COMPLETE
NOTES
Formulas for
Acids & Bases
Ch. 9
ACID
___________________________ - compound that contains one or more hydrogen atoms
hydrogen ions
water
and produces _______________________________
when dissolved in _______________
Sulfuric
_________________________
acid is often used to etch circuit boards
2
Acids consist of:
Anion - ion formed when electrons are gained ( negative charge )
1. ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Combined with
As many hydrogen ions as needed to make the compound electrically neutral;
2. ________________________________________________________________________
( these ions will have a positive charge )
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3
The chemical formula of acids will generally look like this:
H X
n
__________________________________
monatomic or polyatomic anion
The X is a _________________________________________________________________
number of hydrogen ions that are combined
and the n subscript indicates the _____________________________________________
with the anion
__________________________________________________________________________
4
H nX
Naming Acids
When the name of the anion ends in –ide, the acid begins with the prefix hydro - .
1. ________________________________________________________________________
The stem of the anion has the suffix –ic and is followed by the word acid.
________________________________________________________________________
Example: HCl ( X = chloride ) is names hydrochloric acid.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5
H nX
Naming Acids
When the name of the anion ends in –ite, the acid name is the stem of the anion
2. ________________________________________________________________________
with the suffix –ous, followed by the word acid
________________________________________________________________________
Example: H2SO3 ( X = sulfite ) is names sulfurous acid.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
6
H nX
Naming Acids
When the name of the anion ends in –ate, the acid name is the stem of the anion
3. ________________________________________________________________________
with the suffix –ic, followed by the word acid
________________________________________________________________________
Example: HNO3 ( X = nitrate ) is names nitric acid.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
7
8
BASE
___________________________ - ionic compound that produces hydroxide ions when
dissolved in water
Aluminum hydroxide
_________________________________
- a base that contains an aluminum cation (Al3+)
and the hydroxide anion (OH-)
Al(OH)3
The formulas for Aluminum hydroxide is _______________________________________
Sodium hydroxide
_________________________________
- a base that contains a Sodium cation (Na+) and
a hydroxide anion (OH-)
9
10
11