BapJw
ae-bmf IYm-km-ln-Xy-cw-K¯v Hcp kphÀW-bp-K-¯nsâ {kjvSm-¡-fnsem-cm-fmbn Adn-b-s¸-Sp¶ ssh¡w apl-½Zv _joÀ Xsâ ka-Im-en-I-cmb
Fgp-¯p-Im-cnÂ\n¶pw
thdn-«p-\n¡p¶
hyàn-Xz-¯n-\p-S-a-bm-bn-cp-¶p.
XIgn, tIi-h-tZ-hv, s]m³Ip¶w hÀ¡n F¶n-h-cpsS IY-I-fn-se¶t]mse
{]I-S-amb cmjv{So-bm-`n-ap-Jytam {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-Xm-Xv]cytam ImWp-I-bnÃ
_joÀ¡-Y-I-fnÂ. Fkv. sI. s]msä-¡m-Sn-s\-t¸mse Imev]-\n-I-kp-µ-c-amb
IY-IÄ c-Nn-¡p-¶-Xnepw At±-l-¯n\p XmXv]-cy-ap-­m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. ]ptcm-K-a-\km-ln-Xy-{]-Øm-\-¯nsâ Bi-b-§Ä kPo-h-am-bn-cp¶ A¶s¯ kmln-Xym´-co-£-¯n CXc Fgp-¯p-Im-scÃmw kmaq-ln-I-X-bp-sS Xe-¯nÂ\n¶psIm­v bYm-XYamb Pohn-Xs¯ Bhn-jvI-cn-¡m³ {ian-¨-t¸mÄ _joÀ
am{Xw Xsâ DÅn-te-¡p t\m¡n Xs¶-¯s¶ tI{µ-am¡n IY-IÄ cNn-¨p.
Cu Bß-]-c-X-b-mWv _jo-dns\ hyXy-kvX-\m-¡p¶ kwK-Xn-sb¶p \nco-£n¡-s¸-«n-«p-s­-¦nepw AXnsâ Imc-Wa-t\z-jn-¡p¶ ]T-\-§Ä Gsd D­m-bn«n-Ã.
hmb-\-¡mÀ¡v GsX-¦nepw Xc-¯n D]-Im-c-s¸-SWw F¶ Dd¨
t_m[y-t¯msS Fgp-Xn-bn-cp¶ _jo-dnsâ cN-\-IÄ kaq-tlm-·p-J-am-bn-cp-¶p
F¶ Imcy-¯n XÀ¡-an-Ã. F¶mÂ, F´pw X¶n-eqsS ImWp-Ibpw Xsâ
IY-bmbn ]d-bpIbpw At±-l-¯nsâ coXn-bm-bn-cp-¶p.
GsX-¦n-ep-samcp
IÅn-bn HXp-¡m³ Ign-bm¯ hn[-¯n _lp-ap-J-am-bncp¶p _jo-dnsâ
{]Xn-`. kwL-S-\-I-fp-sSbpw {]Øm-\-§-fp-sSbpw e£-W-§Ä¡p ]pd-¯mbn-cp¶p F¶pw At±-l-¯nsâ Øm\w. Cu Bß-]-c-X-bp-sSbpw CX-c-I-YmIm-c-·m-cnÂ\n¶pw sh«n-¯n-cnªpÅ \ne-bp-sSbpw Imc-W-a-t\z-jn-¡p-t¼mÄ
sNs¶¯pI _jo-dnsâ kq^n-th-cp-I-fn-em-Wv. ssZhn-I-amb Imcp-Wy-t¯mSp-IqSn Npäp-]m-Sns\ ho£n-¡p-Ibpw
AXn-km-[m-c-W-amb kµ-À`§-fnÂ
\n¶pt]mepw IY-IÄ sa\-bp-Ibpw sNbvX At±-l-¯n ap¶n«v \n¶n-cp¶Xv skan-änIv IYm-I-Y-\-]m-c-¼-cy-am-Wv. CX-c -a-e-bmf IYm-Ir-¯p-¡fnÂ\n¶pw hyXy-kvX-ambn _jo-dnsâ IY-I-fn ssZh-¯nsâ \nXm´
km¶n[yw A\p-`-hn-¡m³ Ign-bpw. kq^n-k-¯nsâ ASn-Øm-\-amb GI-XzZ-À-i-\-¯nsâ {]tbm-K-amWv At±-l-¯nsâ IrXn-I-fn ImWp¶ Bß-]-c-XbpsS tlXp-sh¶v kq£va-Zr-¡p-IÄ¡v a\-Ên-em-¡m³ {]bm-k-an-Ã.
Pohn-Xhpw kmln-Xy-hpw X½n-epÅ AIew Gä-hpw Ipd-¨ Fgp-¯p-Imcn-sem-cm-fmWv _joÀ. timIw A´À²m-c-bm-bn-cn-s¡-¯s¶ Akm-[m-cWamwhn[w {]km-Zm-ß-I-am-bn-cp-¶p At±-l-¯nsâ cN-\-IÄ.
PohnXw
\ncÀY-Ihpw \njv^-e-hp-am-sW¶v tXm¶n-t¸m-Ip¶ Hcp Ime-L-«-¯n-emWv
_jo-dnsâ (1908-þ1994) Pohn-X-¯nsâ \Ã-`m-Khpw Ign-ªp-t]m-b-Xv. H¶pw
c­pw temI-a-lm-bp-²-Im-e-§-fn _meyhpw buh-\-hpw. CS-bv¡pÅ almam-µy-Im-e¯v (1929-þ40) tZim-´-c-k-©m-cw. Xncn-s¨¯n cmjv{So-b-{]-hÀ¯-\¯n-teÀs¸-«-Xn-\m PbnÂhmkw. C´ym-hn-`-P-\hpw XpSÀ¶p-­mb KmÔnh-[-hpw-þ-A-§s\ Pohn-X-amsI CcpÄ \nd-bv¡m³t]m¶ Imcy-§-fp-­m-bn-cps¶-¦n-epw, timIhpw GIm-In-Xbpw Xsâ kl-P-{]-Ir-X-§fm-bn-cp-¶n«pw
AXn-s\-sbms¡ AXn-hÀ¯n-¡p¶ {]km-Zm-ß-IX Xsâ IrXn-I-fn \ndbv¡m\pw Xsâ Npäpw IqSp-¶-hsc kt´m-jn-¸n-¡m\pw _jo-dn\p km[n-¨n-cp¶Xv Xsâ kl-P-amb \Àa-t_m[w sIm­m-bn-cp-¶p. AXm-Is« \nÊw-K\mb Hcp kq^n-bpsS Nncn-bm-bn-cp-¶p.
1
_jo-dnsâ hyàn-k-¯-bpsS `mK-am-bn-cp-¶ ]e-L-S-I-§fpw þ G-ImInX, hnjm-Zw, kzmX-{´y-t_m-[w, ipNn-Xz-t_m-[w, \Àa-t_m-[w, arXyp-t_m[w, GI-Xz-ZÀi-\w, kl-Po-hn-kvt\-lw, {]IrXnt{]aw, kwKoX{]W-bw,
k©m-c-{]n-bw, D·m-Zw, \·-bn-ep-Å hnizm-kw, Pohn-X-em-fnXyw XpS-§n-b-hþ
kq^n-k-¯nsâ IqSn khn-ti-j-XIfm-Wv. B \nebv¡v kq^n-k-¯nsâ
I®n-eqsS _joÀIrXn-Isf ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-¶Xv Ahsb Gähpw Bg-¯nÂ
a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-]-I-cn-¡pw.
]T-\-e£yw
ssh¡w apl-½Zv _jo-dnsâ Pohn-X-¯nepw kmln-Xy-¯nepw
kq^nkw sNep-¯nb kzm[o-\X hne-bn-cp-¯p-Ibpw _joÀkmln-Xys¯
\nÀan-¡p-¶-Xn kq^n-k-¯nsâ ]¦v AS-bm-f-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw sN¿p-I-bmWv
]T-\-e-£yw.
]T-\-¯nsâ {]kàn
_jo-dn-s\-¡p-dn¨v ae-bm-f-¯n \nc-h[n ]T-\-§-fp-­m-bn-«p-­v. hnhn[-kÀh-I-em-im-e-I-fn-embn ]nF¨v.Un. {]_-Ô-§Ä Xs¶ Bsd®w h¶n«p­v. Fw.^nÂ. {]_-Ô-§Ä thsd-bpw. _jo-dn-s\-¡p-dn¨v {]kn-²o-I-cn-¡s¸« ]pkvX-I-§Ä A¼-Xn-e-[nIw hcpw. ]t£ Ch-bn-sem¶pw _joÀ
IrXn-I-fnse kq^n-k-s¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ ka-{K-]T\§-fn-Ã. _jo-dnsâ Iebpw
ZÀi-\hpw (1) F¶ t]cn Fw. Pam-ep-±o³Ipªv {]kn-²o-I-cn¨ Kth-j-W-{]Ô-¯nÂt]mepw kq^n-k-s¯-¡p-dn¨v bmsXm¶pw ]cm-aÀin-¡p-¶n-Ã. aäpKth-j-W-{]-_-Ô-§-fnepw kq^n-sb¶ \nebv¡v _jo-dns\ hne-bn-cp¯m\pÅ {ia-§Ä D­m-bn-«n-Ã.
kmaq-ln-I-X-bpsS hyXn-cn-àX _joÀ
(2)
IrXn-I-fn F¶ sI.-sI. kpsse-J-bpsS {]_-Ô-am-Is« kq^nkw CÉmanIhncp-²-am-sW¶pw kq^n-bm-bn-cp-¶ Ime¯v At±lw CÉm-am-bn-cp-¶nsöpw BWv hne-bn-cp-¯p-¶-Xv. F³.-hn. apl-½Zv dm^n-bpsS ]cn-Øn-Xn
km¶n²yw _joÀ IrXn-I-fnÂ(3)F¶ {]_Ôw kq^n-sb¶ \ne-bn _jodns\ a\-Ên-em-¡p-Ibpw _joÀIrXn-I-fnse kq^nkw hni-Z-]-T\w AÀln¡p¶ taJ-e-bm-sW¶p Xncn-¨-dn-bpIbpw sNbvXn-«p-­v. ae-bm--f-¯n {]kn²o-I-cn-¡-s¸« teJ-\-§-fn Fw.-F³. Imc-tÈ-cn, Fw.F. dlvam³ F¶n-hcpsS teJ-\-§Ä {]tXy-I-{i-²-bÀln-¡p-¶p.
Fw.F³. Imc-tÈcn 1994
Pqsse 17þ\v amXr-`qan hmcm-´-¸-Xn-¸n Fgp-Xnb kq^n-bpsS Imev]m-Sp-IÄ
F¶ teJ-\hpw AtX-hÀjw BK-kvXn sshZy-ikv{Xw kq^n-]-Xn-¸nÂ
Fgp-Xnb H¶nsâ ZÀi\w F¶ teJ-\hpw Fw. F. dlvam³ 2008-þ {]kn²o-I-cn¨ _joÀþ k\ym-kw, hn¹-hw, PohnXw (4) F¶ teJ-\hpw kq^nsb¶ \ne-bn _jo-dn-s\-¡p-dn¨p ]Tn-¡m³ \S-¯nb anI¨ ]cn-{i-a-§-fmWv. ]t£ Ah ka-{K-am-sW¶p ]d-bm-\m-hn-Ã.
_joÀ Hcp kq^n-bm-sW¶v \nc-h[n Fgp-¯p-ImÀ A`n-{]m-b-s¸-«n«p­v. ]t£ Ah tIh-e-amb Hcp {]kvXm-h-\-sb-¶-Xn-\-¸pdw AXn-s\-¡pdn¨v \nÈ-_vZ-X- ]m-en-¡p-¶p. Bjm-ta-t\msâ Jnbm-ansâ lZo-kp-IÄ
(2009)(5) F¶ teJ-\hpw _jo-dnsâ Ieþ {]`m-h-§Ä; A`m-h-§Ä (2010) (6)
F¶ teJ-\hpw _jo-dnse kq^nsb hni-I-e\w sN¿m³ {ian-¡p-¶p-­v.
F¶m Chbpw _jo-dnse kq^n-L-S-I-§sf B[n-Im-cn-I-ambn NÀ¨ sN¿p¶n-Ã.
_jo-dns\ Gähpw Bg-¯n a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶-Xn\v At±-l-¯nsâ
Pohn-X-s¯bpw IrXn-I-sfbpw kq^n-k-¯nsâ shfn-¨-¯n ka-{K-ambn hne-
2
bn-cp-t¯-­-Xm-h-iy-am-Wv.
_jo-dnsâ anÌn-knkw CXp-hsc ]Tn-¡-s¸-«n-«nÃm-¯Xpw AXy´w ]T-\-tbm-Ky-hp-amb Hcp hnj-b-am-Wv. _jo-dnse GIhc-Wob {]tabw AXmWv F¶p t]mepw ]d-bmw(7) F¶ kpIp-amÀ Agot¡m-Snsâ \nco-£Ww {][m-\-am-Wv. _jo-dns\ icn-bmbn a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶Xn\v Cu ]T\w Gähpw {]k-à-am-sW¶p Npcp-¡w.
]T-\-coXn
kzm[o-\-Xm-]-T\w kwkvIm-c-]-T-\-¯nsâ `mK-am-Wv. kq^nkw F¶Xv
khn-tij-amb Hcp Bßo-bkwkvIm-c-am-Wv. ae-bm-f-¯n A¡m-Z-an-I-]-T-\§Ä \S-¶n-«n-Ãm¯ Hcp taJ-e-bmWv kq^n-kw. Bb-Xn-\m kq^n-k¯nsâ {]am-W-{K-Ù-§fpw kq^n-km-ln-Xy-Ir-Xn-Ifpw B[m-c-am¡n kq^n-k¯n-sâ khn-ti-j-X-IÄ Is­-¯p-Ibpw Ah-bpsS shfn¨¯n _jo-dnsâ
Pohn-X-s¯bpw kmln-Xy-s¯bpw hni-I-e\w sN¿p-IbpamWv {]_-Ô-¯nÂ
kzoI-cn¨ ]T-\-co-Xn.
tIc-f-¯nse kq^n-k-s¯-¡p-dn¨v aebm-f-¯nÂ
A¡m-Z-an-I-]-T-\-§Ä \S-¶n-«n-Ã. hn. Ipªm-en-bpsS kq^nkw C³ tIc-f(8)
(Sufism in Kerla) F¶ Cw¥ojv {KÙw am{X-amWv C¯-c-¯n e`y-amb
GIIrXn. 2004-þ {]kn-²o-I-cn-¡-s¸« Cu ]pkvXIw AXn\pw c­p ]Xnäm­v ap¼v Fgp-X-s¸-«-Xm-Wv.
Imem-\p-kr-X-ambn hnh-c-§Ä ]pXp-¡m³
{KÙ-IÀ¯mhv {ian-¨n-«n-Ã. Bb-Xn-\m tIc-f-¯n Ct¸mÄ \ne-hn-epÅ
apgp-h³ kq^n{]Øm-\-§-sf-¡p-dn-¨p-apÅ hnh-c-§Äv Cu {KÙ-¯n-enÃ.
hni-Zamb ]T\w AÀln-¡p¶ taJ-e-bm-Wn-Xv. tIc-f-¯n Ct¸mÄ kPo-hamb \Jvi-_-µn-¿m, NnkvXn¿m, ZkqJn¿m XpS-§nb Xzco-J-¯p-I-sf-¡p-dn¨v
AXXv Xzco-J-¯p-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb Bth-Z-I-cnÂ\n¶pw t\cn«p tiJ-cn¨ hnhc-§-fm-Wv {]_-Ô-¯n-ep-Å-Xv.
Ah-bn¯s¶ \Jvi-_-µn¿m Xzco-J¯ns\ Hcp amXr-I-bm-sb-Sp¯v hni-Z-ambn ]Tn-¨n-«p-­v. CX-c- Xz-co-J-¯p-Isf-¡p-dn¨v eLp-hn-h-c-W-§-fmWv \ÂIn-bn-«p-Å-Xv.
]T-\-hym]vXn
_joÀIrXn-IÄ s]mXp-hn ]T-\-¯n-\p-]-tbm-Kn-¨n-«p-­v. âp¸p¸mþ
s¡mcm-t\-­mÀ¶p F¶ t\mhepw `qan-bpsS Ah-Im-in-IÄ, tX·mhv, ]gw,
A\Âl-Jv, GIm-´-X-bpsS alm-Xo-cw, A\ÀL-\n-an-jw, AÚm-X-amb
`mhn-bn-te¡v XpS-§nb IY-Ifpw HmÀa-bpsS Ad-IÄ F¶ Bß-I-Ybpw
hnti-j-ambn ]Tn-¨n-«p-­v. _joÀ Fgp-Xnb I¯p-IÄ, hnhn[ hyàn-IÄ
_jo-dp-ambn \S-¯nb A`n-ap-J-§Ä, _jo-dnsâ Poh-N-cn-{X-{K-Ù-§Ä F¶nhbpw ]T-\-¯n\v D]-I-cn-¨p. _joÀIrXn-I-fnÂ\n¶pÅ D²-c-Wn-IÄ¡mbn
B{i-bn-¨Xv 2001 \hw-_-dn Un.-kn.- _pIvkv {]kn-²o-I-cn¨ _joÀ
k¼qÀW-Ir-Xn-I-fpsS A©mw ]Xn-¸m-Wv.
kq^n-k-s¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ hnh-c-§Ä¡v B³tacn jn½Â, hneyw kn.
Nnän-¡v, k¿nZv A¯mÀ Aºmkv dnkvhn, ssiJv lpPvhocn, ssiJv
kplvdhÀZn, k¿nZv lpssk³ \kvÀ F¶n-h-cp-sS {KÙ-§-fmWv {][m-\ambpw Ah-ew-_n-¨n-«p-Å-Xv.
JpÀ-B-\nÂ\n¶pÅ D²-c-Wn-IÄ¡p-th­n
{]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«p-Å-Xv 1999þ kmln-Xy-{]-hÀ¯-I-k-l-I-c-W-kwLw
{]kn-²o-I-cn¨ kn.-F³. AlvaZvau-e-hn bpsS ]cn-ip² JpÀ-B³ F¶ ]cn`mjm-Ir-Xn-bpsS Bdmw ]Xn-¸m-Wv.
3
{]_-Ô-L-S\
{]_-Ôs¯ A©v A[ym-b-§-fmbn hn`-Pn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. kq^nkw
F¶ H¶m-a-[ym-b-¯n kq^nkw F¶m F´v F¶ At\z-j-W-amWp \S¯p-¶-Xv. kq^n-]-Z-¯nsâ \njv]-¯n-sb-¡p-dn¨pw kq^n-k-¯nsâ \nÀh-N-\§-sf-¡p-dn¨pw khn-ti-j-X-I-sf-¡p-dn¨pw Cu A[ym-b-¯n hni-Z-am-¡n-bn«p­v. kq^n-k-¯nsâ Ncn-{Xw, {]kn-²-cmb BZy-Im-e-kq-^n-IÄ, kq^n
ssk²m-´n-I-·mÀ, kq^n-km-ln-Xyw, {]ap-J-cmb kq^n-km-ln-Xy-Im-c-·mÀ
F¶n-h-sb-¡p-dn¨pw Cu A[ym-b-¯n NÀ¨ sN¿p-¶p-­v.
tIc-f-¯nse kq^nks¯¡p-dn-¨mWv c­m-a-[ym-bw.
tIc-f-¯nÂ
CÉm-ansâ BK-a-\w, kq^n-k-¯nsâ Bcw-`w, hnhn-[- Xz-co-J¯p {]Øm-\§-fpsS {]hÀ¯-\w-, tIc-f-¯n Pohn-¨n-cp¶ {]kn-²-cmb kq^n-]-Þn-X·mÀ, tIc-f-¯n kPo-h-amb {][m-\-Xz-co-J-¯p-IÄ F¶n-h-sb-¡p-dn¨v Cu
A[ym-b-¯n {]Xn-]m-Zn-¡p-¶p.
kq^n-k-¯nsâ kzm[o\w ae-bm-f-km-ln-Xy-¯n F¶-XmWv aq¶m-a[ym-bw. Ad-_n-a-e-bm-f-¯n cNn-¡-s¸« kq^n-Ir-Xn-I-fmb aplvbn±o³ ame,
\qÂaZvlv, I¸-¸m«v, \qÂam-e, cn^m-Cu-am-e, \^o-k¯vame, k^-e-am-e,
C¨-a-kvXmsâ hncp-¯-§Ä XpS-§nb IrXn-I-sf-¡p-dn¨v Cu A[ym-b-¯nÂ
hni-Z-ambn NÀ¨-sN-¿p-¶p. Pn. i¦-c-¡p-dp-¸v, BÀ. cma-N-{µ³, am[-hn-¡p«n
F¶n-h-cpsS Ihn-X-I-fnse kq^nkzm[o-\-s¯-¡p-dn¨v Cu A[ymbw ]cn-tim[n-¡p-¶p-­v. kq^n-k-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v ae-bm-f-¯n D­m-bn-«p-Å -Ir-XnIsf kz´-{´-Ir-Xn-IÄ, hnhÀ¯-\-§Ä F¶ c­p- hn-`m-K-ambn ]Tn-¨n-«p-­v.
Ah-sb-¯s¶ ho­pw kÀKm-ß-IIr-Xn-IÄ, ]T-\-§Ä F¶p hn`-Pn-¨n-cn¡p¶p.
kq^nkw _jo-dnsâ Pohn-X-¯n F¶ \mem-a-[ym-b-¯n _jodnsâ Pohn-Xs¯ \nÀW-bn-¡p-¶-Xn kq^nkw hln¨ ]¦n-s\-¡p-dn-¨mWv
At\z-jn-¡p-¶-Xv. IpSpw-_-]-Ým-¯-ew, ]mc-¼-cyw, Pohn-X-km-l-N-cy-§Ä,
bm{X-IÄ F¶nh _jo-dns\ \nÀan-¨-sX-§-s\-sb¶pw _joÀ Pohn-X-¯nÂ
]peÀ¯n-bn-cp¶ kq^n-aq-ey-§Ä Fs´m-¡-bm-bn-cp-¶p-sh¶pw Cu A[ymbw
NÀ¨-sN-¿p-¶p.
kq^n-k-¯nsâ khn-ti-j-X-IÄ _joÀIr-Xn-I-fn F§s\ IS-¶p-hcp-¶p-sh¶ Btem-N-\-bmWv kq^nkw _joÀ kmln-Xy-¯n F¶ A©ma-[ymb-¯n \S-¯p-¶-Xv.
GI-Xz-ZÀi-\w, {]Wbw, {]IrXnkvt\lhpw
kl-Pohn {]W-bhpw, ]qÀW-X-bv¡p-th-­n-bpÅ ]cn-{i-aw, Imcp-Wyw, \njvIf-¦-X, ssZh-kva-c-W, GIm-´-X, hnjm-Zw, emfn-Xyw, BßobZmcn-{Zyw,
kwKoX-t{]-aw, arXyp-t_m-[w, \·-bn-epÅ hnizm-kw, aXm-Xo-X-am-\-hn-IX
XpS-§nb kq^n-k-hn-ti-j-X-IÄ _joÀIr-Xn-I-fn F§s\ Bhn-jvIr-X-amIp¶p F¶v ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-¶p. _joÀIrXnIfpsS {]ta-bw, `mj, BJym-\coXn F¶n-h-bnse kq^n kzm[o-\-s¯bpw Btem-N-\m-hn-j-b-am-¡p-¶p-­v.
A©v A[ym-b-§-fn-embn \S-¯nb ]T-\-¯nÂ\n¶pw Dcp-¯n-cnª
\nK-a-\-§Ä D]-kw-lm-c-¯n t{ImUo-I-cn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p.
4
_joÀ kq^nkw kw_-Ô-ambn cNn-¨n-«p-ÅXpw k¼qÀW-Ir-Xn-I-fnÂ
DÄs¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«n-Ãm-¯-Xp-amb ^coZp-±o³A¯mÀ: AÛp-X-I-c-amb k\ymkw
F¶ teJ-\hpw _jo-dnsâ eLp-Po-h-N-cn-{X-¡p-dn¸pw _joÀIrXn-I-fpsS
]«n-I-bpw A\p-_-Ô-ambn \ÂIn-bn-«p-­v. kq^nkw kw_-Ô-amb kmt¦-XnI-]-Z-kq-Nn A\p-_-Ô-¯n-\p-tijw DÄs¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p¶p.
5
Ipdn-¸p-IÄ
1.
Fw. Pam-ep-±o³ Ipªv, "ssh¡w apl-½Zv _jo-dnsâ ZÀi-\hpw
Iebpw: IrXn-Isf B[m-c-am¡n Hcp ]T-\w,' (]nF-¨v.Un {]_-Ôw),
Imen-¡äv kÀh-I-em-ime, 1991.
2.
sI.sI. kpsse-J, "kmaq-ln-I-X-bpsS hyXn-cn-àX _joÀ IrXn-IfnÂ' (]nF-¨v.Un. {]_-Ôw), almßmKmÔn kÀh-I-em-im-e, 2006.
3.
apl-½Zv dm^n, F³.-hn., "]cn-Øn-Xn-km-¶n[yw _joÀ IrXn-IfnÂ'(]nF-¨v.Un. {]_-Ôw), almßmKmÔn kÀh-I-em-im-e, 2010.
4.
Fw.F. dlvam³, _joÀ `q]-S-§Ä, tImgn-t¡mSv: _p¡vt]mbnâv
]»n-t¡-j³kv, 2009, ]p.32-þ47.
5.
Bjm-ta-t\m³, "Jnbm-ansâ lZo-kp-IÄ', \qdv _joÀ, Aw_n-Im-kpX³ am§mSv (F-Un.), Imª-§mSv: kmln-Xy-thZn s\lvdp BÀSvkv&
kb³kv tImtf-Pv, 2009, ]p.31-þ35.
6.
Bjm-ta-t\m³, "_jo-dnsâ Ieþ {]`m-h-§Ä; A`m-h-§Ä', ssh¡w
apl-½Zv _joÀ: ZmÀi-\n-I-\mb kmln-Xy-Im-c³, ]n.sI ]md-¡-Shv
(F-Un.), Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw: tIc-f-`m-jm-C³Ìn-äyq-«v, 2010, ]p. 85-þ94.
7.
kpIp-amÀ Ago-t¡m-Sv, `mc-Xo-bhpw kmln-Xo-b-hpw, Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw:
tIc-f-`mjm C³Ìn-äyq-«v, 2010, ]p, 233-þ247.
8.
V. Kunhali, Sufism in Kerala, Publication Division, University of
Calicut, 2004.
6