THE BLACK HOLE WARS
Investigating paradoxes that revolve
around black holes.
TOPICS
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What is a black hole
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Bekenstein and Hawking's contributions
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The Information Paradox.
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Leonard Susskind and Gerard't Hooft
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Resolution?
WHAT IS A BLACK HOLE?
Credit: NewsDiscovery.com
EINSTEIN'S WORK
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Black holes were initially predicted by Einstein's
theory of general relativity.
Image credit: Nasa.gov
BLACK HOLE PROPERTIES?
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Massive star collapses
Gravitational forces warp space-time and are
so large that they crush the center into what is
known as a singularity.
“Place where space and time come to an end.”
-Stephen Hawking.
Event horizon.
Cross the event horizon nothing can escape,
not even light.
TWO KNOWN TYPES
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Steller black holes
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Supermassive black holes
BEKENSTEIN'S CONTRIBUTIONS
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In 1972 Jacob Bekenstein suggests that black
holes must have entropy.
Total information is proportional to it's area.
HAWKING'S CONTRIBUTIONS
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If a black hole has entropy, it must have a
temperature.
The result was Stephen Hawkings famous equation
for entropy of a black hole.
HAWKING'S CONTRIBUTIONS
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If it has a temperature, this must mean it is
radiating energy and will eventually evaporate
and dissapear.
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Information is lost?
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The Information Paradox.
INFORMATION PARADOX
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Contradicts one of the most fundemental
principles in physics.
Given the conditions of a system at a given
point in time, we should be able to look back
in time and understand what occurred prior
to the present state.
Causality
INFORMATION
Image credit: theguardian.com
HOW DO WE FIX THIS?
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The answer would come as a result of looking at
a contradiction that occurs at the edge of a black
hole (event horizon).
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Image credit: daviddarling.info
DEAD …...AND ALIVE?
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What occurs when falling into a black hole is
completely dependent on where the observer is.
Image credit: snc.edu
LEONARD SUSSKIND AND GERARD'T
HOOFT
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The person entering the black hole has his
information smeared onto the event
horizon, so that it appears to dissintigrate.
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The person still thinks they are in tact.
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Projector effect.
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Information remains stretched on the edge
of a black hole, is not destroyed and is still
retrievable.
HAWKING'S RESPONSE
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In 2004 at a conference in Dublin, Stephen
Hawking admits that he was wrong.
However, he claims that Susskind wasn't right
either.
CONCLUSION
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Leonard Susskind and Herard't Hooft are
currently working on theory known as the
holographic principle.
Stephen Hawking formulates a new theory
involving the sum of all histories.
Although the information paradox was
seemingly resolved the a battle continues
between competing theories.
REFERENCES
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DeGrasse Tyson, Neil (2007). Death By Black Hole, New
York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company Inc.
Susskind, Leonard (2008). The Black Hole Wars, Stanford,
CA: Little, Brown and Company
Thorne, Kip S. (1994). Black Holes & Time Warps, New
York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company Inc.
Schroeder, Daniel V.(2000). Thermal Physics, Addison
Wesley Longman.