Daily English Vocab
PDF 27th Nov 2016
Do not slide into a war no one wants
It is welcome that India’s Director General of Military Operations spoke to his Pakistani
counterpart after intensive (तीव्र/प्रखर) firing from India across the Line of Control (LoC) took the
lives of some Pakistani civilians, apart from killing three Pak army personnel. India had reason to
fire across the LoC: it was retaliating (पलट कर हमला करना/प्रततकार करना) for the killing of three Indian
soldiers and the mutilation(तिकृतत /तिकृत करना) of one of them the day before. If the same logic is
followed, Pakistan would justify fresh violation of the ceasefire agreement, and kill soldiers and
civilians on the Indian side of the LoC. India would then feel compelled (मज़बूर) to respond in kind.
And so on, until the whole world turns blind, or, more to the point, the two nuclear powers of south
Asia slide into war.
In India, we are used to the idea that an armed engagement in which either side scrupulously (अतत
सतकक तापिू कक/अतत सािधानी से) avoids breaching (उल्लघं न) the other’s territorial integrity can still be called
war and retrieval of the status quo declared a victory. Such victory yields political dividends to
the victor, too. It is tempting, therefore, for desperate politicians to design limited confrontations
that would whip up a mood of national consolidation (एकीकरण/दृढीकरण) and jingoistic(कट्टर देशभति)
fervor(तीव्रता/जोश/उत्साह). This is a high-risk strategy, however. Many lives would be lost on either
side of the border, of soldiers and of civilians. Their blood would be shed for no lasting national
gain, however. And this is the least damaging outcome.
The worst-case scenario is a full-fledged war. Even if that does not entail (के तलए आिश्यक होना/आिश्यक
बना देना) use of nuclear weapons — an eventuality no longer to be ruled out as absurd, given the
line of thinking favored by the political leadership both in India and in Pakistan — a war would
be very costly in terms of both life and treasure. That would be a major setback to India’s goal of
becoming a $20-trillion economy. There has to be another way.
(Courtesy: The Economic Times)
1. Intensive (adjective): Concentrated on a single subject or into a short time; very thorough or
vigorous. (तीव्र/प्रखर)
 Synonyms: Profound, Deep, Strong, Thorough.
 Antonyms: Superficial, Incomplete, Incomprehensive, Surface.
Example: Following intensive negotiations with the union, a strike appears to have been averted.
Related words:
Intensively (adverb) - गहनता से
2. Retaliate (verb): Make an attack in return for a similar attack./ repay (an injury or insult) in
kind. (पलट कर हमला करना/प्रततकार करना)
 Synonyms: Strike Back, Avenge, Revenge, Reciprocate.
 Antonyms: Forgive, Pardon, Leave.
Example: After the company announced plans to reduce benefits, the union threatened
to retaliate by calling for a strike.
Verb forms: Retaliate, Retaliated, Retaliated.
Related words:
Retaliation (noun) - प्रततशोध/प्रततकार
Retaliatory (adjective) – प्रततकारी
3. Mutilation (noun): The infliction of serious damage on something. (तिकृतत /तिकृत करना)
 Synonyms: Distortion, Deformation, Perversion, Mutilation, Contortion, Defacement.
 Antonyms: Advantage, Benefit, Blessing, Happiness, Improvement.
Example: For the heinous crimes like rape, the punishment should death in various forms, burning
alive, mutilation, torture.
Verb forms: Mutilate, Mutilated, Mutilated.
Related words:
Mutilate (verb) - तिकृ त करना
4. Compel (verb): Force or oblige (someone) to do something. (मजबूर करना)
 Synonyms: Coerce, Constrain, Force, Enforce,
 Antonyms: Allow, Free, Let go.
Example: How can we compel young people to stay in school when we are not teaching them
information that will change their lives?
Verb Forms: Compel, Compelled, Compelled.
Related Words:
Compellation (noun) – सम्बोधन
5. Scrupulously (adverb): Thorough, and extremely attentive to details./ very careful about doing
something correctly. (अतत सतकक तापूिकक/अतत सािधानी से)
 Synonyms: Carefully, Meticulously, Accurately, Devotedly, Flawlessly, Precisely.
 Antonyms: In a ignorable or avoiding way.
Example: Because Shannon is a scrupulous editor, she never misses errors when she proofreads
a document.
Related words:
Scrupulousness (noun) - सतकक ता
Scrupulous (adjective) - अततसतकक
6. Breach (noun): An act of breaking or failing to observe a law, agreement, or code of conduct.
(उल्लंघन)

Synonyms: Contravention, Violation, Breaking, Non-Observance, Infringement,
Transgression, Neglect, Dereliction.
 Antonyms: Agreement, Juncture, Obedience, Follow.
Example: By not paying your rent each month, you are executing a breach of contract.
Verb forms: Breach, Breached, Breached.
Related words:
Breach (verb) - दरार करना/तोडना
7. Consolidation (noun): The process of uniting / the quality or state of being united.
(एकीकरण/दृढीकरण)


Synonyms: Integration, Unification, Strengthening, Association, Coalition.
Antonyms: Division, Separation, Antagonism, Disassociation, Disunion, Dispersal,
Parting.
Example: Because the company wants to consolidate its operations in one location, it is closing
down its international offices.
Verb forms: Consolidate, Consolidated, Consolidated.
Related words:
Consolidate (verb) – एकीकरण करना
8. Fervor (noun): Intensity of feeling or expression (generally in positive way). (जोश/उत्साह/तीव्रता)
 Synonyms: Ardor, Enthusiasm, Zeal, Prompting, Euphoria, Rapture, Passion.
 Antonyms: Apathy, Lethargy, Unimportance, Disinterest, Dullness, Dispassionate.
Example: The woman’s spiritual fervor led her to leave her husband and become a nun.
Related words:
Fervency (noun) - जोश
Fervent (adjective) - उत्साही
Fervently (adverb) - उत्साह से
9. Jingoistic (adjective): Extreme patriotism for one’s country that often shows itself through
aggression towards other nations. (कट्टर देशभति)
 Synonyms: Extreme Patriotism, Nationalism Or Chauvinism.
 Antonyms: Kind, Mild, Gentle, Peace Loving.
Example: During wars, soldiers risk being caught up in jingoism and acting overly aggressive
with their enemies.
Related words:
Jingoism (noun) - अंधराष्ट्रीयता
Jingoist (noun) - कट्टर देशभक्त
10. Entail (verb): Involve (something) as a necessary or inevitable part or consequence. (के तलए
आिश्यक होना/आिश्यक बना देना)
 Synonyms: Involve, Require, Entangle, Encompass, Necessitate, Impose.
 Antonyms: Exclude, Untangle.
Example: The holiday party for three hundred guests will entail a lot of work from the event
planner.
Verb forms: Entail, Entailed, Entailed.
Related words:
Entailment (noun) - क्रमतनदेशन/अनल
ु ग्नता
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