WARNING:
Onlyfor useby childrenover 8 yearsold. Onlyfor use
underthe supervisionof adult. Donot eat the stained
material.
ITEM #752-08
AGES 8 & up
CAUTION!
Readthe instructions beforeuse, follow themandkeep
themfor reference.Keepsmall childre~ andanimalsaway
fromexperiments.
Storethe set out of reachof smallchildren.Eyeprotectionfor supervising
a¢ults is not included.
SMITHSONIAN
COOL CIRCUITS
BA’VrERYSAFETYINFORMATION
¯ Non-rechargeable
batteries are not to be recharged.
¯ Rechargeable
batteries are to be removed
fromthe toy beforebeingcharged.
¯ Rechargeable
batteries are only to bechargedunderadult supervision.
¯ Differenttypesof batteries or newandusedbatteriesare not to bemixed.
¯ Onlybatteries of the sameor equivalenttype as recommended
are to be used.
¯ Batteriesare to beinsertedwith thecorrectpolarity.
¯ Exhausted
batteries are to be removed
fromthe toy.
¯ Thesupplyterminalsarenot to be short-circL,ted.
¯ Keeppackaging
for referencesinceit containsimportantinformation.
A’n’ENTIONSUPERVISING
ADULTS:
Please read instruction
,,,,...,’
before assembling this kit.
NOTE: If batteries are short circuited, overheating or leakage of the
compartment may occur. Let battery cool for one hour Lefore touching.
Experiments should be performed only as instructed in this maqual.
DEAR CUSTOMER,
NSIis the manufacturer
of this kit. If wemade
an error andleft somethingout ol ulis set, cr if something~s damaged, weare sorry and wish to correct our error. Please do not return the set to the store whereyou purchased
~t, or to the Smithsonian,as they do not havereplacement
parts. Instead, write us a letter giving us:
1 Date of Purchase
2 Where Purchased
3. Model Number
4 Nameof Set
5 Brief Description of Problem
6 Sales Slip
Wewill do our best to satisfi/you.
Quality Control Department,Natural ScienceIndustries, Ltd.
910 Orlando Avenue, West Hempstead,NY 11552-3942
(888) 425-9113
PRINTEDIN USA.
ITEMNO. 752-08
©2000SmithsonianInstitution - Natural ScienceIndustries, Lid.
910 ORLANDO
AVENUE¯ WESTHEMPSTEAD,
NY 11552-3942 ° (888) 4; 5-9113
Electricity is beingusedall aroundyou. It lights buildingsandstreet
lamps. It runs computersandtelephones,andit drives cars, subways,
and trains. Manymotors and machinescan be used only becauseof
electrical power.In fact, do youever really think aboutpowernot being
there? For the mostpart, peopleusually take powerfor granted,believing that whenthey flip the switch, pick up the phoneor turn on the computer, the powerwill be there.
Wheredid the idea of powerandelectricity all begin?
For centuries, electricity hasbeena challengeto scientists. Theyhave
knownit exists for a very long time, andhavelearnedto generate,or
produce,
it on a large scale, in orderto make
life a lot easier.
Around600 BC, the Greeksfound that rubbing a stone called Amber
againsta fur cloth, wouldattract, or pull towardsit, particles of straw.
This remainedsomewhat
of a mystery, until about AD1600whenDr.
William Gilbert continuedto studythis. Heusedthe word"electric" to
describe the changeshe wasseeing. Dr. Gilbert’s observationsled to
manyexperiments
andinvestigations into electricity over the next 350
years. Heis called the "Fatherof Modern
Electricity."
For manyyears, scientists continuedto addto Dr. Gilbert’s work. One
famousstory involving electricity andsomeearly discoveriesis the story
of BenjaminFranklin ana his kite. BenjaminFranklin wasan American
writer andscientist whohelpedwrite the Declarationof Independence
andUnitedStatesConstitution. In 1752,Franklin provedthat lightning in
the sky andthe spark from the amberthat the Greeksfirst found to
attract particles of straw werethe samething. This familiar story, where
BenjaminFranklin fastenedan iron spike to a silk kite is a famousone.
Heflew the kite during a thunderstorm,while holdingthe endof the kite
string with an iron key. When
lightning flashed, a tiny sparkjumpedfrom
the key to his wrist. This provedhis theory, but it wasextremelydangerous, he could have beenkilled. Youshouldnevertry to do something
like that!
BenjaminFranklin wasnot alone. In fact, manyearly scientists made
discoveries anddevelopedmachinesthat led to the development
of the
first generators,whichyouhavein this kit. Discoveriessuchas trapping
static electricity in a jar, andcarryingit fromoneplaceto another,other
electrostatic machines,andthe discoveryof the battery all camebefore
the first generator.In early experiments,scientists also discoveredthat
electricity couldhelp cure diseases,andit couldmakernusclestwitch!
Magnets
also providedlots of clues to scientists on howto useelectricity. In 1820, a scientist named
MichaelFaradayshowedhowelectricity
andmagnetism
workedtogether andcreated oneof the earliest electric
motors. It took him morethan 10 years to developthe generatorthat
could makethe motorgo, but in 1831,he did it! Did youknowthat all
these andother important steps weretakenbefore scientists learned
howto generateelectricity on the large scale that weh~vetoday?
Some
of thoseother steps included the invention of the telegraph
machine,usedto sendmessages
acrosslong distance.,;, andthe invention of street lighting. Eventually,this largescalestreet I ghtingled to the
work of scientist Thomas
Edison, andthe invention anduse of indoor
lighting across America. In September
1882, Thomas
Edisontook even
greaterstepswith his first lighting inventionandestablisheda central
generatingstation in Manhattan,NewYork. By the mid-eighties, towns
acrossAmerica
all wanted
to be first in their areato be "electrified".
So whatis a generator, and howdoesit work?
Scientists define a generatoras a machinethat changesmechanical
energyinto electrical energy.In other words,it is a machine
that produces,or generates,electricity. Generators
producealmostall the electricity that is usedby peopletoday. Generators
makeelectricity at power
plants, andthen the electricity travels or moves
throughpowerlines to
our homes,schools, businesses,andoffices.
Generatorscomein all different sizes. Some
are small enoughto fit in
your hand, while others can be as big as a house!A generatorthat big
wouldbe able to produceelectricity for almostonemillicn homes!
Thereare two maintypes of generators. Oneis called a Direct-Current
generator,also called a DCgenerator,andthe other is called an
Alternating-Currentgenerator, or an ACgenerator. DCgenerators
produceelectric currents that alwaysflow in the samedirection, andAC
generators,or alternators, produceelectric currentsthat reversedirection
manytimes every second. Both kinds of generators work on the same
scientific principles.
2
It is importantto remember,
a generatordoesnot create energy.It
changesmechanical
energyinto electrical energy. All generatorsare
poweredby a turbine, which changeskinetic energyto mechanical
energy, a diesel engine, or someother machinethat producesmechanical energy. For example,in an automobile,the sameenginethat powers
the car, also powersthe generator.
A primemoveris a term used to describe a mechanicaldevice that
powersa generator.To get moreelectrical energyfrom a generator, the
primemoverhas to supply moremechanicalenergy. For example,if the
prime moveris a steamturbine, moresteammustflow throughthe turbine in order to producemoreelectricity.
Generatorsproduceelectricity by meansof a principle discoveredby
Michael Faradayof EnglandandJosephHenryof the United States.
Thesescientists foundthey could produceelectricity in a coil of copper
wire by movingthe coil near a magnetor by movinga magnetnear the
coil. This is called electromagneticinduction. Thevoltage, or force, of
the electricity that is producedis called an inducedvoltage or induced
electromotive
force. If the wire is part of a closedcircuit of wires, the
inducedvoltagecausesan electric current, or electricity, to flow through
thecircuit.
Alternative Sourcesof Power
Othersourcesof powerexist to turn mechanical
energyinto electricity.
Somealternatives are solar power,from the sun, wind powerand
water, or hydroelectricpower.
Oursun has alwaysbeenan energysource. It can be usedto heat water
for homesandoffices. In the 1890ssolar water heaterswerefirst used
in California. At that time, peoplewereusing woodandcoal burning
stovesto heat their homes.Electricity andartificial gas, made
fromcoal,
wasalso available, but eachof these wasvery expensive.Usingsolar
energy,or energyfrom the sun, seemed
like a great idea! Therefore,
manyhomesusedsolar water heaters. In fact, in the year 1897, about
30%of the homesnear Los Angeles, usedsolar water heaters.
Additionally, as improvements
weremadeto solar heating systems,they
beganto be usedin Arizona, Florida and manyother sunnyparts of the
United States.
By the year 1920, thousandsof solar water heaterswE.rebeing used. But
by then, large depositsof oil andnatural gaswerediscoveredin parts of
the United States. As these low cost fuels became
available, people
started replacing solar poweredsystemswith heatersthat usedfossil
fuels.
Today,moreandmorepeopleare again choosingsola" water heaters. In
fact, there are morethanhalf a million solar waterhealersin California
alone!
Wateris also a sourceof power,andhasbeenfor a very long time.
Hundredsof years ago, movingwater turned woodenwheelsthat then
turnedbig, heavystonewheelsto grind flour or corn. "-his wascalled a
water wheel. Electricity that comesfrom waterpower
i~ called hydroelectric power.
Did you also knowthat the oceansof the world might someday
supply us
with the energyto powerour homes?
It’s true. Thereare three basic
waysfor scientists to tap the oceanfor its energy.Theycanusethe
ocean’swaves,the ocean’shigh andlow tides, or they can use temperature differences in the water. Mostoceanenergypowerplants are
experimentalthough,meaning
that scientists are still studyingthem,and
they are pretty small in comparison
to the powerplants wehavetoday.
Today,windcanalso be usedto makeelectricity. Thekinetic energyof
the wind can be changedinto other forms of energy, either mechanical
energy
or electrical energy.When
a boatlifts a sail, it is usingwind
energyto pushit throughthe water.
Farmershavebeenusing windenergyfor years to purnp water from
wells using windmills. In Holland, windmills havebeenJsedfor centuries
to pumpwater from low-lying areas. Windcan also be Jsed to turn large
grinding stonesto grind wheator corn, just like a waterwheelis turned
by water power.
As youcan see, electricity powersmanyof the things ir our world, and
there are manywaysfor scientists to generatethat power.Themanydifferent thingsin our life mayrequiredifferent typesof poNeror electricity.
A computer
or flashlight anda car all require different t~pesof power.
Couldyou imaginewhatlife wouldbe like without the w,)rk of the scientists andinventors you havelearned about?
4
A ;SEMBLING
THE LI(;HT/BATTERY/KEY
SWITCH
PLASTICFRAMEANDRANEL
WITH LIGHT
SPRINGTERMINALS
BAI"rERY
CASE
WITH
CONTACTS
LI:’]~
*It is recommended
that you lay out all the pieces/parts neededfor assembly.
Being familiar with the parts and their nameswill makeassembly easier.
CONTENTSINCLUDE:
1
1
2
1
4
4
7
2
1
1
1
1
1
PLASTIC FRAMEAND PANELWITH LIGHT
BATTERYCASE WITH CONTACTS
EGG LUGS
KEY
NUTS
SCREWS
SPRING TERMINALS
WASHERS
SCREWDRIVER
SHORTRED WIRE
6-2/3" (170mm) LONGBLACKWIRE
6-2/3" (170mm) LONGREDWlRE
LED
--
~
~
’ -- SHORT
REDWIRE
170MM
LONG
BLACK
WIRE
170MM
LONG
REDWIRE
Step 1: Attaching the LED
and the Spring Terminals:
Insert the red LEDinto the top hole of the
plastic base. Next insert 2 spring terminals in
the holes directly below the LFD. Insert the
remaining 5 spring terminals in the 5 holes
that are along the bottom of the base.
Step 2: Connect the LEDwires to the top 2
springs. Turn the plastic base upside down.
Bend and attach one wire from the LED to
one spring and then the other wire from the!
LEDto the other spring. Note: To attach a
wire to a spring, simply bendthe spring to one
side to create a gap, then slip the wire into the
gap and let the spring go, causing the spring
to "grab" the wire.
Step3: Eachof the wires on the back of the
LEDwill be connectedto the two long wires
in this kit. Attach the long red wire to one of
the spring terminals below the LED, and the
long black wire to the other. Theselong wires
are going to be connectedto the spring terminals on the bottom springs. Connect the
black wire to the positive (+) spring terminal
andthe red wire to the negative(-) spring terminal.
Step 4: Attaching the Battery Case:
Next you will attach the battery case. Insert
the 3 wires of the battery case through the
holes in the plastic panel. The red and white
wires at the bottom of the battery case are
inserted separately into the two holes closest
to the word"battery" on the panel. Thelonger
white wire up top is inserted into the hole just
below the LEDspring terminals. Insert each
of the screwsthrough the top side of the battery panel and secure the nuts to the screws
on the undersideof the panel.
6
TO INSERTLED
Nowthe battery case is attached to your SHORTWH~TE
plastic base. Attach the battery’s case wires
to the three spring terminals on the underside of the case.
Flip the case over so that it is right side up
and connect the short red wire to the third
and fourth spring terminal on the top of the
base.
\~
LONG
"~
~~-’~
...~
WHITE
~RED
Step 5: Attaching the key switch:
The key switch is going to be attached to the
right of the battery case. First fit one washer
over a screw. Insert that screw and washer
into the key switch hole toward the bottom of
the base. On the underside of the panel,
attach oneegglug before fitting the nut to the
screw. Tighten the nut on the underside of
the panel. Onthe top of the panel, fit the key
switch into place. Next, insert one washer
onto the remaining screw and attach the top
metal part of the key switch to the base. On
the underside of the panel, attach one egg lug and one nut to the back of the
screw. Tighten the nut so that the egg lug is firmly attached.
Step 6: Connecting the Egg Lugs:
Connect the egg lug wires to the 2 lower
spring terminals that are remaining. Insert 2
AABatteries into the battery case. Pay careful attention to the battery orientation that is
printed on the inside of the battery compartment. Your LEDshould light up. In this kit,
you can use this battery/key light switch or
the generator as sources of power.
SHORT WHITE
EGG LUG
EGG LUG
ASSEMBLING
PLASTIC
FRAME
& PANEL
THE
BELL
SPRING
FOR
ADJUSllNGSCREW ADJUSTING
SCREW
sat,Ew
(sl..Ioml
SANDPAPER
PLASTIC
BASE
HAMMER
STOPPER
ENAME-INSULATED
WIRE
SIK)Ct
FEI.T WASHER
*It is recommended
that you lay out all the pieces/parts neededfor assembly.
Being familiar with the parts and their nameswill makeassembly easier.
CONTENTSINCLUDE:
1 PLASTIC FRAMEAND PANEL
1 ADJUSTING SCREW
1 BELL
1 ENAMEL-INSULATEO
WIRE
1 FELT WASHER
1 HAMMER
1 HAMMERSTOPPER
1 IRON RO0
1 KNOB FOR ADJUSTING SCREW
1 LUG FOR ADJUSTING SCREW
1 METAL BRACKET
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
S
1
NUT
SAND PAPER
PLASTIC BASE
SCREW(SHORT)
SPOOL
SPRING FOR ADJUSTINGSCREW
SPRINGTERMINALS
TAPPING SCREWS(LONG)
TAPPING SCREW(SHORT)
WITH WASHER
Step1: Preparingthe Bell’s Electromagnet:
Cuta 6 inch length of enamel-insulated
wire.
Use sandpaperto removeabout 1 inch of
insulationfromeachendof that pieceof wire,
andthe remaininglong wire. Set the 6 inch
pieceof wire aside;youwill useit in Step7.
Step2: Carefully wrapthe long pieceof wire
around the spool. Leave about 4 inches
unwound
at the beginningandabout 10 inches unwoundat the end. Thewire should be
wrappedtightly aroundthe spool. However,
be careful not to tug on the wire as you are
wrappingit, as the wire couldbreak. Insert
both endsof the wire through2 holes on the
sameside of the spool. Loopeachend aroundand through the hole again. The
wire-wrapped
spoolis the coil of the bell’s electromagnet.
Step3: Nextinsert the iron rod throughthe
spoolof wire. Attachthe metalbracketto the
rod with the short screw.Set this asideto be
usedin Step4.
Step4: Fastenthe baseto the plastic panel
with the five long tapping screws. Be sure
the screwholes are lined up properly: 3 on
oneside, 2 on the other. Nowinsert the tabs
of the wired spoolinto the base. Insert the
spring terminals into the holesmarkedB.
9
Step 5: Fasten the bell to the post using the
felt washerand the short screw.
*Note: The felt washerhas adhesive material with the seal on a side. Removethe seal
beforeaffixing it to the post.
Step 6: Follow these steps to assemblethe
bell hammer:
1. There is a square hole on the end of the
hammerthat aligns with the notch on the end
of the base. Attach the metal hammeronto
the base. Next, slide the hammerstopper,
from left to right over the end of the base, to
keep the hammerin place.
2. Attach the adjusting screw to the plastic
knob.
3. Insert the adjusting screwinto the spring.
4. Insert the lug over the screw, andfasten it
with the nut
5. Slide the nut portion into the slot on the
base, across from the wire spool.
Step 7: Join one end of the electromagnet’s
wire to a spring terminal, underneath the
base, by feeding the wire through the tiny
holes in the base.
Join the other end to the lug on the adjusting
screw, by wrapping the wire around the lug.
lO
Then, connect the short wire you prepared in
Step 1 between the remaining spring terminal
(on the undersideof the case) and the lug of the
hammer,agair~ by feeding the wire through the
tiny hole in the base.
Youcan chooseto use either the generator or
the battery/key switch in this kit as a source
of power to operate your bell.
Happy
Experimenting!
OPERATINGTHE BE,’.L
¯
¯
¯
¯
BELL
LIGHT/BATTERY/KEY
SWITCH
WIRES
(1 red and 1 black
from motorbag)
BATTERIES
Install 2 "AA"batteriesin the battery caseof the light/battery/keyswitch. After wiringthe
experiment
as illustrated, pressthe key’s lever. Thecircuit is chargedwith electricity and
the electromagnet
worksto soundthe bell.
TIPS:If the bell doesnot soundevenif youadjustedthe bell striker, try the
followingsteps:
1. When
the top of the hammer
is located underthe bell, raise it with your
fingerto hit thebell.
2. Adjust the shapeof the hammer
by bendingit with your finger.
CONCLUSION:
When
youpressthe key, the electromagnet
on the bell is magnetized
andattracts the hammer. Whenthe hammer
is drawnto the electromagnet,it breaks the contact with the
adjustingscrew,interruptingthe flow of electricity, the electromagnet
losesits force and
the hammer
returns to its original position. In its
original position, the hammer
againcontactsthe
adjusting screws, completing the electricity’s
~.~’~ "~
path. The electromagnet becomesactive ,~,~
again and attracts the hammer,and the
cycle continuesuntil youreleasethe key.
"~
11
ASSEMBLING THE MOTi )R
PI.ASTIC FRAME
& PANEL
MAGfqET
I-K)iD~R
I \
v
v
/
~,/
PI.ASIIC
-%.......~.~
BASE
~
SHAFT ~
~
MAGNETN
PEAS11C
CC~LA
PLASTIC
COiLC
- ~
~’~
BRUSHES
ROTORS
.~J.,-/j
<..."c.-"
~
PLASI1CCOB.B
AX~ POINT
~
~
Et4AMEL-INSU~TEDWIRE
ROTATING
PRATE"’"
COMMUTATORS
FAN°’"
DOUBLE-SIDED
TA~
COI.ORDiSK"’"
TAPRNGSCREWS
TAPPINGSCREWS
ISHORT)
*It is recommended
that you lay out all the pieces/parts neededfor assembly.
Beingfamiliar with the parts and their nameswill makeassemblyeasier.
CONTENTSINCLUDE:
1 PLASTIC FRAMEAND PANEL 1
1 AXIS HOLDER
1
1 AXIS POINT
1
BRUSHES
2
1
1 PLASTICCOIL A
1
1 PLASTICCOIL B
1
1 PLASTICCOIL C
14
1 PLASTICCOIL D
1
1 COLORDISK***
1
3 COMMUTATORS
2
2 DOUBLE-SIDEDTAPE
2
1 ENAMEL-INSULATEDWIRE 8
1 GREASE
MAGNETHOLDER
MAGNETNORTHPOLE
MAGNETSOUTI~ POLE
PLASTIC BASE
FAN***
ROTATING
PLATE***
ROTORS
SAND PAPER
SHAFT
SPRING TERMINALS
TAPPING SCREWS(SHORT)
TAPPING SCREWS(LONG)
***COLOR DISK, FAN & ROTATINGPLATEARE NOT REQUIRED
FOR
ASSEMBLY,BUT ARE USED DURINGEXPERIMENTS.
12
Step 1: Assemblingand preparing
the shaft with rotors
Insert Coil A, the 14 rotors andthen Coil B over the
metal shaft. Makesure the groovesof the coils are
lined up with eachother.
step 2: Use sand paper to removeabout 1 inch of
insulation fromboth endsof the 3 wires.
Step 3: Carefully wind the enamelinsulated wire
aroundeachpole of the rotor, leavingabout1 inch at
each end. Remember
to wind the wire in the same
direction aroundthe poles.
Step4: Twist the wire endstogether.
Step 5: Insert the 3 commutators
into Coil C, so that
they are coveringthe "pole" part of that coil. Attach
Coil Dto holdthemin place. Insert the coils (with commutators) onto the shaft. Theninsert the assembled
wire coils A andB over the shaft as well. Foldthe commutatorsoutwardto securethe coils. *Thecoil C piece
should be sitting flush with the Coil B piece on the
shaft.
step 6: Next windthe twisted endsof a pair of wire
aroundeachof the commutators,makingsure that
all piecesare tightly secured.
13
Step 7: Attaching the magnets
Use the double-sided tape to attach the magnetsto
the inside of the magnetholder. Attach one magnetto
the holder’s right side and the other magnetto the
holder’s left side.
Step 8: Attaching the Plastic Base
to the Plastic Panel
Attach the plastic base to the plastic panel with 4 of
the long tapping screws. The cut-out hole of the base
sits closest to the word motor, Attach the two spring
terminals as shown.
Step 9: Attaching the axis holder
and magnet holder
Insert the coil D side of the shaft into the axis holder.
Insert the coil B side of the shaft into the magnetholder. Fasten each holder to the plastic base. Use2 long
tapping screws each.
Step 10: Attach the axis point to the end of the shaft.
Apply grease where E:3, marks are indicated when
you are using the motor in experiment 8 (later in the
kit).
Step 11: Next, secure the brushes with 2 short tapping screws. Go up through the back side of the
panel, so you touch the commutatorson the front side
of the panel.
Step 12: Next, cut the remainingwire in half. Connect
these to the brushes, and the spring terminals, on the
underside of the panel. Be sure the wire is cut and
enamelis removedfrom both ends to ensure a proper
connection.
14
OPERATING THE MOTOR
REQUIRE:
¯
MOTOR
¯
LIGHT/BATTERY/KEYSWITCH
¯
WIRES
¯
BATTERIES
After wiring the aboveexperiment,install the batteries and press the key’s lever. This circuit is chargedwith electricity and the motorstarts spinning.
CONCLUSION:
Whenyou press the key’s lever, the coil in the motor becomes
magnetized.The coil’s magnetic field first repels, and then attracts the permanentmagnets,and the coil spins. When
the coil travels 1/3 of a circle, the first commutator
breakscontact with the brush andelectricity is cut off. Whenthe next commutatortouchesthe brush, the next coil becomes
magnetized, and the process repeats. Whenthe commutatorcomesin contact with another
brush, the motor receives repelling force from another magnetand keepsspinning until you
releasethe key’s lever.
N
15
REVERSING THE MOTOR’S DIRECTION
REQUIRE:
¯ MOTOR
¯ LIGHT/BATTERY/KEY
¯ WIRES
¯
BATTERIES
SWITCH
CONCLUSION:
This experimentis similar to the previousone, but you can connectthe battery in the opposite wayto see what happenswhen(+) or (-) are swapped.Whenthe electric current
reversed, magnetic poles are also reversed.
COLOR MIXING WITH A ROTATING MULTICOLOREDDISC
REQUIRE:
¯ MOTOR
¯ LIGHT/BATTERY/KEY SWITCH
¯ WIRES
¯ MULTICOLORED DISC
(comes with Motor)
¯
ROTATINGPLATE (comes with Motor)
¯ BATTERIES
CONCLUSION:
This experimentdisplays howcolors look whenthey are mixed, using the color mixing disc.
Snapthe multicolored disc onto the rotating plate, and attach the plate to the motor’s shaft.
Theninstall the batteries and press the key.
Red, blue and green are the three primary colors. Seewhat happenswhenall three are
mixed. Try tapping white paperover part or all of a color to see what ot’~er color combinations look like.
16
ASSEMBLING THE ELECTRIC GENERATOR
PLASTICFRAME
& PANEL
GEAR BOXLOWERCASE
TAPPINGSCREWS
(SHORT)
GREASE
~~LLEN
PLASTIC
BASE
~
WRENCH
~~
~
TAPPING SCREWS
(LONG)
MOTORSET
NUT
GEAR(LARGE)
ANDLE KNOB
®®
GEARS
(SMALL)
GEAR BOX COVER
~) GEAR JOINT
~ HEXAGONALSOCKETSET BOLT
SPRINGTERMINALS
~
~
170MMLONG BLACK WtRE
170MMLONGRED WIRE
*It is recommended
that you lay out all the pieces/parts neededfor assembly.
Being familiar with the parts and their nameswill makeassembly easier.
CONTENTSINCLUDE:
PLASTIC FRAMEAND PANEL
GEAR(LARGE)
GEARS(SMALL)
GEAR BOX COVER
GEAR BOX LOWERCASE
GEARJOINT
GREASE
HANDLE
HANDLE KNOB
HANDLE SH~FT
1
1
1
1
1
2
8
1
1
1
17
HEXAGONALSOCKETSET BOLT
ALLEN WRENCH
MOTORSET
NUT
PLASTIC BASE
SPRING TERMINALS
TAPPING SCREWS(SHORT)
TAPPING SCREW(LONG)
170mm LONG REDWIRE
170mm LONGBLACK WIRE
Step 1: The Gear Assembly
Attach the two small gears and one large gear
to the gear box cover. The center ridge should
be facing up, as illustrated. Whenassembled,
the gears will slightly overlap eachother. Apply
grease to the joint wherethe large gear and
small gear meet and apply grease to the joint
where the two small gears meet as shownin
Figure 1.
Fig 2
Step 2:
Insert the longer and smootherend of the
shaft through the baseof the gear box cover,
into the large gear. Insert the gear joint, and
tighten it with the hexagonalsocket set bolt,
using the allen wrench. Apply grease to the
jagged end of the shaft as shownin Figure 2.
Fig. 3
Step 3:
Attach the gear box lower case. Makesure the
center axle of eachgear fits into eachhole of
the lower case.
Step 4:
Fastenthe baseto the plastic panel, with four
of the short tapping screws, as shownin Fig. 4.
Next, insert the two spring terminals into the
holes on the panel, labeled G.
18
Fig 4
Step 5:
Place the motorin the plastic base,as illustrated. Insert the motor’s wires through the holes in
the base. Matchthe lug on the bottom of the
motor with the recessed port on the base. Be
careful with the wires, as excessivehandling will
causethe wires to break off at the solder point.
Insert the small gear over the motor’s shaft. Gear
shouldsit flush with the top of the shaft.
Step 6:
Next, attach the gear assemblythat you put
together in steps 1-3, to the base/motorassembly. After makingsure all gears are connecting
with eachother properly, fasten it with the
remaining short tapping screws.
REDWIRE
Fig. 5
LACKWIRE
I
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Step 7:
Connectthe wires from the motor to the backs of
the spring terminals, on the undersideof the
plastic frame and panel.
Fig. 8
Step 8: Attaching the handle
Attach the handle knob to the handle’s edge,
using the long tapping screw. Be careful not to
over tighten the handle and the handle knob.
Step 9:
Finally, install the handleon the shaft’s end.
Securethe handle with the nut.
Fig. 9
19
OPERATINGTHE GENERAT~)R
REQUIRE:
¯
GENERATOR
¯
LIGHT/BATTERY/KEY SWITCH
¯
WIRES
00000
CONCLUSION:
Whenelectricity flows through the motor, it spins. Try turning the motor by handand see
what happens.
After wiring the experimentas illustrated, turn the generator’s handle clockwise and see
howthe light comeson. Turning the motor by handgenerateselectricity.
OPERATING THE BELL USING THE GENERATOR
REQUIRE:
¯
GENERATOR
¯
BELL
¯
WIRES
CONCLUSION:
After wiring the experimentas illustrated, turn the handleeither clockwiseor counter-clockwise. Howdoes the bell sound?Whenyou turn the handle quickly, tl’,e bell soundslouder becausemoreelectricity is generated.Thelarger amountof electricity makesthe electromagnetstronger, thus makingthe bell’s soundlouder.
20
OPERATINGTHE MOTORUSING THE GENERATOR
REQUIRE:
¯ GENERATOR
¯ MOTOR
¯ WIRES
CONCLUSION:
After wiring the experimentas illustrated, turn the handle. Youmight needto turn it rapidly, since the motorrequires moreelectricity than the bell.
REQUIRE:
¯
GENERATOR
¯ MOTOR
¯
FAN
¯
WIRES
CONCLUSION:
Attach the fan to the motor’s shaft with the axis point at the end and turn the generator’s
handle as fast as you can. With your other handyou will needto give the fan a little spin
to get it going.
21
THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION FACT SHEET
The Smithsonian Institution is a museum,education and research complex
of 17 museumsand galleries, and the National Zoological Park. Fifteen museurns and galleries are located in Washington,D.C., two are in NewYorkCity, and
the National Zoois in Washington.Ten of the museums
and galleries are situated on the National Mall between the U.S. Capitol and WashingtonMonument.
Oneof the world’s leading scientific research centers, the Institution has
facilities in eight states and the Republic of Panama.Researchprojects in the
arts, history, and science are carried out by the Smithsonianall over the world.
The new National Museumof the AmericanIndian is scheduled to open on
the National Mall in 2002. The centerpiece of the museumis the priceless collection of Native Americanartifacts transferred to the Smithsonian from the
Museumof the American Indian, Heve Foundation (New York). The NewYork
exhibition facility - the HeyeCenter of the National Museumof the American
Indian openedOctober 30, 1994 in lower Manhattan.
Another new museum,the National Postal Museum,is located near Union
Station on Capitol Hill. Devotedto the history of the U.S. mail service, the
museumhouses the world’s largest and most comprehensive collection of its
kind, with morethan 16 million stamps, covers, and artifacts.
HISTORY
James Smithson(1765-1829), a British scientist, drew up his will in 1826
naminghis nephew, Henry James Hungerford, as beneficiary. Smithson stipulated that should the nephewdie without heirs (as he did in 1835), the estate
would go to the United States to found "at Washington,under the nameof the
Smithsonian Institution, an establishment for the increase and diffusion of
knowledge..?’
On July 1, 1836, Congress accepted the legacy bequeathed to the nation by
JamesSmithson,and pledgedthe faith of the UnitedStates to the charitable trust.
In 1838, following approval of the bequest by the British courts, the United
States received Smithson’sestate - bags of gold sovereigns - then the equivalent
of $515,169.Eight years later, on August10, 1846, an Act of Congresssigned by
President JamesK. Polk, established the SmithsonianInstitution in its present
form and provided for the administration of the trust, independentof the government itself, by a Boardof Regents and Secretary of the Smithsonian.