Lunar and Planetary Science XLVIII (2017)
1327.pdf
OBSERVATIONS OF TWILIGHT BOLIDE WITH USING OF “CHURYUMOV FIREBALL NETWORK”.
E. A. Steklov1, A. F. Steklov1, 2, A. P. Vidmachenko2, G. N. Dashkiev1. 1Interregional Academy of Personnel Management, Str. Frometivska, 2, Kyiv, 03039, 2Main Astronomical Observatory of National Academy of Sciences of
Ukraine, Str. Ak. Zabolotnogo, 27, Kyiv, 03143, [email protected].
1. Introduction. For four years, authors carried out
at the twilight hours of numerous observations of meteors, fireballs and their traces in the sky [1-5, 8-10].
At the nightly observations bright meteoric trace can be
seen in time from a few tenths of seconds to a few tens
of seconds. And during the daytime or at twilight, we
see the traces during time from a few tens of seconds,
and sometimes up to two hours. When registering the
results of observations from geostationary satellites,
bolides brighter than -17m were registered in the
Earth’s atmosphere. Estimates show that the initial size
of such bodies from metal and / or stone may be 1-3 m.
If this body will consist of snow and ice (remnants of
comet nuclei), they significantly increase the size, and
sometimes can be several tens of meters [6, 7].
Based on an analysis of data on such phenomena as
Tunguska, Sikhote Alin, Sterlitamak and others, it has
been suggested that the explosions of large meteoroids
in the atmosphere and, as a consequence, a flash of
light occurs at altitudes of their maximum braking.
This fact was confirmed by the study of destruction of
fragments of the comet’s nucleus Shoemaker-Levy 9
into Jupiter’s atmosphere [18, 27]. Thermal explosions
in Earth’s atmosphere are generated not only by fragments of cometary nuclei [19, 20], but small (with a
weight <400 tonnes) of solid bodies composed of rock
and / or metal. The larger celestial bodies, with virtually no losses of mass and velocity, passes through the
atmosphere and explode on the surface of the Earth
[17, 21-26].
2. Examples of observations of different traces
on the sky. A characteristic feature of the meteors is
rapid (few milliseconds) increase in their brightness for
a few magnitudes. Such flashes are caused by the rapid
disintegration of meteoric bodies into pieces. During
the passage of bolide often registered flashes, sometimes within a few seconds. Color of flashes can be
blue, yellow or orange. In [1-4] we have noted in the
twilight in the sky over Kiev 25/06/2014 simultaneous
observation of fireball from a distance of 8.4 km between the photographing points. The glow and decay of
meteoroid material started at the height of more than
25 km. The maximal decay occurred at altitudes from
18 to 8 km. Preliminary estimates of the initial weight
of the fragment before the entry into the atmosphere,
give the value of about 1 ton.
Fig. 1 shows an images of another aerospace track.
This track we have started to register in Kiev after sev-
eral tens of seconds after the start of burning of the
body, entered into the atmosphere.
Fig. 1. Change of the shape of the fireball track
over Kiev region. Images obtained 08.07.2016 at
times: UT 19.26.24, 19.29.30, 19.32.58, 19.42.38.
This invasion took place near the horizon. In the
fall of this body, it is gradually becoming more flares
up. Its combustion takes place with elements of spraying of a yellow-orange flame. The flight itself continued for about a few seconds. The object burned down
and left the Sun illuminated track. Our images show the
dynamics of changes in the shape of trace of bolide.
The first 20 minutes the track was illuminated by the
Sun. And then a few tens of minutes, the track was visible as a dark cloud against the evening sky, illuminated by the Moon. During this time, several dozen images were obtained, as a trace in the atmosphere of the
Earth does not completely dissipated. Such a long
flight of the body in an atmosphere, shows a very small
entry angle into the atmosphere. Through one and a
half minutes after the start of photographing in Kiev,
were obtained about a dozen images from another
point, which is located at a distance of 25.8 km from
the first point. Calculations on the images, obtained
from the two points, showed that the top of the trace is
located at a height of 55-65 km; the lower part of the
Lunar and Planetary Science XLVIII (2017)
track is located at an altitude of 30-33 km (where burning has been completed)..
These images are part of the first version of the
“Churyumov Fireball Network”, which is created for
registration of daytime and twilight traces of aerotechnical and aero-space invasions in the sky over Kiev
and Kiev region in 2013-2016 [11-16]. In total for this
time, we received more than 36,000 images, carried out
their classification, and created the appropriate database. A successful and fruitful experience of our team
of authors, points to the need for intensified efforts of
astronomical observatories of Ukraine for improvement
of functioning of the elements of “Churyumov Fireball
Network”, which was created for the registration of
tracks of aerospace and aerotechnical invasions during
the daytime and at twilight.
3. Conclusions. Thus, for a brief period of our observations (after March 2013) in the sky over Kiev and
Kiev region been registered falling of at least 12 of
fragments of cometary nuclei, at least 5 sufficiently
large and a few dozen of small fragments of meteoroids.
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