Grade 11
Unit 4
LANGUAGE ARTS 1104
WHY STUDY READING?
CONTENTS
I.
II.
III.
IV.
USING PREFIXES AND ROOTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Greek Prefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Latin Prefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Greek Roots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Latin Roots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
FINDING WORD MEANINGS AND
PRONUNCIATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using Context Clues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marking Pronunciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Diacritical Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
FINDING THE MAIN IDEA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finding Key Words In a Sentence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finding Key Ideas in a Paragraph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finding a Key Sentence in a Paragraph . . . . . . . . . .
ANALYZING A TEXTBOOK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Skeleton of a Textbook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Outline of a Textbook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Author:
Editor:
Illustrator:
2
2
4
6
11
16
17
22
22
25
26
27
29
31
32
34
Victor J. Kelly, M.A.
Alan Christopherson, M.S.
Alpha Omega Graphics
804 N. 2nd Ave. E., Rock Rapids, IA 51246-1759
© MM by Alpha Omega Publications, Inc. All rights reserved.
LIFEPAC is a registered trademark of Alpha Omega Publications, Inc.
All trademarks and/or service marks referenced in this material are the property of their respective owners. Alpha Omega Publications, Inc.
makes no claim of ownership to any trademarks and/or service marks other than their own and their affiliates’, and makes no claim of affiliation to any companies whose trademarks may be listed in this material, other than their own.
WHY STUDY READING?
God gave mankind the gifts of speaking, listening, and reading so that every person could communicate
with every other person and with God Himself. Reading is different from both speaking and listening
because it gives people of today the opportunity to communicate with people who lived many hundreds of
years ago. Learning to read better will enable you to understand more easily and quickly the things that
the Holy Spirit wishes to reveal to believers. God has chosen the Holy Bible as the primary means for
revealing His will.
This LIFEPAC® will help you to read more accurately and to understand more specifically all of the
things you read, including the Scriptures. Better yet, you will be able to read many unfamiliar words more
accurately without having to stop as often to use a dictionary. The skills you practice in this LIFEPAC will
enable you to better understand God, yourself, and the people around you. You will have a better understanding of God because you will recognize and understand more words in the Scriptures. You will understand yourself better by being able to read what others have written about experiences held in common by
all human beings. You will understand others better by being able to interpret intelligently the meanings
of words which still might be unfamiliar to you.
In this LIFEPAC you will study both Greek and Latin prefixes and roots. By knowing the meanings of these word parts, you will be able to understand the meaning of unfamiliar words formed
from these word parts. You will find word meanings and pronunciation hints by using context clues
or by using the dictionary. By finding main ideas in sentences and paragraphs, you will learn to
study more effectively. Finally, by analyzing the structure and elements of a textbook, you will be
able to find information more efficiently.
OBJECTIVES
Read these objectives. The objectives tell you what you will be able to do when you have successfully completed this LIFEPAC.
When you have completed this LIFEPAC, you should be able to:
1. Recognize commonly encountered Greek and Latin prefixes and roots.
2. Determine more accurately the meanings of words containing Greek and Latin prefixes
and roots.
3. Demonstrate an improved vocabulary in your schoolwork.
4. Show an improvement in your word deciphering skills.
5. Identify and use a variety of context clues in interpreting unfamiliar words encountered
while listening or reading.
6. Pronounce words accurately in standard English.
7. Demonstrate the ability to decide correctly when to use a dictionary to aid pronunciation
and when to use context clues for a working definition to aid reading.
8. Extract the most important information from a paragraph through the use of key words
and details.
9. Locate the most important sentence in a paragraph.
10. Identify the levels of importance of main ideas and supportive details in textbooks by
noticing various sizes and styles of print.
Survey the LIFEPAC. Ask yourself some questions about this study. Write your questions here.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
1
I. USING PREFIXES AND ROOTS
The English language contains elements borrowed from many different languages. Many words are
formed from only a few basic word elements. In this section you will study both Greek and Latin prefixes.
These prefixes, or word parts, are added to the front of a word to modify, or change, its basic meaning.
When you learn how to bolt a word together with prefix and root, you will be able to read more rapidly and knowledgeably. You will seldom have to interrupt someone to ask the meaning of an unfamiliar
word. You will refer to a dictionary less frequently. You will not be embarrassed because you cannot understand the words a person might use.
SECTION OBJECTIVES
Review these objectives. When you have completed this section, you should be able to:
1. Recognize commonly encountered Greek and Latin prefixes and roots.
2. Determine more accurately the meanings of words containing Greek and Latin prefixes
and roots.
3. Demonstrate an increased vocabulary in your schoolwork.
4. Show an improvement in your vocabulary deciphering skills.
GREEK PREFIXES
The Greeks, fascinated by the sky, the earth, man, and God, developed an insatiable
curiosity about all creation. Many hundreds of years before the birth of Christ, the Greeks
discovered, named, and developed explanations for the stars and planets, the seasons, night
and day, the physical laws, the human anatomy and physiology, and the supernatural.
Because they were accurate observers of particular things, the Greeks developed precise
and specific statements dealing with ideas of position, size, and scope. The Greek language
thus contained few vague words.
The following chart contains some frequently encountered Greek prefixes. These prefixes appear repeatedly in general reading as well as in specific subject matter. As you
become familiar with these prefixes, you will become able to decipher the meanings of unfamiliar words containing these prefixes. The following prefixes have been listed in related
pairs to help you to recall them later.
When You See
It Means
The Opposite Prefix Is
It Means
ec-
out of
en-
into
ex-, exo-
out from
em-, endo-
within
epi-
upon
hypo-
under, underneath
poly-
many
mono-
one
syl-
with
anti-
against
sym-, syn-
together
a-, an-, apo-
away from
Not all Greek prefixes have opposite equivalents in English. Notice the following list.
aamphicatadiaeu-
not
both
down
through
good
metapanparaperipro2
across
all
beside
around
before
➨
Complete the following activities.
1.1
Most Greek prefixes seem to act as what part of speech? ________________________
1.2
Make flash cards by following these directions:
• Cut 2 1/2 x 3 inch rectangles from tag board or from construction paper, using green, red, and
yellow paper.
• Write the Greek prefixes from the first column on the red cards.
• Write the opposite Greek prefix on the green cards.
• Write the prefixes having no opposite counterpart on the yellow cards.
• Write the English translation of each prefix on the reverse side of each card.
a. How many of the sixteen prefixes can you identify? If you missed more than three, drill for
another five minutes.
b. Now, how many can you identify? ________________________
Adult check ___________________
Initial
1.3
Date
Write some words from your own vocabulary that are formed from the prefixes you have just studied. Try to use as many different prefixes as possible.
a. _________________________________________
i. _______________________________________
b. _________________________________________
j. _______________________________________
c. _________________________________________
k. _______________________________________
d. _________________________________________
l. _______________________________________
e. _________________________________________ m. _______________________________________
f. _________________________________________
n. _______________________________________
g. _________________________________________
o. _______________________________________
h. _________________________________________
p. _______________________________________
The following list of twenty-one words is often found on precollege tests.
➨
Write in Column A the prefix used in the word on the left. In Column B write the meaning of the prefix. Refer to a dictionary as needed.
A
B
1.4
apathetic
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.5
apostasy
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.6
analgesic
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.7
ecstasy
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.8
expulsion
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.9
exorcise
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.10
epidermis
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.11
embolism
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.12
endophyte
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.13
prognosis
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.14
catastrophe
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.15
antipathy
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
3
1.16
hyperbole
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.17
hypochondria
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.18
monogamy
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.19
polygon
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.20
syllogism
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.21
symposium
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.22
synthesis
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.23
euphoria
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.24
pantheism
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
LATIN PREFIXES
Latin was the language used by the early Roman people. The Romans conquered the
Greeks and most of the tribes and nations of Eastern Europe, Western Europe, and
Northern Africa. For many centuries Latin influence was reflected in language, law,
trade, social customs, philosophy, and religion. During the more than five hundred years
of Roman rule, laws were developed, language was stabilized, nations were subjugated,
literature was produced, and foreign cultures were absorbed into a sprawling system
that stretched from England to Egypt and from Carthage to just outside of
Constantinople. Maintaining a vast population of slaves who were captured in battle
and who brought in new influences, Rome borrowed the ideas, the skills, the crafts, the
style of dress, and even the gods that she found useful.
As a result of these influences, the Latin language developed a wide scope of words
and word elements expressing ideas dealing with every area of life. Some of the elements survive in English today in prefix form. How many prefixes can you recognize in
the following list?
When You See
It Means
The Opposite Prefix Is
It Means
ad-
toward, to
contra-, dis
opposite, against
bene-
good
mal-
bad
co-, com-, con-
with, together
ab-, di-
away, apart from, two
em-
into
e-, ex-, ef-
out of, away
magn-
great
mini-
small
neo-
new
sen-
old
pre-, pro-, ante-
before, in front of
post-
after
super
above
sub-
under
Not all Latin prefixes have opposite equivalents in English. Study the following list.
circumextra-
around
beyond, outside of
inirinter-
not
into, not
between
4
perresemitransultraun-
through
back again
half
across
beyond
not
➨
Complete these activities.
1.25
Make flash cards in the same manner as you made them for the Greek prefixes. Drill in the same
manner as before.
a. How many Latin prefixes can you recall? __________
If you missed more than five, drill for another five minutes.
b. Now how many can you recall? __________
Adult check ___________________
Initial
1.26
1.27
Date
List words containing Latin prefixes from your own vocabulary. Use a prefix no more than twice.
a. _____________________________
j. _____________________________
s. _____________________________
b. _____________________________
k. _____________________________
t. _____________________________
c. _____________________________
l. _____________________________
u. _____________________________
d. _____________________________ m. _____________________________
v. _____________________________
e. _____________________________
n. _____________________________
w. _____________________________
f. _____________________________
o. _____________________________
x. _____________________________
g. _____________________________
p. _____________________________
y. _____________________________
h. _____________________________
q. _____________________________
z. _____________________________
i. _____________________________
r. _____________________________ aa. _____________________________
Give the English meaning for each of the following Latin prefixes which do not necessarily have
opposites.
a. circum-
________________________________
d. inter-
________________________________
b. extra-
________________________________
e. ir-
________________________________
c. in-
________________________________
f. per-
________________________________
The following list contains thirty-six words often found on precollege tests. Most of
the words contain Latin prefixes. A few of the words contain Greek prefixes. Read
through the list then follow the directions for analyzing these words.
➨
Write in Column A the prefix used in the word on the left. In Column B write the meaning of the prefix. Refer to a dictionary as needed.
A.
B.
1.28
aberration
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.29
adhere
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.30
antediluvian
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.31
benign
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.32
circumlocution
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.33
coalesce
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.34
commodious
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.35
conciliate
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.36
contravene
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.37
diaphanous
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
5
1.38
dichotomy
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.39
discordant
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.40
efface
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.41
elucidate
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.42
emissary
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.43
euphemism
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.44
explicate
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.45
extrasensory
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.46
hypertension
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.47
incarnate
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.48
innocuous
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.49
irreconcilable
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.50
magnanimous
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.51
malapropism
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.52
metamorphose
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.53
minimize
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.54
perceive
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.55
posterity
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.56
precocious
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.57
procrastinate
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.58
restitution
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.59
semiannual
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.60
subcutaneous
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.61
supercilious
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
1.62
symposium
a. _________________________
b. ____________________________________________
GREEK ROOTS
So far you have mastered half of the minimum word attack skills in this LIFEPAC dealing with word elements. That is, you have become familiar with some commonly used Greek
and Latin prefixes. The root of a word, however, carries the burden of the meaning. The
remainder of this section will deal with your mastery of common Greek and Latin roots.
The root of a word, as you recall, is a type of base word on which other words are built.
The root for the words usual, unusual, and usually, is usual. The root for the words likely,
likeness, unlike, and unlikely is like.
The English language uses many words formed from Greek and Latin roots. Identifying
a foreign root can be difficult for a person who has not studied any foreign languages. A
simple explanation of the way Greek and Latin roots are determined may lead to a better
understanding of both the root and the English word based on the root. Greek roots are
usually presented in English in shortened form; that is, the inflectional ending from the
nominative case of the noun is removed.
6
Examples:
Nominative Case
demos (people)
pollis (city)
astros (star)
patria (family)
cosmos (world)
-
Ending
s
s
s
a
s
=
=
=
=
=
=
Root
demopoliastropatricosmo-
When a root is listed without its inflectional ending (a word ending that marks change
in meaning by varying the spelling), a hyphen must be used to indicate the omission of the
ending. Notice the preceding list of roots.
In some cases the root does not drop an ending, and the English root is the same as its
Greek form.
Example:
geo (earth) = geo-
Each area of study or specialization has its own vocabulary. To understand the basic
ideas or concepts of a particular subject, a student must familiarize himself with its vocabulary.
Greek roots in history. The
Greeks pioneered a government of
direct rule by the citizens of its citystates. Their term for that system of
government was democracy, a curious
word combined from the root demos,
meaning people, and the word crasis,
meaning rule, (literally people rule).
The Greek roots shown at the right
appear frequently in history books.
➨
Write ten words from your own history vocabulary which use these roots. If you need to
do so, you may use your history book. Use each root no more than twice.
1.63
a.
__________________________________________
f. ______________________________________________
b.
__________________________________________
g. ______________________________________________
c.
__________________________________________
h. ______________________________________________
d.
__________________________________________
i. ______________________________________________
e.
__________________________________________
j. ______________________________________________
Greek roots in physical science and mathematics. Fascinated with the world around them, the
Greeks attempted to discover the universal laws by
which it operated. Men like the philosopher, Plato,
and the geometrician, Euclid, developed systems of
thought and of space relationships that ordered and
unified ideas and matter. Aristotle and other philosophers looked closely at the individual things around
them. They believed that if they could see relationships between specific things, they could understand
more of the importance of all things. Those Greeks
who decided to follow Aristotle’s thinking had to learn
to observe closely. This close observation led to the
type of precise terminology used today in mathematics and science courses. The roots in the list at the
right are commonly used in school texts.
7
The English language uses other Greek roots in addition to those listed. The roots you
have studied, however, will provide you with a basic core of knowledge to use when you
encounter new words in the sciences.
➨
Complete this activity.
1.64
In the following spaces write twenty words from your own mathematics-science vocabulary which
make use of the roots taught above. Use each root no more than twice.
a. ______________________________________________
k. ____________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________
l. ____________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________ m. ____________________________________________
d. ______________________________________________
n. ____________________________________________
e. ______________________________________________
o. ____________________________________________
f. ______________________________________________
p. ____________________________________________
g. ______________________________________________
q. ____________________________________________
h. ______________________________________________
r. ____________________________________________
i. ______________________________________________
s. ____________________________________________
j. ______________________________________________
t. ____________________________________________
Greek roots in biology. Since the Greeks were eager investigators of all mysteries,
they studied all forms of life: human, animal, and plant. Study the following list of Greek
roots.
8
Greek roots in Scripture and religion. A knowledge of Greek roots is helpful in the
study of Scripture and religion. The Greek roots in the following list are often heard in sermons or in discussions of Scripture. These same roots are read in commentaries on
Scripture, in English translations of Scripture, and in religious literature. Study these
Greek roots carefully.
➨
List twenty words that use the preceding roots.
1.65
Use each root no more than twice.
a. _____________________________
h. _____________________________
o. _____________________________
b. _____________________________
i. _____________________________
p. _____________________________
c. _____________________________
j. _____________________________
q. _____________________________
d. _____________________________
k. _____________________________
r. _____________________________
e. _____________________________
l. _____________________________
s. _____________________________
f. _____________________________ m. _____________________________
t. _____________________________
g. _____________________________
n. _____________________________
9
➨
Complete this activity.
1.66
In the following spaces supply six words from your own vocabulary making use of the preceding
roots. Use each root only once
a. ______________________________________________
d. ____________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________
e. ____________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________
f. ____________________________________________
Greek roots in general vocabulary. Greek roots are found in many English words
used to name or to describe. The prefixes and roots help solve problems in reading. They
must be fixed firmly in mind before they are needed. This knowledge of prefixes and roots
makes deciphering unfamiliar words much easier. Study the following list of roots.
Root
autocosmocrypto-graph
gam-, gamoheterohomolithomega-
Meaning
self
world
secret
writing
marriage
different
same
stone
great
Root
mis-, misonomo-nomy
orthopetrophil- philo-phobia
phone-, phonosoph-
Meaning
hate, hatred
name
science
straight
rock
love
fear
sound
wisdom
➨
Complete these activities.
1.67
Think of words formed from roots contained in the preceding list. Write them in the following
spaces.
a. _____________________________
h. _____________________________
o. _____________________________
b. _____________________________
i. _____________________________
p. _____________________________
c. _____________________________
j. _____________________________
q. _____________________________
d. _____________________________
k. _____________________________
r. _____________________________
e. _____________________________
l. _____________________________
s. _____________________________
f. _____________________________ m. _____________________________
t. _____________________________
g. _____________________________
1.68
n. _____________________________
Make a set of white flash cards for Greek roots in each of the subject areas. Drill for five minutes
with a classmate or a teacher.
a. How many of the Greek roots and meanings can you identify? __________
If you missed twelve or more, drill for another five minutes.
b. How many can you identify now? __________
10
LATIN ROOTS
Words with Latin roots are found in most subject areas as well as in the general
vocabulary of English. Unlike Greek roots, Latin roots cover a much wider scope of
human activity and far outnumber the Greek roots used in the English language.
Latin roots are also usually shortened forms of words. Some Latin roots are taken
from Latin nouns; some, from Latin verbs. Two noun forms are often given, the nominative singular or the genitive singular with the inflectional ending removed.
Examples
Nominative
Singular
=
Root
Genitive
Singular
–
Ending = Root
light
lux
lux
lucis
is
luc
heart
cor
cor
cordis
is
cord
cross
crux
crux
crucis
is
crus-
law
jus
jus
juris
is
jur-
When the root is formed from a Latin verb, the infinitive form, minus the ending, is
used.
Examples
Infinitive
Ending
=
Root
to lead
ducere
ere
duc
to say, to tell
dicere
ere
dic
Many words using Latin roots appear frequently in special subject areas. A root that
appears frequently in one subject area may also appear in other areas. This arrangement of roots according to subject area is simply a convenient learning device.
Latin roots commonly encountered in history. Many of the Latin roots are
found in words describing legal institutions.
Root
Meaning
Root
Meaning
dic-
to say, to tell
judex, judicjus, jur-
law, justice
domin-
to rule
migr-
to wander
domus, dom-
house
stat-
to stand, to place
➨
Write ten words from your own vocabulary that use these roots.
1.69
a. _________________________________________
f. _______________________________________
b. _________________________________________
g. _______________________________________
c. _________________________________________
h. _______________________________________
d. _________________________________________
i. _______________________________________
e. _________________________________________
j. _______________________________________
Latin roots in the sciences. Latin roots are often found in the sciences. The word
science is based on a Latin root sciens, scien- meaning knowledge. Latin was the language
of learning for many centuries. In the early development of the physical sciences during
the Renaissance, Latin was the language used for classifying and naming. This system
was retained. Latin names for plants, animals, and elements are still used in most of the
11
sciences. Because the sciences have used Latin for so long, many English words are based
on Latin roots.
Root
Meaning
Root
Meaning
aqua, aqucor, cordlux, lucnucleus, nucle-
water
heart
light
center
sciens, scienterra, terrversus, vers-,
vert-
knowledge
land
turn, to turn
➨
Write ten words from your own vocabulary that use these roots.
1.70
a. ______________________________________________
e. ____________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________
f. ____________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________
g. ____________________________________________
d. ______________________________________________
h. ____________________________________________
Latin roots in religion. Since Latin was the language of politics, law, and religion for
many centuries, many Latin roots are also found in words having to do with religion.
Root
Meaning
Root
Meaning
cantcar, carcredcrux, crucdeus, dei
to sing
flesh
to believe
cross
God
fides, fidsanctus, sanctscribscripto, scripti-
faith, trust
holy
to write
writing
➨
Use each of the preceding roots in a word from your own vocabulary.
1.71
a. ______________________________________________
e. ____________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________
f. ____________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________
g. ____________________________________________
d. ______________________________________________
h. ____________________________________________
➨
Complete this activity.
1.72
Make flash cards for each of the items in the special subject-area vocabulary lists. Drill until you
can recognize and recite the reverse side of the cards for nine out of ten roots. When you can do
that, proceed to the next segment.
Adult check ___________________
Initial
Date
12
Latin roots in general vocabulary. English is rich in Latin derivatives. Latin was
the dominant language for hundreds of years and had a lasting effect on the entire English
language. Study the following list of Latin roots. They appear in many of the words used
every day in the course of normal communication.
Latin Root
Meaning
Latin Root
Meaning
acutus, acu-
sharp
mitt-, miss-
to send
act, fac-
make, do
locutio, locut-
say, talk
aequ-
to equal
pax, pac-
peace
alternus, altern-
other, change
pater, patr-
father
ambul-
to walk
plac-
to please
amor, amor-
love
placatio, placat-
calm
annus, ann-
year
plic-
to fold
aud-, auditus,
audit-
port-
to carry
to hear hearing
ruptus, rupt-
break (out)
cap-
to take, to capture
sequ-
to follow
caput, cap-
head
solus, sol-
alone
claud-
to close
spect-
to watch
clausula, clausul-
end
cogn-
to know
strictus, stric-,
string-
tight, to tighten
duc-, duct-
to lead
tortus, tort-
twist
fract-
to break (apart)
ven-
to come
gradus, grad-,
gressus, gress-
vid-, vis-
to see, to look at
step, measure
viv-
to live
manus, man-
hand
vox, voc-
call
mater, matr-
mother
➨
Write the correct letter in the blank. Match the meaning for the Latin root to each of the
following words.
1.73
____________
acute
1.74
____________
auditory
1.75
____________
ambulatory
1.76
____________
sequence
1.77
____________
fracture
1.78
____________
vocal
1.79
____________
portable
1.80
____________
paternal
1.81
____________
missile
1.82
____________
pacifist
1.83
____________
convention
1.84
____________
maternal
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
13
peace
carry
calm
break
sharp
mother
hearing
father
follow
call
come
fold
send
walk
alone
➨
Complete this activity.
1.85
Make flash cards for each of the items in the list of Latin roots for general vocabulary. Drill until
you can recite either side of the flash card for nine out of ten roots. Then continue with the next
activity.
Adult check ___________________
Initial
Date
Review the material in this section in preparation for the Self Test. The Self Test will check
your mastery of this particular section. The items missed on this Self Test will indicate specific
areas where restudy is needed for mastery.
SELF TEST 1
Complete the following sentences. Write the correct answer in the blank (each answer, 3 points).
1.01
Many words in the English language contain prefixes and roots coming from the a. ______________
and b. ______________ languages.
1.02
Roman influence through Latin is reflected in modern English words dealing with these areas:
a. ____________________ , b. _____________________ , c. _____________________ , d. ____________________ ,
e. _____________________ , and f. _____________________ .
1.03
The Greek influence occurs mainly in words about a. ___________________ , b. ____________________ ,
c. _____________________ , and d. _____________________ .
Write the letter of the correct meaning for each italicized root in the following words (each
answer, 2 points).
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
arachnid _______
a. rule
c. nobility
b. spider
d. fear
astronomy _______
a. star
c. rule
b. oneself
d. study of
bibliographical _______
a. book
c. life
b. write
d. step
cardiology _______
a. study
c. heart
b. life
d. measure
14
1.08
1.09
ecclesiastical _______
a. secret
c. power
b. world
d. church
eolithic _______
a. skin
c. stone
b. belief
d. nation
1.010 geopolitics _______
a. citizen
c. sound
b. earth
d. species
Match these items (each answer, 2 points).
1.011 ____________
acrid
a. bias, slanted opinion
1.012 ____________
circumvent
b. blood cell
1.013 ____________
consequence
c. come around, avoid
1.014 ____________
deduce
d. come between
1.015 ____________
extort
1.016 ____________
intercede
1.017 ____________
patriarch
1.018 ____________
preclude
1.019 ____________
regressive
1.020 ____________
soliloquy
e. father, ruler
f. following with or after
g. prevent
h. sharp
i. stepping back again
j. take by force
k. talking to oneself
l. trace the course or descent of
m. writing carved in stone
56
Score
70
Adult Check
_______________
___________________
Initial
15
Date