characteristic of a material
that you can observe without
changing the substance
characteristic of a substance that
indicates whether it can undergo
a certain chemical change
a
change in a size, shape or state
of matter, substance DOES
NOT change identity when it
undergoes physical change
a
change in one substance to
another substance
The mass of _______ substances present before a
chemical change equals mass of ______ substances after
the change
anything that has mass and takes up
space
explains how particles in
matter behave
all matter is composed of particles
particles are in constant, random motion
particles collide with each other and walls of their
container
The state of a sample of matter depends on _________________.
related to the average kinetic
energy of an objects atoms or molecules
increase in the size of
substance when the temperature increases and contracts
with cooled.
__________________________________________________________
change from a solid to a liquid state
temperature at which a solid melts
change from a liquid state to a solid
state
temperature at which a liquid
freezes
change from a liquid state to a
gaseous state
temperature at which a liquid
begins to vaporize
can occur at surface of
liquid without heating liquid (i.e. eventually a cup of water
will evaporate if left unattended)
change from a gaseous state to
a liquid state
temperature at which a
gas condenses
anything that flows – gas or liquid
the ability of a fluid (liquid or gas) to
exert an upward force on an object immersed in it – this is
called
the buoyant force on an
object in a fluid is equal to the weight of fluid it displaced
by the object
The boat displaces enough water to equal weight of boat,
therefore it floats.
pressure applied to a fluid is
transmitted unchanged throughout the fluid
Example: Squeezing the end of a tube of toothpaste
as the velocity of a fluid
, the pressure exerted by the fluid
Example: the design of an airplane wing
as the volume of gas
, the pressure of a gas
provided the temperature does not change
Example: weather balloon
,
as temperature
,
the volume, provided pressure exerted by the fluid
Example: hot air balloon
as
temperature increases, the pressure increases, provided
the volume does not change
Example: popping popcorn
Principle/Laws
Explanation
The pressure
put on fluid
stays the same
through-out the
fluid.
When the
volume of air in
syringe
decreased, more
pressure was
exerted on
marshmallow.
Since pressure
stayed the same
the gas
expanded out of
the can as
temperature
increased.
Drawing
the ability of a fluid (liquid or
gas) to exert an upward force on an object immersed in it –
this is called
homogeneous mixture of
particles so small that they cannot even be seen with a
microscope and will never settle to the bottom of their
container
Examples: vinegar, soda (unopened), and Hydrogen
peroxide
type of mixture with particles that
are larger than those in solution but still too light to settle
out
Examples: Milk (water & fat), Fog (water & air), cool whip
**Detecting colloids is sometimes difficult so shinning a
beam of light at colloid will make the light scatter – this
scattering light by colloid is called the Tyndall Effect
heterogeneous mixture
containing in which visible particles settle
Examples: Italian dressing, muddy pond water, chocolate
milk
**Hint: If it needs shaking to mix, then it’s a suspension
fixed composition
materials are mixed unevenly
varied composition
materials are mixed evenly
has mass and takes up space
substance made up of atoms
with same identity
Examples: gold, helium, aluminum
atoms of two or more elements
combined
Examples: water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2)
type of matter with a fixed
composition that cannot be separated by physical means
mixture in which different
materials can be easily distinguished
Examples: Pizza, Fruit salad, granite
material made up of two or
more substances that can be separated by physical means
mixture in which two or
more substances are uniformly spread out
Examples: vinegar, salt water