APES REVIEW for College Board Exam
BIODIVERSITY
1) Conservation
2) Preservation
3) Keystone species
4) Indicator species
5) Characteristics of endangered species
6) Endangered species (Give at least 4 examples)
7) Invasive/Alien/Exotic species
CYCLES/PROCESSES
8) Parts of the hydrologic cycle
9) Nitrogen fixing
10) Ammonification
11) Nitrification
12) Assimilation
13) Denitrification
14) Phosphorus does not circulate as easily as nitrogen because
15) How excess phosphorus is added to aquatic ecosystems
16) Photosynthesis
17) Aerobic respiration
18) Anaerobic Respiration
19) Transpiration
20) Largest reservoirs of C
ECOLOGY
21) Sustainability
22) The Tragedy of the Commons
23) Natural selection
24) Energy flow in food webs or chains, through trophic systems (10% Rule; Bioaccumulation/Biomagnification)
25) Biotic and abiotic
26) Competition
27) Producer/Autotroph
28) Primary succession
29) Secondary succession
30) Mutualism
31) Commensalism
32) Parasitism
33) Biomes (Identify different types. Use pages 154-163)
34) Carrying capacity
35) R strategist
36) K strategist
37) Positive feedback
38) Negative feedback
39) Doubling time/Rule of 70
40) Replacement level fertility
41) World Population
U.S. Population
42) Preindustrial stage
43) Transitional stage
44) Industrial stage
45) Postindustrial stage
46) Age structure diagrams
47) First and second most populated countries
48) Most important thing affecting population growth
49) Ways to decrease birth rate
50) True cost / External costs
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ELECTRICITY
51) Cogeneration
52) Electricity generated by fossil fuels, biomass or nuclear power
53) Hydroelectric power
ENERGY, GENERAL
54) Thermal gradient
55) Ionizing radiation
56) High Quality Energy
57) Low Quality Energy
58) First Law of Thermodynamics
59) Second Law of Thermodynamics
60) Best solutions to energy shortage
61) Alternate energy sources
62) Units of Energy
ENERGY, NUCLEAR
63) Natural radioactive decay
64) Half-life
65) Estimate of how long a radioactive isotope must be stored until it decays to a safe level
66) Nuclear Fission
67) Nuclear Fusion
68) Major parts of a nuclear reactor
69) Three most serious nuclear accidents
FOSSIL FUELS
70) Petroleum formation
71) Pros of petroleum
72) Cons of petroleum
73) Steps in coal formation
74) Types of mining practices
75) Mineral Reserves
PESTS
76)
77)
78)
79)
80)
Major insecticide groups (and examples)
Pesticide pros
Pesticide cons
Natural pest control
In natural ecosystems, methods which control 50-90% of pests
POLLUTION, AIR
81) Particulate matter
82) Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)
83) Sulfur oxides (SOx)
84) Carbon oxides (CO and CO2)
85) Ozone (O3)
86) Radon (Rn)
87) Photochemical Smog and Industrial Smog
88) Acid deposition
89) Greenhouse gases
90) Effects of global warming
91) Stratospheric ozone depletion
92) Effects of ozone depletion
93) Primary air pollutants
94) Secondary Air Pollutants
95) Sources of mercury
96) Major source of sulfur
97) Sick Building Syndrome
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POLLUTION, GENERAL
98) Point vs. non-point sources
99) Rachel Carson
POLLUTION, WATER
100) Chlorine
101) Fecal coliform/Enterococcus bacteria
102) BOD
103) Eutrophication
104) Hypoxia
105) Anoxic
106) pH
107) Exxon Valdez
SOIL/GEOLOGY
108) Surface mining
109) Ore
110) Humus
111) Leaching
112) Illuviation
113) Loam
114) Soil Profile, horizons in order
115) Soil Triangle/Pyramid
116) Organic fertilizer
117) Salinization of soil
118) Volcano and Earthquake occurrence
119) Monoculture
120) Food
TOXICOLOGY
121) LD50 (LD-50, LD50)
122) Threshold dose
WATER
123) Percent water on earth by type
124) Aquifer
125) Ogallala
126) Subsidence
127) Cone of depression
128) Salt water intrusion
129) Ways to conserve water
130) Three Gorges Dam
131) Wetlands
132) Florida Everglades Restoration Plan
133) Wastewater Treatment (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary)
WASTE, HAZARDOUS AND EFFECTS
134) Hazardous Waste (as defined by RCRA) – Mutagen, Teratogen, Carcinogen
135) Love Canal, NY
WASTE, SOLID
136) Main component of municipal solid waste (MSW)
137) Sanitary landfill problems and solutions
138) Incineration advantages
139) Incineration disadvantages
140) Best way to solve waste problem
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WEATHER/CLIMATE
141) ENSO
142) During an El Niño year
143) During a non El Niño year
144) Effects of El Niño
145) Temperature Inversion
146) Layers of the atmosphere
147) Forest Fires
LEGISLATION: Note – original years of inception are included FYI
MINING
148)Surface Mining Control & Reclamation Act: (1977)
149)Madrid Protocol: (1991)
WATER
150) Safe Drinking Water Act: (SDWA, 1974)
151) Clean Water Act: (CWA, 1972)
152) Ocean Dumping Ban Act: (1988)
AIR
153) Clean Air Act: (CAA, 1970)
154) Kyoto Protocol: (2005)
155) Montreal Protocol: (1987)
WASTE, SOLID AND HAZARDOUS
156) Resource Conservation & Recovery Act (RCRA): (1976)
157) Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation & Liability Act (CERCLA): (1980)
158) Nuclear Waste Policy Act: (1982)
159) Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA, 1996):
LIFE
160)
161)
162)
163)
Endangered Species Act: (1973)
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES):
Magnuson-Stevens Act: (1976)
Healthy Forest Initiative: (HFI, Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003)
GENERAL
164)National Environmental Policy Act: (1969)
165)Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants: (2004)
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