Notes on British species of Geopora
Y.-J. Y A O
1
2
1
2
A N D B.M. S P O O N E R
1
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, U.K.
School of Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AT-, U.K.
Five species of Geopora are recognized from Great Britain. Notes on the nomenclature and taxonomy of these species and of those
others in the British checklist are presented and lectotypes for both Peziza sumneriana and P. lanuginosa var. sumneri are also
designated.
S e v e n species o f Geopora
Harkn., and t w o species and o n e
variety o f the s y n o n y m Sepultaria
( C o o k e ) Boud. are included
Peziza arenosa
Sepultaria
in the checklist o f British A s c o m y c o t i n a (Cannon, H a w k s w o r t h
Fuckel, Fungi Rhen. Exsic. N o . 1 2 1 2 ( 1 8 6 5 ) .
arenosa
(Fuckel) R e h m in Rahenh.
Krypt.-Fl.
1(3):
1077 (1895).
& Sherwood-Pike, 1 9 8 5 ) . Investigation o f these taxa for the
T y p e material o f this species (Fuckel's Fungi Rhenani
' A s c o m y c e t e s o f Great Britain and Ireland' project shows that
No.
only five species o f Geopora,
3 0 - 5 x 13'5—15-0 pm). It should n o t b e regarded as a s y n o n y m
G. arenicola
(Velen.) T . Schumach., G. foliacea
sumneriana
(Cooke) M . Torre
(Lev.) Kers, G. cervina
(Schaeff.) S. Ahmad,
and
G. tenuis
G.
(Fuckel) T .
Schumach., can b e recognized from British material. N o t e s on
1 2 1 2 , K) has large, ellipso-fusoid
of G. arenicola,
exsiccati,
ascospores
(27-0-
t h o u g h it could p r o v e t o b e conspecific with
the British material named G. sumneriana.
See further discussion
under that species below.
the nomenclature and t a x o n o m y o f these species and o f the
others in the British list are presented here. F o r s y n o n y m s ,
o n l y t h o s e which appear in the British literature are listed,
although s o m e recent combinations are included t o indicate
the
taxonomic
and nomenclatural
history
o f the
taxon
Geopora cervina (Velen.) T . Schumach. in Norwegian
26:
Sepultaria
cervina
(1934).
Velen., Monogr.
specimen named
Geopora arenicola (Lev.) Kers in Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 68: 3 4 5
(1974).
Peziza arenicola
Lev. in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ser 3, 9 : 1 4 0 ( 1 8 4 8 ) .
arenicola
(Lev.) M a s s e e , Brit. Fung.-Fl. 4 : 3 9 0 ( 1 8 9 5 ) .
T h e r e is clearly a varied concept o f this species a m o n g s t
different
Nanrifeldt,
authors.
Some
(e.g. Seaver,
1 9 2 8 ; Lundell
&
1 9 4 1 ; Kers, 1 9 7 4 ) have a broad concept and
include a long list o f s y n o n y m s under this name. H o w e v e r ,
examination o f type or authentic material o f s o m e o f these
suggested
Bohem.:
318
synonyms
reveals the inclusion o f s o m e
separated species, e.g. Peziza arenosa
Fuckel and Peziza
well
sepulta
b y T . Schumacher (Ben Hope,
E). Examination o f this and an additional collection (unlabelled,
E) from Scotland shows it t o represent a species distinct from
other British Geopora,
fusoid
having elongate-ellipsoid to ellipso-
ascospores 2 T 5 - 2 7 ' 0 ( - 2 9 - 0 ) x 1 0 - 0 - 1 3 - 5 pm. H o w ­
ever, these collections h a v e spores which lack pointed ends
and, in this respect, do n o t agree entirely with the c o n c e p t o f
G. cervina
circumscribed b y Schumacher ( 1 9 7 9 ) .
Geopora foliacea (Schaeff.) S. A h m a d in Monogr.
Pakistan 7 : 1 7 5 ( 1 9 7 8 ) .
Elvela foliacea Schaeff., Fung. Bavar.
3 1 9 (1774).
[Peziza arenicola
Sepultaria
Lev., Bois de B o u l o g n e , K ) and s o m e British
collections, G. arenicola
is delimited here as having
small
subterranean apothecia, with ellipsoid t o elongate ellipsoid
2 0 - 0 - 2 5 - 5 ( - 2 6 - 5 ) x ( l l - 5 - ) 1 2 - 0 - 1 5 - 0 um.
species w a s presented under Sepultaria
arenosa
This
(Fuckel) Boud.
sensu Seaver in D e n n i s ( 1 9 6 0 , 1 9 7 8 ) .
foliacea
Palat. Nasc.
(Schaeff.) Boud., Icon. Mycol.
4 : 113, Tab.
Liste Prelim.: (3)
T h e b a s i o n y m reference for the combination o f this species in
Geopora
w a s given b y A h m a d ( 1 9 7 8 ) as ' = Sepultaria
foliacea
Schaeff., Fung. T a b . C C C I X ; e x Boud., Icon. M y c o l . T o m . II PI.
359.-Hist.
Biol. Soc.
Biol. Soc.
[without pagination] ( 1 9 0 4 ) .
Class. Disc. Eur.: 5 9 . 1 9 0 7 ' . This citation is
acceptable in v i e w o f the I C B N operating
Geopora arenosa (Fuckel) S. A h m a d in Monogr.
Pakistan 7 : 176 ( 1 9 7 8 ) .
W-facing
crags, 2 7 A u g . 1 9 8 4 , B . J . Coppins & O . L. Gilbert, N o . 1 0 2 8 3 ,
Fr. (see b e l o w ) . Based o n the examination o f the isotype
ascospores
Discomyc.
T h e British record o f this species is based o n a herbarium
concerned.
Sepultaria
J . Bot.
55 ( 1 9 7 9 ) .
at that time,
although there are several bibliographic errors. H o w e v e r , the
name, Sepultaria
foliacea
(Schaeff.) Boud., does appear o n the
Y.-J. Y a o and B . M . S p o o n e r
73
plate and page which A h m a d ( 1 9 7 8 ) cited from Boudier's
(1975)
work. T h e correct bibliographic citation required
bibliographic research rather than merely a bibliographic error
by
the
current C o d e (Greuter et al, 1 9 9 4 ) is provided a b o v e .
may
be
as considered
N o type or authentic material o f this species has been
regarded
as
invalid
due
to
b y M o r e n o , Galan & O r t e g a
failure
(1986).
in
The
b a s i o n y m reference cited b y D e La T o r r e ( 1 9 7 5 ) as
'Peziza
studied in this investigation. W e apply this name t o British
lanuginosa
collections having oblong-ellipsoid, often parallel-sided a s c o ­
4, /. 25 (1866),
Peziza sumneriana
spores ( 2 3 - 0 - ) 2 5 - 0 - 2 7 - 0 ( - 2 8 - 5 ) x ( l l - 0 - ) 1 2 - 0 - 1 4 - 0 ( - 1 5 - 0 ) um.
tones
vol. 1, p. 6 3 , fig. I l l ( 1 8 7 9 ) ' is n o t simply an
Examination o f an authentic specimen (in Herb. C o o k e , K)
of Peziza lanuginosa
Bull. (Hist. Champ.
France: 2 6 0 , Pi. 3 9 6 , Fig.
2 (1791)), listed as a s y n o n y m o f Sepultaria
foliacea
b y Boudier
( 1 9 0 4 , 1 9 0 7 ) and having priority o v e r Elvela foliacea,
t o b e referable t o Humaria
hemisphaerica
shows it
(F. H. W i g g . ) Fuckel.
var. sumneri
Fungorum
Berk, et Br., in Ann. N.H. num. 1161, t.
Mycologia
Peziza sumneriana
does n o t appear on the page and the plate
he cited. D e La T o r r e ( 1 9 7 5 ) apparently repeated the mistakes
made b y earlier authors in p r e - 1 9 5 3 combinations. If D e La
T o r r e missed the correct p a g e in C o o k e ' s work, she should h a v e
Sepultaria
Lachnea
sepulta
sepulta
'Lachnea
Sumneriana
Pez. lanuginosa
6 0 : 5 0 0 (1968).
Peziza sepulta Fr. in Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsaliensis
230 (1851).
(Fr.) M a s s e e , Brit. Fung.-Fl.
(Fr.) W . Phillips, Man.
III, 1 :
Fungorum
(Saccardo, 1 8 8 9 ) , where
C o o k e M y c o g r . f. I l l , erf. p. 1 7 8 (Pez.),
var. Sumneri Berk. Linn. Trans. X X V , t. 5 5 , f. 1.'
was listed. If some fundamental works on fungal
4 : 3 8 9 (1895).
Brit. Discomyc.:
regarded as a bibliographic error.
209
Sepultaria
original
sumneri
varietal
(Berk. & B r o o m e ) Boud., raising
epithet,
is
treated
T h e c o n c e p t o f this species adopted b y British authors, with
combination. Boudier listed 'Sepultaria
ascospores 2 2 - 0 - 2 4 - 0 x 1 2 - 0 um (Cooke, 1 8 7 6 ; Phillips, 1 8 8 7 )
his Icones Mycologicae,
or
( 1 9 0 4 ) , but he used 'Sepultaria
(Massee, 1 8 9 5 ) , is n o t
that
represented b y material from Fries (Sweden, H o r t o Upsaliensi,
Texte preliminaire
e x Herb. Fries, K). Fries' material has larger, broadly ellipsoid
Provisiores
spores 2 5 - 0 - 2 8 - 0 ( - 2 9 - 5 ) x ( 1 5 - 0 - ) 1 6 - 0 - 1 8 - 0 ( - 1 9 - 0 ) um. Exam­
Texte descriptif
ination
Mycologicae,
o f the
British specimen
cited b y
Cooke
taxonomy
were n o t consulted for a n e w combination it should n o t b e
(1887).
1 8 - 0 - 2 2 - 0 x 1 0 - 0 - 1 2 - 0 um
seu
error o f citation o f p a g e number o f the publication. T h e n a m e
found this from the Sylloge
G e o p o r a s e p u l t a (Fr.) K o r f & Burds. in Burdsall in
Cook., in Mycographia
(1876)
as
an
Sumneriana
Sumneri (Berk.) C o o k e ' in the
o f the work (Ser. 6, Livr. 2 6 , p. 7 ( 1 9 0 9 ) ) , the
des planches
N o . 5 2 2 ( T o m II, Pi. 3 5 8 ) and the final
(Vol. 4 : 2 0 0 ( 1 9 1 0 ) ) . T h e combination in Icones
Liste Prelim, repeated
Massee's
combination,
whilst the combination in Hist. Classific.
foliacea.
( 1 9 0 7 ) , followed in the later publication o f Icones
and
C o o k e ' in
Liste Prelim.: (3) [without pagination]
('Phillips, E. B . 6 3 ' , n o w in K) shows it to b e referable t o G.
N o British material examined has such large
the
independent
Discomyc.
Europe:
59
Mycologicae
broadly ellipsoid spores as those o f the material from Fries.
can b e credited, as a separate combination, t o Boudier as he
A l t h o u g h it has been regarded as a s y n o n y m o f G.
adopted
arenicola
(Lundell & Nannfeldt, 1 9 4 1 ; Kers, 1 9 7 4 ; M o r e n o , Galan &
Berkeley & B r o o m e ' s epithet rather than that o f
Cooke.
T h e collections cited for Peziza
O r t e g a , 1 9 8 6 ; Z h a n g & Y u , 1 9 9 2 ) , w e consider that G. sepulta
lanuginosa
var. sumneri
by
is an independent species which is n o t y e t k n o w n from Britain.
C o o k e ( 1 8 7 6 ) ( C o o k e , F. B . i., 4 7 1 , ii., 3 6 2 ; Phillips, E. B . 6 2
G e o p o r a s u m n e r i a n a ( C o o k e ) M . T o r r e in Anal.
sumneriana.
and Rabh. F. E. 1 4 1 9 ) should b e regarded as s y n t y p e s o f P.
Cavanilles
Peziza
Inst.
Bot.
3 2 ( 2 ) : 9 6 (1976).
sumneriana
C o o k e , Mycographia
1 : 1 7 8 ( 1 8 7 7 ) [with
description on p. 6 3 under the n a m e Peziza
(Sarcoscypha)
lanuginosa
var. Sumneri Berk. & Br. and Fig. I l l under the
name Peziza lanuginosa
Lachnea sumneriana
213 (1887).
Sepultaria
( C o o k e ) W . Phillips, Man.
Sepultaria
1st ed., N o . 4 7 1
the l e c t o t y p e o f P. sumneriana
as Fig. I l l in Mycographia
was
based on this collection, cited as ' G u y ' s Cliff, W a r w i c k ' in
C o o k e ( 1 8 7 6 ) . T h e specimen labelled as ' C h i s w i c k House, M r .
Brit.
Discomyc.:
designated as the l e c t o t y p e o f P. lanuginosa
( C o o k e ) M a s s e e , Brit. Fung.-Fl.
4: 391
these lectotypes display
apothecia
var. sumneri
Linn. Soc. London
sumneri
Discomyc.
exsiccati
var. sumneri
as it
is o n e o f the two collections cited in the p r o t o l o g u e . B o t h o f
sumneriana
Peziza lanuginosa
Britannici
Edmonds, M a y 1 8 6 6 ' in Herb. Berkeley (K) is also herewith
Bull. ( 1 8 7 6 ) ] .
(1895).
Trans.
C o o k e Fungi
(Warwick, April 1 8 7 0 , several parts in K) is selected here as
Berk. & B r o o m e in Berkeley in
25: 4 3 2 , PI. 5 5 , Fig. 1 ( 1 8 6 6 ) .
(Berk. & B r o o m e ) Boud., Hist.
Europe:
Classfic.
30—70 m m
the
diam.
same features, having
and
ellipso-fusoid
2 7 - 0 - 3 3 - 0 ( - 3 5 - 5 ) x 1 2 - 5 - 1 5 - 0 ( - 1 5 - 5 ) um. T h e s e characters are
reminiscent o f G. arenosa
as m e n t i o n e d a b o v e . W e do n o t
s y n o n y m i z e these t w o names because P. sumneriana
January t o M a y , often under Cedrus,
5 9 (1907).
This fungus was first n a m e d as Peziza lanuginosa
var.
sumneri
large
ascospores
was described as 'in pinetis'
whilst Geopora
and 'Autumno'
occurs in
arenosa
(Fuckel, 1 8 6 5 ,
(Berkeley, 1 8 6 6 ; Berkeley & B r o o m e , 1 8 6 6 ) , but renamed as P.
1 8 6 6 ) . W e prefer t o continue using the well established n a m e
sumneriana
in
P. lanuginosa
P. lanuginosa
lanuginosa
b y C o o k e ( 1 8 7 7 ) , referring t o one o f his figures o f
(Cooke, 1 8 7 6 : Fig. I l l ) and his previous t e x t for
British
literature
for
this
fungus
pending
further
G e o p o r a t e n u i s (Fuckel) T . Schumach. in Norwegian
] . Bot.
investigation.
var. sumneri ( C o o k e , 1 8 7 6 ) . T h e varietal name, P.
var. sumneri,
has no priority o v e r C o o k e ' s species
name (ICBN, Art. 11.2). Later combinations should h a v e cited
C o o k e ( 1 8 7 7 ) as the reference but all o f them cited only
Humaria
tenuis Fuckel in ]b. nassau.
Ver-Naturk.
23—24.: 322
(1870).
C o o k e ' s Fig. 1 1 1 .
T h e combination o f Geopora
2 6 : 5 6 (1979).
sumneriana
b y D e La T o r r e
Peziza tenuis (Fuckel) C o o k e in Grevillea
3 : 7 3 , Fig. 9 7 ( 1 8 7 4 ) .
British
74
Geopora
Sepultaria
tenuis (Fuckel) Boud., Icon. Mycol,
Liste Prelim.: (3)
Byssonectria
[without pagination] ( 1 9 0 4 ) .
semiimmersa
(P. Karst.) Benkert in Gledilschia
15:
181 (1987).
This is a reddish species, out o f place in Geopora.
It appears to
( 1 9 7 9 ) is in fact the h o l o t y p e as o n l y o n e collection ('F. rh.
be
and
further
2 2 8 9 ' ) was m e n t i o n e d in the p r o t o l o g u e . T h e c o n c e p t o f
investigation is required t o establish an appropriate
generic
D e n n i s ( 1 9 6 0 , 1 9 7 8 ) for this species is followed here but with
placement for these t w o species.
The
lectotype
o f this
species designated
by
Schumacher
l o n g e r apothecial hairs than t h o s e described from the
congeneric
with
Peziza
patavina
Cooke,
type
Rhenani
W e thank R. K. Brummitt (Royal B o t a n i c Gardens, K e w ) for
N o . 2 2 8 9 in K is exhausted and n o o t h e r authentic material o f
nomenclatural discussions and Professor D . L. H a w k s w o r t h
this species has been seen b y the present authors.
(International
(Schumacher, 1 9 7 9 ) . T h e e x a m p l e o f Fuckel's Fungi
Mycological
Institute,
Egham)
for
general
c o m m e n t s o n the manuscript. T h i s w o r k is supported b y a
Sepultaria
a r e n i c o l a var. b l o x a m i i ( C o o k e ) Boud.,
Classific.
Discomyc.
Europe:
Hist.
grant ( G R 3 / 8 2 8 4 )
from the Natural E n v i r o n m e n t Research
Council for the project ' T h e A s c o m y c e t e s o f G r e a t Britain and
59 ( 1 9 0 7 ) .
Ireland'.
Peziza
arenosa
var. bloxamii
1 2 1 ( 1 8 7 6 ) [as
C o o k e , Mycographia
1 : 6 8 , Fig.
'bloxami'}.
REFERENCES
Lachnea
arenicola
var. bloxamii
Discomyc:
2 1 1 (1887)
( C o o k e ) W . Phillips, Man.
Brit.
[as:•''bloxami').
Examination o f the t y p e o f this t a x o n labelled ' Peziza
sepulta,
L i v e r p o o l ' in K s h o w s it t o h a v e ellipsoid to elongate-ellipsoid
ascospores 2 2 - 0 - 2 5 - 5 ( - 2 7 - 0 ) x 1 3 - 0 - 1 5 - 0 pm. W e a g r e e with
M a s s e e ( 1 8 9 5 ) that this is a s y n o n y m o f G.
Boudier
(1907)
Mycographia
referred
his
Cooke's
Fig. 1 2 1 , but also erroneously t o Saccardo's Syll.
Fung. 1 1 : 3 9 3 , w h e r e Geopyxis
(Grevillea
to
bloxamii
[as 'bloxami'}
Massee
2 2 : 9 8 , 1 8 9 4 ) was listed. M a s s e e ' s species, from
O x f o r d (Baxter), on the ground, was described w i t h o u t a n y
connection
with
Cooke's
fungus
which
was
from
near
Liverpool, a m o n g s t sand.
Peziza geaster
Europe:
Class.
59 ( 1 9 0 7 ) .
Berk. & B r o o m e in Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist. Ser. 3,
7: 4 4 9 ( 1 8 6 1 ) , non R a b e n h o r s t ( 1 8 6 7 ) .
Lachnea
geaster
Discomyc:
The
(Berk. & B r o o m e ) W . Phillips, Man.
Brit.
2 1 0 (1887).
h o l o t y p e material, labelled as 'Peziza
Wentworth,
Oct.
9
1858',
in
K,
geaster
displays
B. & B.,
ellipsoid
to
e l o n g a t e ellipsoid ascospores 22-0—25-5 x 13-0—14-5 pm, and
represents G. arenicola.
W e agree with Lundell & Nannfeldt
( 1 9 4 1 ) and with Kers ( 1 9 7 4 ) , w h o
s y n o n y m o f G. arenicola.
published
as a n e w
treated P. geaster
as a
It m a y b e n o t e d that this t a x o n was
species twice b y
the
same
authors
(Berkeley & B r o o m e , 1 8 6 1 , 1 8 6 6 ) .
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semiimmersa
P. Karst., Not.
Fauna
Fl. Fenn.
1 0 : 117
(1869).
Humaria
semiimmersa
(P. Karst.) S a c c ,
Syll.
Fung.
8:
143
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