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1
Introduction
MOST YOUNG SINGLE WOMEN are having sex and
most have used some form of birth control at some point. Nearly all
say they are trying to avoid pregnancy at this time in their lives. Still,
49 percent of unmarried women age 18-29 do not use contraception
consistently.i Nearly two million of them get pregnant every year and
most say the pregnancy was unplanned.ii
Despite more birth control options than ever before, despite an
Internet full of information about birth control (see Bedsider.org,
for example), and despite their own desire to avoid pregnancy,
young women aren’t as good at using contraception as they should be.
It seems that many young single women who are not trying to get
pregnant are not trying hard enough not to.
Why do so many young women say they don’t want to get pregnant
and yet use birth control so sporadically? Why don’t more young
of women surveyed
have used some method
of contraception in
their lives
women who are trying to avoid pregnancy use the most effective
methods of contraception? What causes them concern? What are
the barriers to better use? What kinds of feelings do they associate
with using birth control? Why do single young women who are not
trying to get pregnant not try harder to avoid it?
The National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy
teamed up with Cosmopolitan magazine—often considered the
bible for sexually active, single, young women—to examine these
very issues. The results presented here are from a nationally
Readers should note that those who participated in the survey
representative survey conducted by TRU, a worldwide leader in
represent a specific slice of the millennial universe to be sure.
research on teens and twenty-somethings. This online survey was
As noted previously, the responses presented here are entirely
administered in March 2013 to more than 1,000 unmarried women,
from unmarried women who do not have children, who do have sex,
age 18-29, none of whom have had children, all of whom have
and who don’t want to get pregnant right now. By comparison, among
had sex, and none of whom are trying to get pregnant. Among the
all American women age 18-29, only 33% fit this description.­iii
women who were surveyed:
Not surprisingly, this specific profile is more likely to describe those
• Even though more than eight in 10 say they would be upset if they
in the younger part of the age bracket. Among all 18-22 year-old
got pregnant, nearly half (48%) say it is at least a little bit likely
women in the United States, 44% fit the description of our survey
they will have unprotected sex in the next year; one in five say it
respondent. On the older end of the spectrum—women age
is very likely.
26-29—only 19% do. For this reason, younger women are given
particular focus in this report.
• More than half (58%) admit to not using contraception all the time.
•O
ne in three (30%) have used emergency contraception
(also known as the morning after pill).
• One in four (24%) have let a partner talk them out of using contraception.
• More than eight in 10 (82%) of those who have had a pregnancy
scare say that experience made them more careful about using
protection and more than half (54%) say it made them switch
to a more reliable method of birth control.
• And yet 78% say they are totally satisfied with their current
method of contraception.
1
Pregnancy Intention vs. Behavior
ALL OF THE WOMEN IN THIS SURVEY—every
next year; nearly half say it is at least a little bit likely. Three out of
last one of them—say they do not want to get pregnant at this
four (74%) say they’ve had unprotected sex in the past and nearly six
time in their lives. In fact, more than eight in 10 (82%) say they’d
in 10 (58%) have done so in the past couple of years. Many of those
be upset if they found out today that they were pregnant. More than
age 18-29 (44%)—and 56% of those age 18-22—say they are often
half—56%—say they’d be very upset. Among those age 18-22, two
nervous they are pregnant and relieved when they learn that they
out of three (65%) would be very upset.
are not. In addition, about one in three (30%) have used emergency
contraception, making it the third most commonly used form of
Yet despite their stated intention to avoid pregnancy, fully one in five
birth control after condoms and the pill.
(20%) admit it is very likely they will have unprotected sex in the
More than women say
they would be upset if they got pregnant, yet:
have had unprotected
sex in the past
admit to not using
contraception all the time
say it is likely they
will have unprotected
sex in the next year
2
Contraception: What Single Young Women Use
NEARLY EVERYONE IN THIS GROUP (99%)
HAS ALREADY USED SOME METHOD OF
CONTRACEPTION TO PREVENT PREGNANCY
Condom use is widespread among young single women. Nearly six
in 10 (56%) of those age 18-29 and 62% of those age 18-22 say
that condoms are the method they’ve used most recently. However,
at some point in her life. More than nine out of 10 (92%) have used
this doesn’t necessarily mean condoms are the only method they’re
condoms and three out of four (74%) have used the pill.
using—nearly the same number of respondents overall say they used
Half (50%) say the pill is their preferred method of birth control
the pill most recently (53%), and 15% cited other methods as well.
and one-third (32%) say that condoms are.
Put another way, an appreciable proportion of young women
are using condoms and some other method of contraception
Less than one in 10 have used other hormonal methods of birth
(not surprising given the important role condoms play in preventing
control—such as the shot (8%), the ring (8%), or the patch (6%).
sexually transmitted infections or STIs).
Even fewer have used the most effective forms of birth control—just
5% have tried the IUD and 2% the implant. It is worth noting that
the majority of those who have tried these long-acting, effective,
and reversible methods say they are their favorites.
of women surveyed have used
emerg ency contraception
Th e majority of those who have tried
IUDs and implants say they are
tion
th eir favo rite methods of contracep
3
Contraceptive Concerns
ALTHOUGH ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES
ARE POPULAR—MORE THAN HALF HAVE
RECENTLY USED THE PILL—many have concerns about
Proper use of the pill also presents challenges. One in four (25%)
women in the survey say that having to take something every day
“doesn’t work for me,” and 38% say that when they discuss birth
side effects. Among the women surveyed—again, every one of them
control with friends, forgetting to take the pill is one of the things
actively seeking to avoid pregnancy right now—fully one-third (33%)
they talk about. One in 10 (11%) say the fact that they sometimes
are uneasy about what taking the pill might mean for their fertility
forget to take their pill is the most common topic of birth control
in the future. One in four (26%) are scared by the medical warnings
conversation among friends. Still, nearly half of respondents (47%)
they see in TV commercials, and 17% say they’re uncomfortable
say that a method being “easy to use” is one of the most important
taking birth control pills because doing so is “unnatural.”
factors in their contraceptive selection process, and the pill is by
far their most preferred method.
1 in 4 respondents
say they are scared by the medical wa
rnings about
birth control pills that they see in TV
commercials
1 in 4 respondents say taking
something every day “doesn’t
work for me”
4
Contraception: How Single Young Women Choose
EVEN THOUGH THE MOST EFFECTIVE
CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS—and those least prone
say they choose a method primarily because it’s easy to get,
and one-third (32%) say “where and how to get it” is something
to error like the IUD, implants, etc.—are not the most popular,
they talk about with friends. More than half (54%) of respondents
efficacy is paramount to the women surveyed. More than three out
say they have had a pregnancy scare. Of those, more than eight in
of four (77%) say one of the most important factors in choosing a
10 (82%) say that experience made them more careful about using
method is how effective it is. Affordability is also key—nearly half
protection. More than half (54%) of those who have had a pregnancy
(49%) cited cost as an important variable in deciding what method
scare say it made them switch to a more reliable method of birth
to use. In addition, nearly half (47%) consider ease of use one of the
control. We do not know from this survey whether that means that
most important factors.
a pregnancy scare caused women to go from using nothing some
of the time to using something most of the time, or whether it
More than one-quarter (27%) of the women surveyed say they rely
provided the impetus for moving from a less effective method to a
on a health care provider’s suggestion when deciding what method
more effective one. Even so, the large proportion of women who take
of birth control to use. It is also the case that some women say their
action and move toward a better method of contraception, or begin
doctor experience is less than ideal, including 36% of those 18-22
using a particular method more consistently and carefully after a
who say talking to their health care provider about contraception
pregnancy scare, is notable.
is “usually uncomfortable.” One in four women surveyed (25%)
have
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pregnancy scare say it made them sw
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77� of respondents say
effectiveness is the most
important factor when choosing
a method of contraception
5
Sex Without Protection: Why?
SOME OF THE REASONS WOMEN SAY THEY
ARE HAVING UNPROTECTED SEX seem to stem
There are also reasons why women choose not to use a particular
method of contraception, which obviously often leads to unprotected
from “in the moment” decision making (or non-decision making,
sex. Chief among these reasons is a fear of side effects. One in four
depending on your perspective), including:
(25%) women say that fear of long-term side effects is a key reason
for their decision not to use a particular method. One in five (19%)
•O
ne-third say they “just weren’t thinking” (32%) or they didn’t plan
are afraid of more immediate possible side effects like weight
on having sex so they weren’t prepared (30%) to use birth control.
gain. Potential side effects like weight gain and mood swings also
dominate conversations about birth control between friends. More
•O
ne in five (20%) say they were drunk or high at the time.
than half (54%) say they talk about side effects with their friends,
• Nearly half (44%) say they’ve trusted a partner to pull out.
and one in four (23%) say that’s what they talk about most.
• Nearly four in 10 (39%) say that sex just feels better
Affordability is also a key concern, especially for women without
without protection.
health insurance. Among uninsured women in the survey, half (50%)
•O
ne in four (24%) say they’ve let a partner talk them out of
say cost has kept them from using a more effective yet more expensive
using protection.
method. When respondents were provided with a list of 15 possible
• One in five (20%) say they’ve had unprotected sex because their
reasons for why they had decided not to use or to discontinue using
partner didn’t want to use anything.
a certain method, more women (regardless of insurance status)
selected “too expensive” (26%) than any other answer option. When
• About one in 10 (13%) say that not using condoms “was a way for
they discuss birth control with their friends, 43% of the single young
us to show that our relationship was more serious.”
women surveyed say cost is one of the things they talk about.
of respondents have trusted
a partner to pull out
of respondents have
let a partner talk them
out of using contraception
of respondents say they have had unprotected
sex because their partner didn’t want to use anything
6
Contraception: What Young Women Want
DESPITE THEIR CONCERNS ABOUT
AFFORDABILITY AND DAILY COMPLIANCE,
a real opportunity for more proactive input from the medical
community about the factors most important to women, such as
and even though a majority of women in the survey say they have
efficacy and ease of use. One-third (33%) of the women we surveyed
experienced pregnancy scares (and nearly as many are often nervous
say a method being a “healthy option” is important to them. Who
about the possibility of being pregnant), more than three-quarters
better to tell them about the safety and health benefits than their
(78%) of those surveyed say they are totally satisfied with their
doctor or other qualified medical professional? As it is, one-third
current method of contraception. Whether that’s a reflection of
(35%) of women in our survey say they wish their doctor was “more
simple acceptance or something else entirely is unknown.
helpful in finding the right birth control for me.”
What is known is that there are more effective contraceptive
Women in the survey also say they want to hear more positive talk
methods than the ones most commonly used by the young women
about birth control in general. Nearly seven in 10 (68%) say they
we surveyed—in particular, there are a variety of methods that don’t
wish the TV shows and movies they liked portrayed contraceptive
require a daily obligation or a game-time decision every time one has
use as a “normal part of sexual relationships and encounters.” More
sex. LARCs (long-acting reversible contraceptives) like the IUD and the
than half (52%) say they wish celebrities and other high-profile
implant, are increasingly available and are becoming more affordable,
people talked more openly about contraception. In fact, nearly half
too. They require little maintenance once they’re in place and are the
(46%) of respondents overall say they themselves would be more
most effective methods of contraception available, in part because
comfortable using contraception if more people talked about it in a
they practically eliminate the chance of imperfect use.
positive way. Among the 18- to 22-year-olds in this study—those
newest to the whole enterprise of contraception and whose habits
LARCs need to be inserted by a medical professional; some other
and ideas are most rapidly developing—55% feel this way.
forms of contraception require a prescription. Consequently, there’s
of respondents wish celebrities and other
high profile people talked more openly
about contraception
68� of respondents say they
wish the TV shows/movies
they like portrayed using
contraception as a normal
part of sexual relationships
7
Conclusion, Insights, and Recommendations
WHAT CAN BE DONE TO HELP YOUNG
WOMEN MAKE BETTER CONTRACEPTIVE
CHOICES AND DELAY THE PREGNANCIES
THEY SAY THEY AREN’T READY TO HAVE?
The good news is that contraception is not an entirely foreign
concept to single young women, though use of the most modern and
effective methods is not as extensive as one might hope. And despite
a wide range of emotional and practical obstacles, almost everyone
uses some kind of protection at least some of the time.
• Get clear about what “not trying to get pregnant” really means.
While young women have very real complaints and worries about
It’s more than using contraception sometimes or even most of
birth control, they also have generally positive feelings about using
the time. It means using it correctly every time—or better yet,
it. An overwhelming majority (84%) of the women we surveyed say
switching to a long-acting, reversible method that doesn’t
that using contraception makes them feel “responsible” because
require women to do anything at all until they actively want
“it’s part of being an adult.” Six in 10 respondents (60%) say using
to get pregnant.
contraception makes them feel “grateful” and “glad” because they
• Educate young women and dispel myths that keep them from using
“can enjoy sex without getting pregnant.”
birth control methods that would better meet their needs. Young
But their feelings and their behavior don’t exactly match. Certainly,
women are using contraception, but barriers large and small often
the “say one thing, do another” strategy can pertain to a range of
trip them up. These barriers are real and shouldn’t be trivialized, but
issues at any age. However, the stakes are quite high when pregnancy
most can be overcome.
is involved. Young women in particular who themselves say they
• Health care providers have a real opportunity to educate young
are not ready for pregnancy and parenthood could benefit greatly
women, introduce them to new methods, and support them as they
from a birth control upgrade. Assuaging—without dismissing—their
keep trying different types of birth control until they find the one
fears about hormonal methods and introducing them to easier, more
that best suits them. Doctors and nurse practitioners are already
effective methods could lead to better contraceptive experiences for
a trusted source for this information and are well positioned to set
many and reduce unplanned pregnancy among those who say they
the tone for open, informative conversations.
aren’t yet ready to become parents.
• Getting lost in the moment happens, and there are methods that
let you do that without risking pregnancy. Let’s help young women
learn about and get more comfortable with using long-acting,
effective contraceptives so that giving in to the moment doesn’t
mean giving up on birth control.
8
CONTRACEPTION CALLING DATA SUMMARY
Demographics/Qualifying Criteria
Total Sample
n=1011
Male
Total Sample
n=1011
-
Single
Female
Married
-
Total Sample
n=1011
Total Sample
n=1011
Yes
18-22 Net
No
18
-
19
20
21
Total Sample
n=1011
22
23-25 Net
Yes
23
No
24
-
25
26-29 Net
Total Sample
n=1011
26
27
Yes
28
No
-
29
Total Sample
n=1011
Total Sample
n=1011
White
Yes
African American
No
Hispanic or Latino
Asian or Pacific Islander
Native American or Alaskan Native
Other race
9
-
Protected/Unprotected Sex
Total Sample
n=1011
Total Sample
n=1011
Boyfriend(s)
Every single time
Friend(s) you hook up with
Most times
Ex-boyfriend(s)
About half the time
Random guy(s)
Rarely
Other
Never
I haven’t had sex in the past year
I haven’t had sex in the past year
Total Sample
n=1011
Total Sample
n=1011
Yes
Very likely
No
Somewhat likely
A little bit likely
Not at all likely
Total
Who Have
Ever Had
Unprotected
Sex
n=752
I trusted my partner to pull out
Sex feels better without protection
I just wasn’t thinking
I didn’t plan on having sex so I wasn’t prepared
My partner did not want to use protection
I was drunk or high
I thought it was a safe time of the month
Not using condoms was a way for us to show that our
relationship was more serious
I don’t like how the hormones in birth control make me feel
I didn’t bring it up with my partner because I didn’t want to
ruin the mood
I hadn’t gotten pregnant before, so I assumed I wouldn’t that
time either
I wasn’t in a relationship at the time so I wasn’t on birth control
I wouldn’t have minded getting pregnant at the time
I couldn’t afford contraception
Going to a doctor or clinic to get birth control is a pain
I was embarrassed to discuss protection with my partner
I was too embarrassed to buy protection
I was too embarrassed to talk to my doctor about birth control
I didn’t want to seem promiscuous by bringing protection
I don’t think protection is really all that effective anyway
I was trying to get pregnant at the time
None of these
10
Pregnancy
14 Have you ever had a pregnancy scare?
Total Sample
n=1011
Yes
No
15
Have you ever had an unplanned pregnancy?
Total Sample
n=1011
Yes
No
16
If you found out today that you were pregnant, how would
you feel? Please select one response.
Total Sample
n=1011
Very upset
A little bit upset
A little pleased
Very pleased
17
How much do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements? Please select one response per statement.
Strongly
agree
A
B
C
D
E
I am often nervous that I am pregnant and relieved when I get my period
(Total Sample n=1011)
It is likely that I’ll have an unplanned pregnancy while I’m single
(Total who have never had an unplanned pregnancy n=928)
It doesn’t matter whether you use contraception or not, when it is your time
to get pregnant, it will happen (Total Sample n=1011)
My pregnancy scare made me more careful about using protection when I
have sex (Total who have ever had a pregnancy scare n=547)
My pregnancy scare made me switch to a more reliable method of birth
control (Total who have ever had a pregnancy scare n=547)
11
Somewhat
agree
Somewhat
disagree
Strongly
disagree
Contraception
18
20
Which method of contraception have you EVER used?
Please select all that apply.
Which method(s) are you currently using or have you used
most recently? Please select all that apply.
Total Sample
n=1011
Total
Who Have
Used Any
Contraception
Method
n=1002
Condoms
Birth control pill
Emergency contraception/Morning after pill
Condoms
Depo-Provera shot
Birth control pill
NuvaRing
IUD (intrauterine device)
Spermicide
NuvaRing
The patch
Depo-Provera shot
IUD (intrauterine device)
Spermicide
Female condom
Emergency contraception/Morning after pill
Implant
The patch
Diaphragm
Implant
Cervical Cap
Sponge
Sponge
-
Diaphragm
I have never used any of these
19
Cervical Cap
Which method of contraception is your FAVORITE one to use?
Please select one response.
Female condom
None of these
Total
Who Have
Used Any
Contraception
Method
n=1002
21
Which, if any, of the following are most important to you when
choosing a method of contraception? Please select no more
than THREE responses.
Total Sample
n=1011
Birth control pill
Condoms
It’s effective
IUD (intrauterine device)
It’s affordable
Depo-Provera shot
Easy to use
NuvaRing
I think it’s a healthy option for me
The patch
My doctor/health care provider suggested it
Implant
Easy to get
Emergency contraception/Morning after pill
I’ve heard/read good things about it
Sponge
Spermicide
Diaphragm
Cervical Cap
Female condom
-
My partner suggested it
-
My friends like it/use it
None of these
None of these
12
are the MAIN REASONS you have decided NOT to use
22 What
a certain method of contraception, or to discontinue using a
24
method? Even if all of these reasons apply, please only pick the
most important ones. Please select no more than TWO responses.
Total Sample
n=1011
What do you and your friends talk about MOST?
Please select ONE response only.
Total
Who Discuss
Contraception
or Birth
Control with
Friends
n=883
Too expensive
I’m afraid of long-term side effects
I’m afraid of weight gain
Side effects like weight gain and mood swings
I had a bad reaction to it
How effective it is
I’m afraid of putting hormones in my body
What we like about it
Hard to use correctly
How we sometimes forget to take it
My friend had a negative experience with it
What we dislike about it
Hard to get
How much it costs
My doctor/health care provider suggested I stop using it
Whether it’s safe to take hormones every day
Embarrassing to purchase
Where and how to get it
I’m afraid of mood swings
The political controversy about it
My partner discouraged me from using it
How ineffective it is
I don’t trust pharmaceutical companies
How confusing it is
I had a pregnancy scare/got pregnant while using it
Whether birth control causes cancer
None of these
None of these
23
25
hen you and your friends have talked about contraception or
W
birth control, what do you talk about? Please select all that apply.
The main reasons I use contraception are: Please select no
more than TWO responses
Total Sample
n=1011
Total Sample
n=1011
Side effects like weight gain and mood swings
I’m not ready to be pregnant
How effective it is
I’m waiting until I get married to have kids
What we like about it
I can relax more during sex when I’m not worried about
getting pregnant
What we dislike about it
It would disappoint my parents too much if I got pregnant
right now
How much it costs
How we sometimes forget to take it
Medical reasons not related to pregnancy prevention
Where and how to get it
I’m not in a serious relationship
Whether it’s safe to take hormones every day
The political controversy about it
The guy I’m having sex with is not the guy I want to have
kids with
How ineffective it is
My partner expects me to
Whether birth control causes cancer
None of these
How confusing it is
26
My friends and I never talk about birth control
Which of the following makes you feel uneasy about taking
birth control pills? Please select all that apply.
Total Sample
n=1011
I’m afraid it will mess with my fertility in the long run
The medical warnings in the commercials scare me
Having to take a pill every day doesn’t work for me
It’s unnatural
I’ve had a bad experience with the pill
It’s unhealthy
I just don’t trust that it works
My friends have had bad experiences with the pill
I have reservations based on religious or moral concerns
None of these make me feel uneasy
13
27
How much do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements? Please select one response per statement.
A
I am totally satisfied with my current method of contraception
B
Talking to my doctor/health care provider about contraception is usually
uncomfortable
C
Talking to my partner about contraception is usually uncomfortable
D
E
F
G
H
Somewhat
agree
Somewhat
disagree
Not
applicable
Strongly
disagree
Not
applicable
I wish the TV shows and movies I liked portrayed using contraception as a
normal part of sexual relationships and encounters
I wish celebrities and other high-profile people talked more openly about
contraception
J
Birth control should not be a political issue
K
Cost has kept me from using a more effective, but more expensive method
of contraception
L
Cost has prohibited me from using any kind of contraception
Drug companies probably don’t care if a method of contraception is safe,
they just want people to use it so they can make money
When I hear people on the news criticizing birth control and the people
who use it, it makes me less likely to use it
O
I have let a partner talk me out of using protection
P
I’d feel more comfortable using contraception if more people talked about
it in a positive way
28
Strongly
agree
Strongly
disagree
I’m not really sure where to go for the kind of birth control information I want
Most of what I hear/read/see in the news or media about birth control
is negative
N
Somewhat
agree
I wish my doctor/health care provider was more helpful in finding the
right kind of birth control for me
I wish my partner was more interested in/supportive of what kind of
protection we use
I
M
Strongly
agree
Total Sample
n=1011
Somewhat
disagree
29
hich of the following words would you use to describe how
W
you feel about using birth control? Please check all that apply.
re these tasks easier or harder than using birth control
A
consistently? Please select one response per statement.
Total Sample
n=1011
Total Sample
n=1011
EASIER than using
HARDER than
birth control
using birth control
consistently
consistently
Responsible: It’s part of being an adult
Grateful: I’m glad I can enjoy sex without
getting pregnant
Annoyed: The whole topic is a pain
Burdened: I wish my partner cared more about it
None of these
A
Doing my taxes is…
B
Going to the gym is…
C
Bathing suit shopping is…
D
Finding the right bra is…
E
Staying on top of my
finances is…
30
Which is more embarrassing...? Please select one response.
Total Sample
n=1011
Buying condoms
Talking to a new sex partner about protection
14
Demographics Continued
31
33
What is your zip code at home?
What is the highest level of education you’ve completed?
Total Sample
n=1011
Total Sample
n=1011
Less than high school diploma
Northeast
High school diploma or GED
Midwest
Some college
South
Two-year college degree
West
Four-year college degree
32
Advanced degree
Which best describes the community in which you live?
Total Sample
n=1011
34
A large or medium-sized city
Do you currently have health insurance?
Total Sample
n=1011
The suburb of a large or medium-sized city
Yes
A small town or rural area
No
Notes and Methodology
Note: Contraception, protection, and birth control are all terms
TRU conducted 1,011 online interviews among females age 18-29,
used to describe something that prevents pregnancy. Some people
yielding a margin of error of +/- 3.1% percentage points. Interviews
equate “birth control” with “the pill,” think that “protection” means
were conducted March 5-17, 2013 and were collected using quotas
“condoms,” or that other methods (the ring, the shot, the patch,
to ensure even distribution by age and strong ethnic representation.
IUDs, etc.) are called “contraceptives.” However, for the sake of
20% of respondents identified themselves as African-American and
clarity and for the purposes of this survey it was made clear to
18% identified themselves as Hispanic. respondents that we used those terms interchangeably. It was also
made clear that withdrawal, or the pull out method, did not count as
a method of birth control. So throughout this report “contraception”
= “birth control” = “protection,” and “unprotected sex” = having sex
without any of them, regardless of withdrawal.
References
Kaye, K., Suellentrop, K., and Sloup, C. (2009). The Fog Zone:
Jones, J. Mosher, W., & Daniels, K. (October 2012). Current
i
ii
iii How Misperceptions, Magical Thinking, and Ambivalence Put Young
Contraceptive Use in the United States, 2006-2010, and Changes
Adults at Risk for Unplanned Pregnancy. Washington, DC: The
in Patterns of Use Since 1995. National Health Statistics Reports
National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy.
(60). Washington, DC: National Center for Health Statistics.
Retrieved from www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr060.pdf.
The National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy.
(October 2012). Briefly: Unplanned Pregnancy Among Unmarried
Young Women. Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved from
www.TheNationalCampaign.org/resources/pdf/briefly-unplannedpregnancy-among-unmarried.pdf.
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