250″
2.2835″
2.312″
2.3228″
2.3622″
2.375″
2.4016″
2.438″
2.4409″
2.4803″
2.500″
2.5197″
2.559″
2.562″
2.5984″
2.625″
2.638″
2.6772″
2.6875″
2.7165″
2.750″
2.7559″
2.7953″
2.8125″
2.8346″
2.8740″
2.875″
2.9134″
2.9375″
2.9527″
2.9921″
3.000″
3.0315″
3.062
3.0709″
3.1102″
3.125″
3.1496″
3.1875″
3.1890″
3.2283″
3.250″
3.2677″
3.3071″
3.312″
3.3464″
3.375″
3.3858″
3.4252″
3.438″
3.4646″
3.500″
3.5039″
3.5433″
3.562″
3.5827″
3.622″
3.625″
3.6614″
3.6875″
Brownsville
1-800-522-4404
mm
Inches
Fractions
47.625
48
48.419
49
49.213
50
50.006
50.800
51
52
52.388
53
53.975
54
55
55.563
56
57
57.150
58
58.738
59
60
60.325
61
61.913
62
63
63.500
64
65
65.088
66
66.675
67
68
68.263
69
69.850
70
71
71.438
72
73
73.025
74
74.613
75
76
76.200
77
77.788
78
79
79.375
80
80.963
81
82
82.550
83
84
84.1377
85
85.725
86
87
87.313
88
88.900
89
90
90.4877
91
92
92.075
93
93.663
—
—
33⁄4″
—
313⁄16″
—
—
37⁄8″
—
—
315⁄16″
—
4″
41⁄16″
41⁄8″
—
43⁄16″
41⁄4″
45⁄16″
—
43⁄8″
47⁄16″
41⁄2″
—
49⁄16″
45⁄8″
—
43⁄4″
47⁄8″
—
5″
—
51⁄4″
51⁄2″
—
53⁄4″
—
6″
61⁄4″
—
61⁄2″
—
63⁄4″
7″
—
—
71⁄2″
—
8″
—
81⁄2″
—
9″
—
—
91⁄2″
—
10″
—
—
11″
—
—
—
12″
13″
—
14″
15″
—
16″
17″
—
18″
19″
—
20″
21″
Dec.
3.7008″
3.7401″
3.750″
3.7795″
3.8125″
3.8189″
3.8583″
3.875″
3.8976″
3.9370″
3.9375″
3.9764″
4.000″
4.062″
4.125″
4.1338″
4.1875″
4.250″
4.312″
4.3307″
4.375″
4.438″
4.500″
4.5275″
4.562″
4.625″
4.7244″
4.750″
4.875″
4.9212″
5.000
5.1181″
5.250″
5.500″
5.5118″
5.750″
5.9055″
6.000″
6.250″
6.2992″
6.500″
6.6929″
6.750″
7.000″
7.0866″
7.4803″
7.500″
7.8740″
8.000″
8.2677″
8.500″
8.6614″
9.000″
9.0551″
9.4488″
9.500″
9.8425″
10.000″
10.2362″
10.6299″
11.000″
11.0236″
11.4173″
11.8110″
12.000″
13.000″
13.7795″
14.000″
15.000″
15.7480″
16.000″
17.000″
17.7165″
18.000″
19.000″
19.6850″
20.000″
21.000
Corpus Christi
1-800-445-1599
mm
94
95
95.250
96
96.838
97
98
98.425
99
100
100.013
101
101.600
103.188
104.775
105
106.363
107.950
109.538
110
111.125
112.713
114.300
115
115.888
117.475
120
120.650
123.825
125
127
130
133.350
139.700
140
146.050
150
152.400
158.750
160
165.100
170
171.450
177.800
180
190
190.500
200
203.200
210
215.900
220
228.600
230
240
241.300
250
254.000
260
270
279.400
280
290
300
304.800
330.200
350
355.600
381
400
406.400
431.800
450
457.200
482.600
500
508
533.400
3
Decimal Equivalents of Parts of an Inch
Fraction
1
⁄64″
1
⁄32″
3
⁄64″
1
⁄16″
5
⁄64″
3
⁄32″
7
⁄64″
Decimal
.01563″
.03125″
.04688″
.0625″
.07813″
.09375″
.10938″
Fraction
23
⁄64″
3
⁄8 ″
25
⁄64″
13
⁄32″
27
⁄64″
7
⁄16″
29
⁄64″
Decimal
.35938″
.375″
.39063″
.40625″
.42188″
.4375″
.45313″
Fraction
45
⁄64″
23
⁄32″
47
⁄64″
3
⁄4 ″
49
⁄64″
25
⁄32″
51
⁄64″
Decimal
.70313″
.71875″
.73438″
.75″
.76563″
.78125″
.79688″
1
⁄8 ″
⁄64″
5
⁄32″
11
⁄64″
3
⁄16″
13
⁄64″
7
⁄32″
15
⁄64″
.125″
.14063″
.15625″
.17188″
.1875″
.20313″
.21875″
.23438″
15
⁄32″
⁄64″
1
⁄2 ″
33
⁄64″
17
⁄32″
35
⁄64″
9
⁄16″
37
⁄64″
.46875″
.48438″
.5″
.51563″
.53125″
.54688″
.5625″
.57813″
13
.8125″
.82813″
.84375″
.85938″
.875″
.89063″
.90625″
.92188″
1
.25″
.26563″
.28125″
.29688″
.3125″
.32813″
.34375″
19
.59375″
.60938″
.625″
.64063″
.65625″
.67188″
.6875″
15
9
⁄4 ″
17
⁄64″
9
⁄32″
19
⁄64″
5
⁄16″
21
⁄64″
11
⁄32″
31
⁄32″
⁄64″
5
⁄8 ″
41
⁄64″
21
⁄32″
43
⁄64″
11
⁄16″
39
⁄16″
⁄64″
⁄32″
55
⁄64″
7
⁄8 ″
57
⁄64″
29
⁄32″
59
⁄64″
53
27
⁄16″
⁄64
⁄32″
63
⁄64″
1″
—
—
61
31
.9375″
.95313″
.96875″
.98438″
1.00000″
—
—
Metric Conversion Table
mm
×
.03937
mm
×
25.4
cm
×
.3937
cm
÷
2.54
m
×
39.37
m
×
3.281
m
×
1.094
km
×
.621
km
÷
1.6093
km
×
3280.8693
×
.00155
mm2
mm2
÷
645.1
cm2
×
.155
cm2
÷
6.451
m2
×
10.764
km2
×
247.1
hectare
×
2.471
3
÷
16.383
cm
3
cm
÷
3.69
÷
29.57
cm3
3
×
35.315
m
m3
×
1.308
m3
×
264.2
liters
×
61.022
liters
×
33.84
liters
×
.2642
liters
÷
3.78
liters
÷
28.316
hectoliters
×
3.531
hectoliters
×
2.84
hectoliters
×
.131
hectoliters
÷
26.42
grams
×
15.432
grams
÷
981
grams (water)
÷
29.57
grams
÷
28.35
Joule
×
.7373
kg
×
2.2046
kg
×
35.3
kg
÷
907.2
2
×
14.223
kg/cm
kg m
×
7.233
kg/m
×
.672
×
.062
kg/m3
kg/Cheval
×
2.235
Watts
÷
.746
Watts
×
.7373
Calorie
×
3.968
Cheval Vapeur
×
.9863
(Degrees Centigrade × 1.8) + 32
Acceleration due to gravity at Paris
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
ft.
yds.
mi.
mi.
ft.
in.2
in.2
in.2
in.2
ft.2
acres
acres
in.3
fl. drams
fl. oz.
ft.3
yds.3
gal. (231 in.3)
in.3
fl. oz
gal. (231 in.3)
gal. (231 in.3)
ft.3
ft.3
bu. (2150.42 in.3)
yds.3
gal. (231 in.3)
grains
dynes
fl. oz.
oz. Avoir.
lb. ft.
lb.
oz. Avoir.
ton (2000 lbs.)
psi
lb. ft.
lb./ft.
lb./ft.3
lb./HP
HP
lb. ft./sec.
BTU
HP
Degrees Fahrenheit
980.94 cm/sec.
Mensuration of Surfaces and Volumes
Area of rectangle = length × breadth
Area of triangle = base × 1⁄2 perpendicular height
Diameter of circle = radius × 2
Circumference of circle = diameter × 3.1416
Area of circle = square of diameter × .7854
no. of degrees in arc
Area of sector of circle = area of circle ×360
Area of surface of cylinder = circumference × length + area of two ends
To find the diameter of circle having given area: divide the area by .7854, and extract
the square root
To find the volume of a cylinder: multiply the area of the section in square inches by
the length in inches = the volume in cubic inches. Cubic inches divided by 1728 =
volume in cubic feet
Surface of a sphere = square of diameter × 3.1416
Solidity of a sphere = cube of diameter × .5236
Side of an inscribed cube = radius of a sphere × 1.1547
Area of the base of a pyramid or cone, whether round, square, or triangular multiplied
by one-third of its height = the solidity
Diameter × .8862 = side of an equal square
Diameter × .7071 = side of an inscribed square
Radius × 6.2832 = circumference
Circumference = 3.5446 × √ area of circle
Diameter = 1.1283 × √ area of circle
Length of arc = number of degrees × .017453 radius
Degrees in arc whose length equals radius = 57° 2958′
Length of an arc of 1° = radius × .017543
Length of an arc of 1 min. = radius × .0002909
Length of an arc of 1 sec. = radius × .0000048
n = Proportion of circumference to diameter = 3.1415926
n2 = 9.8696044
√n = 1.7724538
Log n = 0.49715
1/n = 0.31831
1/360 = .002778
360/n = 114.59
Conversion Table
ft.
yd.
in.2
ft.2
yd.2
Acres
in.3
ft.3
Circular Inches
Cylinder Inches
Cylinder Feet
Links
Links
ft.
Width in Chains
183346 Circular Inches
2200 Cylindrical Inches
ft.3
in.3
U.S. gal.
U.S. gal.
ft.3
in.3
Cylindrical Feet of Water
lb. Avoir.
lb. Avoir.
ft.3 of Water
3
in. of Water
Cylindrical Feet of Water
Cylindrical Inch of Water
13.44 U.S. gal. of Water
268.8 U.S. gal.of Water
1.8 ft.3 of Water
35.88 ft.3 of Water
Column of Water, 12″ High × 1″ Dia.
U.S. bushel
U.S. bushel
U.S. bushel
×
.00019
×
.0006
×
.007
×
.111
× .0002067
×
4840
×
.00058
×
.03704
×
.00546
× .0004546
×
.02909
×
.22
×
.66
×
1.5
×
8.
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
7.48
.004329
.1336
231.
.8036
.000466
6
.009
.00045
62.5
.03617
49.1
.0284
×
×
×
.049
1.2446
2150.42
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
mi.
mi.º
ft.2
yd.2
Acres
yd.2
ft.3
yds.3
ft.2
ft.3
yd.3
yd.
ft.
Links
Acres/mi.
1 ft.2
1 ft.3
U.S. gal.
U.S. gal.
ft.3
in.3
U.S. bushel
U.S. bushel
U.S. gal.
Cwt. (112)
Tons (2240)
lb. Avoir.
lb. Avoir.
lb. Avoir.
lb. Avoir.
1 Cwt.
1 Ton
1 Cwt.
1 Ton
.341 lb.
yd.3
ft.3
in.3
4
No. of U.S. Gallons in Round Tank for One Foot Depth
Dia.
of Tank
Ft. In.
1 —
1 1
1 2
1 3
1 4
1 5
1 6
1 7
1 8
1 9
1 10
1 11
2 —
2 1
2 2
2 3
2 4
2 5
2 6
2 7
2 8
2 9
2 10
2 11
3 —
3 1
3 2
3 3
3 4
3 5
3 6
3 7
3 8
3 9
3 10
3 11
4 —
4 1
4 2
4 3
4 4
4 5
4 6
4 7
4 8
4 9
4 10
4 11
5 —
5 1
5 2
5 3
5 4
5 5
5 6
5 7
5 8
5 9
5 10
5 11
6 —
6 3
6 6
6 9
7 —
7 3
7 6
7 9
8 —
8 3
8 6
8 9
Cap.
U.S.
Gal.
5.87
6.89
8.00
9.18
10.44
11.79
13.22
14.73
16.32
17.99
19.75
21.58
23.50
25.50
27.58
29.74
31.99
34.31
36.72
39.21
41.78
44.43
47.16
49.98
52.88
55.86
58.92
62.06
65.28
68.58
71.97
75.44
78.99
82.62
86.33
90.13
94.00
97.96
102.00
106.12
110.32
114.61
118.97
123.42
127.95
132.56
138.25
142.02
146.88
151.82
156.83
161.93
167.12
172.38
177.72
183.15
188.66
194.25
199.92
205.67
211.51
229.50
248.23
267.69
287.88
308.81
330.48
352.88
376.01
399.88
424.48
449.82
Vol. Ft.3
& Area
Ft.2
.785
.922
1.069
1.227
1.396
1.576
1.767
1.969
2.182
2.405
2.640
2.885
3.142
3.409
3.687
3.976
4.276
4.587
4.909
5.241
5.585
5.940
6.305
6.681
7.069
7.467
7.876
8.296
8.727
9.168
9.621
10.085
10.559
11.045
11.541
12.048
12.566
13.095
13.635
14.186
14.748
15.321
15.90
16.50
17.10
17.72
18.35
18.99
19.63
20.29
20.97
21.65
22.34
23.04
23.76
24.48
25.22
25.97
26.73
27.49
28.27
30.68
33.18
35.78
38.48
41.28
44.18
47.17
50.27
53.46
56.75
60.13
Dia.
of Tank
Ft. In.
9 —
9 3
9 6
9 9
10 —
10 3
10 6
10 9
11 —
11 3
11 6
11 9
12 —
12 3
12 6
12 9
13 —
13 3
13 6
13 9
14 —
14 3
14 6
14 9
15 —
15 3
15 6
15 9
16 —
16 3
16 6
16 9
17 —
17 3
17 6
17 9
18 —
18 3
18 6
18 9
19 —
19 3
19 6
19 9
20 —
20 3
20 6
20 9
21 —
21 3
21 6
21 9
22 —
22 3
22 6
22 9
23 —
23 3
23 6
23 9
24 —
24 3
24 6
24 9
25 —
25 3
25 6
25 9
26 —
26 3
26 6
26 9
Vol. Ft.3
& Area
Ft.2
63.62
67.20
70.88
74.66
78.54
82.52
86.59
90.76
95.03
99.40
103.87
108.43
113.10
117.86
122.72
127.86
132.72
137.89
143.14
148.49
153.94
159.48
165.13
170.87
176.71
182.65
188.69
194.83
201.06
207.39
213.82
220.35
226.98
233.71
240.53
247.45
254.47
261.59
268.80
276.12
283.53
291.04
298.65
306.35
314.16
322.06
330.06
338.16
346.36
354.66
363.05
371.54
380.13
388.82
397.61
406.49
415.48
424.56
433.74
443.01
452.39
461.86
471.44
481.11
490.87
500.74
510.71
520.77
530.93
541.19
551.55
562.00
Cap.
U.S.
Gal.
475.89
502.70
530.24
558.51
587.52
617.26
647.74
678.95
710.90
743.58
776.99
811.14
846.03
881.65
918.00
955.09
992.91
1031.5
1070.8
1110.8
1151.5
1193.0
1235.3
1278.2
1321.9
1366.4
1411.5
1457.4
1504.1
1551.4
1599.5
1648.4
1697.9
1748.2
1799.3
1851.1
1903.6
1956.8
2010.8
2065.5
2120.9
2177.1
2234.0
2291.7
2350.1
2409.2
2469.1
2529.6
2591.0
2653.0
2715.8
2779.3
2843.6
2908.6
2974.3
3040.8
3108.0
3175.9
3244.6
3314.0
3384.1
3455.0
3526.6
3597.9
3672.0
3745.8
3820.3
3895.6
3971.6
4048.4
4125.9
4204.1
To find the capacity of tanks larger than given in the table, set table for tank one-half of the given size,
and multiply its capacity by 4, or one of one-third its size and multiply by 9, etc. Thirty-one and one-half
gallons equal one barrel. To find the capacity of a square tank, find the capacity of a round tank with
diameter same as length of side and divide by .7854. A 10′ diameter round tank, 1′ high, holds 587.52
gallons. A square tank 10′×10′ by 1′ high equals 587.52 divided by .7854 equals 748 gallons.
Alb
A
i
Capacity of Steel Tanks
Gal.
per Ft.
Lgth.
5.87
6.89
8.00
9.18
10.44
11.79
13.22
14.73
16.32
17.99
Dia.
12″
13″
14″
15″
16″
17″
18″
19″
20″
21″
Gal.
per Ft.
Lgth.
19.75
21.58
23.50
25.50
27.58
29.74
31.99
34.31
36.72
39.21
Dia.
22″
23″
24″
25″
26″
27″
28″
29″
30″
31″
Dia.
32″
33″
34″
35″
36″
37″
38″
39″
40″
—
Gal.
per Ft.
Lgth.
41.78
44.43
47.16
49.98
52.88
55.86
58.92
62.06
65.28
—
Number of Gallons in Cisterns and Tanks
Dpth.
5′
6′
7′
8′
9′
10′
Dia.
5′
725
870
1015
1160
1305
1450
6′
1060
1270
1480
1690
1900
2110
7′
1440
1728
2016
2304
2592
2880
11′
3550
4260
4970
5680
6380
7100
12′
4237
5084
5931
6778
7625
8472
13′
4960
5952
6944
7936
8928
9920
Dpth.
5′
6′
7′
8′
9′
10′
8′
1875
2250
2625
3000
3375
3750
9′
2380
2855
3330
3805
4280
4755
10′
2925
3510
4112
4680
5265
5850
14′
5765
6918
8071
9224
10377
11530
15′
6698
8038
9378
10718
12058
13398
16′
7520
9024
10528
12032
13536
15040
Dia.
Friction of Water in 90° Elbows
Equivalent Number of Feet of Straight Pipe
1
3
1
Size of Elbow
⁄4″
⁄8″
⁄2″
3′
4′
5′
Friction Equivalenta
1
1
1 ⁄2″
2″
Size of Elbow
1 ⁄4″
8′
8′
8′
Friction Equivalenta
Size of Elbow
4″
5″
6″
16′
18′
18′
Friction Equivalenta
Size of Elbow
12″
14″
15″
40′
54′
55′
Friction Equivalenta
Size of Elbow
24″
30″
36″
80′
100′
120′
Friction Equivalenta
3
⁄4″
6′
2 1⁄2″
11′
8″
24′
16″
55′
42″
140′
1″
6′
3″
15′
10″
30′
20″
70′
48″
160′
The figures given are based on the assumption tht the total velocity head of the water flowing through
the elbow is used up to overcome the friction.
a
Straight pipe.
Comparison of Centigrade and Fahrenheit
Thermometer Scales
°C
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
°F
32.0
33.8
35.6
37.4
39.2
41.0
42.8
44.6
46.4
48.2
50.0
51.8
53.6
55.4
57.2
59.0
60.8
62.6
64.4
66.2
68.0
69.8
71.6
73.4
75.2
77.0
°C
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
°F
78.8
80.6
82.4
84.2
86.0
87.8
89.6
91.4
93.2
95.0
96.8
98.6
100.4
102.2
104.0
105.8
107.6
109.4
111.2
113.0
114.8
116.6
118.4
120.2
122.0
123.8
°C
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
°F
125.6
127.4
129.2
131.0
132.8
134.6
136.4
138.2
140.0
141.8
143.6
145.4
147.2
149.0
150.8
152.6
154.4
156.2
158.0
159.8
161.6
163.4
165.2
167.0
168.8
170.6
°C
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
—
—
—
°F
172.4
174.2
176.0
177.8
179.6
181.4
183.2
185.0
186.8
188.6
190.4
192.2
194.0
195.8
197.6
199.4
201.2
203.0
204.8
206.6
208.4
210.2
212.0
—
—
—
Temperature corrections based on room temperature of 25°C. If the temperature of room during a
test differs from 25°C, corrections should be made changing the observed rise of temperature by one-half
percent for each degree C. Thus, with a room temperature of 35°C, the observed rise has to be decreased
by 5 percent, and with a room temperature of 15°C, the observed rise has to be increased by 5 percent.
B
ill
C
Ch i i
5
Table Giving the Circumference and Area of Circles
Dia.
Circum.
1
.3926″
1
.7854″
⁄8″
Area, In.2
Dia.
Circum.
Area, In.2
Dia.
Circum.
.0122
6″
18.84″
28.274
1
19 ⁄2″
61.26″
.0491
61⁄2″
20.42″
33.183
20″
62.83″
Area, In.2
Dia.
Circum.
Area, In.2
Dia.
Circum.
Area, In.2
Dia.
Circum.
Area, In.2
298.64
41″
128.81″
1320.25
68″
213.63″
3631.68
95″
298.45″
7088.22
314.16
42″
131.95″
1385.44
69″
216.77″
3739.28
96″
301.59″
7238.23
3
1.178″
.1104
7″
21.99″
38.484
201⁄2″
64.40″
330.06
43″
135.09″
1452.20
70″
219.91″
3848.46
97″
304.73″
7389.81
1
1.570″
.1963
71⁄2″
23.56″
44.178
21″
65.97″
346.36
44″
138.23″
1520.53
71″
223.05″
3959.20
98″
307.88″
7542.96
5
1.963″
.3067
8″
25.13″
50.265
211⁄2″
67.54″
363.04
45″
141.37″
1590.43
72″
226.19″
4071.50
99″
311.02″
7697.69
3
2.356″
.4417
81⁄2″
26.70″
56.745
22″
69.11″
380.13
46″
144.51″
1661.90
73″
229.34″
4185.39
100″
314.16″
7853.98
7
2.748″
.6013
9″
28.27″
63.617
221⁄2″
70.68″
397.60
47″
147.65″
1734.94
74″
232.48″
4300.84
101″
317.30″
8011.85
1″
3.141″
.7854
91⁄2″
29.84″
70.882
23″
72.25″
415.47
48″
150.80″
1809.56
75″
235.62″
4417.86
102″
320.44″
8171.28
11⁄8″
3.543″
.9940
10″
31.41″
78.54
231⁄2″
73.82″
433.73
49″
153.94″
1885.74
76″
238.76″
4536.46
103″
323.58″
8332.29
11⁄4″
3.927″
1.227
101⁄2″
32.98″
86.59
24″
75.39″
452.39
50″
157.08″
1963.50
77″
241.90″
4656.64
104″
326.73″
8494.87
13⁄8″
4.319″
1.484
11″
34.55″
95.03
241⁄2″
76.96″
471.43
51″
160.22″
2042.82
78″
245.04″
4778.36
105″
329.87″
8659.01
11⁄2″
4.712″
1.767
111⁄2″
36.12″
103.86
25″
78.54″
490.87
52″
163.36″
2123.72
79″
248.19″
4901.67
106″
333.01″
8824.73
15⁄8″
5.105″
2.073
12″
37.69″
113.09
26″
81.68″
530.93
53″
166.50″
2206.18
80″
251.33″
5026.55
107″
336.15″
8992.02
13⁄4″
5.497″
2.405
121⁄2″
39.27″
122.71
27″
84.82″
572.55
54″
169.65″
2290.22
81″
254.47″
5153.00
108″
339.29″
9160.88
17⁄8″
5.890″
2.761
13″
40.84″
132.73
28″
87.96″
615.75
55″
172.79″
2375.83
82″
257.61″
5281.02
109″
342.43″
9331.32
2″
6.283″
3.141
131⁄2″
42.41″
143.13
29″
91.10″
660.52
56″
175.93″
2463.01
83″
260.75″
5410.61
110″
345.58″
9503.32
21⁄4″
7.068″
3.976
14″
43.98″
153.93
30″
94.24″
706.86
57″
179.07″
2551.76
84″
263.89″
5541.77
111″
348.72″
9676.89
21⁄2″
7.854″
4.908
141⁄2″
45.55″
165.13
31″
97.38″
754.76
58″
182.21″
2642.08
85″
267.04″
5674.50
112″
351.86″
9852.03
23⁄4″
8.639″
5.939
15″
47.12″
176.78
32″
100.53″
804.24
59″
185.35″
2733.97
86″
270.18″
5808.80
113″
355.00″ 10028.75
9.424″
⁄4″
⁄8″
⁄2″
⁄8″
⁄4″
⁄8″
7.068
151⁄2″
48.69″
188.69
33″
103.67″
855.30
60″
188.50″
2827.43
87″
273.32″
5944.68
114″
358.14″ 10207.03
31⁄4″
10.21″
8.295
16″
50.26″
201.06
34″
106.81″
907.92
61″
191.64″
2922.47
88″
276.46″
6082.12
115″
361.28″ 10386.89
31⁄2″
10.99″
9.621
161⁄2″
51.83″
213.82
35″
109.96″
962.11
62″
194.78″
3019.07
89″
279.60″
6221.14
116″
364.42″ 10568.32
33⁄4″
11.78″
11.044
17″
53.40″
226.98
36″
113.10″
1017.88
63″
197.92″
3117.25
90″
282.74″
6361.73
117″
367.57″ 10751.32
4″
12.56″
12.566
171⁄2″
54.97″
240.52
37″
116.24″
1075.21
64″
201.06″
3216.99
91″
285.88″
6503.88
118″
370.71″ 10935.88
41⁄2″
14.13″
15.904
18″
56.54″
254.46
38″
119.38″
1134.11
65″
204.20″
3318.31
92″
289.03″
6647.61
119″
373.85″ 11122.02
5″
15.70″
19.635
181⁄2″
58.11″
268.80
39″
122.52″
1194.59
66″
207.34″
3424.29
93″
292.17″
6792.91
120″
376.99″ 11309.73
51⁄2″
17.27″
23.758
19″
59.69″
283.52
40″
125.66″
1256.64
67″
210.49″
3525.65
94″
295.31″
6939.78
121″
380.13″ 11499.01
3″
6
American
or
Brown &
Wire
Sharpe
Gage No. Gage
0000000
000000
00000
0000
000
00
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
.651354″
.580049″
.516549″
.460″
.40964″
.3648″
.32486″
.2893″
.25763″
.22942″
.20431″
.18194″
.16202″
.14428″
.12849″
.11443″
.10189″
.090742″
.080808″
.071961″
.064084″
.057068″
.05082″
.045257″
.040303″
.03589″
.031961″
.028462″
.025347″
.022571″
.0201″
.0179″
.01594″
.014195″
.012641″
.011257″
.010025″
.008928″
.00795″
.00708″
.006304″
.005614″
.005″
.004453″
.003965″
Wire Gage Standards
U.S. Standard Gage
Decimal Thickness
American
Birming- Washburn S.&W.
ham
& Moen
Co’s
or Stubs’
Steel
Music Imperial
Wire
Wire
Wire
Wire
Gage
Gage
Gage
Gage
For Sheet and Plate Iron and Steel
—
—.
.500″
.454″
.425″
.380″
.340″
.300″
.284″
.259″
.238″
.220″
.203″
.180″
.165″
.148″
.134″
.120″
.109″
.095″
.083″
.072″
.065″
.058″
.049″
.042″
.035″
.032″
.028″
.025″
.022″
.020″
.018″
.016″
.014″
.013″
.012″
.010″
.009″
.008″
.007″
.005″
.004″
—
—
.4900″
.4615″
.4305″
.3938″
.3625″
.3310″
.3065″
.2830″
.2625″
.2437″
.2253″
.2070″
.1920″
.1770″
.1620″
.1483″
.1350″
.1205″
.1055″
.0915″
.0800″
.0720″
.0625″
.0540″
.0475″
.0410″
.0348″
.0317″
.0286″
.0258″
.0230″
.0204″
.0181″
.0173″
.0162″
.0150″
.0140″
.0132″
.0128″
.0118″
.0104″
.0095″
.0090″
.0085″
.080″
—
.004″
.005″
.006″
.007″
.008″
.009″
.010″
.011″
.012″
.013″
.014″
.016″
.018″
.020″
.022″
.024″
.026″
.029″
.031″
.033″
.035″
.037″
.039″
.041″
.043″
.045″
.047″
.049″
.051″
.055″
.059″
.063″
.067″
.071″
.075″
.080″
.085″
.090″
.095″
—
—
—
—
—
.500″
.464″
.432″
.400″
.372″
.348″
.324″
.300″
.276″
.252″
.232″
.212″
.192″
.176″
.160″
.144″
.128″
.116″
.104″
.092″
.080″
.072″
.064″
.056″
.048″
.040″
.036″
.032″
.028″
.024″
.022″
.020″
.018″
.0164″
.0149″
.0136″
.0124″
.0116″
.0108″
.0100″
.0092″
.0084″
.0076″
.0068″
.0060″
Iron
Stubs’
Steel
Wire
Gage
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
.227″
.219″
.212″
.207″
.204″
.201″
.199″
.197″
.194″
.191″
.188″
.185″
.182″
.180″
.178″
.175″
.172″
.168″
.164″
.161″
.157″
.155″
.153″
.151″
.148″
.146″
.143″
.139″
.134″
.127″
.120″
.115″
.112″
.110″
.108″
.106″
.103″
.101″
U.S.
Standard
for Plate
Gage
.500″
.46875″
.4375″
.40625″
.375″
.34375″
.3125″
.28125″
.265625″
.250″
.234375″
.21875″
.203125″
.1875″
.171875″
.15625″
.140625″
.125″
.109375″
.09375″
.078125″
.0703125″
.0625″
.05625″
.050″
.04375″
.0375″
.034375″
.03125″
.028125″
.025″
.021875″
.01875″
.0171875″
.015625″
.0140625″
.0125″
.0109375″
.01015625″
.009375″
.00859375″
.0078125″
.00703125″
.006640625″
.00625″
Gage Standards
It is at times confusing to know what Gage Standard applies to a given product.
Therefore, we publish the following for your information.
Steel Sheets: All carbon steel, uncoated, Manufacturers’ Standard Gage; galvanized
steel, Galvanized Sheet Gage; stainless steel, Manufacturers’ Standard Gage.
Hot Rolled Strip Steel, Spring Steel Bars and Sheets, Tool Steel Sheets, and Boiler
Tubes: The standard is Birmingham Wire Gage.
Cold Rolled Strip Steel and Cold Rolled Flat Wire: While Birmingham Wire Gage
is sometimes used, decimal measure is better.
Brass, Copper, Bronze, and German Silver Sheets and Strips: The standard is
Brown & Sharpe Gage (B&S).
Brass and Copper Tubing: Birmingham Wire Gage
Steel Wire: Washburn and Moen Gage (W.&M.) is standard except for telephone and
telegraph wire.
Telephone and Telegraph Wire: Generally designated by Birmingham Wire Gage.
Music Wire: Should be ordered by decimal since manufacturers are not in agreement
as to diameters for certain gages.
Copper Wire: Brown & Sharpe Gage is standard.
Drill and Coppered Bessemer Rods: Order by decimal equivalent of size desired.
Copper Sheets: Specified in ounces per square foot.
Zinc Sheets: Standard Zinc Gage.
Tin Plates and Ternes: Order by base weight and specific size.
Carbon Plates: 40.8 lb. psf per inch of thickness.
Number
of Gage
Approx.
Thickness
Fractions
0000000
000000
00000
0000
000
00
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
⁄2″
⁄32″
⁄16″
13
⁄32″
3
⁄8″
11
⁄32″
5
⁄16″
9
⁄32″
17
⁄64″
1
⁄4″
15
⁄64″
7
⁄32″
13
⁄64″
3
⁄16″
11
⁄64″
5
⁄32″
9
⁄64″
1
⁄8″
7
⁄64″
3
⁄32″
5
⁄64″
9
⁄128″
1
⁄16″
9
⁄160″
1
⁄20″
7
⁄160″
3
⁄80″
11
⁄320″
1
⁄32″
9
⁄320″
1
⁄40″
7
⁄320″
3
⁄160″
11
⁄640″
1
⁄64″
9
⁄640″
1
⁄80″
7
⁄640″
13
⁄1280″
3
⁄320″
11
⁄1280″
5
⁄640″
9
⁄1280″
17
⁄2560″
1
⁄160″
1
15
7
Steel
Approx.
Thickness
Decimal
.5″
.46875″
.4375″
.40625″
.375″
.34375″
.3125″
.28125″
.265625″
.25″
.234375″
.21875″
.203125″
.1875″
.171875″
.15625″
.140625″
.125″
.109375″
.09375″
.078125″
.0703125″
.0625″
.05625″
.05″
.04375″
.0375″
.034375″
.03125″
.028125″
.025″
.021875″
.01875″
.0171875″
.015625″
.0140625″
.0125″
.0109375″
.01015625″
.009375″
.00859375″
.0078125″
.00703125″
.006640625″
.00625″
Approx.
Thickness
Decimal
.4902″
.4596″
.4289″
.3983″
.3676″
.3370″
.3064″
.2757″
.2604″
.2451″
.2298″
.2145″
.1991″
.1838″
.1685″
.1532″
.1379″
.1225″
.1072″
.09191″
.07659″
.06893″
.06127″
.05515″
.04902″
.04289″
.03676″
.03370″
.03064″
.02757″
.02451″
.02145″
.01838″
.01685″
.01532″
.01379″
.01225″
.01072″
.00996″
.00919″
.00843″
.00766″
.00689″
.00651″
.00613″
Weight
Lbs./Ft.2
20.00
18.75
17.50
16.25
15.00
13.75
12.50
11.25
10.625
10.00
9.375
8.75
8.125
7.5
6.875
6.25
5.625
5.00
4.375
3.75
3.125
2.8125
2.5
2.25
2.
1.75
1.50
1.375
1.25
1.125
1.
.875
.75
.6875
.625
.5625
.5
.4375
.40625
.375
.34375
.3125
.28125
.265625
.25
7
8
9
Friction of Water in Pipes
Loss of Head in Feet Due to Friction, per 100′ of Ordinary Iron Pipe
Size Pipe
Gallons
per
Minute
1
3
/4″
/8″
Vel.
Fric.
Vel.
3
1″
/4″
1
/2″
Fric.
Vel.
Fric.
Vel.
Fric.
Vel.
Fric.
—
1
3.08
28.0
1.67
6.4
1.05
2.1
—
—
—
2
6.16
103.0
3.35
23.3
2.10
7.4
1.20
1.9
—
—
3
—
—
5.02
49.0
3.16
15.8
1.80
4.1
1.12
1.26
4
—
—
6.70
84.0
4.21
27.0
2.41
7.0
1.49
2.14
—
8.37
126.0
5.26
41.0
3.01
10.5
1.86
147.0
6.02
38.0
3.72
11.7
—
9.02
80.0
5.60
25.0
—
12.03
136.0
7.44
42.0
64.0
5
—
10
—
—
—
—
10.52
15
—
—
—
—
—
20
—
—
—
—
—
3.25
25
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
9.30
30
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
11.15
89.0
35
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
13.02
119.0
40
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
14.88
152.0
45
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Size Pipe
Gallons
per
Minute
11/4″
11/2″
21/2″
2″
3″
Vel.
Fric.
Vel.
Fric.
Vel.
Fric.
Vel.
Fric.
Vel.
Fric.
4
0.86
0.57
0.63
0.26
—
—
—
—
—
—
5
1.07
0.84
0.79
0.39
10
2.14
3.05
1.57
1.43
—
1.02
—
0.50
—
0.65
—
0.17
—
0.45
—
0.07
15
3.2
6.50
2.36
3.0
1.53
1.0
0.98
0.36
0.68
0.15
20
4.29
11.1
3.15
5.2
2.04
1.82
1.31
0.61
0.91
0.25
25
5.36
16.6
3.94
7.8
2.55
2.73
1.63
0.92
1.13
0.38
30
6.43
23.5
4.72
11.0
3.06
3.84
1.96
1.29
1.36
0.54
35
7.51
31.2
5.51
14.7
3.57
5.1
2.29
1.72
1.59
0.71
40
8.58
40.0
6.30
18.8
4.08
6.6
2.61
2.20
1.82
0.91
45
9.65
50.0
7.08
23.2
4.60
8.2
2.94
2.80
2.05
1.15
50
10.72
60.0
7.87
28.4
5.11
9.9
3.27
3.32
2.27
1.38
70
15.01
113.0
11.02
53.0
7.15
18.4
4.58
6.2
3.18
2.57
90
—
—
14.17
84.0
9.19
29.4
5.88
9.8
4.09
4.08
100
—
—
15.74
102.0
10.21
35.8
6.54
12.0
4.54
4.96
120
—
—
18.89
143.0
12.25
50.0
7.84
16.8
5.45
7.0
—
22.04
190.0
14.30
67.0
9.15
22.3
6.35
9.2
86.0
10.46
29.0
7.26
11.8
140
—
160
—
—
—
—
16.34
180
—
—
—
—
18.38
107.0
11.76
35.7
8.17
14.8
200
—
—
—
—
20.42
129.0
13.07
43.1
9.08
17.8
220
—
—
—
—
22.47
154.0
14.38
52.0
9.99
21.3
240
—
—
—
—
24.51
182.0
15.69
61.0
10.89
25.1
260
—
—
—
—
26.55
211.0
16.99
70.0
11.80
29.1
—
18.30
81.0
12.71
33.4
92.0
13.62
38.0
280
—
—
—
—
—
300
—
—
—
—
—
—
19.61
350
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Vel. – Velocity in Feet per Second
Fric. – Friction Head in Feet
—
—
—
10
Size Pipe
Gallons
per
Minute
4″
5″
6″
8″
10″
12″
Vel.
Fric.
Vel.
Fric.
Vel.
Fric.
Vel.
Fric.
Vel.
Fric.
Vel.
40
1.02
0.22
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
45
1.17
0.28
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
50
1.28
0.34
—
—
—
—
—
—
1.79
0.63
—
0.21
—
70
—
1.14
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
75
1.92
0.73
1.22
0.24
—
—
—
1.23
1.63
0.39
—
0.14
—
2.55
—
1.14
—
100
—
—
—
—
—
120
3.06
1.71
1.96
0.57
1.42
0.25
—
—
—
—
—
125
3.19
1.81
2.04
0.64
1.48
0.28
—
—
—
—
—
150
3.84
2.55
2.45
0.88
1.71
0.32
—
—
—
—
—
175
4.45
3.36
2.86
1.18
2.00
0.48
—
—
—
—
—
200
5.11
4.37
3.27
1.48
2.28
0.62
—
—
—
—
—
225
6.32
6.61
3.67
1.86
2.57
0.74
—
—
6.40
6.72
4.08
2.24
2.80
0.92
—
0.22
—
250
—
1.60
—
—
—
270
6.90
7.70
4.42
2.60
3.03
1.13
1.70
0.25
—
—
—
275
7.03
7.99
4.50
2.72
3.06
1.15
1.73
0.27
—
—
—
300
7.66
9.38
4.90
3.15
3.40
1.29
1.90
0.36
—
—
—
350
8.90
12.32
5.72
4.19
3.98
1.69
2.20
0.41
—
—
—
400
10.20
15.82
6.54
5.33
4.54
2.21
2.60
0.56
11.50
19.74
7.35
6.65
5.12
2.74
2.92
0.64
—
0.21
—
450
—
1.80
470
12.16
22.40
7.78
7.42
5.49
3.12
3.07
0.77
1.92
0.24
—
475
12.30
22.96
7.88
7.22
5.55
3.21
3.10
0.79
1.94
0.25
500
12.77
24.08
8.17
8.12
5.60
3.26
3.20
0.81
2.04
0.28
—
1.42
550
—
—
8.99
9.66
6.16
3.93
3.52
0.98
2.25
0.33
1.57
11.34
6.72
4.70
3.84
1.16
2.46
0.39
1.71
—
600
—
—
9.80
650
—
—
10.62
13.16
7.28
5.50
4.16
1.34
2.66
0.46
1.85
700
—
—
11.44
15.12
7.84
6.38
4.46
1.54
2.86
0.52
2.00
750
—
—
12.26
17.22
8.50
7.00
4.80
1.74
3.06
0.59
2.13
800
—
—
—
—
9.08
7.90
5.12
1.97
3.28
0.67
2.27
—
9.58
8.75
5.48
2.28
3.48
0.75
2.41
—
10.30
10.11
5.75
2.46
3.68
0.83
2.56
—
10.72
10.71
6.06
2.87
3.88
0.91
2.70
12.04
6.40
3.02
4.08
1.01
2.84
850
900
950
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1000
—
—
—
—
11.32
1050
—
—
—
—
11.90
13.30
6.70
3.21
4.29
1.09
2.98
1100
—
—
—
—
12.50
14.31
7.03
3.51
4.50
1.20
3.13
1150
—
—
—
—
12.95
15.34
7.35
3.84
4.71
1.34
3.27
1200
—
—
—
—
13.52
16.69
7.67
4.26
4.91
1.46
3.41
—
14.10
18.20
8.00
4.45
5.11
1.51
3.55
—
9.60
6.27
6.10
2.09
4.20
—
12.70
10.71
8.10
3.50
5.60
5.33
7.00
8.40
1250
1500
2000
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2500
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
10.10
3000
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
12.10
7.42
3500
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
14.10
10.08
9.80
4000
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
11.35
4200
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
11.93
4500
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
12.78
5000
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
14.20
Vel. – Velocity in Feet per Second
Fric. – Friction Head in Feet
11
Pressure Drop of Water per 100 Feet of Flexible Plastic Pipe
1
⁄2 Inch
GPM
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1100
1200
1300
Velocity
Ft./Sec.
Press.
Drop
PSI
1.06
2.11
3.17
4.23
5.28
6.34
8.45
10.6
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
0.65
2.20
4.55
7.71
11.26
15.59
26.41
39.89
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
3
⁄4 Inch
Velocity
Ft./Sec.
Press.
Drop
PSI
0.60
1.20
1.80
2.40
3.60
4.20
4.80
6.01
9.02
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
0.14
0.49
1.04
1.65
2.43
3.25
5.20
7.93
16.81
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1 Inch
Velocity
Ft./Sec.
Press.
Drop
PSI
0.37
0.74
1.12
1.49
1.86
2.24
2.98
3.72
5.60
7.44
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
0.04
.13
.26
.44
.62
.84
1.38
2.12
4.38
7.15
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
11⁄4 Inch
Velocity
Ft./Sec.
Press.
Drop
PSI
—
0.43
.64
.86
1.07
1.28
1.72
2.14
3.21
4.29
5.36
6.43
7.51
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
0.04
.08
.14
.20
.28
.45
.69
1.43
2.38
3.51
4.68
6.07
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2 Inch
11⁄2 Inch
Velocity
Ft./Sec.
Press.
Drop
PSI
—
—
0.47
.63
.79
.95
1.26
1.57
2.36
3.15
3.94
4.72
5.51
6.30
7.08
7.87
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
0.04
.07
.10
.13
.22
.33
.67
1.10
1.65
2.25
2.86
3.68
4.38
5.16
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
3 Inch
Velocity
Ft./Sec.
Press.
Drop
PSI
—
—
—
—
—
0.57
.76
.96
1.43
1.91
2.39
2.87
3.35
3.82
4.30
4.78
5.74
6.69
7.65
8.60
9.56
11.95
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
0.04
.06
.10
.21
.36
.53
.73
.95
1.21
1.47
1.77
2.47
3.16
3.99
4.85
6.02
6.54
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Velocity
Ft./Sec.
Press.
Drop
PSI
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
0.87
1.08
1.30
1.52
1.74
1.95
2.17
2.60
3.04
3.48
3.91
4.34
5.42
6.51
7.59
8.68
9.77
10.85
11.94
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
0.05
.08
.11
.14
.18
.23
.27
.37
.48
.61
.78
.95
1.43
1.95
2.64
3.25
4.03
4.76
5.63
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
4 Inch
6 Inch
Velocity
Ft./Sec.
Press.
Drop
PS
Velocity
Ft./Sec.
Press.
Drop
PSI
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
0.88
1.01
1.13
1.26
1.51
1.76
2.01
2.26
2.52
3.15
3.78
4.41
5.04
5.67
6.30
6.93
7.56
8.18
8.82
9.45
10.08
10.70
11.33
11.96
12.59
13.84
15.10
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
0.04
.05
.06
.07
.10
.13
.16
.20
.24
.38
.51
.67
.86
1.05
1.26
1.52
1.82
2.08
2.34
2.69
2.90
3.25
3.64
4.03
4.33
5.03
6.02
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1.11
1.39
1.67
1.94
2.22
2.50
2.78
3.06
3.33
3.61
3.89
4.16
4.44
4.72
5.00
5.27
5.55
6.11
6.66
7.21
7.77
8.32
8.88
9.44
10.00
10.55
11.10
12.22
13.32
14.43
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
0.04
.06
.08
.10
.13
.16
.19
.23
.27
.31
.36
.40
.44
.49
.54
.60
.65
.77
.89
1.02
1.19
1.34
1.47
1.65
1.82
1.95
2.17
2.56
2.90
3.38
The value of “C” as calculated by the Hazen and Williams Pipe Formula is 140.
To convert pressure from psi to feet (head) of water: ft. = 2.31 × psi. To convert pressure from feet (head) of water to psi: psi = 0.4331 × ft.
Equivalent Pressure Drop of Insert Fittings
Diameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
3
Insert Adaptor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
1.5
2
Insert Coupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0.5
0.75
1
⁄2″
⁄4″
1″
11⁄4″
11⁄2″
2″
3″
4″
6″
2.75
3.5
4.5
6.5
9
14
1.25
1.5
2
3
4
6.25
Figures shown are equivalent length of straight pipe in feet, and are used to find pressure drop for insert fittings.
12
Bursting Pressures of Pipe
Internal Fluid Pressures for Pipe
Calculated by Barlow’s Formula P=2StD
P=pressure, psi; t=wall thickness, in.; D=OD, in.
S=tensile stress, psi
for welded pipe, ultimate stress
for A-Grade Seamless,
for B-Grade Seamless,
for C-Grade Seamless
Based on Barlow’s Formula P=2f Dt
D = OD, in.; t = Thickness of wall, in.; P = Pressure, in psi; f = Fiber stress, psi
=50000 psi
=50000 psi
=60000 psi
=75000 psi
Standard Pipe
Standard Pipe
Ultimate Bursting Press., PSI
Size
1
⁄8 ″
1
⁄4 ″
3
⁄8 ″
1
⁄2 ″
3
⁄4 ″
1″
1
1 ⁄4 ″
11⁄2″
2″
21⁄2″
3″
31⁄2″
4″
41⁄2″
5″
6″
7″
8″
8″
9″
10″
10″
10″
11″
12″
12″
External
Wall
Dia.
.405″
.540″
.675″
.840″
1.050″
1.315″
1.660″
1.900″
2.375″
2.875″
3.500″
4.000″
4.500″
5.000″
5.563″
6.625″
7.625″
8.625″
8.625″
9.625″
10.750″
10.750″
10.750″
11.750″
12.750″
12.750″
Wall
Thickness
.068″
.088″
.091″
.109″
.113″
.133″
.140″
.145″
.154″
.203″
.216″
.226″
.237″
.247″
.258″
.280″
.301″
.277″
.322″
.342″
.279″
.307″
.365″
.375″
.330″
.375″
Welded &
A-Grade
Seamless
16775
16296
13481
12976
10762
10114
8434
7632
6484
7061
6171
5650
5267
4940
4638
4226
3948
3212
3733
3553
2595
2856
3395
3191
2588
2941
B-Grade
Seamless
20148
19556
16178
15571
12914
12137
10120
9158
7781
8473
7406
6780
6320
5928
5565
5072
4737
3854
4480
4264
3114
3427
4074
3830
3106
3529
C-Grade
Seamless
25185
24444
20222
19464
16143
15171
12651
11447
9726
10591
9257
8475
7900
7410
6957
6340
5921
4817
5600
5330
3893
4284
5093
4787
3882
4412
28148
26444
22400
21000
17600
16335
13807
12632
11015
11520
10286
9540
8987
8520
8089
7825
7869
6957
6234
5581
5106
4706
35185
33056
28000
26250
22000
20418
17259
15789
13768
14400
12857
11925
11233
10650
10111
9781
9836
8696
7792
6977
6383
5882
42000
35200
32669
27614
25263
22029
23040
20571
19080
17973
17040
16178
15650
13770
12174
52500
44000
40837
34518
31579
27537
28800
25714
23850
22467
21300
20223
19562
17213
15217
Extra Strong Pipe
1
⁄8 ″
⁄4 ″
3
⁄8 ″
1
⁄2 ″
3
⁄4 ″
1″
11⁄4″
11⁄2″
2″
21⁄2″
3″
31⁄2″
4″
41⁄2″
5″
6″
7″
8″
9″
10″
11″
12″
1
.405″
.540″
.675″
.840″
1.050″
1.315″
1.660″
1.900″
2.375″
2.875″
3.500″
4.000″
4.500″
5.000″
5.563″
6.625″
7.625″
8.625″
9.625″
10.750″
11.750″
12.750″
.095″
.119″
.126″
.147″
.154″
.179″
.191″
.200″
.218″
.276″
.300″
.318″
.337″
.355″
.375″
.432″
.500″
.500″
.500″
.500″
.500″
.500″
23457
22037
18667
17500
14667
13612
11506
10526
9179
9600
8571
7950
7489
7100
6741
6521
6557
5797
5195
4651
4255
3922
Double Extra Strong Pipe
1
⁄2 ″
⁄4 ″
1″
11⁄4″
11⁄2″
2″
21⁄2″
3″
31⁄2″
4″
41⁄2″
5″
6″
7″
8″
3
.840″
1.050″
1.315″
1.660″
1.900″
2.375″
2.875″
3.500″
4.000″
4.500″
5.000″
5.563″
6.625″
7.625″
8.625″
.294″
.308″
.358″
.382″
.400″
.436″
.552″
.600″
.636″
.674″
.710″
.750″
.864″
.875″
.875″/
35000
29333
27224
23012
21053
18358
19200
17143
15900
14978
14200
13482
13042
11475
10145
The allowable working pressure in bursting depending upon operating conditions, is
determined by dividing the ultimate bursting pressure by one of the following factors of
safety:
Operating Conditions
Factor of Safety
Steady, gradually increasing pressure
4
Sudden change (0 to Max.) in pressure
6
Vehement pulsations
8
Ultimate Bursting
Pressure
ButtLapWeld,
Weld,
Fiber
Fiber
Stress= Stress=
40000
50000
Size
PSI
PSI
1
⁄8″
13432
—
1
⁄4″
13037
—
3
⁄8″
10785
—
1
⁄2″
10381
—
3
⁄4″
8610
—
8091
—
1″
6747
8434
11⁄4″
1
6105
7632
1 ⁄2″
5187
6484
2″
5649
7061
21⁄2″
4937
6171
3″
—
5650
31⁄2″
—
5267
4″
—
4940
41⁄2″
—
4638
5″
—
4226
6″
7″
—
3948
—
3212
8″
—
3733
8″
—
3553
9″
—
2595
10″
—
2856
10″
—
3395
10″
11″
—
3191
—
2588
12″
—
2941
12″
14″ OD
—
2679
—
2500
15″ OD
—
2344
16″ OD
—
2312
17″ OD
—
2272
18″ OD
—
2045
20″ OD
Pressures at Various Factors of Safety
Factor of
Factor of
Factor of
Safety=5
Safety=6
Safety=8
ButtLapButtLapButtLapWeld,
Weld,
Weld,
Weld,
Weld,
Weld,
Fiber
Fiber
Fiber
Fiber
Fiber
Fiber
Stress=
Stress=
Stress=
Stress=
Stress=
Stress=
8000
10000
6667
8333
5000
6250
PSI
PSI
PSI
PSI
PSI
PSI
2686
—
2239
—
1679
—
2607
—
2173
—
1630
—
2157
—
1798
—
1348
—
2076
—
1730
—
1298
—
1722
—
1435
—
1076
—
1618
—
1349
—
1011
—
1349
1687
1124
1406
843
1054
1221
1526
1018
1272
763
954
1037
1297
865
1081
648
811
1130
1412
941
1177
706
883
987
1234
823
1029
617
771
—
1130
—
942
—
706
—
1053
—
878
—
658
—
988
—
823
—
618
—
928
—
773
—
580
—
845
—
704
—
528
—
790
—
658
—
493
—
642
—
535
—
401
—
747
—
622
—
467
—
711
—
592
—
444
—
519
—
433
—
324
—
571
—
476
—
357
—
679
—
566
—
424
—
638
—
532
—
399
—
518
—
431
—
324
—
588
—
490
—
368
—
536
—
446
—
335
—
500
—
417
—
313
—
469
—
391
—
293
—
462
—
385
—
286
—
454
—
379
—
284
—
409
—
341
—
256
Extra Strong Pipe
⁄8″
1
⁄4″
3
⁄8″
1
⁄2″
3
⁄4″
1″
11⁄4″
11⁄2″
2″
21⁄2″
3″
31⁄2″
4″
41⁄2″
5″
6″
7″
8″
9″
10″
11″
12″
18765
17630
14933
14000
11733
10890
9205
8421
7343
7680
6857
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
11506
10526
9179
9600
8571
7950
7489
7100
6741
6521
6557
5797
5195
4651
4255
3922
⁄2″
3
⁄4″
1″
1
1 ⁄4″
11⁄2″
2″
21⁄2″
3″
31⁄2″
4″
41⁄2″
5″
6″
7″
8″
28000
23467
21779
18410
16842
14686
15360
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
21053
18358
19200
17143
15900
14978
14200
13482
13042
11475
10145
1
3753
3526
2987
2800
2347
2178
1841
1684
1469
1536
1371
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2301
2105
1836
1920
1714
1590
1498
1420
1348
1304
1311
1159
1039
930
851
784
3128
2938
2489
2333
1956
1815
1534
1404
1224
1280
1143
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1918
1754
1530
1600
1429
1325
1248
1183
1124
1087
1093
966
866
775
709
654
2346
2204
1867
1750
1467
1361
1151
1053
918
960
857
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1438
1316
1147
1200
1071
994
936
888
843
815
820
725
649
581
532
490
3500
2933
2722
2301
2105
1836
1920
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2632
2295
2400
2143
1988
1872
1775
1685
1630
1434
1268
Double Extra Strong Pipe
1
5600
4693
4356
3682
3368
2937
3072
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
4211
3672
3840
3429
3180
2996
2840
2696
2608
2295
2029
4667
3911
3630
3068
2807
2448
2560
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
3509
3060
3200
2857
2650
2496
2367
2247
2174
1913
1691
13
14
15