CHICAGO STYLE REFERENCING NOTES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY SYSTEM
What is referencing?
Referencing is a systematic method of acknowledging sources of information and ideas that
you use in assignments, research papers and dissertations etc. Anything that is borrowed
from another source must be referenced, whether from a published or unpublished work.
This includes:



a direct quotation, summary or paraphrase
another author’s idea, concept or theory
a work of art, image, live performance, DVD, etc.
The most important thing to remember when referencing is to use a style consistently
throughout a piece of written work.
What Chicago Notes and Bibliography referencing?
There are many acceptable forms of referencing. Chicago style has the advantage of two
basic documentation systems: (1) notes and bibliography and (2) author-date. Choosing
between the two often depends on subject matter and the nature of sources cited, as each
system is favoured by different groups of scholars. The notes and bibliography system is
preferred by many in the humanities and arts, while the author-date system (closer to
referencing systems such as APA ) is often used by those in the physical, natural, and social
sciences.
The notes and bibliography style presents bibliographic information in notes and, often, a
bibliography. It accommodates a variety of sources, including esoteric ones less appropriate
to the author-date system. Because of its flexibility, it has been chosen as the preferred
method of referencing by the AUT Arts and Design school.
Creating Notes (in text references)- footnotes preferred
Chicago style supports either footnotes (at the bottom of the page) or endnotes
(immediately before the Bibliography) for references. However, footnotes are more
common, as well as being easier to read, as endnotes force the reader to flip to the back to
check every citation. To create a citation and reference using the Chicago Notes system,
1
insert a superscripted (little upper case) number immediately following a quotation or at the
end of a paraphrased section. In Microsoft Word, this can be done by clicking “Insert
Footnote” under the “References” tab.
In the text
As Ropars-Wuilleumier explains, “there is no way to confront painting other than by means
of the point of view that explores it from all sides and causes it to explode.” 1
In the note
1. Marie-Claire Ropars-Wuilleumier, “The Dissimulation of Painting,” in Deconstruction and
the Visual Arts: Art, Media, Architecture, eds. Peter Brunette and David Wills (Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1998), 73.
Shorter note
After you have provided the full information about a source in the first note, subsequent
notes need to include only the author’s last name, shortened title (if more than four
letters) of the work, and any relevant page numbers.
2. Ropars-Wuilleumier, “Dissimulation”, 75.
Use of “Ibid”
The abbreviation “Ibid.” (a short form of ibidem, “in the same place”) can be used when a
note references the identical single source cited in the previous note:
3. Rebecca Herisson, Music Theory in Seventeenth-Century England (New York: Oxford
University Press, 2000), 146.
4. Ibid., 223.
If the reference is to the exact same page as the previous note:
5. Ibid.
Multiple references
Even if more than one reference is being cited at a single location in the text, use a single
note reference. In the note, separate the citations with semi-colons and place them in the
same order as the text material to which they refer:
6. Werner Müller, Collecting Spatial Data: Optimum Design of Experiments for Random
Fields, third rev. ed. (Berlin: Springer, 2007), 146; Gary K. Browning, Plato and Hegel: Two
Modes of Philosophizing about Politics (New York: Garland, 1991), 87.
2
Creating a Bibliography (end of text referencing)
Why a Bibliography as well as notes?
Papers that use the notes-bibliography citation style typically include both notes and a
bibliography listing all sources cited in the notes. Although the same information appears in
both notes and bibliographies, readers need it in both places. Notes let readers quickly
check the source for a particular reference without disrupting the flow of their reading.
Bibliographies show readers the extent of your research and its relationship to prior work.
They also help readers use your sources in their own research.
Bibliography format
A-Z listing for authors: All references are listed in alphabetical order, by last name of
primary author.
Multiple works by same author(s) or editors(s): When you reference more than one work
by an author (or editor) in your paper, list them in order by date, beginning with their
earliest work. For each subsequent reference, a series of six dashes (3-em dash) and full
stop (------.) replaces the author’s name.
Butler, David, and Dennis Kavanah. The British General Election of 1983. London: Macmillan,
1984.
------. The British General Election of 1987. London: Macmillan, 1988.
Important: Which version do I use?
Chicago Manual of Style 16th edition
The Chicago Manual of Style has been revised many times. This hand-out is based on the
latest edition which is The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th edition (on-line and hard copy)
published in 2010:
Chicago Manual of Style (16th edition) On-line – see Chapter 14:
http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org.ezproxy.aut.ac.nz/16/contents.html
Chicago-Style Citation Quick Guide ) On-line:
http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org.ezproxy.aut.ac.nz/tools_citationguide.html
3
Turabian manual
The AUT Arts and Design School also allows the use of a student friendly manual by Kate
Turabian which was published a few years earlier than the 16 th edition:
Turabian, Kate L. A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations. 7th ed.
Revised by Wayne C. Booth, Gregory G. Colomb, and Joseph M. Williams. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 2007. (AUT Library 808.02 TUR).
It is however important to understand that because the Turabian manual was published
prior to the 16th edition, there are some differences between the two.
Main differences between Chicago 16th edition and Turabian
1. Electronic sources - In the 16th edition the access date is placed in the text after year
of publication (or title for website) and before the URL. However, in the Turabian
manual, the access date is placed at the end of the citation, after the URL in both
Notes and Bibliography (i.e. citation 23 in the table below).
2. Audio-visual recordings - In the 16th edition the medium (i.e. DVD) comes at the end
of each citation, whereas in the Turabian manual, it comes after the title (i.e. see
citation 41 in the table below).
3. Government publications - These are formatted slightly differently in each manual.
Turabian’s examples are most relevant to the U.S and U.K. situations and the range
of examples listed can be overwhelming. We suggest you consult 14.303 in The
Chicago Manual of Style, 16th edition, which has some good examples in addition to
those in this hand-out (i.e. citations 31 and 33 in the table below).
4. Art works and live performance –The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th edition does not
include many examples relevant to this medium. We have used the Turabian manual
in this hand-out (see citations 57 to 63 in the table below).
Be consistent!!!
The most important thing when using the Chicago system, is to be consistent in your
referencing style throughout your paper, research report or thesis.
4
The table below contains information on how to reference commonly cited sources. Content is based on advice provided in the Chicago Manual of
Style Online 16th edition, unless we state that information is based on the Turabian manual. Differences between 16th edition and the Turabian
manual are also noted. All comments related to the Turabian manual are in red.
SOURCE
NOTES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ONE AUTHOR
#. Firstname Lastname, Title (Place of Publication: Publisher, year),
page.
Lastname, Firstname. Title. Place of Publication: Publisher, year.
NB Author: Names
should always be
given in the order
and form they
appear on the title
page. Authors may
be individuals or
organisations.
NB Names: For
notes, form is
firstname then
lastname. For
bibliography, form
is last name then
first name.
NB Titles:
Capitalise all the
major words in a
title (except if in a
foreign language).
5
1. Jon Krasner, Motion Graphic Design: Applied History and Aesthetics
(Amsterdam: Focal Press, 2008), 28.
Krasner, Jon. Motion Graphic Design: Applied History and Aesthetics.
Amsterdam: Focal Press, 2008.
2. Krasner, Motion, 30-31.
Chicago style preferred format: Use first line indents for Notes. (In
Microsoft Word, this can be done by highlighting the note/s, right
clicking on “Paragraph”>”Indents and Spacing” tab.”Special” and choose
“First line”, “By” 0.2-0.3cm).
Chicago style preferred format: Use hanging indents for Bibliography. (In
Microsoft Word, this can be done by right clicking on “Paragraph”>”Indents and
Spacing” tab>”Special” and choose “Hanging”, “By” 0.2-0.5cm).
SOURCE
NOTES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
TWO OR THREE
AUTHORS
#. Firstname Lastname and Firstname Lastname (for second and third
author), Title (Place of Publication: Publisher, year), page.
Lastname, Firstname and Firstname Lastname (for second and third author)
Title. Place of Publication: Publication: Publisher, year.
3. Sarah Clarke and Jane Harris, Digital Visions for Fashion + Textiles:
Made in Code (London: Thames and Hudson, 2012), 55-56.
Clarke, Sarah and Jane Harris, Digital Visions for Fashion +Textiles: Made in Code.
London: Thames and Hudson, 2012.
4. Clarke and Harris, Digital Visions, 58.
5. David Hodges, Horace Jackson, and Graham Saleh, Analysis and
Design of Digital Integrated Circuits: In Deep Submicron Technology
(Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2003), 21.
Hodges, David, Horace Jackson, and Graham Saleh. Analysis and Design of Digital
Integrated Circuits: In Deep Submicron Technology. Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher
Education, 2003.
6. Hodges, Jackson and Saleh, Analysis, 23.
MORE THAN
THREE AUTHORS
th
7. Antonette Healey et al., Dictionary of Old English E. 6 ed. (Toronto:
University of Toronto Press, 1996), 16-17.
Healey, Antonette, Joan Holland, David McDougall, Ian McDougall, Nancy Speirs,
th
and Pauline Thompson. Dictionary of Old English E. 6 ed. Toronto: University
of Toronto Press, 1996.
8. Healey et al, Dictionary, 18.
NB: List only the first author in the Notes followed by et al. (“and
others”).
NO AUTHOR
9. Primary Colors: A Novel of Politics (New York: Random House, 1998),
16-17.
NB: Start with title
10. Primary Colors, 2.
6
NB: List all the authors in the Bibliography.
Primary Colors: A Novel of Politics. New York: Random House, 1998.
SOURCE
NOTES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
EDITOR,
TRANSLATOR OR
COMPILER
INSTEAD OF
AUTHOR
11. Hameed Ali and Carlos Brebbia, eds., Digital Architecture and
Construction (New York: Random House, 1998), 88.
Hameed, Ali and Carlos Brebbia., eds. Digital Architecture and Construction. New
York: Random House, 1998.
NB: When no
author appears on
the title page, list
the work by the
name(s) of the
editor (ed.),
compiler (comp.),
or translator
(trans.)
7
12. Hameed and Brebbia, Digital, 86.
SOURCE
NOTES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
EDITIONS OTHER
THAN THE FIRST
NB: For any edition
other than the
first, both the
edition and the
date of that edition
must be included
in a listing.
#. Firstname Lastname, Title, edition information (Place of
Publication: Publisher, year), page.
Lastname, Firstname. Title. Edition information. Place of Publication: Publisher,
year.
13. Douglas W. Rae, The Political Consequences of Electral Laws, rev.
ed. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1971), 22-26.
Rae, Douglas W. The Political Consequences of Electoral Laws. Rev. ed. New
Haven: Yale University Press, 1971.
NB: Use
abbreviations e.g.
“Second Edition”
nd
becomes “2 ed.”
Or “Revised
edition” “rev.ed.”
14. Rae, Political Consequences, 23.
15. Jane Austen, Sense and Sensibility, ed. Claudia Johnson, Norton
Critical Editions (New York: Norton, 2001), 32.
Austen, Jane. Sense and Sensibility. Edited by Claudia Johnson, Norton Critical
Editions. New York: Norton, 2001.
Harper-Dorton, Karen, V., and Martin Herbert. Working with Children,
Adolescents, and Their Families, 3rd ed. Chicago: Lyceum Books, 2002.
16. Austen, Sense and Sensibility, 35.
17. Karen V. Harper-Dorton and Martin Herbert, Working with
Children, Adolescents, and Their Families, 3rd ed. (Chicago: Lyceum
Books, 2002), 43.
18. Harper Dorton and Herbert, Working with Children, 48.
CHAPTER IN AN
EDITED BOOK
19. Mieke Bal, “Light in Painting: Dis-seminating Art History”, in
Deconstruction and the Visual Arts: Art, Media, Architecture, ed. Peter
Brunette and David Wills (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1998), 51.
Bal, Mieke. “Light in Painting: Dis-seminating Art History.” In Deconstruction and
the Visual Arts: Art, Media, Architecture, edited by Peter Brunette and David
Wills, 49-64. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
NB: Include page range of chapter in bibliography only.
20. Mieke, “Light in Painting,” 53.
8
SOURCE
NOTES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
WORK CITED IN
ANOTHER SOURCE
21. Louise Zukofsky, “Sincerity and Objectification,” Poetry 37 (Feb.
1931): 269, quoted in Bonnie Costello, Marianne Moore: Imaginary
Possessions (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982), 78.
Zukofsky, Louis. “Sincerity and Objectification.” Poetry 37 (Feb. 193): 269.
Quoted in Bonnie Costello, Marianne Moore: Imaginary Possessions.
Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1981.
22. Zukofsky, Marianne Moore, 77.
NB: Limit your use
of this method by
finding the original
source if possible.
9
NB: In Bibliography, list both the original and the secondary source.
SOURCE
NOTES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOK PUBLISHED
ELECTRONICALLY
#. Firstname Lastname, Title (Place of publication: publisher, year),
accessed date, URL, page.
#. Firstname Lastname, Title. Place of publication: publisher, year. Accessed
date. URL.
NB: If a book is
available in more
than one format,
cite the version
you used. For
books published
online, list a URL. If
no fixed page
numbers are
available, include a
section title or
chapter.
23. Philip B. Kurland and Ralph Lerner, eds., The Founders’ Constitution
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987), accessed February 28,
2010, http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/, chap. 1, doc. 5.
Kurland, Phillip B., and Ralph Lerner, eds., The Founders’ Constitution. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 1987. Accessed February 28, 2010. http://presspubs.uchicago.edu/founders/.
TURABIAN: In
Turabian manual
access dates are
placed in brackets
at the end of the
URL e.g.
http://www …
(accessed Feb 28,
2010).
10
24. Kurland and Lerner, Founders, chap. 10, doc. 2.
SOURCE
NOTES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
JOURNAL ARTICLE
#. Firstname Lastname, “Article Title,” Journal Title volume, no. #
(date): page.
Lastname, Firstname. “Article Title.” Journal Title volume, no. #. (date): page
range.
25. Chris Fox, “Not Just a Password,” Product Design and Development
67, no. 9 (2012): 38.
Fox, Chris. “Not Just a Password.” Product Design and Development, 67, no. 9
(2012): 38-39.
26. Fox, “Not Just a Password,” 32.
ONLINE JOURNAL
NB: Accessed date
is often considered
unnecessary.
Include a DOI
(Digital Object
Identifier) if the
journal lists one. If
no DOI is available,
list a URL.
TURABIAN: In
Turabian manual
access dates are
placed in brackets
at the end of the
URL e.g.
http://www …
(accessed Oct 19,
2008).
11
#. Firstname Lastname, “Article Title,” Journal Title volume, no. #
(date): page, accessed date, date, doi/url.
Lastname, Firstname. “Article Title.” Journal Title volume, no. #. (date): page
range. Accessed date. Doi/url.
27. Stephanie Hom Carey, “The Tourist Moment,” Annals of Tourism
Research 31, no. 1 (2004): 61, accessed October 19, 2008, doi:
10:48903243/342890.
Hom Carey, Stephanie. “The Tourist Moment.” Annals of Tourism Research 31,
no. 1 (2004): 61-77. Accessed October 19, 2008. Doi: 10:48903243/342890.
28. Carey, “The Tourist Moment,” 64-65.
SOURCE
NOTES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ART EXHIBITION
CATALOGUE
#. Firstname Lastname, Title (Place of Publication: Publisher, year),
page.
Lastname, Firstname. Title. Place of Publication: Publisher, year. Name and
location of exhibition.
TURABIAN:
Turabian manual is
the source here as
category not
covered well in the
th
16 edition.
29. Judith A. Barter, ed., Mary Cassat: Modern Woman (Chicago: Art
Institute of Chicago, in association with Harry N. Abrams, 1998), 5.
Barter, Judith A., ed. Mary Cassatt: Modern Woman. Chicago: Art Institute of
Chicago, in association with Harry N. Abrams, 1998. Published in conjunction
with the exhibition “Mary Cassatt: Modern Woman” shown at the Boston
Museum of Fine Arts, the National Gallery in Washington, DC, and the Art
Institute of Chicago.
30. Barter, Mary Cassat.
NB: In the bibliography only, include the name and location(s) of the exhibition
following the publication data.
12
SOURCE
NOTES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
GOVERNMENT
PUBLICATIONS
#. Author, Title of Report, Other Identification Information (Place of
Publication: Publisher, date).
Author. Title of Report. Other Identification Information. Place of Publication:
Publisher, date.
NB: If the report
names an author,
start with that.
Otherwise, use the
ministry or agency
responsible for the
report.
31. Mordechai Rozanski, Investing in Public Education: Advancing the
Goal of Continuous Improvement in Student Learning and Achievement,
prepared on behalf of the Education Equality Task Force (Toronto:
Ministry of Education, 2001).
Rozanski, Mordechai. Investing in Public Education: Advancing the Goal of
Continuous Improvement in Student Learning and Achievement. Prepared on
behalf of the Education Equality Task Force. Toronto: Ministry of Education,
2002.
TURABIAN:
Turabian citations
are slightly
different and the
range of examples
can be
overwhelming. We
suggest you
consult 14.303 in
The Chicago
Manual of Style,
th
16 edition for
further examples.
13
32. Rozanski, Public Education, 35.
33. Ministry of Training, Colleges and Universities, Employment Profile,
ISSN 1492-045X (Toronto: Ministry of Training, Colleges and
Universities, 2002), 35.
34. Ministry of Training, Employment Profile, 27.
Ministry of Training, Colleges and Universities. Employment Profile. ISSN 1492045X. Toronto: Ministry of Training, Colleges and Universities, 2002.
SOURCE
NOTES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
WEBSITE
#. “Title of the Page,” Author of the content, Title/owner of site, date
(of publication, access or when site was last modified), URL.
Author of the content as Lastname Firstname. “Title of the Page.” Title/owner
of the site. Date (of publication, access or when site was last modified). URL.
35. “Phenomena: Laelaps: Pin the Nose on the Dinosaur,” Brian
Switek, National Geographic, accessed February 12, 2013,
http://phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/2013/02/09/pin-the-noseon-the-dinosaur/
Switek, Brian. “Phenomena: Laelaps: Pin the Nose on the Dinosaur,” National
Geographic. Accessed February 12, 2013.
http://phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/2013/02/09/pin-the-nose-on-thedinosaur/
NB: Locate as
much of the
information as
possible. If there is
no author given,
use the owner of
the site.
36. “Phenomena.”
TURABIAN: In
Turabian manual
access dates are
placed in brackets
at the end of the
URL e.g.
http://www …
(accessed Feb 12,
2013).
PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS
#. Author, type of communication, date.
37. Simon, Streatfield, letter to author, March 28, 2012.
NB: You may
require the
author’s
permission to
include these types
of citations.
14
38. Streatfield, letter.
39. Paul Martin, e-mail message to author, February 3, 2012.
40. Martin, e-mail.
NB: Personal communications are not normally included in the Bibliography
SOURCE
NOTES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
AUDIO-VISUAL
RECORDINGS
#. “name of scene or scene no.”, Title of movie, Director (original
date; place of publication: publisher, release date), medium.
Lastname Firstname. Title. Medium. Place of Publication: Publisher, release
date.
TURABIAN: In
Turabian manual
the medium (e.g.
DVD) comes after
the title.
41. “Crop Duster Attack,” North by Northwest, directed by Alfred
Hitchcock (1959; Burbank, CA: Warner Home Video, 2000), DVD.
Hitchcock, Alfred. North by Northwest. DVD. Burbank, CA: Warner Home Video,
2000.
VIDEO OR TV
ONLINE
43. Richard B. Freeman, “Global Capitalism, Labor Markets, and
Inequality,” Institute of International Studies, University of California at
Berkeley, October 31, 2007,
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cgNCFsXGUa0.
42. “Crop Duster Attack.”
44. Freeman, “Global Capitalism.”
45. BBC, “Clock from the Bronze Age Discovered,” ONE News TVNZ
Website, video file, 01.53, February 19, 2013, http://tvnz.co.nz/worldnews/cloak-bronze-age-discovered-video-5345359.
…46. BBC, “Clock.”
NB: URL alone is insufficient. You must provide additional information
so that a reader can search for the source even if the URL changes. If file
lacks an individual URL, cite the site as a whole.
15
NB: In the bibliography original release date is omitted.
TURABIAN: Turabian argues that it may not always be necessary to include
broadcast sources in the bibliography.
Freeman, Richard B. “Global Capitalism, Labor Markets, and Inequality.” Institute
of International Studies, University of California at Berkeley. October 31, 2007.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cgNCFsXGUa0.
BBC. “Clock from the Bronze Age Discovered.” ONE News TVNZ Website. Video
file. February 19, 2013. http://tvnz.co.nz/world-news/cloak-bronze-agediscovered-video-5345359.
SOURCE
PODCAST
NOTES
47. Paul Tiyambe Zeleza, “Africa’s Global Past: Episode 40”, Africa Past
and Present, African Online Digital Library, podcast audio, April 29,
2010, http://afripod.aodl.org/.
48. Zeleza, “Africa’s Global Past.”
49. Darcey Steinke, interview by Sam Tanenhaus and Dwight Garner,
New York Times Book Review, podcast audio, April 22, 2007,
http://podcasts.nytimes.com/podcasts/2007/04/20/21bookupdate.mp3
.
50. Steinke, interview.
16
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Zeleza, Paul Tiyambe. “Africa’s Global Past: Episode 40”. Africa Past and Present.
African Online Digital Library. Podcast audio, April 29, 2010.
http://afripod.aodl.org/
Steinke, Darcey.. Interview by Sam Tanehaus and Dwight Garner, New York Book
Review. Podcast audio, April 22, 2007,
http://podcasts.nytimes.com/podcasts/2007/04/20/21bookupdate.mp3.
SOURCE
NOTES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
SOUND
RECORDING
Music:
Natalie Bruschner. Songs of Love. Capitol CDP 7 46381 2, 1990, compact disc.
Originally released in 1970.
e.g. music, play,
poetry reading,
lecture
TURABIAN: In the
Turabian manual
the date comes at
the end, after the
medium. Compact
disc is also
abbreviated to CD.
...51. Natalie Bruscher, Songs of Love, Capitol CDP 7 46381 2, 1990,
compact disc, originally released in 1970.
…52. Bruscher, Songs of Love.
Auden, W. H. Selected Poems. Read by the author. Spoken Arts 7137, 1991.
Audiocassette.
Play:
…53. Kim Starwood, Looking at the Sun, performed by Andrea Brenton
and others, Capitol CDP 7 46381 2, 1991, compact disc.
…54. Starwood, Looking at the Sun.
Poetry reading:
…55. W.H. Auden, Selected Poems, read by the author, Spoken Arts
7137, 1991, audiocassette.
…56. Auden, Selected Poems.
th
NB: The 16 edition does not abbreviate mediums but uses compact
disc (for CD) and audiocassette (for tape). Original release dates are
included at the end of a citation.
17
Starwood, Kim. Looking at the Sun. Performed by Andrea Brenton and others.
Capitol CDP 7 46381 1, 1991. Compact disc.
SOURCE
PAINTINGS,
SCULPTURES,
PHOTOGRAPHS,
AND OTHER
ARTWORKS.
TURABIAN:
Turabian manual is
the main source
here as category
not covered well in
th
the 16 edition.
NOTES
#. Firstname Lastname, Title, medium (if relevant) date, name of
institution or collection (if any), location.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
TURABIAN: Turabian argues that a visual source does not generally need to be
included in your bibliography, although you may choose to include a specific item
that is critical to your argument or frequently cited.
57. Michaelangelo, David, 1501-4, Galleria dell’Accademia, Florence.
58. Michaelangelo, David.
59. Aaron Siskind, Untitled (The Most Crowded Block), gelatin silver
print, 1939, Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art, Kansas City, MO.
60. Siskind, Untitled.
Reproduction: To cite a reproduction, omit the medium and location
and give publication information for the source.
61. Edward Hopper, August in the City, 1945, in Gail Levin, Edward
Hopper: The Art and the Artist (New York: Whitney Museum of
American Art, 1980), 197.
62. Hopper, August.
LIVE
PERFORMANCES
NB TURABIAN:
Turabian manual is
the main source
here as category
not covered well in
th
the 16 edition.
18
#. Title of work, writer, director, name of performer or company,
location, date.
63. Birdie Blue, by Cheryl L. West, directed by Cameron Rutherford,
Maidment Theatre, Auckland, June 22, 2013.
64. Birdie Blue.
TURABIAN: As with the note above, Turabian argues that live performances do
not generally need to be included in your bibliography, although you may choose
to include a specific item that is critical to your argument or frequently cited.
Sources used in compiling this hand-out
Bedford/St. Martin’s. “Chicago Documentations Style,” Research and Documentation Online
5th Edition. Accessed February 20, 2013.
http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/resdoc5e/RES5e_ch05_o.html
The Chicago Manual of Style Online, 16th edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010.
Accessed February 20, 2013.
http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org.ezproxy.aut.ac.nz/home.html.
Turabian, Kate L. A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations. 7th ed.
Revised by Wayne C. Booth, Gregory G. Colomb, and Joseph M. Williams. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 2007.
Writing Commons. “Acknowledging Print and Electronic Sources: Chicago Style,” University
of Guelph Writing Services. Accessed February 12, 2013.
http://www.lib.uoguelph.ca/assistance/writing_services/resources/handouts.cfm
Prepared by Dr Kathryn Owler and Layne Waerea
February 2013
19