What every parent should know about teens and substance abuse.

What every parent should know about
teens and substance abuse.
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The Narcotics Overdose
Prevention & Education (NOPE)
Task Force is a 501-c3 nonprofit
organization that was formed in
Palm Beach County, Florida in
2004, to combat the illegal use of prescription drugs and narcotics, as well as other
abused substances. NOPE Task Force is comprised of community leaders and
concerned families working to save lives.
Mission
To diminish the frequency and impact of overdose death
through community education, family support and
purposeful advocacy.
Our Vision
A world free of
overdose deaths.
School Presentations
The cornerstone of the NOPE Mission is the high impact
presentation which is delivered to middle and high school
students. The NOPE presentations
are purposefully blunt and evoke
powerful emotions. The response
from students, parents and
teachers has been very
positive. Many students seek
NEW PHOTO? guidance after the presentation for
themselves or to get help for their friends.
NOPE For Parents, Communities and
Universities
NOPE offers parents/caretakers, communities and
universities interactive presentations that inform
participants about the reality our nation faces regarding
substance abuse and overdose deaths along with
suggestions and parenting strategies to combat the
issues.
Efficacy
Lynn University, Boca Raton, Florida, provides ongoing
quantitative and qualitative research for NOPE programs
to determine whether or not NOPE presentations actually
change students’ core attitudes, opinions, perceptions
and behaviors relative to alcohol and other drug issues.
The research completed to date has shown the NOPE
presentations to be effective in changing students’
attitudes and knowledge in regards to our three main
messages. We believe that measurable changes in these
important variables may translate to less overdose
deaths.
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Treatment
Treatment is costly, and for many, unaffordable. The ultimate
goal of NOPE is to seek out, and support the best treatment
programs, and provide assistance to adolescents and
young adults seeking further help from them.
Support
NOPE partners with local agencies within Chapter locations
to offer group emotional support services to families who have lost loved ones to
drug related deaths. Groups meet once a month and are run by a mental health
professional at no cost to group members.
Awareness
Candle Light Vigil
The NOPE National Candle Light Vigil brings communities
together each year during Red Ribbon Week to remember
those lost to and suffering from substance abuse in an
effort to bring awareness to the consequences our nation
faces with the illegal use of prescription and illicit drugs.
The NOPE Vigil strives to reduce the stigma surrounding
the disease of addiction so that those suffering will openly
seek help.
Anti-Drug Legislation
Not nearly enough action is being taken at the state and
federal levels to combat the proliferation of illegal drugs, and
the illegal distribution of powerful prescription drugs. NOPE
brings its message to both public and private forums in
order to focus attention on this epidemic that is killing our
children, and to put a human face on the debate. The
message is simple: Kids cannot die from a drug
overdose if they do not have access to drugs.
West Palm Beach, FL 33407
NARCOTICS
OVERDOSE
PREVENTION &
EDUCATION
www.nopetaskforce.org
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The facts don’t lie
● In 2007, 27,658 unintentional drug overdose deaths occurred in the United
States.
(Source: Unintentional Drug Poisoning in the United States, Center for Disease Control
and Prevention-www.cdc.gov/injury)
● Drug overdose deaths are second only to car crashes for unintentional injury
deaths.
(Source: Center for Disease Control, 2008)
● The majority of deaths are largely due to misuse and abuse of prescription
drugs. In the majority of deaths, more than one drug is found.
(Source: Leonard J. Paulozzi, M.D., M.P.H., Medical Epidemiologist, National Center for
Injury Prevention and Control Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
● 2 million hospital emergency department visits are attributed to drug misuse or
overdose.
(Source: Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN), 2008 National ED Estimates)
● Every day 2,500 teens in the United States try prescription drugs to get high for
the first time.
(Source: Partnership at Drugfree.org)
● 60% of teens who have abused prescription painkillers did so before age 15.
(Source: Partnership at Drugfree.org, Partnership Attitude Tracking Study (PATS) 2010)
● About half of teens do not see great risk in trying prescription drugs.
(Source: Partnership at Drugfree.org, Partnership Attitude Tracking Study (PATS) 2010)
● There are as many new abusers age 12 to 17 of prescription drugs as there are
of marijuana.
(Source: Partnership at Drugfree.org)
● More than 70% of people who abuse prescription painkillers say they get them
from family or friends.
(Source: National Survey on Drug Use and Health, SAMHSA Office of Applied Studies,
2010)
● 45% of those who begin drinking alcohol before the age of 14 become alcohol
dependent at some time in their lives, compared with 10% of those who wait at
least until age 21.
(Source: Archives of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine)
● More teens are in treatment with a primary diagnosis of marijuana dependence
than for all other illicit drugs combined.
(Source: Treatment Episodes Data Set (TEDS) 1999-2009, SAMHSA, 2011)
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The Gateway Drugs
Tobacco, alcohol and marijuana are the drugs that young people use most often.
Each of them is destructive in its own right, and the use of any one of them may
“open the door” to involvement with other drugs.
Tobacco
Smoking, chewing and dipping all involve the use of
nicotine. The nicotine in tobacco is one of the most
addictive of drugs. Long-term use of tobacco often
results in high blood pressure, heart attack, chronic
bronchitis, pneumonia, emphysema and/or cancer of
the lungs, throat and mouth.
Alcohol
Like cocaine or marijuana, alcohol is a drug. It
can alter moods, cause changes in the body
and become habit-forming. The most widely
used drug among teenagers, and Americans in
general, is alcohol. Drinking is the third leading
cause of death in the U.S. after heart disease
and cancer, and is a factor in over half of all fire
deaths, drownings, injuries traffic fatalities and
murders in the U.S. Long-term use of alcohol
can result in memory loss, high blood pressure, enlarged heart, liver ailments,
impotency and ulcers, as well as alcoholism.
Marijuana
Today’s marijuana is 10-20 times more potent than
that used in the 1960’s. The active ingredient in
marijuana (THC) accumulates in the body with the
chemicals from just one joint taking 3-6 weeks to
leave the body. Smokers continue to build up these
chemicals with long term use, adversely affecting the
lungs, heart, brain, reproductive system, and the
body’s immune response to infections and disease.
The younger the user, the more damaging the
effects. It is rare for younger people ever to use any
other illegal drug without having first used marijuana.
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Commonly Abused Substances
Street Name and Description
Pa
Cocaine
Coke, Snow, Nose Candy, Flake, Blow, Big C, Ladywhite, Snowbirds
Highly addictive stimulant that appears as a fine white, crystalline powder
inhaled through the nose or dissolved and injected. Sources: National
Drug Intelligence Center and www.DEA.gov
Crack Cocaine
Ready Rock, Gravel, Rock, Freebase
Highly addictive and powerful stimulant that is derived from powdered
cocaine. Crack typically is available as rocks, white or off white, varies in
size, and is smoked. Sources: National Drug Intelligence Center and www.
DEA.gov
DMXDextromethorphan
Cough suppressant available in over-the-counter cough and cold
medications. Sources: National Drug Intelligence Center and
www.DEA.gov
Heroin
Dreamer, Junk, Smack, Horse, Mud, Brown Sugar, Black Tar, Big H, Dope
Highly addictive and rapidly acting opiate-specifically if it is produced
from morphine. The appearance may vary dramatically but is generally
sold as a white or off-white powder. Heroin is snorted, smoked or injected.
Sources: National Drug Intelligence Center and www.DEA.gov
Inhalants
Inhalants are a diverse group of substances that include volatile solvents,
gases, and nitrites that are sniffed, snorted, huffed, or bagged to produce
intoxicating effects similar to alcohol. These substances are found in common
household products like glues, lighter fluid, cleaning fluids, and paint products.
Sources: National Drug Intelligence Center and www.DEA.gov
LSD
Acid, Microdot, Tabs, Doses, Trips, Hits, Sugar Cubes
Tablets, capsules, and liquid form. It is an odorless, colorless substance with
a slightly bitter taste that is usually ingested orally. It is often added to
absorbent paper, and divided into small decorated squares, each
representing one dose. Sources: National Drug Intelligence Center and
www.DEA.gov
Mescaline Psilocybin
Shrooms, Caps, Magic Mushrooms
Mescaline Psilocybin obtained from certain mushrooms indigenous to
tropical and subtropical regions of South America, Mexico, and the United
States. Mushroom cap eaten, brewed and drunk in teas. Sources: National
Drug Intelligence Center and www.DEA.gov
PCP
Angel Dust, Ozone, Rocket Fuel, Peace Pill, Elephant Tranquilizer, Dust
White crystalline powder, readily dissolves in water. On the illicit market the
color to ranges from tan to brown, commonly applied to a leafy material,
such as parsley, mint, oregano, or marijuana, and smoked. Sources:
National Drug Intelligence Center and www.DEA.gov
Steroids
Rhoids, Juice
Synthetically produced variants of the naturally occurring male hormone
testosterone. The full name for this class of drugs is androgenic (promoting
masculine characteristics) anabolic (tissue building) steroids (the class of
drugs). Sources: National Drug Intelligence Center and www.DEA.gov
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ParaphernaliaRisk
Restless, irritable, anxious, increased temperature, heart attack,
respiratory failure, stroke and seizure, and sudden death when
combined with alcohol.
Aggressive and paranoid behavior. Users may experience
respiratory problems, lung trauma and bleeding, seizure and
cardiac arrest.
Hypothermia, nausea, irregular heartbeat, high blood pressure,
headache, seizures, brain damage, and death.
ope
Both new and experienced users risk overdose. Risks include
addiction, shallow breathing, convulsions, coma and death.
Dizziness, hallucinations, belligerence, weight loss, disorientation, depression, chronic abuse may cause brain damage.
Death may occur from a single use or after prolonged use.
SSD (sudden sniffing death) may result within minutes of abuse.
Elevated blood pressure and body temperature, suppressed
appetite, sleeplessness, chronic recurring hallucinations,
tremors.
Increased blood pressure, sweating, nausea, hallucinations.
st
Hallucinations, impaired motor coordination, inability to feel
physical pain, respiratory attack, depression, anxiety,
disorientation, fear, panic, paranoia, aggressive behavior and
violence, exposure to HIV if injected.
Liver cancer, sterility, masculine traits in women and reverse,
aggression, depression, acne, mood swings.
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Prescription Drug Abuse
Prescription Drug Abuse is the use of prescription medication to create an altered
state, to get high, or for reasons – or by people – other than those intended by the
prescribing physician.
Every day 2,500 teens in the United States
try prescription drugs to get high for the first time.
Every day 2,500 teens in the United States try prescription drugs to get high for
How are teens getting Prescription Drugs?
Contrary to popular belief, the most common way that children obtain these drugs
is not “on-line” or from “doctor shopping”. Most children pilfer these medications
from their parents’, friends’, and grandparents’ medicine cabinets.
How Can I Keep My Child from Abusing Prescription Medications?
● Safeguard all drugs at home. Monitor quantities and control access.
● Take note of how many pills are in a bottle or pill packet, and keep track of refills.
This goes for your own medication, as well as for your teen and other members
of your household.
● If you find you have to refill medication more often than expected, there could be
a real problem — someone may be taking your medication without your
knowledge.
● If your teen has been prescribed a drug, be sure you control the medication, and
monitor dosages and refills.
● Set clear rules for teens about all drug use, including not sharing medicine and
always following the medical provider’s advice and dosages.
● Make sure your teen uses prescription drugs only as directed by a medical
provider and follows instructions for over-the-counter (OTC) products carefully.
This includes taking the proper dosage and not using with other substances
without a medical provider’s approval.
● Teens should never take prescription or OTC drugs with street drugs or alcohol.
If you have any questions about how to take a drug, call your family physician or
pharmacist.
● Be a good role model by following these same rules with your own medicine.
(Source: http://www.theantidrug.com/drug_info/prescription_what_can_you_do.asp)
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Life saving home work for Parents…
Prescription drugs can be beneficial and essential for treating many illnesses when
prescribed and taken as directed under a physician’s supervision. However, when
taken in larger amounts or for other reasons, or by other persons than those intended
by the prescribing physician, they can be dangerous and even deadly.
1. Examine the contents of your medicine cabinets for any expired or
unnecessary prescription medications and discard according to the
Department of Environmental Protection regulations.
2. Take the remaining necessary prescriptions out of the medicine cabinet
and count the number of pills in each bottle.
3. Construct a medication log for the remaining prescriptions.
4. LOCK THEM UP!
Lock the commonly abused medications in a secure
location.
Depressants
Chemical agents used to induce sleep, relieve stress
and anxiety. Alcohol is one of the most universal
depressants. Hundreds of substances have been
developed that produce central nervous system
depression. They are referred to as downers, sedatives,
hypnotic’s minor tranquilizers, anxiolytics and antianxiety medications.
Stimulants
Reverse the effects of fatigue on both mental and
physical tasks. Two commonly used stimulants are
nicotine and caffeine. A number of stimulants are under
regulatory control of the CSA and are available by
prescription for legitimate medical use. Stimulants
include amphetamines such as Adderall®, Dexedrine®,
and Ritalin®. Abrupt cessation is commonly followed by
depression, anxiety, drug craving and extreme fatigue
known as a “crash.” Risks include chest pain with
palpitations, hostility, aggression, suicidal or homicidal
tendencies, paranoia, hallucinations, convulsions,
cardiovascular collapse, and death.
Narcotics
Used therapeutically to treat pain, suppress a cough,
alleviate diarrhea and induce anesthesia. Narcotics
include Morphine, Codeine, Heroin, Oxycodone
(Oxycontin®). Use is associated with drowsiness,
inability to concentrate, apathy, dilation of blood vessels,
respiratory depression, severe depression, pain in bones
and muscles, dependence and addiction.
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Commonly abused pharmaceuticals
Acetaminophen
Propoxyphene
Adderall
5mg
Adderall
30mg
Adderall XR
5mg
Adderall XR
30mg
Alprazolam
1mg
Ativan
1mg
Ativan
2mg
Darvon-3
65mg
Demerol
100mg
Adderall
10mg
Adderall
15mg
Adderall
20mg
Adderall XR
10mg
Adderall XR
20mg
Adderall XR
25mg
Alprazolam
2mg
Alprazolam
5mg
Alprazolam
.25 mg
Ativan
.5mg
Clonazepam
1mg
Darvocet-N
100mg
Darvon
65mg
Darvon-N
100mg
Demerol Tablet
Demerol
50mg
Diazepam
5mg
Diazepam
10mg
Diazepam
2mg
Dilaudid
2mg
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Dilaudid
4mg
Fentanyl
Klonopin
1mg
Lorazepam
2mg
Methadone
Morphine
Oxycontin
160mg
Hydromorphone
2mg
Hydromorphone
4mg
Klonopin
.50mg
Lorcet-Plus 7.5mg
Meperidine
50mg
Oxycontin
10mg
Oxycontin
20mg
Oxycontin
80mg
Oxycontin
710
Percocet
5mg
Percodan
2.25mg
Percodan
4.5mg
Ritalin
20mg
Roxicet
5mg-325mg
Soma
350mg
Suboxone
2mg
Temazepam
15mg
Temazepam
30mg
Valium
2mg
Valium
5mg
Valium
10mg
Vicodin
5mg
Vicodin ES-7.5mg
Xanax
1mg
Xanax
2mg
Xanax
.5mg
Xanax
.25mg
Lorcet
10mg
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Underage Drinking
The average brain does not
fully develop until age 24,
therefore, everything that is
placed in the body before that
time has an effect on the
developing brain. Young
drinkers age 12-14 are more
likely to get their alcohol from
family or at home than from
any other source. Understand
the law and set the law at
home. It is illegal to buy,
possess or use alcohol if you
are under the age of 21 and it is illegal to purchase and/or serve alcohol to youth
under the age of 21.
Teens who drink with their parents are more likely to:
• Drink more
• Drink more elsewhere
• Score higher on a measure of “problem drinking” two years later (CADCA, 2010)
Combining Drugs
Mixing drugs and alcohol is
hazardous and unpredictable.
Prescription drugs and alcohol
magnify the impact of many
commonly used drugs and increases
the risk of overdose. Sudden
respiratory arrest can result from
many alcohol-drug combinations.
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Signs of drug overdose
•
•
•
•
•
Seizures, body tremors
Dilated pupils
Confusion
Hallucinations
Cold, clammy skin
• Slow breathing, loud snoring
sound
• Respiratory arrest, not breathing
• Very fast, slow or absent pulse
• Unconsciousness
If you see anyone displaying the
signs and symptoms of a drug
overdose, place them in the
recovery position and call 911
immediately.
Sometimes you
never sleep it off…
A drug overdose is the accidental or intentional use of a drug in an amount
that is higher than is normally used. A drug overdose does not have to be of
the same drug, it can also occur when one drug interacts with another.
Don’t think you can let someone “Sleep it off”.
Respiratory depression from a Central Nervous System Depressant and
Pain Reliever Overdose can cause brain damage or death if not treated
promptly by a medical professional.
If you see any of the symptoms listed above seek emergency medical
treatment immediately!
Make the Call! Dial 911
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Physical evidence of drug use
● Any drugs or drug paraphernalia found on your child or in your home are
indications of drug use, even if he or she insists they “belong to a friend.”
● “Stash cans” often disguised as cola or beer cans
● Bong pipes, small screens, roach clips or rolling papers
● Excess burning of incense or use of room deodorizers
● Liquor missing or watered down
● Mouthwash, breath spray, visine or other eye drops
● Prescription medication disappearing
● Household money disappearing
● Fake ID
Changes in eating and sleeping habits
● Difficulty falling asleep, insomnia; sleeping habits have changed, up all night,
sleeping during the day, inappropriate napping
● Significant weight loss or gain
● Poor appetite or sudden appetite (especially for sweets)
● Spends the night in unsupervised homes
Changes in physical appearance
● Lack of personal cleanliness, messy appearance
● Red eyes and frequent use of eye drops
● Runny nose, congestion, coughing in absence of a cold
● Wearing dark glasses when not necessary
● Pale face, circles under eyes
Changes in behavior and personality
● Abrupt changes in mood
● Hostility, defiance of rules
● Withdrawn, depressed, “I don’t care” attitude
● Lack of responsibility, not doing chores or homework, forgetting family occasions
● Blaming, lying, making excuses
● Memory loss, shortened attention span, disordered thought patterns
● Withdrawal from family, isolation, secretiveness
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Changes in friends and interests
●
New friends or different friends, especially ones who use drugs or express
or display receptivity to drugs or alcohol
●
Friends are rarely introduced and seldom come to the house
●
More time spent in room or away from home, overall the child is more
insular, private and withdrawn
●
Secrecy about actions and possessions. Hobbies, sports or extracurricular activities are given up
●
Stays out past curfew or
sneaks out at night alone
or to join friends
Changes in school or job performance
●
Discipline problems
●
Quitting or getting fired from job
●
Lowered grades, neglected homework
●
Frequent tardiness and absenteeism
●
Falling asleep in class
Has a positive attitude towards drugs and alcohol
●
Pro-drug messages on posters, clothing, social networking sites
●
Strong defense of the occasional use of drugs by peers
●
Easily angered when confronted about substance use
Social Networking
Just as you monitor where your teens go and with whom they spend their time,
you also should monitor their digital activities. Your teen’s browsing history,
social networking page (such as Facebook and Twitter), or their email files (as
a minor, your child’s privacy is at your discretion), may reveal clues as to
whether or not your child is receptive to, or using drugs or alcohol.
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What should I do if I suspect my child is using drugs?
Two words: Take action.
Don’t be afraid to be a strong parent! If the problem becomes too much for you to
handle alone seek professional help, such as counseling, a support group or a
treatment program.
If you suspect that your child may be using alcohol or drugs, share your concerns,
with your child. Choose a time when there will be no interruptions. Do not discuss
when your child is high. Share the previous check list with your child, and express
your concerns. Explain why you are opposed to any drug use and how you intend
to enforce that position.
Do not be misled by:
“I’ve only tried it once.”
“It’s not mine.”
“I was just holding it for a friend.”
“Everyone is doing it.”
“It’s only a little pot.”
“I’ve quit.”
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If you find evidence of your child using cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, ecstasy
or any prescription or over the counter medications, consider this discovery an
emergency situation! Your child needs a professionally administered substance
abuse assessment.
If your child is using drugs, he or she needs your help. Be understanding, firm and
supportive. Try not to be accusatory, sarcastic or self-blaming.
Taking the time to discuss the problem openly is an important first step. It shows
that your child’s well-being is important to you and that you still love him or her,
although you hate what is taking place.
Remember, drug abuse occurs in families of all economic and social backgrounds
– in happy and unhappy homes alike. The faster you act, the sooner your child can
start to become well again.
Source: “Growing Up Drug Free, A Parent’s Guide to Prevention.”
US Department of Education
No one who begins to use drugs thinks he or she will become addicted. Addiction
is a disease characterized by compulsive drug seeking behavior regardless of the
consequences.
Research conducted by the National Institute on Drug Abuse shows that virtually all
drugs that are abused have a profound effect on the brain. Prolonged use of
many drugs including marijuana, cocaine, heroin, and amphetamines can
change the brain in fundamental and long-lasting ways resulting in drug
craving addiction. Certain risk factors make it more likely that individuals will
become addicted to alcohol and other drugs, these Risk Factors include:
● Early age of first use
● Children of alcoholics
● Children with psychological problems
● Children with learning disabilities
● Children of poverty
● Sensation – seekers
● Perceived external approval of drug use
● Affiliation with deviant peers
● Having above average disposable income
Source: “Dangerous Drugs” by Carol Falkowski
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Middle and High School are critical developmental times in our
children’s lives. The Partnership at Drugfree.org’s PATS research
indicates that parents are the most important influence in a teen’s
decision about drug and alcohol use. Kids are 36-65% less likely to
use drugs and/or alcohol if they talk with their parents about drugs
and alcohol.
10
Survival tips
for Parents.
Facts Parents Need To Know
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Get involved in your child’s life by establishing time together.
Learn to communicate effectively.
Set an example by living your value system.
Set and enforce rules and guidelines.
Praise and reward good behavior.
Have 5 family meals a week.
Get to know your child’s friends and their
parents.
8. Monitor your child’s
whereabouts.
9. Give a clear no-use
message about drugs
and alcohol.
10. Maintain an open and
honest dialogue with
your child about
drugs, alcohol and the
consequences of using
either.
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.
Emergency
911
National Youth Crisis Line
1-800-442-4673
Poison Control
www.aapcc.org
1-800-222-1222
Suicide Hot Line
www.suicidepreventionlifeline.org1-800-273-TALK
CHEMICAL DEPENDENCY
Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.)
Cocaine Anonymous (C.A.)
Crystal Meth Anonymous (C.M.A.)
Marijuana Anonymous (M.A.)
Narcotics Anonymous (N.A.)
Nicotine Anonymous (N.A.)
www.alcoholics-anonymous.org
www.ca.org
www.crystalmeth.org
www.marijuana-anonymous.org
www.na.org
www.nicotine-anonymous.org
212-870-3400
800-347-8998
213-488-4455
www.debtorsanonymous.org
www.gamblersanonymous.org
781-453-2743
213-386-8789
415-750-0328
COMPULSIVE GAMBLING
Debtors Anonymous (D.A.)
Gamblers Anonymous (G.A.)
EATING DISORDERS
Anorexia Nervosa
& Associated (Eating) Disorders (ANAD) www.anad.org
Overeaters Anonymous (O.A.)
www.oa.org
847-831-3438
505-891-2664
FAMILY SUPPORT
Adult Children of Alcoholics (ACOA)
www.adultchildren.org
310-534-1815
Al-Anon/Al-Ateen
www.al-anon.org888-425-2666
NarAnonwww.nar-anon.org
Co Dependents Anonymous (CODA)
www.codependents.org
602-277-7991
Nope Task Force
www.nopetaskforce.org
561-478-1055
Parent Help Lline
855-DRUGFRE
Suicide Hotline
800-237-TALK
Suicide Prevention Lifeline
www.suicidepreventionlifeline.org 800-784-2433
ASK ADAM
Address Questions and Concerns regarding
substance abuse anonymously on-line
www.nopetaskforce.org
NOPE Task Force
1-866-612-NOPE
1-561-478-1055
www.nopetaskforce.org
www.facebook.com/nopetaskforce
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NOPE
TASK FORCE
3233 Commerce Place Suite A
West Palm Beach, FL 33407
P: 561-478-1055 F: 561-689-2440
www.nopetaskforce.org
©NOPE Task Force 2012
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