Luminescent Materials and their Application Areas Chemical Composition 3+
Al2O3:Cr Al2O3:Ti3+ (Ba,Sr)2SiO4:Eu2+ Ba2LiSi7AlN12:Eu2+ Ba2Si5N8:Eu2+ Ba3(PO4)2:Eu2+ Ba5GeO4Br6:Eu2+ Ba5SiO4Br6:Eu2+ Ba(F,Br):Eu2+ Ba(F,Cl):Eu2+ BaAl8O13:Eu2+ BaAl12O19:Eu2+ BaAl12O19:Mn2+ BaF2 BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+ BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+,Mn2+ BaSi2O5:Pb2+ BaSi7N10:Eu2+ Bi4Ge3O12 Ca2MgSi2O7:Eu2+,Nd3+ Ca2Si5N8:Eu2+ Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl):Sb3+ Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl):Sb3+,Mn2+ CaAl2O4:Eu2+,Nd3+ CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ (Ca,Mg)SiO3:Mn2+ (Ca,Sr)AlSiN3:Eu2+ (Ca,Sr)2SiO4:Eu2+ CaS:Ce3+,Na+ CaS:Ce3+,Sm3+ CaS:Eu2+ CaS:Eu2+,Sm3+ CaS:Eu2+,Tm3+ CaS:Mn2+ CaSc2O4:Eu2+ CaSiO3:Mn2+,Pb2+ CaWO4 CaWO4:Pb2+ CaZnGe2O6:Mn2+ CdSe CdWO4 Cd2B2O5:Mn2+ Application Areas Laser gain media (694 nm), NIR imaging, gemstones Laser gain media (650 – 1100 nm), gemstones LEDs (green) LEDs (515 nm) LEDs (580 nm) Storage screens Storage screens Storage screens Storage screens X‐ray intensifying screens Color 80 FLs (478 nm) Color 80 FLs (440 nm) PDPs (green pixel) Crystals for high performance calorimeters FLs(color 80), PDPs (blue pixel), DB Xe discharge lamps FLs (color 90), PDPs (green pixel), DB Xe discharge lamps FLs for tanning (350 nm) LEDs (blue) PET detectors, scintillator screens Long afterglow screens (green) LEDs (red) FLs („haloblue“) FLs (color 70, „halophosphate lamps“) Long afterglow screens (440 nm: blue) LEDs (650 nm: deep red) CRT screens (yellow) LEDs (red) LEDs (orange) LEDs (green) Storage screens DCPEL, LEDs, EL displays (red pixel) Storage screens Long afterglow screens (red) DCPEL, EL displays (green pixel) LEDs (green) Storage screens (orange) X‐ray intensifying screens X‐ray intensifying screens Long afterglow screens (red) QD LED LCD Displays (red) Scintillator screens FLs (626 nm, mid 20th century) Prof. Dr. Thomas Jüstel, Münster University of Applied Sciences ‐ 1/5 ‐ CeF3 CeMgAl11O19:Tb3+ CsI CsI:Na+ CsI:Tl+ Ga2O3:Eu Gd2O2S:Eu3+ Gd2O2S:Pr3+,Ce3+ Gd2O2S:Tb3+ Gd2SiO5:Ce3+ Gd2SiO5:Tb3+ Gd3Ga5O12:Ce3+,Cr3+ Gd3Ga5O12:Tb3+ Gd3Sc2Al3O12:Sm3+ GdAlO3:Cr3+ GdMgB5O10:Ce3+ GdMgB5O10:Ce3+,Tb3+ GdMgB5O10:Ce3+,Tb3+,Mn2+ GdTaO4:Eu3+ GdTaO4:Tb3+ InBO3:Eu3+ InBO3:Tb3+ K2SiF6:Mn4+ KMgF3:Mn2+ KY3F10:Pr3+ La2O2S:Tb3+ La3Si6N11:Ce3+ LaB3O6:Gd3+,Bi3+ LaBO3:Sm3+ LaF3:Ce3+ LaMgAl11O19:Ce3+ LaOBr:Tb3+ LaOBr:Tm3+ LaPO4:Ce3+ LaPO4:Ce3+,Tb3+ LiAlO2:Fe3+ LiEuMo2O8:Eu3+ LiYF4:Pr3+ Lu2SiO5:Ce3+ Lu2Si2O7:Ce3+ LuAlO3:Ce3+ Lu3Al5O12:Ce3+ Lu3Al5O12:Er3+ Lu3Al5O12:Eu3+ Lu3Al5O12:Nd3+ Lu3Al5O12:Pr3+ LuPO4:Ce3+ Crystals for high performance calorimeters Color 80 FLs (544 nm) Crystals for high performance calorimeters Scintillator screens CT detectors EL displays (red pixel) X‐Ray intensifying screens X‐Ray intensifying screens Low‐voltage CRTs, FEDs (green pixel) PET detectors, scintillator screens X‐Ray intensifying screens CT detectors X‐Ray intensifying screens Laser gain media (red) NIR medical imaging and therapy FLs (cosmetic, UV‐A) Color 80 FLs (544 nm) Color 90 FLs (630 nm) X‐Ray intensifying screens (red) X‐Ray intensifying screens (green) Low‐voltage CRTs (orange pixel) Low‐voltage CRTs (green pixel) LEDs (631 nm) CRTs (orange pixel) Laser gain media Low‐voltage CRTs (green pixel) LEDs (yellow) FLs for medical purposes (311 nm) Security marking Scintillator screens FLs for cosmetic or medical purposes (345 nm) Low‐voltage CRTs (green pixel) X‐ray intensifying screens (blue) Cosmetic and medical FLs (320 nm) Color 80 FLs (544 nm) FLs (plant growth) LEDs (615 nm) Laser gain media PET detectors, scintillator screens PET detectors, scintillator screens PET detectors, scintillator screens LEDs, PET detectors, scintillator screens Laser gain media, luminescent marker Luminescent marker Laser gain media UV‐B lamps (310 nm), PET detectors PET detectors, Scintillator screens Prof. Dr. Thomas Jüstel, Münster University of Applied Sciences ‐ 2/5 ‐ MgSiO3:Eu2+,Dy3+,Mn2+ Mg2SnO4:Mn2+ Mg13As2O18:Mn4+ Mg8Ge2O11F2:Mn4+ MgF2:Mn2+ MgS:Eu2+ MgWO4 NaI:Tl+ NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ NaYF4:Yb3+,Tm3+ RbBr:Tl+ ScBO3:Tb3+ Sr2Al6O11:Eu2+ Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+,Nd3+ Sr2MgSi2O7:Pb2+ Sr2P2O7:Eu2+ Sr2SiO4:Eu2+,Dy3+ Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+ Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+,Yb2+ (Sr,Mg)(PO4)3:Sn2+ (Sr,Zn)(PO4)3:Sn2+ Sr3Gd2Si6O18:Pb2+,Mn2+ Sr4Al14O25:Eu2+,Dy3+ Sr5(PO4)3Cl:Eu2+ SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ SrAl12O19:Ce3+,Na+ SrAl12O19:Sm3+ SrB4O7:Eu2+ SrB4O7:Sm2+ SrGa2O4:Pr3+ SrGa2O4:Tm3+ SrGa2S4:Ce3+,Na+ SrGa2S4:Eu2+ SrGa2S4:Pb2+ SrLiAl3N4:Eu2+ SrMgSi3N4:Eu2+ SrS:Ce3+ SrS:Eu2+ SrS:Eu2+,Sm3+ SrSc2O4:Eu Tb3Al5O12:Ce3+ Y2O3:Eu3+ (Y,Gd)2O3:Eu3+,Pr3+ Y2O2S:Eu3+ Y2O2S:Yb3+,Er3+ Y2SiO5:Ce3+ Y2SiO5:Ce3+,Sm3+ Long afterglow screens (red) Long afterglow screens (cyan) HP Hg discharge lamps, FLs (655 nm: red decoration) HP Hg discharge lamps, FLs (660 nm: red decoration) Radar screens (orange) CRT screens (orange ), Dosimeters X‐ray intens. screens, CRTs, FLs (480 nm, mid 20th century) PET detectors, Scintillator screens Up‐Converter crystals (green) Up‐Converter crystals (blue) Storage screens CRTs (green pixel) Color 90 FLs (492 nm) Long afterglow screens (blue) FLs (cosmetic, UV‐A) FLs (Photocopy lamps, violet) Long afterglow screens (orange) LEDs (620 nm) Long afterglow screens (red) HP Hg discharge lamps (orange‐red) HP Hg discharge lamps (orange‐red) FLs (green) Color 90 FLs (490 nm), long AG screens (cyan) Color 80 FLs (445 nm) Long afterglow screens (520 nm) Cosmetic FLs (300 nm) Security marking, NIR imaging Blacklight lamps, Cosmetic FLs (368 nm) Security marking EL displays (red pixel) EL displays (blue pixel) Flying‐spot scanner tubes (blue) ACTFEL, LEDs, EL displays (green pixel) Flying‐spot scanner tubes (orange) LEDs (650 nm) LEDs (615 nm) DCPEL, EL displays (green pixel) LEDs, EL displays (red pixel) Storage screens Long afterglow screens (686 nm) LEDs (yellow) Color 80 FLs (611 nm), FEDs, PDPs (red pixel) CT Detectors, CL lamps, PDPs (red pixel) CRTs, FEDs (red pixel: 627 nm) Up‐Converter (green) Low‐voltage CRTs (blue pixel), storage screens Storage screens Prof. Dr. Thomas Jüstel, Münster University of Applied Sciences ‐ 3/5 ‐ Y2SiO5:Ce3+,Tb3+ Y2SiO5:Tb3+ Y2Si2O7:Ce3+ Y2W3O12:Eu3+ Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ (Y,Gd)3Al5O12:Ce3+ Y3(Al,Ga)5O12:Ce3+ Y3Al5O12:Er3+ Y3Al5O12:Eu3+ Y3(Al,Ga)5O12:Tb3+ Y3Al5O12:Ho3+ Y3Al5O12:Nd3+ Y3(Al,Ga)5O12:Nd3+ Y3Al5O12:Pr3+ Y3Al5O12:Tb3+ Y3(Al,Ga)5O12:Tb3+ Y3Al5O12:Yb3+ Y3(Al,Ga)5O12:Yb3+ (Y,Gd)BO3:Eu3+ (Y,Gd)BO3:Tb3+ YAlO3:Ce3+ YPO4:Bi3+ YPO4:Ce3+ YPO4:Nd3+ YTaO4:Nb5+ YTaO4:Tm3+ YVO4 YVO4:Eu3+ YVO4:Nd3+ Y(V,P)O4:Eu3+ Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ (Zn,Be)2SiO4:Mn2+ Zn2(Si,Ge)O4:Mn2+ Zn3(PO4)2:Mn2+ ZnGa2O4:Mn2+ ZnO:Zn0 ZnS:Ag+ (Zn,Cd)S:Ag+ (Zn,Cd)S:Ag+ ZnS:Cu+,Al3+,Au+ ZnS:Cu+,Co3+ ZnS:Mn2+ (Zn,Cd)S:Mn2+ ZnS:Tb3+ ZnWO4 HP Hg discharge lamps Low‐voltage CRTs (green pixel) Flying spot scanner, Beam index tubes Low‐voltage CRTs (red pixel) LEDs, color 90 FLs, HP Hg and DB Xe discharge lamps LEDs (yellow) LEDs, Low‐voltage CRTs (green pixel) Laser gain media (IR: 1.56 µm), Luminescent marker Luminescent marker FEDs (green pixel) Laser gain media (NIR) Laser gain media (NIR) Laser gain media (NIR) UV‐B Lamps (320 nm) Low‐voltage CRTs (green pixel) Low‐voltage CRTs (green pixel) Laser gain media (NIR) Laser gain media (NIR) PDPs (red pixel), DB Xe discharge lamps PDPs (green pixel ), DB Xe discharge lamps PET detectors, scintillator screens (blue) DB Xe discharge lamps (disinfection, UV‐C) FLs (cosmetic, UV‐A) DB Xe discharge lamps (photolysis, VUV) X‐Ray intensifying screens X‐Ray intensifying screens PDPs (blue pixel) HP Hg discharge lamps, CRTs (red pixel: 615 nm) Laser gain media (NIR) HP Hg discharge lamps, PDPs (red pixel: 615 nm) Color 80 FLs (525 nm), CRTs, FEDs, PDPs (green pixel) FLs (mid 20th century) EL Displays (green pixel) CRTs (red pixel) EL Displays (cyan) CRTs, EL (green pixel) CRTs, FEDs (blue pixel: 450 nm) CRTs (green pixel) CRTs (red pixel) ACPEL, CRTs (green pixel) Long afterglow screens (green) ACPEL, EL Displays (yellow pixel) ACPEL, EL Displays (yellow pixel) ACTFEL screens (green) Scintillator screens Prof. Dr. Thomas Jüstel, Münster University of Applied Sciences ‐ 4/5 ‐ Abbreviations ACPEL Alternating Current Powder Electro Luminescence ACTFEL Alternating Current Thin Film Electro Luminescence AG Afterglow CFL Compact Fluorescent Lamp CL Cathode Luminescence CRT Cathode‐Ray Tube CT Computed Tomography DB Dielectric Barrier DCPEL During Current Powder Electro Luminescence DCTFEL During Current Thin Film Electro Luminescence EL Electro Luminescence EUV Extreme Ultra‐Violet (10 ‐ 100 nm) FED Field Emission Display FIR Far Infra‐Red (50 ‐ 1000 µm) FL Fluorescent Lamp HP High‐Pressure IR‐A Infra‐Red A (700 – 1400 nm) IR‐B Infra‐Red B (1400 – 3000 nm) IR‐C Infra‐Red A (3000 nm – 1000 µm) LCD Liquid Crystal Display LD Laser Diode LED Light Emitting Diode LP Low‐Pressure MIR Mid Infra‐Red (3 ‐ 50 µm) MP Medium‐Pressure NIR Near Infra‐Red (0.7 ‐ 3 µm) OLED Organic Light Emitting Diode PDP Plasma Display Panel PET Positron Emission Tomography PL Photo Luminescence QD Quantum Dot UC Up‐Conversion UV Ultra‐Violet UV‐A Ultra‐Violet A (320 – 400 nm) UV‐B Ultra‐Violet B (280 – 320 nm) UV‐C Ultra‐Violet C (200 – 280 nm) VUV Vacuum Ultra‐Violet (100 – 200 nm) Prof. Dr. Thomas Jüstel, Münster University of Applied Sciences ‐ 5/5 ‐