Maulik Patel
HCC-Computer Hardware
2860889
Contents
1.
Explain why the base 2 number system is of special relevance in Computer Science. .................. 1
2. Draw a diagram of a transistor. Explain why the transistor was key to the proliferation of
computers and computing devices. ........................................................................................................ 2
3. Outline four generations of computer hardware. What is the key thing that characterizes the
generations of hardware?....................................................................................................................... 2
4. Draw a diagram of a two input AND gate together with the corresponding truth table. With the
help of a schematic diagram, show how AND might be implemented using discrete transistors. ........ 2
5. Draw a diagram of a two input OR gate together with the corresponding truth table. With the
help of a schematic diagram, show how OR might be implemented using discrete transistors ........... 3
6. With the help of supporting diagrams, differentiate clearly between analog and digital signals.
Explain how noise (interference) impacts the signal in each case. ........................................................ 4
7.
Convert to binary: ........................................................................................................................... 5
8.
Convert to hexadecimal: ................................................................................................................. 5
9.
Convert to decimal:......................................................................................................................... 6
10.
Convert the following octal numbers to decimal: ...................................................................... 7
Reference Book ....................................................................................................................................... 7
1. Explain why the base 2 number system is of special relevance in
Computer Science.
Answer:
Computers use base 2 or binary number system because binary number system uses the
numbers zero and one to calculate and computer only understand zero and one numerical
value. Binary number system have two electric circuits. On and off are the two eclectic
circuits used in the operation of a computer system.
Assignment 01
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Maulik Patel
HCC-Computer Hardware
2860889
2. Draw a diagram of a transistor. Explain why the transistor was key
to the proliferation of computers and computing devices.
Answer:
Circuit Diagram
Transistor Symbol
Transistor are semiconductor device which can be used as switches to turn off and on an
electric signal. A transistor is a silicon device with 3 leads, emitter, collector, and base.
Transistor also works as a signal amplifier in electric circuit.
3. Outline four generations of computer hardware. What is the key
thing that characterizes the generations of hardware?
Answer:
The fourth generation computers were built after 1971. The fourth generation computers were
the extension of third generation technology. The fourth generation computers emerged with
development of the VLSI(Very Large Scale Integration). The computers were designed by
using microprocessor. The fourth generation computers have microprocessor based system
and its very fast. The speed ,accuracy of the computers were improved in fourth generation
computers. The fourth generation are the cheapest compare to all computer generation.
Networking between the system was developed. IBM 4341 is one of the best example of
fourth generation computers.
4. Draw a diagram of a two input AND gate together with the
corresponding truth table. With the help of a schematic diagram,
show how AND might be implemented using discrete transistors.
Answer:
Assignment 01
Page 2 of 7
Maulik Patel
HCC-Computer Hardware
2860889
Truth Table :
Two Input AND Gate:
Input A
Output
Input B
A
B
Output
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
5. Draw a diagram of a two input OR gate together with the
corresponding truth table. With the help of a schematic diagram,
show how OR might be implemented using discrete transistors
Answer:
Two Input OR Gate:
Truth Table:
Input A
A
0
0
1
1
Input B
Assignment 01
Output
B
0
1
0
1
Output
0
1
1
1
Page 3 of 7
Maulik Patel
HCC-Computer Hardware
2860889
6. With the help of supporting diagrams, differentiate clearly between
analog and digital signals. Explain how noise (interference)
impacts the signal in each case.
Answer:
Analog Signal:
Analog signals are the usual simple signals which can be observed in a normal human voice
or the wind in the ambient conditions. Analog signals can be literally called a wave. These
signals are what the nature has given humans. The way the water hits the rocks, the manner in
which sand moves in the ocean, the essence which defines how bright the sunlight is and
several natural factors are one or the other form of analog signals. In commercial
applications, analog signal is found in audio and video applications. Being specific into
audio, analog signals are what that is released from the speaker or the headphones. Analog
signals are used in transmission when the data is required to be sent at smaller distances.
Digital Signal:
Digital signals are a processed form of analog signals, purely synthetic, which has been
created for electronics and communications purposes. These signals are a requirement of
transmitting information in a simple ON and OFF format. Digital signals are made using
converters and signal levelers that convert an analog signal to a digital one. Creation of
digital signals is an expensive task and is only carried out when information has to be sending
to longer distance or the data is quite significant that it cannot be lost. In the field of
communications, digital signals are used in cellular communications, internet networking.
The high data exchange modes such as 3G, Bluetooth etc. are a result of digital
communications. In the field of electronics, digital signals are used in creating new codes for
computer and mobile circuitry.
Assignment 01
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Maulik Patel
HCC-Computer Hardware
2860889
7. Convert to binary:
a) E A 4
1110 1010 0100
b) 3 F
0011 1111
8. Convert to hexadecimal:
a) 11001101
Answer: CD
1100 1101
1101
1100
= (1*20) + (0*21) +(1*22 ) + (1*23)
= (0*20) +( 0*21) + (1*22) + (1*23)
=1+0+4+8
=0+0+4+8
= 13 = D
= 12 = C
b) 101101011010
Answer: B5A
1010 0101 1011
1010
=(0*20) + (1*21) + (0*22) + (1*23)
=0 + 2 + 0 + 8
= 10 = A
Assignment 01
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Maulik Patel
HCC-Computer Hardware
2860889
0101
=(1*20) + (0*21) + (1*22) + (0*23)
=1 + 0 +4 + 0
=5
1011
=(1*20) + (1*21) + (0*22) + (1*23)
=1+2 + 0 + 8
=11 = B
9. Convert to decimal:
a) 1011 1100
Answer: 188d
=(0*20) + (0*21) + (1*22) + (1*23) + (1*24) + (1*25) + (0*26) + (1*27)
=0 + 0 + 4 + 8 + 16 + 32 + 0 + 128
=188d
b) 0010 1101
Answer: 45d
= (1*20) + (0*21) + (1*22) + (1*23) + (0*24) + (1*25) + (0*26) + (0*27)
= 1 + 0 +4 + 8 + 0 + 32 + 0 + 0
= 45d
Assignment 01
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Maulik Patel
10.
HCC-Computer Hardware
2860889
Convert the following octal numbers to decimal:
a) 172o
Answer: 122d
= (2*80) + (7*81) + (1*82)
=(2*1) + (7*8) + (1*64)
=2 + 56 + 64
=122d
b) 154o
Answer: 44d
= (4*80) + (5*81) + (1*82)
=(4*1) + (5*8) + (1*64)
= 4 + 40
=44d
Reference Book
Book Name
Structured Computer Organization (Fifth Edition)
Andrew S . Tanenbum
Assignment 01
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