PAP U.S. History
Unit 2-Revolutionary Era
Enduring Understandings

A desire for self-determination and/or political and economic change is at the core
of most revolutions.
Essential Questions


What motivates people to fight?
How does the Declaration of Independence influence American government?
Academic Vocabulary



Guerilla warfare
Civil disobedience
Grievance
____________________________________
Test Date
Name: ___________________
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Teacher: __________________
Period: _________
Great Britain and France fought over control of North America in the French and Indian
War. The colonists helped Great Britain.
The Treaty of Paris 1763 ended the French and Indian War and effectively kicked the French
out of North America.
The Proclamation of 1763, issued by the King of England, stated that colonists could not cross
the Appalachian Mountains.
The Stamp Act was a colonial tax important documents.
The Boston Tea Party was a protest against the King placing a tax on tea.
The Intolerable Acts were laws placed on the citizens of Massachusetts to punish them for
the Boston Tea Party, they included closing the port of Boston and the ban of town hall
meetings.
The phrase “No taxation without representation!” refers to the colonist’s beliefs that they
should have members in government that have a say over laws and taxes that affect the colonies.
The Declaration of Independence was a document written by Thomas Jefferson, declaring the
colonies’ independence from England. It was signed in 1776.
Common Sense was a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine to convince colonists that it was
time to become independent from Britain.
Sam Adams was the leader of the of the Sons of Liberty who started the Committee of Correspondence to stir public support for American independence.
Ben Franklin was an inventor, statesman, diplomat, signer of the Declaration of Independence, and delegate to the Constitutional Convention.
King George III was the King of England who taxed the colonies before the American Revolution.
George Washington was the leader of the Continental Army.
Patrick Henry was a passionate patriot who delivered a famous speech in the Virginia
House of Burgesses stating, “Give me Liberty or give me DEATH!”
John Adams was a patriot leader and representative from Massachusetts, and was very
outspoken in both Continental Congresses.
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Crispus Attucks was one of the first deaths of the revolution, and was killed in the Boston
Massacre.
Civil Disobedience is the refusal to obey a law because of moral obligation or belief, as a
sign of protest – such as the Boston Tea Party.
Abigail Adams wrote numerous letters to her husband, John Adams, encouraging him to
“remember the ladies” – support women’s rights.
Unalienable rights are rights that cannot be taken away, and are the inspiration behind the
Declaration of Independence.
Wentworth Cheswell fought in the Revolutionary War and rode with Paul Revere to warn
the colonists of the British attack.
James Armistead was an African American who acted as a spy during the war.
Bernado de Galvez was the Governor of Spanish Louisiana and assisted the patriot cause by
leading troops against the British army and closing the Port of New Orleans.
Haym Salomon was a Polish Jew who helped finance the American Revolution.
Marquis de Lafayette was a French military leader that provided support and training to
the Continental Army during the American Revolution.
John Paul Jones was a famous U.S. Navy commander, who won many victories against the
British Navy, including his command of the BONHOME RICHARD against the SERAPIS.
Lexington and Concord were the first battles of the American Revolution, the first shot was
fired at Lexington and is known as “the shot heard round the world.”
The battle of Saratoga is considered the turning point of the American Revolution because it
convinced France and Spain to help out.
The Continental Army suffered hardships and came out stronger after the winter atValley
Forge.
The battle of Yorktown is the last battle of the American Revolution, won with the help of
France, and ended with the surrender of General Cornwallis to General Washington.
The Treaty of Paris 1783 officially ended the American Revolution. It stated that Great Britain
had to recognize the United States as an independent nation.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Title Page
2. Fast Facts
3. Fast Facts
4. Table of Contents
5. Bell Ringers
6. Vocabulary
7. French and Indian War notes
8. Join or Die Cartoon
9. Blank
10. Parent-Child Analogies
11. Parent-Child Analogies
12. Events leading to the Revolution
13. Events leading to the Revolution
14. Bloody Massacre
15. Revolutionary People
16. Revolutionary People
17. People matching
18. People Bracket
19. Video Questions
20. Declaration of Independence
21. Declaration of Independence
22. Too Late to Apologize
23. DOI Analysis
24. DOI Questions
25. Patriots V. Loyalists warm-up
26. Capture the Flag
27. John Adams Video Questions
28. Blank
29. American Revolution War Page
30. Battle Stations
31. Battle Stations
32. Battle Stations
33. Battle Stations
34. Battle Stations
35. Battle Stations
36. Battle Stations
37. Clash of Arms
38. Blank
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DATE: _____________________
DATE: _____________________
DATE: _____________________
DATE: _____________________
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Directions: Use your device or textbook to obtain the definitions. Wr ite and example sentence and draw a quick visual for each term.
TERM
CASH CROP
EXAMPLE
SENTENCE
DEFINITION
Crops, such as cotton or tobac- Most of the slaves were brought to
co, raised in large quantities in the colonies to work on cash crops
order to be sold for profit
such as tobacco.
PATRIOT
LOYALIST
BOYCOTT
MINUTEMEN
REVOLUTION
GRIEVANCE
GUERILLA
WARFARE
CIVIL
DISOBEDIENCE
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VISUAL
French and Indian War
_____________ & _____________
VS.
_____________ & _____________
Colonel during French and
Indian War:
___________________
=__________
=___________
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Cartoon Analysis
In June 1754 delegates from most of the northern colonies and representatives from the Six Iroquois
Nations met in Albany, New York. There they adopted a “plan of union” drafted by Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania. Under this plan each colonial legislature would elect delegates to an American
continental assembly presided over by a royal governor. This “Albany Plan of Union” was designed
to help unit the American colonists in their fight against the French, in the French and Indian War. The
colonial delegates found however, the colonists were not ready for union, nor were the colonial assemblies ready to give up their recent and hard-won control over local affairs to a central government.
That would not happen until well after the American settlements had declared their independence.
The following cartoon was created by Benjamin Franklin and shared during his presentation of the Albany Plan. It is thought to be the first “American” cartoon.
Visuals (what are the images?)
1. List the objects and/or people you see in
the cartoon.
2. Which of the objects on your list are symbols?
3. What does each of the symbols
represent?
Words (not all cartoons contain words)
4. Identify the cartoon caption and/or title.
5. Locate the words or phrases used by the cartoonist to identify the objects or people within the
cartoon. Write them.
6. Which of the words or phrases in the cartoon appear to be the most significant? Why do you
think so?
7. What action is taking place in the cartoon? Describe it.
8. Explain how the words in the cartoon help clarify the symbols.
9. Explain the message of the cartoon in complete thought.
9. Describe the Albany Plan of Union.
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Historic Action
Parent-Child Analogy
Questions
Who do the “troublesome friends” represent?
Navigation Acts
French &
Indian War
Your parents are concerned that you are
hanging out with troublesome older
friends. They tell you to stay away and
avoid these friends.
Do you continue to hang out with them?
You start to play in a really cool tree
house near your backyard with your
troublesome friends. Your friends tell
you that the tree house belongs to them,
but your Dad disagrees. He says that it
lies within your family’s property and
belongs to your family. Your friends disagree and begin to pick on you every time
you try to enter the tree house. One day
your dad sees this and kicks all your troublesome friends out of the tree house.
Why did the British want the colonists to
only trade with them?
What does the tree house represent?
What did the British gain in the French &
Indian Wars?
Why did the colonists want to go west?
Proclamation
Act of 1763
Your parents banish you from the tree
house. They tell you to stay out of the
tree house so as to avoid all future
problems with your troublesome
friends.
Do you stay out?
Why was the proclamation ineffective?
How did the colonists react to the stamp act?
Stamp Act
Your parents take away your allowance
so they can build a big fence to keep all
your troublesome friends out of the
tree house. How do you respond to
this?
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Why were the colonists so angered by
the stamp act?
What do the video games and cell phone
represent?
Townshend Acts
Your parents agree to give you your allowance back. But just to show you
who’s the boss, they tell you that you will
have to start paying money to play your
video games and use your cell phone.
How do you respond?
What type of goods did the Townshend
Acts tax?
How did the colonists react to the Townshend Acts?
Tea Act
Intolerable Acts
Lexington
& Conord
Your parents tell you that you can play
video games again, but you can only play
games that your parents select. The game
that your parents have selected is called
“Rock Band: Justin Bieber”
How do you respond?
You destroyed your family’s copy of “Rock
Band: Justin Bieber.” Your mom freaks
out. It was her favorite game. She banishes you to your room, takes away your
allowance and cell phone. She also disables the internet connection so you have
no way of communicating with your
friends. You are no longer allowed to
leave the house under any circumstances
until the game is repaid for. You must
also apologize to your parents and prove
your commitment to the family by singing all of Justin Bieber’s songs out loud in
the front yard.
How do you respond?
Your parents discover that you have hidden an iPod touch and a cell phone in
your closet. They heard you tapping out
a text and playing an iPod game one
night. Your sister tells you that she heard
your parents whispering they are going
to sneak into your room early in the
morning and take your last prize possessions.
How do you respond?
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What does the Justin Beiber game represent?
How did the colonists react to the Tea Act?
Why did the British pass the Intolerable
Acts?
Describe each piece of the Intolerable
Acts:
How did the colonists respond to the Acts?
What do the IPod and hidden cell phone
represent?
Who does your sister represent?
How did the colonists react to the
events of Lexington & Concord?
EVENT
SIGNIFICANCE
Navigation Acts
1650s
French and Indian
War
Proclamation of
1763
The Sugar Act
1764
Quartering Act
1765
Stamp Act
1765
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BRITISH VIEWPOINT: What
was the King thinking?
EVENT
BRITISH VIEWPOINT: What
was the King thinking?
SIGNIFICANCE
Townshend Acts
1767
Boston Massacre
1770
Tea Act & Boston
Tea Party
1773
Intolerable Acts
1774
First Continental
Congress
1774
Lexington &
Concord
1774
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AuthorPlace/timePrior KnowledgeAudienceReasonThe Main IdeaSignificance-
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Revolution People Matching
Directions: For each per son, wr ite the letter of the descr iption that matches
in the box to the left.
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People of the Revolution Bracket
Directions: Choose 16 people from your notes. Rank them from 1-16. Then, write their name next to their number.
For each pairing, decide who is more significant. Justify your answer for each decision.
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Crash Course Video Questions
Causes of the American Revolution
1. What treaty ended the seven years war (French and Indian War)?
2. Why were the colonist upset over the sugar act?
3. What did the stamp act tax?
4. What is a boycott?
5. What date was the Boston Massacre?
6. What lawyer defended the redcoats after the Boston Massacre?
7. What did the colonist dress up as during the Boston Tea Party?
8. What did the quartering act do?
9. What does John Green call the “first government of America”?
10. What are the first battles of the American Revolution?
11. What pamphlet was written by Thomas Paine?
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Declaration of Independence
IN CONGRESS, July 4, 1776.
The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America,
When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which
have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station
to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men ar e cr eated equal, that they ar e endowed by their
Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That
to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of
the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of
the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying ... The history of the present King of
Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an
absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world.
He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.
He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance…
He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people
would relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature,…
He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the
rights of the people.
He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of
their salaries.
He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harrass our people, and eat
out their substance.
He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures.
For Quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:
For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States:
For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world:
For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent:
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Declaration of Independence
For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury:
For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offences
For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws, and altering fundamentally the Forms of our
Governments:
For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases
whatsoever.
He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us.
He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people.
He is at this time transporting large Armies of foreign Mercenaries to compleat the works of death, desolation and
tyranny...
He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands.
In ever y stage of these Oppr essions We have Petitioned for Redr ess in the most humble ter ms: Our r epeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince whose character is thus marked by every act
which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.
Nor have We been wanting in attentions to our Br ittish br ethr en. We have war ned them fr om time to time
of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us...They too have been deaf to the
voice of justice…
We, ther efor e, the Repr esentatives of the united States of America, in Gener al Congr ess, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of
the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right
ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that
all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that
as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish
Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do. And for the support of
this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our
Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor.
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Instructions: In the
margins, write a brief
explanation of the
meaning behind each
Too Late to Apologize: The Declaration
By
TJ and The Revo
Halfway across the globe
And we’re standing on new ground
Screaming ‘cross the waves
You can’t hear a sound
There’s no fair trials, no trade, no liberties
No tea
We’ve colonized America; we won’t stand for tyranny,
Oh king
And it’s too late to apologize
It’s too late
I said it’s too late to apologize
It’s too late
We’ve paid your foolish tax, read the acts
And they just won’t do
We want to make it clear, we believe this much is true
All me were created with certain
Unalienable rights
Among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit
Of happiness
And it’s too late to apologize
It’s too late
I said it’s too late to apologize
It’s too late
And it’s too late to apologize
It’s too late
I said it’s too late to apologize
It’s too late
I said it’s too late to apologize, yeah
It’s too late
I said it’s too late to apologize, yeah
Halfway across
22 the globe
And we’re standing on new ground
Excerpt from the Declaration of Independence
What the Excerpt Means
Excerpt 1: “When in the course of human events it
becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the
political bands which have connected them with
another and to assume, among the powers of the
earth, the separate and equal station to which the
laws of nature and of nature’s God entitle them, a
decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires
that they should declare the causes which impel
them to the separation.”
Excerpt 2: “We hold these truths to be selfevident, that all men are created equal; that they
are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty,
and the pursuit of happiness.”
Excerpt 3: “[T]o secure these [basic] rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their
just powers from the consent of the governed….”
Excerpt 4: “[T]hat whenever any form of government becomes destructive [in protecting rights and
responding to the people], it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it, and to institute a new government…”
Excerpt 5: “The history of the present King of
Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and
usurpations, all having, in direct object, the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these
States.”
Excerpt 6: “To prove [that England has interfered
with colonial rights], let the facts be submitted to a
candid world: He has refused to assent to laws the
most wholesome and necessary for the public
good.”
Excerpt 7: “In every state of these oppressions,
we have petitioned for redress in the most humble
terms; our repeated petitions have been answered
only by repeated injury. A prince whose character
is thus marked by every act which may define a
tyrant is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.”
Excerpt 8: “We, therefore…solemnly publish and
declare, that these united colonies are, and of
right ought to be, free and independent states…”
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Directions: Answer the following questions in complete sentences.
1. Explain the role Thomas Jefferson played in declaring independence from England.
2. In general, why was the Declaration of Independence written?
3. Define unalienable rights and give examples of these rights?
4. According to the document, why do the colonists have the right to declare independence?
5. How do you think the King and Parliament felt when they read this? What do you
think their response was?
6. What risks did the colonists take by writing this?
7. From whose point of view was the Declaration of Independence written?
8. What colonial actions were omitted, or not mentioned, in this document? Why did
the colonists choose to omit some colonial actions in the document?
9. What was the purpose of the Declaration of Independence? Why is July 4, 1776 still
significant today?
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Patriots
Loyalists
Read the statement. Do you think the individual is a LOYALIST or a PATRIOT?
Write a L for Loyalist or a P for Patriot on the line next to the individual’s name.
_______ Patrick Henry – I said the famous quote, “Give me Liberty or Give me Death”
_______ George Washington – I am the commander of the Continental army and am loved by
the colonists.
_______ William Franklin – I am the son of Benjamin Franklin and was commissioned by
King George III to be the Royal Governor of New Jersey. I hated my father and
never spoke to him again after the Revolution.
_______ Thomas Jefferson – I wrote the Declaration of Independence.
_______ John Adams – I am considered the “Father of Independence”.
_______ Joseph Brant – I am the leader of the Mohawks and strongly oppose the greedy
colonists.
_______ Samuel Adams – I was the leader of the Sons of Liberty and strongly opposed
British Taxation
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In-Class
Historical
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Watch the video and answer the questions.
1. What evidence does the video provide that Adams struggled to get the colonies to rebel?
2. How would you characterize Adams’ personality ?
3. What are some of Adams’ strengths?
4. What are some of Adams’ weaknesses?
5. John Adams is known as the Father of Independence. After watching this
video, do you agree with this title? Why or Why not?
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American Revolution
_____________ Vs. _____________
3)
1)
Significance:
Significance:
2)
4)
Significance:
Significance:
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AMERICAN REVOLUTION
BATTLE STATIONS – PRE-AP
STATION #1: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Read and follow the instructions on the station sign.
DISADVANTAGES
BRITISH
COLONISTS
ADVANTAGES
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STATION #2: LEXINGTON & CONCORD
Go to this link: http://goo.gl/Yrt1IB; Read the instructions on the station sign.
1. Who rode with Paul Revere to warn the colonists of the British? (two additional riders)
2. What year did these battles occur?
3. How many militia men eventually showed up to fight the British?
4. What is the significance of the Battles at Concord and Lexington?
STATION #3: THE TURNING POINT
Read and follow the instructions on the station sign.
Video Questions
1. When was the Battle of Saratoga?
2. What country sent soldiers to help the British?
3. What is a turning point? (you may search this phrase if needed)
4. Why is the Battle of Saratoga considered the turning point of the American Revolution?
Visual Analysis Questions
5.What do you think is happening in this painting?
6. What seems unusual about the actions of the British? Of the Patriots?
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Directions: Create an acronym for SARATOGA. Write a word for phrase for each
letter to explain the battle and the significance of the turning point in the war. The
first one is done for you.
SARATOGA32
STATION #4: VALLEY FORGE
Read and follow the instructions on the station sign.
Video Questions
1. What year did the soldiers camp at Valley Forge?
2. What did General Washington hope to achieve at Valley Forge?
3. What challenges did the soldiers at Valley Forge face?
Document Questions
4. Who wrote this document?
5. What is this document’s date?
6. What is the purpose of this document?
STATION #5: YORKTOWN
Read and follow the instructions on the station sign.
1.What year was the Battle of Yorktown?
2. What role did the French play in the battle?
3. What was the name of the French General that helped the Patriots?
4. What was the significance of the Battle of Yorktown?
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STATION #6: TREATY OF PARIS & MAP OF THE UNITED STATES
Read and follow the instructions on the station sign.
1. Write the terms of the Treaty of Paris 1783 on your paper.
2. Color and Label these Rivers:
Mississippi River
Ohio River
3. Color and label the United States of
America
4. Color and label British territory
5. Color and Label Spanish territory
United States
Britain
Spain
Provisions of the Treaty of Paris, 1783
Great Britain….
1.____________________________________________
2.____________________________________________
3.____________________________________________
The United States…
4.___________________________________________
5.____________________________________________
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STATION #7 Revolution Battle Gram
American Revolution
Battle-gram
Put yourself in the shoes of an American
soldier during the Revolution. What would
you see at one of the events we just
learned about?
If Instagram existed back then, think about what
you would see. You are going to create an Instagram…
Username- reflecting the point of view from
someone at the even
Picture- attempt to capture the emotion of the
event
Caption- demonstrates the significance of the
event
You will be graded based on the following rubric:
___/10 – Event Title
____/10 – Creative, appropriate username- reflecting point view
____/30 – Picture is factually correct
____/50 – Creative, appropriate caption that demonstrates the significance of the event
____/100 - Final Grade
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THE CLASH OF ARMS
Conflicting Versions of the Outbreak (1775)
British troops from Boston, seeking secret military stores and presumably rebel leaders, clashed with colonials at Lexington and then Concord on April 19, 1775, in the first bloodshed of the American Revolution. Among the numerous
conflicting accounts that exist, these two excerpts, representing an America version and an official British version are
noteworthy. To this day scholars have not proved who fired the first shot. What undisputed and what probably facts
emerge from these accounts? How can historians extract truth from conflicting contemporary testimony?
AMERICAN VERSION
BRITISH VERSION
At Lexington… A company of militia mustered
near the meeting house. The (British) troops came
in sight of them just before sunrise; and running
with a few rods of them, the Commanding Officer
(Pitcairn) accosted the militia in words to this effect: “Disperse, you rebels—damn you, throw
down your arms and disperse”; upon which the
troops huzzaed, and immediately one or two officers discharged their pistols, which were instantaneously followed by the firing of four or five of
the soldiers, and then there seemed to be a general
discharge from the whole body. Eight of our men
were killed and nine wounded…
…...Six companies of (British) light infantry…
At Lexington found a body of the country people under arms, on a green close to the road.
And upon the King’s troops marching up to
them, in order to inquire the reason of their being so assembled, they went off in great confusion. And several guns were fired upon the
King’s troops from behind a stone wall, and also
from the meeting house and her houses, by
which one man was wounded, and Major Pitcairn’s horse shot in two places. In consequence
of this attack by the rebels, the troops returned
the fire and killed several of them…
In Lexington (the British)… also set fire to several
other houses...They pillaged almost every house
they passed… But the savage barbarity exercised
upon the bodies of our unfortunate brethren who
fell is almost incredible. Not contented with
shooting down the unarmed, aged, and infirm,
they disregarded the cries of the wounded, killing
them without mercy, and mangling their bodies in
the most shocking manner.
On the return of the troops from Concord, they
(the rebels)… began to fire upon them from behind stone walls and houses, and kept up in that
manner a scattering fire during the whole of
their march of fifteen miles, by which means
several were killed and wounded. And such
was the cruelty and barbarity of the rebels that
they scalped and cut off the ears of some of the
wounded men who fell into their hands.
Gaining Perspective
With a partner, read the introduction and each version of the battles of Lexington and Concord
above. After reading, complete the steps below.
1. Underline any words that made this reading hard to understand. In the margins, write what you think
the word might mean.
2. Define PERSPECTIVE:
3. Circle key words or phrases in each version that demonstrate the American and British perspective.
4. Using text evidence, write a complete statement taking sides with either the American or British
Perspective, in the space below. W ho do you think fired the first shot?
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