Vocabulary Review
Summary of Key Ideas
16.1 Wind changes Earth’s surface by moving and
depositing loose sediment. Desert pavement and
blowouts result from wind erosion. Loess is an example
of a wind-deposited sediment. Winds also deposit
sand into formations called sand dunes. Sand supply,
wind strength, and vegetation affect a sand dune’s
shape.
16.2 Most waves result from winds. A wave is
described by its height, wavelength, period, and
speed. As a wave passes through water, the water
particles move in a circular motion. This motion
extends downward to a depth of about one half
the wavelength. As the water depth becomes
more shallow, wave motion is distorted. Waves
approaching a shoreline at an angle refract and
approach the shore at less of an angle. Swash,
backwash, longshore currents, and rip currents
move water and sediments on beaches.
16.3 Waves affect the shoreline by
eroding and depositing materials. Sea cliffs,
sea caves, sea arches, and sea stacks result
from shoreline erosion. Sandbars, spits,
baymouth bars, hooks, lagoons, and barrier
islands result from shoreline deposition.
Irregular shorelines form when hilly, uneven
coastal areas are flooded by the sea. The
regular shorelines of western North and
South America are the result of plate
interactions.
1.
: barchan as sandbar : spit.
?
2. abrasion : ventifact as
pavement.
?
: desert
Write the term from the key vocabulary list that best
completes the sentence.
3. Waves that approach a shore at an angle are
turned to be more parallel to the shore through
a process called
.
?
4. The distance from the crest of one wave to the
crest of the next wave is the
.
?
5. The height of a wind-driven wave is affected by
, which is the distance of open water
?
over which the wind blows.
Concept Review
6. Compare how clay, silt, and sand particles are
carried by the wind. Which particles are likely to
be carried the farthest by the wind? Why?
7. Why might you find ventifacts and desert
pavement in the same region?
8. Why do sand dunes have different shapes?
9. Explain how the following terms relate to an
ocean wave: fetch, wave height, wavelength,
period.
10. Explain how wave refraction occurs at a
shoreline.
11. Explain how a longshore current forms.
12. Identify some factors that help determine
whether a beach is sandy or pebbly.
13. Explain how erosion and deposition are involved
in forming a beach and the features found near
a beach, such as sandbars and barrier islands.
KEY VOCABULARY
beach (p. 350)
period (p. 345)
deflation (p. 341)
refraction (p. 345)
desert pavement (p. 341)
sandbar (p. 351)
dust storm (p. 340)
sand dune (p. 342)
fetch (p. 344)
ventifact (p. 341)
fjord (p. 353)
wave height (p. 344)
loess (p. 342)
wavelength (p. 344)
356
Write the vocabulary term from the key vocabulary list
that best completes the analogy.
Unit 4 Earth’s Changing Surface
14. Explain how Maine’s irregular shoreline formed.
15. Graphic Organizer Complete the cause-andeffect diagram below.
?
causes
tsunami