THE JEFFERSON ERA
CHAPTER 10
ELECTION OF 1800
• FEDERALISTS- JOHN ADAMS
• DEMOCRATIC REPUBLICANS- JEFFERSON
• JEFFERSON ARGUED THAT GOVERNMENT WAS GETTING OUT OF CONTROL (EX: ALIEN
SEDITION ACTS)
• FEDERALISTS ARGUED THAT THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLICANS WERE RADICALS WHO WOULD
DESTROY THE COUNTRY
• JEFFERSON 73 ELECTORAL VOTES, ADAMS 65, AARON BURR 73 VOTES (TIE!!!!!!!)
TIEBREAKER
• HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HAD TO BREAK THE TIE BUT FEDERALISTS CONTROLLED IT AND
WERE GOING TO DECIDE THE WINNER BETWEEN A FEDERALIST (ADAMS) AND 2 DEMOCRATIC
REPUBLICANS (JEFFERSON AND BURR)
• IT TOOK 36 VOTES, AND JEFFERSON BECAME PRESIDENT AND BURR VP
JEFFERSON AS PRESIDENT
• WANTED LIMITED GOVERNMENT, COUNTRY TO STAY MOSTLY FARMERS, AND HANG ON TO ITS
CORE VALUES
• REDUCED NUMBER OF GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES AND SIZE OF MILITARY, LOWERED TAXES,
AND ENDED THE ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS
• REDUCED THE COUNTRY’S DEBT
JUDICIARY ACT 1801
• PRESIDENT ADAMS APPOINTED AS MANY FEDERALIST JUDGES TO THE SUPREME COURT AS
POSSIBLE BEFORE HE LEFT OFFICE
• THIS KEPT THE JUDICIAL BRANCH CONTROLLED BY FEDERALISTS (OTHER BRANCHES
CONTROLLED BY DEMOCRATIC REPUBLICANS)
MARBURY VS MADISON
• SUPREME COURT CREATED CONCEPT OF JUDICIAL REVIEW
• COURT WOULD BE FINAL SAY ON THE MEANING OF THE CONSTITUTION
NEW STATES
• KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE BECAME STATES IN 1800
• OHIO BECAME A STATE IN 1803
LOUISIANA PURCHASE
• PORT OF NEW ORLEANS WAS CONTROLLED BY SPANISH, THEN THE FRENCH
• FRENCH WANTED TO CLOSE THE PORT OF NEW ORLEANS TO AMERICANS WHICH BROUGHT
USA ON VERGE OF WAR WITH FRANCE
• JEFFERSON OFFERED TO BUY NEW ORLEANS AND FRANCE RESPONDED BY OFFERING THE
ENTIRE LOUISIANA TERRITORY FOR SALE (MISSISSIPPI RIVER TO ROCKY MOUNTAINS)
• NOTHING IN CONSTITUTION SAID THE PRESIDENT COULD PURCHASE LAND
• 1803, USA PURCHASED THE ENTIRE LOUISIANA TERRITORY FOR $15 MILLION (3 CENTS/ACRE)
• THIS PURCHASE DOUBLED THE SIZE OF THE USA
LEWIS AND CLARK
• EXPLORED THE AMERICAN WEST BEGINNING IN 1803 AFTER THE LA PURCHASE
• AIDED BY A NATIVE AMERICAN WOMAN, SACAGAWEA
• HELPED TRANSLATE WITH NATIVE AMERICANS THEY CAME ACROSS
• ALSO HELPED THE NATIVE AMERICANS BELIEVE THEY CAME IN PEACE
• DOCUMENTED THE PEOPLE, ANIMALS, PLANTS, ETC THAT THEY SAW AND CREATED MAPS OF
THE NEW TERRITORY
ZEBULON PIKE
• LED A SOUTHERN EXPLORATION OF LA TERRITORY
• NOT AS ACCURATE AS THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION
ROAD TO WAR
• ENGLAND AND FRANCE WERE AT WAR WITH EACH OTHER BEGINNING IN 1803
• BOTH COUNTRIES SEIZED AMERICAN SHIPS HEADED TO THEIR ENEMY
• BRITISH NAVY NEEDED SAILORS SO BADLY THAT THEY USED IMPRESSMENT (KIDNAPPED US
SAILORS AND FORCED THEM INTO THE BRITISH NAVY)
EMBARGO ACT OF 1807
• BANNED US SHIPS FROM TRADING IN FOREIGN PORTS
• STARTED TO DESTROY THE AMERICAN ECONOMY
NATIVE AMERICAN TROUBLES
• TECUMSEH WANTED TO UNITE THE NATIVE AMERICAN TRIBES TO STOP THE AMERICANS FROM
STEALING THEIR LANDS
• WILLIAMS HENRY HARRISON, GOVERNOR OF INDIANNA TERRITORY SIGNED DEAL WITH SOME
OF THE NATIVE AMERICANS TO BUY 3 MILLION ACRES OF LAND
• TECUMSEH DIDN’T FOLLOW THIS, SAYING ALL THE TRIBES HAD TO AGREE FOR THIS TO HAPPEN
WAR OF 1812
• WAR HAWKS-PEOPLE WHO CALLED FOR WAR WITH BRITISH
• CONGRESS DECLARED WAR ON BRITISH JUNE 1812
• FROM 1812-1814 THE BRITISH JUST SENT SHIPS TO BLOCK AMERICAN SHIPS AND HURT
AMERICAN TRADE (BRITISH WERE FIGHTING FRENCH AT THE TIME)
• AMERICAN ARMY AND NAVY WERE SMALL AND UNPREPARED FOR WAR DUE THE CUTS MADE
BY JEFFERSON
BATTLE OF LAKE ERIE
• NAVY BATTLE
• AMERICANS LED BY OLIVER HAZARD PERRY
• DURING BATTLE, PERRY SHIP WAS DESTROYED, HE ROWED TO ANOTHER SHIP AND CONTINUED
THE BATTLE, FORCING THE BRITISH TO SURRENDER
BATTLE OF THE THAMES (OCTOBER 1813)
• GENERAL WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON LED HIS FORCES INTO BRITISH CANADA
• TECUMSEH DIED DURING THIS BATTLE, FIGHTING FOR THE BRITISH
BRITISH ATTACK WASHINGTON DC
• BRITISH BURNED THE CAPITOL AND THE WHITE HOUSE AND CAPTURED WASHINGTON DC
BATTLE OF FORT MCHENRY
• STAR SPANGLED BANNER WRITTEN BY FRANCIS SCOTT KEY DESCRIBING HIS EYE WITNESS
ACCOUNT OF THE BATTLE
BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS
• AMERICANS LED BY ANDREW JACKSON
• AMERICANS WON
• BRITISH HAD 2500 CASUALTIES AND AMERICANS HAD 71
• WAR HAD ENDED 2 WEEKS BEFORE BATTLE WAS OVER AND THE SOLDIERS NEVER KNEW
IMPACT OF THE WAR OF 1812
• INCREASED AMERICAN PATRIOTISM
• BROKE THE STRENGTH OF THE NATIVE AMERICANS
• INCREASED AMERICAN MANUFACTURING AND MADE US LESS RELIANT ON FOREIGN MADE
PRODUCTS