Map 64 Caesarea-Melitene
Compiled by T.B. Mitford, 1996
Introduction
The map covers a region dominated by mountains, the watershed of four great rivers flowing into different
seas, and the transition between the endless plains of the Anatolian plateau and the highlands of eastern Turkey.
Enclosed to the south by the broken ridges of the Taurus, the region is cut transversely by a more rounded massif, the
rising north-easterly sweep of the Antitaurus. To the north and west, the mountains drain into the Kızılırmak
(ancient Halys) as it flows towards the Black Sea; to the south, into the Seyhan (Saros) and Ceyhan (Pyramos),
before they cut through the Taurus to reach the Mediterranean. To the east, large tributaries flow into the Euphrates,
the natural frontier between the classical world and Armenia.
Much of the central area lies above the tree line, and is snowbound from November to April. Settlement has
concentrated on the river plains: along the Halys between Sivas (Sebasteia) and Kayseri (Caesarea), and to the south
and east around Elbistan (Ablastha) and Malatya (Melitene). These formed the main axes of communications in
antiquity as today, skirting the high Antitaurus and linking Sivas, Kayseri and Malatya. The geography has changed
little since ancient times, except in the east where the Keban and Karakaya dams have transformed the Cappadocian
section of the Euphrates into two elongated lakes.
Most of the area covered by the map fell under Persian rule, and later comprised the eastern half of the Roman
and Byzantine province of Cappadocia. But it also includes parts of Pontus, Armenia Minor and Armenia proper. In
the fifth century B.C. it was probably traversed by the Persian Royal Road (described by Herodotus 5.52), the great
trade route linking the Aegean with northern Mesopotamia and Susa. In Roman times there were military roads of
the highest importance in Cappadocia, leading eastwards from Ancyra through Sebasteia towards Satala and northern
Armenia, and through Caesarea to the Euphrates at Melitene. Moreover the eastern limes ran up the Euphrates
valley, to continue over the Pontic mountains to the Black Sea.
Strabo is an excellent source for the region, and draws on firsthand knowledge; he visited Comana, and wrote
in Amaseia, the Pontic metropolis (Map 87 A4), under Augustus and Tiberius. He is thus able to describe the
physical, historical and political geography of Cappadocia in careful, if not always reliable, detail. There is copious
further documentary evidence for the ancient topography. In the mid-second century Ptolemy compiled the
coordinates of the mountains, rivers and cities of Cappadocia and Armenia Minor. The main routes diverging from
Caesarea and Sebasteia, and their intermediate stations, are known from ItAnt and TabPeut. Segments of the latter
reappear in GeogRav, evidently drawing on a common source. The lists of bishoprics from Late Antiquity are no
less essential.
Cappadocia did not share the civilized structure of the western and coastal provinces of Asia Minor. Isolated
and undeveloped, it was a vast region sparsely covered by villages and divided into districts (strategiai) evidently
tribal in origin, adapted by the Seleucid kings as a basis for centralized administration, and retained under the Roman
Empire. Much of it was occupied by royal, later imperial, lands. About 150 place names are preserved. Most can be
located in general terms, although barely half can be identified with any certainty. The fact is that war, invasion and
destruction have been endemic in this region since the third century A.D. Almost all physical traces of antiquity–
building materials, inscriptions, even road surfaces–have been pressed into reuse in the reconstruction of towns and
villages, generally on sites already found convenient. A few ancient place names have survived in continuous use
until modern times: Zara, for example, or Zimara on the Euphrates. Others have evolved in recognizable form:
Sivas, Kayseri, Malatya.
No comprehensive survey work has been undertaken across eastern Cappadocia as a whole. Notable, but
partial, journeys of exploration were undertaken a century ago: along the southern routes by Sterrett (1888), Ramsay
(1890), Munro (1893) and Hogarth (1893); in Pontus by Anderson (1903) and Cumont (1906); and up the Euphrates
986
MAP 64 CAESAREA-MELITENE
valley by Hogarth and Yorke (1896). Grégoire (1909) later traveled south-westwards from Nicopolis (Map 87 D4),
and down the R. Halys. Then, in the final decades of Christianity there, many of the names and traces of antiquity
were still preserved. So locations could readily be proposed for many ancient names, and lines for many roads. The
early results were collated by Ramsay (1890), and mapped by Anderson (1903). They were supplemented some
forty years later by von der Osten’s (1929; 1930; 1933) automobile journeys in the north and east of Cappadocia.
His map of ancient sites shows the distribution of settlements in Hittite and earlier times.
The detail and conjecture of these earlier travelers cannot always be corroborated, however. For they
followed–or created–rudimentary maps, and it was only the publication in 1947 of the Turkish military series
(1:200,000) that permitted accurate location of physical and cultural features, and of the roads and tracks linking
them. These Turkish maps retain almost all the village-names known to earlier scholars, and form the indispensable
foundation of the present compilation. They show that the lines proposed for several roads are unsustainable:
Grégoire's roads leading north and west from Zara, for example, or Ramsay's road north-east from Arabissos. They
permit precise tracking of milestones (collated by French 1985; 1988) along the strategic road from Caesarea to the
Euphrates. And they show where settlement has been possible, and where it has not.
In collating evidence for the ancient place names, RE remains essential. More recent work is carefully
summarized in TIB Kappadokien to provide a comprehensive study of the geography of Cappadocia in the Byzantine
period. Sinclair (1989; 1989a) describes ancient sites and roads in a broader historical framework; Bryer and
Winfield (1985) discuss the tortured geography of southern Armenia Minor, where the lines followed by ancient
roads are not all firmly established. I have covered the eastern frontier on foot over many years. But across eastern
Cappadocia as a whole, exploration has been patchy; of this, the omission from the map of a place as important as
Divriği is an unwelcome reflection.
Directory
All place names are in Turkey
Abbreviation
TIB Kappadokien
F. Hild and M. Restle, Tabula Imperii Byzantini 2, Kappadokien (Kappadokia, Charsianon,
Sebasteia und Lykandos), DenkWien 149, 1981
Names
Grid
Name
Period
Modern Name / Location
Reference
E4
H4
B1
Ablastha
Ad Aras
Agranai
§ Agriane
Akdağmadeni
Alacahan
Analib(l)a
§ Bubalia
§ Dalana?
§ Dar(a)nalis
Anisa
Antitaurus M.
Arabissos/
Tripotamos
Arane
§ Aranda
§ Arangae
Arapözü
Arasaxa
§ Arathia
R?L
AHRL
RL
Elbistan
Pirot?
near Muşalım Kalesi
TIB Kappadokien 260
Dillemann 1962, 117
TIB Kappadokien 137
R?L
R?L?
RL
L
han with ancient remains
Hasanova?
TIB Kappadokien 138
TIB Kappadokien 138
RE; Bryer 1985, 25, 31
HR
HRL
CRL
Kara Eyük / Kültepe
Antitaurus
Afşin, formerly Yarpuz
Cumont 1932
TIB Kappadokien 143
TIB Kappadokien 144, 264
A?HRL
Akçakale
TIB Kappadokien 146
L
RL
ruins to S
Akmesçit, formerly
Zerezek
TIB Kappadokien 147
TIB Kappadokien 147
B1
F2
H1
B3
C4
D4
F2
B2
B3
MAP 64 CAESAREA-MELITENE
Grid
Name
Period
Modern Name / Location
Reference
F4
Arca
§ Karmala?
§ (M)arkala?
Archalla
§ Archelais
Arege
RL
Akcadağ, formerly Arga
RE Arka 4; TIB Kappadokien 152
R
Erkilet?
TIB Kappadokien 147
RL?
signal station, 8 miles
WNW Kemaliye
S Caesarea
Arguvan
Pınarbaşı, formerly Azizie
Gemerek?
Sinclair 1989a, 68
RE ’Αργαῖον ὄρος
TIB Kappadokien 150
TIB Kappadokien 151
RE
RE
See Map 89
von der Osten 1933, 123
T.B. Mitford
TIB Kappadokien 155
A3
G2
A3
G3
C3
C2
RL
L
HRL
R
G2
H3
D3
H2
B1
Argaeus M.
[Argaous]
Ariaratheia
Armaxa
§ Armaza
Armenia Minor
Arsanias fl.
Aşağı Kızıl Çevrek
Aşutka
Azapbaşlı
L?
RL?
R?L
11 miles NE Pınarbaşı
3 miles N Dutluca
ruins 1 mile N Azapbaşlı
B4
G4
Bagadania
Bahçebaşı
RL
ARL
D1
[Bathys Rhyax]/
[Krya Pege]?
Bünyan
L/
L
C
land S Argaeus M.
3 miles S Eski Malatya,
formerly Orduzu
8 miles SE Yıldızeli
TIB Kappadokien 157-58
Persian royal park
Cook 1983, 180
R
CHRL
Kurtlu Tepe
RE; T.B. Mitford
RE Kappadokia
See Map 63
RL
RL
RL
Cendere
Bozoğlak, formerly Ihtik
Melik Şerif?
See Map 67
RE 4; Mitford 1998
Cumont 1906, 327; RE
R?L
Çemişgezek
RE Elegarsina
Howard-Johnston 1983, 255-56
HR
R/
R
ACHRL
around and NE Caesarea
Köy Yeri / Sarız?
TIB Kappadokien 43
RE
Şar
TIB Kappadokien 208-209
RL
Darende?
Ramsay 1890, 309-10
B3
H1
B2
B2
G4
H1
H1
H2
B4
D4
C4
F3
Caesarea = Mazaka
Capotes? M.
Cappadocia
Cappadox? fl.
Carsa(g)is = Chorsabia
Chabina fl.
Charax?
Chorsabia/
Carsa(g)is
§ Elegarsina
Chosomachon
Chryse = Comana
Cilicia
Coduzalaba/
Sabalassos?
Comana/
Hierapolis/
Chryse
Comassa = Kamisa
HR
TIB Kappadokien 178
TIB Kappadokien 249
RL
Pağnik?
TIB Kappadokien 169-70
C3
G1
G4
Dalanda
§ Delendis
Dascusa
§ Daseusa
§ Dagousa
Dasmenda?
Dastracus M.
Dulluk Tepe
RL
R
RL
Kuşkalesi
Kızıl Dağ?, SE Nicopolis
signal station, 2 miles SE
Melitene
RE; TIB Kappadokien 300-301
RE; Magie 1950, 1222; T.B. Mitford
Mitford 1980, 1186
C3
Ekrek
R?L
TIB Kappadokien 173
H4
Elegeia
Erp(h)a = (H)Erp(h)a
Eski Arabkir
Euagina/
Sebagena?
§ Eudagina
R
Köprübaşı, 30 miles E
Kayseri
vicinity of Kömürhan
RL
RL
ruins 2 miles NW Arabkir
vicinity of Gemerek
TIB Kappadokien 146
RE Euagena
H3
G2
C3
RE 2
987
988
MAP 64 CAESAREA-MELITENE
Grid
Name
Period
Modern Name / Location
Reference
E1
R
Tutmaç?
RE
RL
Gölova, formerly Palas
TIB Kappadokien 137
E2
Eudoixata
§ Eudoxiana?
Eulepa
§ Aipolioi
Euphrates fl.
Eusebeia = Mazaka
Euspena
RL
Kangal
TIB Kappadokien 288
B4
Fırakdın
A
Gümüşören
von der Osten 1930, 32-33; TIB
Kappadokien 177
TIB Kappadokien 181-82
Cumont 1906, 231
TIB Kappadokien 296
B2
H1
See Map 93
Foroba? = Sibora
E3
D1
E1
Gauraina
Gökkaya
Gundusa
RL?
R?L?
R
Gürün
rock tombs
Gündüz?
B2
H3
Halys fl.
Hastek Kale
RL?
Yenipayam, above
Arabkir Çay
HR
at crossing of Karmalas fl.
RE Karmalas
C3
Herakleopolis =
Sebastopolis
(H)Erp(h)a
Hierapolis = Comana
See Map 87
TIB Kappadokien 187
D2
In Medio
In Medio? = Symposion
R
Karacalar?
RE
C4
RL
RE 1
L
HRL/
R
R
L
Doğanbeyli?, W
Kokousos
above Pirot
settlement and mine
D2
Kabassos
§ Kabissos
Kale
Kamisa/
Comassa
§ Eumeis?
Kantariz Kalesi
F3
Kara Kavak
R
D3
Karakuyu
L
H4
E1
A4
D2
C4
H2
H4
B2
G3
Karana? = Sebastopolis
Karmalas? fl.
Karnalis
§ Komaralis
Kataonia
Kemaliye
Kerar Kale
SW Boğazdere, formerly
Kantariz
very large settlement 1
mile ENE Hasan Çelebi
spring and settlement 4
miles E Şerefiye
Sinclair 1989a, 42-43
RE
RE
TIB Kappadokien 198-99
von der Osten 1929, 81; TIB Kappadokien
187
von der Osten 1933, 123-27
See Map 67
RE
H?R
Viranşehir?
HRL
L
L
around Comana
3 miles S Kemaliye town
below rock citadel on S
bank of Şiro Çay
temple, 2 miles S Kerpiç
vicinity of Morhamam
TIB Kappadokien 202
von der Osten 1929, 110
TIB Kappadokien 204-205
Yaylacık, formerly Kiske
small citadel NW
Kemaliye
6 miles SW Şarkışla
1 mile NW Kaşanli
Göksun
Sultan Su
Hurman Çay
Kerar Kale? / vicinity of
Şiro Çay mouth and
Bürçköy
signal station above mouth
of Arabkir Çay
TIB Kappadokien 206
von der Osten 1929, 110-15
B4
H2
Kerpiç
Kiakis
§ Chiaca
[Kiskisos]
Kız Kalesi
HR
RL
L
A?R?L?
C2
D4
C4
G4
D3
H4
Kızıl Şehir
Kızoğlan Kalesi
Kokousos
[Korakesios] fl.
Korax fl.
Korne
L?
L?
RL
L
R
RL
H3
Korpinik Hüyük
RL
Grégoire 1909, 46-53
TIB Kappadokien 165
Grégoire 1909, 42
TIB Kappadokien 201
TIB Kappadokien 217-18
TIB Kappadokien 265
TIB Kappadokien 190
RE; Mitford 1998
PECS 259; Mitford 1980, pl. 2
MAP 64 CAESAREA-MELITENE
Grid
Name
Period
Modern Name / Location
Reference
F3
Kötükale
L?
C1
HR
von der Osten 1930, 102-104; TIB
Kappadokien 217
RE
C4
Kouloupene
§ Colopene
[Krya Pege]? = [Bathys
Rhyax]
Külek Dağ
small fortress at Hısarcık
10 miles SE Darende
around Sebasteia and
Sebastopolis
Sterrett 1888, 233
H1
Kurtlu Tepe
R?L?
large fortress of great
antiquity on summit
above Şar
signal station, 6 miles ESE
Refahiye, on Capotes?
M.?
L?
Mitford 1998
‘Lagalasso’ = Leugaisa
Laouiansene
[Lapara] = [Lykandos]
Leugaisa/
‘Lagalasso’
[Lykandos]/
[Lapara]
HR
NE Cappadocia
RE Laviansene
R/
L
L/
L
Gözene
TIB Kappadokien 184
Kızlar Kalesi
TIB Kappadokien 224-25
B3
Makelle
L
TIB Kappadokien 226-27
C2
Malandara
§ Mardara?
Malyan
RL
imperial estate, near
Hisarcık?
Şarkışla
Maroga/
Sarromaena
Mazaka
R/
R
AC?H
ACH/
HR/
RL
B3
Mazaka/
Eusebeia/
Caesarea
Megalopolis? = Sebasteia
Melas fl.
Melas fl.
Melitene
Melitene
Meydancık
Miasena
§ Mesena
Moutalaske
H4
Nymphaios fl.
G2
H4
E4
Odur Kalesi
Omma fl.
Osdara
§ Asdara
Osmandede
Ouarsapa
A
R
R
8 miles SW Divriği
Euphrates at Taurus gorge
Demircilik?
von der Osten 1929, 118
RE Ommas
RE
L?
R?L
W Gurun
Küçük Yapalak?
TIB Kappadokien 252
TIB Kappadokien 272
Pagrum
Phiara
§ Siara
§ Simos?
Phlabianai
Preion M.
(P)Saros fl.
Pusatlı
Pyramos fl.
R?L
R
E Elbistan
Yıldızeli / Yeni Han?
RE
RE
L
R
Erciyes
NW Hurman Kale
L
25 miles SE Kayseri
TIB Kappadokien 259
Sterrett 1888, 304 (no. 352)
See Map 66
TIB Kappadokien 263
See Map 67
D2
G4
E4
G3
D4
A3
A3
B3
E3
E4
G4
H4
H4
E3
E4
E4
D1
B3
D4
C4
B4
E4
RL?
TIB Kappadokien 228
Ramsay 1890, 270
Mitford 1998
signal station, 20 miles
NNE Melitene
Dağlıca, formerly
Maragos
Eskişehir, 2 miles S
Kayseri
Kayseri
TIB Kappadokien 193-96
RL?
RL?
HRL
ARL
R?L?
RL
Karasu, N Caesarea
Tohma Su
district W Euphrates
Eski Malatya
3 miles W Pirot
Tahniç
TIB Kappadokien 233
Mitford 1980, 1185
RE
TIB Kappadokien 233-37
T.B. Mitford
RE; Mitford 1998
L
Talas
TIB Kappadokien 242
RE; TIB Kappadokien 153
TIB Kappadokien 193-96
See Map 67
989
990
MAP 64 CAESAREA-MELITENE
Grid
Name
Period
Modern Name / Location
Reference
B2
Rümdiğin
R
building in Felahiye
Grégoire 1909, 43-45
RL
RL
Karabudak
Çit Harabe
RE 2
RE 1; Mitford 1980, 1189
HR
HR
N Halys
E Caesarea
RE
RE Σαργαραυσηνή
R
L
Pliny, NH 5.84; T.B. Mitford
TIB Kappadokien 273
RL
Çermik?
church and rock tombs 39
miles SSE Kayseri
Sarmısak (‘garlic’) tepe?
A?HRL
Sivas
Cumont 1906, 217-28; RE Talara; TIB
Kappadokien 274-76
HRL
Sulusaray
RE 3; Mitford 1991, 182-83
R/
L
RL
Pınarbaşı
RE Σηµισσός; TIB Kappadokien 270-71
near Kadışehir
RE Σερµοῦσα
RL
Karamağara?
RE; TIB Kappadokien 276
H?RL
Fethiye, formerly
Hasanbadrık
RE Σινὶς Κολωνία
TIB Kappadokien 190
RL
near Keklikoluk
RE
TIB Kappadokien 289
L
H?R
R
L?
R
near Talas
Çekerek Irmak
Hurman Kalesi
columns, capitals in reuse,
32 miles SE Kayseri
NNE Elbistan
RL
Kaleköy
TIB Kappadokien 286
See Map 89
RE; TIB Kappadokien 288-89
R
Tanir
RE Ταναδαρίς
TIB Kappadokien 290-91
See Map 66
Cumont 1906, 226-28
G1
H2
B2
C3
G3
B4
G1
E1
C1
G4
B1
A1
G3
C4
B3
B1
D4
B4
E4
H2
D3
Sabalassos? = Coduzalaba
Sabrina fl.
Sabus
Sam(m)a Castorum =
Semissos
Saraouene
Sargarausene
Saros fl. = (P)Saros fl.
Sarromaena = Maroga
Sartona
Satıköy
Scordiscus M
Sebagena? = Euagina
Sebasteia/
Megalopolis?/
Talaura?
Sebastopolis/
Herakleopolis/
Karana?
Semissos/
Sam(m)a Castorum
Serm(o)usa
§ Sermouga
Sibora/
Foroba?
§ Sobara?
Siniskolon
§ *Sinis Colonia
§ Pisonos?
§ Koloneia?
§ Sinispora?
Siricis
§ Saricha?
Skandos
Skylax fl.
Sobagena
Söğütlü
Söğütlü Dere
Sophene
Symposion/
In Medio?
E3
G4
D1
Talaura? = Sebasteia
Tanadaris
§ Ptandaris
Taranta
Taurus M.
Tavra
L
NW Darende
R?L?
G2
F1
B4
Teucila
Tödürge
Tomarza
RL
R?L?
L
H4
D2
Tomisa
Tonosa
HRL
R
rock tombs 3 miles NNW
Sivas
Ortaköy?
rock tombs S Halys
columns, capitals 25 miles
SE Kayseri
near İzolu?
Altınyayla, formerly
Tonus
D4
RE; T.B. Mitford
TIB Kappadokien 282
RE Scylax 5
TIB Kappadokien 153
TIB Kappadokien 285-86
RE; Mitford 1998
Grégoire 1909, 40
TIB Kappadokien 296
RE Τόµισα
TIB Kappadokien 296-97
MAP 64 CAESAREA-MELITENE
Grid
Name
991
Period
Modern Name / Location
Reference
Tripotamos = Arabissos
H2
Vereuso?
R
Geruşla, 2 miles S
Kemaliye, formerly
Eğin
Mitford 1998
H2
F1
Zabulbar
Zara
§ Sara
Zimara
§ Sismara?
Zizoatra
Zoana
R
RL
beside R. Euphrates
Zara
T.B. Mitford
RE
RL
Pingan?
RE
R?L
R
Doğanşehir (Viranşehir)
Tecer Han?
TIB Kappadokien 286-87
TIB Kappadokien 296
G2
F4
E2
Bridges
No.
Grid
Location
Period
Reference
1
C1
RL
Cumont 1906, 201
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
D1
F2
G2
H1
H1
C4
E4
F4
F4
G4
L?
R
RL
R
L?
RL
R
L
R?
R?L
Cumont 1906, 215-16
von der Osten 1929, 80
Mitford 1980, 1185
Mitford 1980, 1185
Yorke 1896, Map; Mitford 1998, 267
TIB Kappadokien 203
Hogarth 1893, 686; Sinclair 1989, 492-93
TIB Kappadokien 152
TIB Kappadokien 287
Mitford 1980, 1185
12
13
G3
H3
R?L?
R
Mitford 1998, 261
Mitford 1980, 1185
14
H3
at Sebastopolis over Çekerek Irmak (Skylax
fl.)
12 miles WNW Sivas at Yıldızırmak
NW Arane at Koç Köprüsü
SW Zimara at Burmahan on Çaltı Çay
SW Analib(l)a over Karabudak (Sabrina fl.)
S Charax?
6 miles E Comana at Kemer over Saros fl.
NE Pagrum? at Gâvur Ören on Sögütlü Dere
5 miles NW Arca
1.5 miles NE Zizoatra at Kırıkköprü
N Melitene at Kırk Göz Köprü on Tohma Su
(Melas fl.)
S Kiakis on Kuruçay
NNW Korpinik Hüyük at Bahadın on Arabkir
Çay
S Hastek Kale at Kara Mağara Köprü over
Arabkir Çay
L
TIB Kappadokien 142, 200
Roads
Itinerary
Caesarea → Arasaxa → Comana → Kokousos →
Melitene
Caesarea → Sebasteia
Lacotena → Melitene (frontier road)
Melitene → Dascusa → Zimara → E
Melitene → Sebasteia
Sibora → Sebasteia → Kamisa → Zara
Sebastopolis → Serm(o)usa? → Map 63
Caesarea → Bünyan → (H)erp(h)a
Arasaxa → (H)erp(h)a → Tanadaris → Arabissos
Arasaxa → Ariaratheia → Gauraina → Melitene
Period
Reference
Magie 1950, 1349-50; Hild 1977, 86-87
Hild 1977, 72
Hild 1977, 142; Mitford 1998, 257-59
Mitford 1998, 261-67
Hild 1977, 106
Ramsay 1890, 264-66; Munro 1893, 722-27;
Cumont 1906, 318-30
Anderson 1903, 31-34; Magie 1950, 1079-80
TIB Kappadokien map
Sinclair 1989, 443-521
TIB Kappadokien, 125
992
MAP 64 CAESAREA-MELITENE
Itinerary
Period
Caesarea → [Kiskisos] → Map 67
Caesarea → [Kiskisos] → Comana
Ariaratheia → Sebasteia
Gauraina → Euspena
Melitene → Kerar Kale → Map 89
Melitene → Zizoatra → Map 67
Sebasteia → Gökkaya
Analib(l)a → Zara
Roads around Capotes? M.
Reference
TIB Kappadokien, 125-27
TIB Kappadokien, 125-27
Hild 1977, 131
TIB Kappadokien map
Mitford 1979; 1998, 257-60
TIB Kappadokien map
Cumont 1906, 228-36
T.B. Mitford
Mitford 1998, 265-68
Unlocated Toponyms
Name
Period
Probable Location
Reference
Ad Praetorium
R
TIB Kappadokien 187
Apenzinsos
Argos
Arianodum
Arsanus fl.
Artaxata
Asarinum
Attagaina
Azamora
L
H?R
R?L
R
R
L
L
HR?
vicinity of Hekimhan or Hasan
Çelebi
in Cappadocia
fortress high in Taurus
SW Zizoatra
distinct from Arsanias?
E Caesarea
24 miles from Kokousos
in Orp(h)anene
stronghold in Cappadocia
Ramsay 1890, 307
RE 6
ItMiller 762
RE Arsanias 2
ItAnt 180.1
RE
RE
RE
Blandi
Borissos
R
L
between Sebasteia and Melitene
in Cappadocia
RE
RE Suppl. 1
Claudias/
Claudiopolis
Coeranus fl.
RL
TIB Kappadokien 197
R
fort and road station, perhaps at
Kerar Kale
in Cappadocia
RE 1
Dandaxina/
Dandexina
Dastarkon
R
between Kokousos and Melitene
RE
R
RE
Dasteira
Dogana
H
R
shrine of Apollo, probably on
Zamantı Su below Ekrek
settlement near Dastracus M.
Devekse
Euesa/
Euaissa?/
Seioua?/
Siva?
Eusimara/
Phousipara?
L
in Orp(h)anene, NNW Caesarea,
or in Armenia Minor
Jones 1971, 434; TIB Kappadokien 176, 250
R
in Melitene
RE
Garnake
Getasa
R
L
in E Cappadocia
in Cappadocia
RE
Ramsay 1890, 308
(H)Ispa
RL
between Sebasteia and Melitene
RE Hispa
Iassos
R
in Melitene
RE Ἰασσός 1
Kanotala
Karape
Karmalas fl.
L
R
H
RE
RE Καράπη
RE
Kizara
Korsagaina
Kritalla
R
L
C
in Cappadocia
in Armenia Minor
dams above (H)Erp(h)a, on
Zamantı Su?
in Laouiansene
in Orp(h)anene
marshalling point of Xerxes’ army
RE; Magie 1950, 1222
RE Zara 1
Ptol. 5.6.14
RE
Ramsay 1890, 314
RE; Cook 1983, 117
MAP 64 CAESAREA-MELITENE
Name
Period
Probable Location
Reference
Ladoineris
Larissa
R
RL
RE Suppl. 4
RE Larisa 11; TIB Kappadokien 221;
Sinclair 1989, 462-63
Laugasa/
Laustasa?
Lerisus
R
in Melitene
vicinity of (H)Erp(h)a or on
Karasekdüzü, 12 miles WSW
Kangal?
in Laouiansene
R?L
in Cappadocia or Armenia
GeogRav 2.16
Mallos
Mogariassos
H
L?
near (H)Erp(h)a and Karmalas fl.
vicinity of Comana
RE Karmalas
TIB Kappadokien 238
Nocotesso
Nosalene
L
R
W Melitene
in Laouiansene
ItMiller 738
RE Νοσαλήνη
Oromandros
Orp(h)anene/
Orbisene?
Orsa/
Orsene?
R
L
RE
RE Suppl. 7; TIB Kappadokien 250
R
in Armenia Minor
district in Armenia Minor or
Saraouene
next to Orbisene
Pacosanda
Pasarne
Phargamous
Phouphagena/
Phouphena?
Phousipara? = Eusimara
Pisingara
R?L
R
L
R
near Melitene?
in Laouiansene
in E Cappadocia?
in Armenia Minor
GeogRav 2.16
Ptol. 5.6.24
TIB Kappadokien 258
Ptol. 5.6.20
R
in Armenia Minor
RE
Sabagena
Sadagena
Sandrales/
Sandiale
Seioua? = Euesa
Sinervas/
Sinibra/
Sinera
Siva? = Euesa
Spania
R
R
RL
in Laouiansene
in Sargarausene
in Cappadocia
RE Σαβάγηνα
RE Σαδάγηνα
TIB Kappadokien 271
R
in Armenia Minor
RE Σίνηρα 3
L
in Cappadocia
TIB Kappadokien 287-88
Titarissos
Tynna
R
R
in Melitene
in Kataonia
RE
RE
Zenokopis
Zomeri
Zoparistos
R
L?
R
vicinity of Kemaliye
village in vicinity of Sebasteia
in Melitene
RE; T.B. Mitford
TIB Kappadokien 308
RE
RE
RE 2
False Toponyms
Name
Period
Castabola
Cilissa/
Ingilissis
Kaparkelis
Salius fl.
Singa
R
R
Reference
intrusion from Lycaonia or Cilicia
corruption of Cilicia
ItMiller 737; RE Kastabala
ItMiller 737
intrusion from Syria, in
Laouiansene
at Comana, corruption of Saros fl.
intrusion from Commagene
Ptol. 5.7.10
Pliny, NH 6.3
ItMiller 738; Ramsay 1890, 66
993
994
MAP 64 CAESAREA-MELITENE
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