Elements Project
Sani Stikkel
Physical Science
Period 6
Hydrogen
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1 Valence electron
Atomic number is 1
Symbol is H
Positive 1 Cation
Hydrogen compounds commonly are called hydrides
Hydrogen makes up H2O
hydrogen makes up about 75% of the mass of the universe
Hydrogen is used to power a range of new alternate fuel vehicles
Group 1 Alkali Metals
❖ Has 1 Valence Electron
❖ +1 ion is formed
❖ React violently with H2O
Potassium
❖ potassium ions are important to all living organisms
❖ Pure potassium is a lightweight silvery metal
❖ Reacts Violently with H2O
❖ potassium is in bananas
Symbol: K
Atomic Number: 19
Number of Valence Electrons
Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals
❖ +2 valences Electrons
❖ 2 Cations
❖ Low melting points
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Transition Metals Group 3-12
❖ 1 Valence Electron
❖ Hard and dense
❖ +1 or +2 but can not be predicted
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Nickel
valances: Can not predict thats why its in this group
Symbol: Ni
Atomic Number:28
Nickel is present in metallic meteorites
Nickel has been in use since ancient times
Nickels melting point is 1453 ºC
Nickels Boiling Point 2730 ºC
Group 13
valences:3
+3 Cations
aluminum is the most common metal in earth's outer
layer
Group 13 Showcase Element
Boron
Atomic Number:5
Symbol:B
Has +3 Cations
Boron was first partially isolated
in 1808
Borons melting point :2075 oC,
2348 K
Borons boiling point: 3727 oC ,
4000 K
Borons state: solid
Group 14 Carbon family
❖ 4 Valences
❖ Does Not form ions
❖ The carbon family consists of carbon, silicon, germanium,
tin and lead
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Lead
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Symbol:Pb
Atomic number: 82
Atomic Weight: 207.2
Melting Point: 621.4 F (327.46 C)
Boiling Point: 3,180.2 F (1,749 C)
Not real lead in pencils
4 Valences
Group 15 Nitrogen Family
5 valences
Nitrogen and phosphorus are nonmetals.
-3 anion
Nitrogen Group 15 case element
Symbol: N
Atomic Number: 7
Melting Point: -209.9 °C (63.250008 K, -345.81998 °F)
Boiling Point: -195.8 °C (77.35 K, -320.44 °F)
Classification: Non-metal
Number of Protons/Electrons: 7
5 valence electrons
Group 16 Oxygen Family
❖ 6 Valence Electrons
❖ -2 anions
❖ It consists of the elements oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium,
and polonium
Oxygen
Symbol: O
Atomic number: 8
Boiling point: -297.3°F (-183°C)
Atomic Mass: 15.9994 amu
Number of Protons/Electrons: 8
Classification: Non-metal
because of the number of Valences2127n
Group 17 Halogen Family
7 valence electrons
-1 anions
Fluorine Group 17 showcase element
atomic number 17
7 valence electrons
Symbol: F
Atomic number: 9
Electron configuration: [He] 2s2 2p5
Electronegativity: 3.98
Melting point: -363.3°F (-219.6°C)
Atomic mass: 18.998403 ± 0.0000005 u
Group 18 noble gas
8 valence electrons
noble gases are pure so they don't form ions
all noble gases are gases
Helium Group 18 showcase element
because it has 8 electrons in the outer layer
Symbol: He
Atomic number: 2
Electron configuration: 1s2
Electrons per shell: 2
Boiling point: -452.1°F (-268.9°C)
Atomic mass: 4.002602 ± 0.000002 u
Lanthanides Group
15 elements in group
has a single valence electron in D shell
lanthanides showcase
cerium
Symbol: Ce
Electron configuration: Xe 4f1 5d1 6s2
Atomic number: 58
Discovered: 1803
Melting point: 1,463°F (795°C)
Atomic mass: 140.116 ± 0.001 u
Actinides Group
All are radioactive.
Actinides are highly electropositive.
The metals tarnish readily in air.
Actinides are very dense metals with distinctive structures.
Numerous allotropes may be formed
Plutonium Actinides showcase element
Ordinarily, there are six
allotropes or forms of plutonium.
Plutonium oxide forms on the
surface of plutonium exposed to
air
Pure plutonium is a silvery-white
metal
Plutonium-238 is used to power
some heart pacemakers.
Atomic number: 94
atomic mass: 244 u
symbol: Pu
In this group because of
the number of valence