Ch. 9 Launching the New
Government
Essential Questions
• In what ways did leadership influence the
creation of our government?
• What challenges faced the founding fathers?
• What were the mistakes and successes of the
federal government in its first years?
• Objective: We are going to
analyze the creation of the
federal government and the
first two administrations.
What do you Know and Want to Know about
the launching of the new government.
Know
Want to Know
• April 30,
1789
George
Washington
was
inaugurated
as the first
President.
Washington
appointed a
cabinet to
help him.
9.1 Washington Takes Office
Alexander Hamilton
Treasury
George
WashingtonPresident
Henry Knox- War
Thomas Jefferson
State
Edmund
Randolph
Attorney
General
John Jay- Chief
Justice
• Alexander Hamilton’s plan called for a central
bank to repay all state debts. Madison argued
against this concept. As a result the Bank of the
United States was created and “Washington DC”
was built in the south.
Do Now: Take out your section review.
What is happening in this image?
The Whiskey Rebellion
• To raise revenue Hamilton suggested a tax on all
alcohol that was produced. Farmers in
Pennsylvania tarred and feathered tax collectors.
Washington sent militia to crush the rebellion
but the farmers fled in fear. Washington then
pardoned the farmers.
• Was Washington wise in his cabinet selections?
• Who works with President Obama in his cabinet?
• Was Hamilton wise to consolidate debt and
create the Bank of the United States?
• Do we have a national debt today?
• Was anyone to blame for the Whiskey Rebellion?
• How do you think Washington handled the
Whiskey Rebellion?
9.2 Creating a Foreign
Policy
• In response to the
French Revolution
George Washington
issued the “Neutrality
Proclamation.” In 1793
John Jay created Jay’s
Treaty with Britain after
Britain seized 250
American ships.
1796 Washington’s Farewell Address.
“Tis our true policy to
steer clear of permanent
alliances, with any portion
of the foreign world…The
great rule of conduct for
us, in regard to foreign
nations is…to have with
them as little political
connection as possible. “
• How should the United States have responded
to the French Revolution?
• Was Washington unfair to King Louis XVI?
• What was the legacy of George Washington?
• What were Washington’s accomplishments?
• Why was Washington’s retirement important
to the future of the United States
Government?
• Imagine two 7th grade boys are planning a
joint birthday party. One night on Ichat they
have a bitter disagreement over the theme of
the party. (One of them really like pirates, and
the other really likes dinosaurs.) The argument
turns ugly, what would be the next logical
thing for each of them to do?
9.3 Political Parties
• Bitter disagreements between Alexander
Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson led to the
creation of Political Parties.
Hamilton
Jefferson
Government should encourage trade
and manufacturing.
Government should support small
family farms.
Favored cities
Favored rural communities
Wanted a large strong federal
government
Wanted a small federal government
Designed Bank of the United States
Opposed the Bank of the United States.
Wanted close ties with Britain
Wanted close ties with France
• If you were alive during the late 18th century
would you have been a Democratic
Republican or a Federalist?
• Who had a greater impact on American
society Hamilton or Jefferson?
The Election of 1796
Democratic Republicans
• President: Thomas Jefferson
• VP: Aaron Burr
Federalists
• President: John Adams
• VP: Thomas Pinckney
President: John Adams
Vice President: Thomas Jefferson
• What do
you
notice
about
the
voting
habits of
America
ns in
1796?
How
does
this
compare
to 2008
• If you were alive during the late 18th century
would you have agreed with Jefferson or
Hamilton?
• Who had a greater impact on the
development of the United States? Jefferson
or Hamilton?
• What is the legacy of this disagreement?
• Are political parties bad for a democracy?
9.4 Conflict with France
• After American ships were seized by France.
Three French agents described by Adams as X,
Y and Z demanded bribes to begin
negotiations. The XYZ affair enraged the public
and Hamilton called for war with France.
Adams sent diplomats to France to make a
treaty with Napoleon Bonaparte.
• Who won the election of 1796? What party was
he?
• Who became Vice President what party was he?
• Who did Hamilton and the Federalists support in
foreign policy?
• Who did Jefferson and the Democratic
Republicans support with regard to foreign
policy?
• Why was there a conflict between France and the
United States during the beginning of the Adams
administration?
• How did John Adams respond?
• What was the XYZ affair?
• What did Hamilton suggest?
• Why would Jefferson have disagreed with
Hamilton?
• If the year was 1798 what effect could war with
France have on the election of 1800?
• Do modern politicians make decisions with their
next election in mind?
The Alien and Sedition Acts
• The federalists pushed the Alien and Sedition
Acts through Congress during the conflict with
France.
• Alien Act: Any foreigner can be expelled from
the country. Immigrants must wait 14 years to
become citizens.
• Sedition Act: You can be fined or jailed for
criticizing the government.
States Rights
• Jefferson and Madison argued that States had
the right to nullify federal laws. The Kentucky
and Virginia Resolutions stated that each state
has the right to judge for itself if a law is
constitutional.
• Were the Alien and Sedition Acts
constitutional?
• Should there be limits on the lives of
immigrants?
• Should there be limits on free speech?
The Election of 1800
• During the election of 1800 Thomas Jefferson
won the popular vote. In the electoral vote
Jefferson and Aaron Burr each received 73
electoral votes. The House of Representatives
had to vote 36 times to break the tie.
Nominee
Thomas
Jefferson
John Adams
DemocraticRepublican
Federalist
Virginia
Massachusetts
Running mate
Aaron Burr
Charles
Cotesworth
Pinckney
Electoral vote
73
65
States carried
8
7
Popular vote
41,330
25,952
Percentage
61.4%
38.6%
Party
Home state
The Federalist Era Ends
• Congress passed the 12th amendment having
electors vote separately for President and Vice
President. The Federalist party faded after
Aaron Burr killed Alexander Hamilton in a
duel.
• Was President Adams successful in his dealings with
France? What if would you have done differently?
• How does America currently struggle with foreign
policy?
• Was Adams right to sign the Alien and Sedition Acts?
• Is there any legislation today that is anti-immigrant?
• Why did the Federalist party decline and come to an
end?
• Is Alexander Hamilton an American hero?
• In April of 1789 George Washington was ________________ in
Philadelphia.
• _________________ became the first secretary of war.
• ________________ became the first Attorney General.
• The ______________________ created a Supreme Court of
the United States.
• __________________ was the first chief Justice of the
Supreme Court.
• __________________ Washington issued the
___________________ to keep the US out of the conflict
between England and France.
• __________________ Rebellion proved that the Constitution
was working.
• During his Farewell Address Washington warned against
______________ and ____________________.
• Alexander Hamilton wanted to _______________ the
nations debt and create a _________________.
• _____________ was built in the South as a compromise
between Hamilton, Madison and Jefferson.
• Jefferson disagreed with Hamilton on the following
issues___________________.
• As a result of their disputes the following political parties
were created__________ and _______________.
• In the end Washington declared himself a
____________________.
• After the election of 1796 _____________ became
president and ______________ became VP.
• Conflict with France over some _________________ led
to the XYZ affair where French agents asked for a _____.
• Adams eventually made peace with ___________ and
kept the US out of war with France.
• The Federalists passed the _________ and
____________ acts which were unpopular among
Democratic Republicans.
• _______________ and ___________ passed
resolutions in protest to the Alien and Sedition Laws.
• __________________ won the election of 1800
though the election had to be decided by the
___________________.
• _____________ became the Vice President though he
later shot Hamilton in a _________. This marked the
end of the _________________ party.
• What was the greatest challenge for the
founding fathers?
• What challenges does our modern
government face?
• Who was the MVP of either of the first two
administrations?
• Does Alexander Hamilton deserve to be on the
ten dollar bill?