m
•
•
* •
• 4 4
• • •
Look at the mother polar bear and her cub. What are some things they have in common?
They both have thick fur that looks white. They both have black noses. Both bears have
large paws with sharp claws.
The two bears also have things in common that you
cannot see in the picture. The mother and her cub hunt
seals for food. They are both good swimmers. They
also have an excellent sense of smell.
_
offspring: the
Parents and offspring of
child or offshoot
other organisms are also alike
from a parent
in many ways. They share
1
trait: an internal
or external
characteristic or
feature
certain features, or traits. Many
of these traits help organisms survive in their environment. For
example, a polar bear's fur helps it blend in with the snow and keep
it warm in its cold habitat. Her sense of smell helps the mother bear
find food when she is hunting.
Why do parents and offspring have so many traits in common? How are these traits passed
from one generation to the next?
What features do organisms inherit from their parents?
reproduction:
Many living things inherit, or get, certain traits from their parents.
the process by
Inherited traits are passed from parent to offspring during
which parents
reproduction. Many external features of an organism are inherited.
make offspring
This is why different groups of organisms look so different. Think about
types of birds. A flamingo inherits long legs and a long, curved neck
from its parents. An eagle inherits sharp claws and a sharp, curved beak from its parents.
Plants also pass on inherited traits such as leaf shape and size. For example, a maple leaf is
wide. A fern leaf is long and narrow. These leaf shapes are inherited from the parent tree.
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.
1
Some inherited traits are not how it looks, but instead what an organism can do. For
example, some organisms, such as plants, inherit the ability to make their own food. Cats
such as lions and tigers inherit the desire to hunt for
food. House cats may hunt birds or mice, even though
their owners give them pet food! Scientists think that
even facial expressions are inherited. People who are
born blind still naturally smile and frown, even without
seeing other people do it.
What features are learned behaviors?
Not all features are passed from parent to offspring.
Think of animals that can do tricks. Some dogs will
sit, stay, or roll over if humans give them commands.
Some dolphins can jump through rings. These behaviors did not come from the organisms'
parents. These behaviors are learned. Learned behaviors are changes made by an
organism in response to its environment.
Parents or other adults can help teach their offspring learned
behavior. For example, human parents often teach children certain
manners, like sitting up straight or saying please. Children are not
born with these manners. They have to learn them. The same is true
about reading. Reading is not an inherited trait. Adults teach other
humans to read.
Look at the picture of the seal. What is one feature that the seal
inherited from its parents? What is one feature that it learned?
sti
Many parts of an organism's physical appearance are inherited. However, some physical
features are not inherited. For example, if an organism cuts or burns itself, it may develop
a scar. This scar did not come from its parents. The same is true of a broken bone or dying
your hair a different color. Those changes came from an interaction with the environment.
This physical feature will not pass on to the next generation. Think of your own physical
features. Do you have any that came from interactions with the environment?
• 01'44,
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88448
48484
48
4
Let's learn about inherited traits and learned behaviors in your class.
1. Which of these traits or behaviors do you have? Write your answers on a piece of
paper.
• have dimples/don't have dimples
• can play an instrument/can't play an instrument
• have freckles/don't have freckles
• can roll tongue/can't roll tongue
• have hanging earlobes/have attached earlobes
• have a scar/don't have a scar
• can ride a bicycle/can't ride a bicycle
2. Compare your answers with a partner. Are their differences in your answers?
3. With your partner, discuss which features are inherited and which are learned.
Check your answers with your teacher or ask an adult to help you find the answer
online.
4. If possible, count how many people in your class have each feature. Which features
are the most common?
Career Corner: Animal Breeders
Why do some sheep produce more wool
than others? Why do some dogs have floppy
ears and some have pointed ears? In many
cases, humans have changed the traits
these animals have over time. Humans that
work with animals' inherited traits are called
animal breeders. Animal breeders change
inherited traits by choosing which animals
should reproduce. The breeders choose
animals that have valuable traits. The goal
is for these parents to pass on their valuable
traits to their offspring. Sometimes breeders
choose two parents with very different
features in order to produce offspring with a
unique mix of traits.
Animal breeders work with many different types of animals. For example, they breed
horses to produce offspring that are very fast and can run in horse races. Animal breeders
also breed farm animals. They try to create offspring that produce more of the goods
that humans use, such as milk and wool. Breeders also work with threatened species in
zoos. They try to make sure the animals produce offspring. In this way, they try to help the
species continue.
lirOPA
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3r
What Do You Know?
Look at the pictures of the organisms below. Find the features from the box that match the
organism in each picture. Decide whether each feature is inherited or learned. Write the
feature in the correct column next to the matching organism.
Features
• stays on command
• plays football
• curly hair
• jumps through a hoop
• balances on a ball
• fins on the back and tail
• reddish-brown hair
• wrinkled, gray skin
Inherited
Organism
Learned
o
0
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 0 0 at 0 0 OOOOOO 0 0 0 0 al 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 48 0 0 49 a a ea OOOOOO
4
Ilb44,
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•
Family Traits Interview
To help students learn more about inherited
traits and learned behaviors, have them
interview a parent and child you know who
are biologically related. Before the interview,
brainstorm a list of questions to ask about
inherited traits and learned behaviors.
Recall that inherited traits are features
passed genetically from parent to child and
learned behaviors are actions that a child
learns to do from experience or instruction.
For example, students may ask about
inherited traits like eye color, hair color, hair
texture, or dimples. They may ask about
learned behaviors such as playing sports or
instruments. Students should ask the parent
and child the same questions in order to
compare their traits and behaviors. Make
sure students do not ask about any issues
that are too personal or sensitive. You may
wish to share the questions beforehand with
the relative you are interviewing.
Here are some questions to discuss with
students:
• In what ways are the parent and child
alike? Which of these features are
inherited and which are learned?
• Why might the parent and child share
certain learned behaviors?
• What traits might the child pass on to his
or her offspring?
Go with students to conduct the interview.
Have students record their responses in a
notebook. After the interview, help students
complete a Venn diagram showing which
features the parent and child share and
which features they do not.
,T lkdk
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a r ing.
Traits
Organisms and Environments
STUDENT REFERENCE SHEET
What does it mean to "learn" something?
What does it mean to "inherit" something?
0*A
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Traits
Organisms and Environments
Date.
Name.
ENGAGE 1JDENL HEILW
Learned Behavior
Inherited Trait
Strong beak
Blue feathers
Whistle Mary Had a
Little Lamb
Say "Hello"
Scales on both feet
Ruffle or "fluff up"
feathers
Bob head up and down
on command
Make the sound of
a doorbell
Crack seeds with beak
Fly
Short and long feathers
Two wings
14
4
A
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Traits
Organisms and Environments
Date:
Name'
Group'
LIE-ASSESSVIENI:
1
Which of these is a learned behavior in humans?
A
Having brown eyes
Being tall
Needing food
Playing soccer
2
This dolphin' s traits are labeled in the image.
All of the labeled traits were inherited EXCEPT -
A
blowhole
snout
tail
scars
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V
PRE-ASSESSMENT
3
Traits
Organisms and Environments
A student made observations of a rose bush in the school yard
and recorded them in a science notebook.
) nervations of Ro_o_e_eush
_11
Pik flowers
Insects on stein
Planted in dry soil
Leaves blowing in wind
Which observation is of a trait that the rose bush will pass on to
its offspring?
A
Pink flowers
Insects on stem
Dry soil
Blowing leaves
4
Which of these traits is a learned behavior in an elephant?
A
Having large ears
Digging holes to find water
Living in a warm climate
Breathing air with lungs
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PRE-ASSESSMENT
5
Traits
Organisms and Environments
Which of the following is an example of a behavior an animal
inherits from its parents?
A
Parrot saying "hello"
Dog begging at the table
Salmon swimming in a river
Elephant balancing on a ball
A
:Accelerate
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Traits
Organisms and Environments.
STUDEN1 UIDE
Traits
How Can we Classify Traits and Behaviors as Inherited or Learned?
Part I: Traits Cards
1. Examine your cards.
2. Decide whether the picture shows an inherited trait or learned behavior.
3. Record the description on Part I of your Student Journal.
4. Support your decision with an explanation.
5. Answer the questions under the chart.
Part II: Student Traits
1. Try to find one classmate for each of the traits listed on Part II of your Student
Journal. Write the student's name in the box.
2. After finding a classmate for each trait, color the inherited traits red and the
learned behaviors blue.
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II
Traits
Organisms and Environments
STUDENT REFERENCE SHEET
Rolling
your
tongue
Guide dog leading a human
Chimpanzee using a tool
12.
vt
:Accelerate
*„„ 4 ; Learning - e
Dolphin jumping
through a hoop
STUDENT REFERENCE SHEET
Traits
Organisms and Environments
Attached or
unattached
earlobe
Color of your eyes
Color of a goldfish
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-...Learning -
Shape and color of a leaf
13
STUDENT REFERENCE SHEET
Traits
Organisms and Environments
A parrot saying "Hello!"
Freckles
Playing a musical instrument
Reading a book
Pf.
411.
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-01
7% IA
es ---4.**I0.0 .104Alwft *1 it-1M 0/000-4•94
STUDENT REFERENCE SHEET
Traits
Organisms and Environments
Riding a
bicycle
Dimples
A seal
balancing
a ball on
its nose
Writing an essay
/5-
ir 1* A
*A4, Accelerate
p„ j..earntng.
' 1$
Traits
Organisms and Environments
Date.
Name:
ItL
."
UDEN' ' JOURNAL
Traits
How Can We Classify Traits and Behaviors as Inherited or Learned?
Part I: Traits Cards
Inherited Traits
How do you know these are
inherited traits?
,
Learned Behaviors
How do you know these are
learned behaviors?
What is the difference between inherited traits and learned behaviors? How can
you tell the difference?
16
O'A
•A
• Accelerate
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Traits
Organisms and Environments
UDENri JOURNAL
Part II: Student Traits
Color the boxes with inherited traits red and learned behaviors blue.
Has curly hair
Has green eyes
Plays an
instrument
Has detached
earlobes
Can do the
moonwalk
Has blonde hair
Is the tallest in
the class
Has brown eyes
Can play cards
Is right-handed
Has dimples
Can roll tongue
Has an allergy
Has freckles
Can write in
cursive
Has a widow's
peak
Has attached
earlobes
Has the right
thumb over the
left when
clasping hands
Has a cleft chin
Can do a
cartwheel
Is left-handed
Can play
basketball
Has brown hair
Can speak
another language
A
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Date'
Name:
CONTENT CONNECTIONS COMPANION
Traits
1. Directions: Make a list of inherited physical traits and acquired physical traits of your favorite
animal and plants.
Inherited Trait
Acquired Trait
2. Directions: Make a list of inherited traits you received from your parents and a list of learned
behaviors you have learned by experience.
Inherited Traits from Parents
Is
4
A
A
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Learned Behaviors from Experience
Date•
Name:
READIN 5CIEN4
Lenny and the Lionfish
Lexile 540L
1
One hot summer day, Lenny was eating breakfast.
2
His dad said, "I have got a surprise for you! We are
going to the aquarium!"
3
Lenny was surprised. "You mean, like the aquarium
we have in my classroom?"
4
Lenny's dad chuckled. "No, that aquarium is just a
small tank. The one I am talking about is a place
where we can go to look at marine life. It is like a zoo
for fish and other water animals."
5
Lenny loved animals, so as soon as breakfast was finished, he was ready to go. He and his
dad walked to the city train and then rode to the aquarium. There, they saw many different
types of animals, such as clownfish and seahorses. There was even a tank where Lenny
could touch different animals and plants.
6
Lenny's favorite at the aquarium was the lionfish. It had beautiful stripes and pointy spines.
7
One of the marine biologists stopped when he saw Lenny staring into the lionfish tank.
8
"You really like that one, huh?" said the scientist. "It's my favorite, too. Hi, I'm Dan."
9
"Hi, Dan. I am Lenny. What does it eat?" asked Lenny.
10
"It eats other fish. Lionfish inherit a weapons system from their parents. See those spines?
Those are full of venom, and the lionfish is a very efficient predator. It herds other fish into
a corner, attacks, and then swallows them whole. In fact, a lionfish can eat 20 small fish in
under 30 minutes."
11
"Whoa!" said Lenny.
12
"I, just got back from the Caribbean," said Dan. "I saw a lot of lionfish there. They are
causing a lot of damage to the fish in the reef."
A
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READING ,JCIEN
4.10B: Traits
Organisms and Environments
Continued
13
Lenny was confused. But the information card says that lionfish are from the Pacific
Ocean and the Indian Ocean. They are both far away from the Caribbean."
14
"Good thinking," said Dan. "Do you have any idea how the lionfish could have ended up
so far from their natural home? What's your hypothesis?"
15
"Maybe someone had a lionfish as a pet and didn't want it anymore. Maybe they just let it
go in the water?" responded Lenny.
16
"You are close. We think the lionfish showed up in 1992. That is when Hurricane Andrew
came through. We think that the hurricane damaged a private aquarium allowing six
lionfish to be released into the sea."
17
"How could only six lionfish cause such a problem for the other fish?" said Lenny.
18
"Well," said Dan. "As I said, the lionfish has inherited traits that make it a very effective
predator. The Caribbean reef fish were not used to lionfish. They had not learned
behaviors that would allow them to escape the lionfish. So, those six lionfish multiplied
into a big population. The problem has really grown!"
19
Lenny looked back at the lionfish drifting in the water. It was still beautiful, but now Lenny
understood how dangerous a predator it could be.
20
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READING SCIENCr
4.10B: Traits
Organisms and Environments
Why did Lenny's dad chuckle when Lenny said, "Like the aquarium we
have in my classroom?" (third paragraph)
1
A
Lenny told a joke.
He realized that Lenny did not like aquariums.
He realized that Lenny thought they were going to visit a small
tank, like the one at school.
He realized that Lenny thought all schools had aquariums.
What do you think Dan probably does at his job?
2
A
He sells tickets to the aquarium.
He cleans the tanks at the aquarium.
He studies marine life.
We can't tell from the information in the story.
Why is the lionfish such a successful predator in the Caribbean?
3
A
It has spines that hold venom.
It knows how to herd other fish into corners.
Other fish have not learned to escape it.
All of the above.
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A
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21
4.10B: Traits
READING SCIENCE
4
Organisms and Environments
True or false: There are only six lionfish in the Caribbean today.
A
True. Only six escaped from the aquarium during the hurricane.
False. The lionfish in the Caribbean probably had offspring, who
also had offspring, and so on.
False. All of the lionfish are dead.
This question cannot be answered with the information from the
passage.
5
How do Lenny's feelings about the lionfish change over the course of the
passage?
A
The lionfish is Lenny's favorite, but as he learns more about it,
he understands it can also be dangerous.
Lenny does not like the lionfish until he learns what a dangerous
predator it can be.
Lenny thinks the lionfish is neat, but he loves it even more when
he realizes it is dangerous.
Lenny prefers the clownfish at first but learns to like the lionfish.
22
A
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Traits
Organisms and Environments
Date.
Name:
CLOZE-ING I ON SCIEEL
Key Concept 1: Some likenesses are inherited from parent to
offspring, while other likenesses are acquired.
Passage: Use the words from the bank to fill in the blanks in the
passage below. Some of the words may not be used.
. An
Offspring inherit certain traits from their
is a characteristic that is passed from
parents to offspring. For example, a puppy inherits four legs, two
ears, and a tail from its parents. However, that same puppy may
learn to fetch a paper and do tricks. This is an example of a
. A learned behavior is a behavior that
an animal develops by observing other animals or by being taught.
Word Bank
trait
learned
behavior
offspring
inherited
parents
Illustration
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riNE-ING IN ON SCIENCE
Traits
Organisms and Environments
Key Concept 2: Inherited characteristics include eye color in
humans or shapes of leaves in plants.
Passage: Use the words from the bank to fill in the blanks in the
passage below. Some of the words may not be used.
The traits of children are determined by the traits passed on from their
. It is often easy to determine inherited traits in
family members, but what about traits that go unnoticed? You may have
many of the same traits as your classmates, although you are not directly
related to those individuals. Examples of inherited human traits include
the ability to roll your tongue, attached or unattached
dimples, and naturally curly or straight
. Plants also inherit traits such as the
of their leaves.
and
Word Bank
arms
color
hair
earlobes
Illustrate an inherited trait of an animal.
24
A
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shape
parents
CLOZE-ING IN 0 SLIL. i
Traits
Organisms and Environments
ck
Key Concept 3: Learned behaviors include having table
manners and reading or speaking a language, as well as animals
performing tricks on command.
Passage: Use the words from the bank to fill in the blanks in the
passage below. Some of the words may not be used.
from your
You are born with traits that you have
parents. However, there are behaviors that you will learn as you develop.
Children have to learn how to use a fork, how to speak a language, and
behavior is a behavior that you develop
how to read. A
by observing other humans or by being taught. Animals also learn
behavior. For example, a colt is born knowing how to stand and walk. Yet,
to wear a saddle. Dolphins are
a colt will need to
, but trainers at SeaWorld can
born knowing how to
teach them to do tricks.
Word Bank
learn
swim
inherited
fly
talk
learned
Illustrate a learned behavior.
A
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25.
Traits
Organisms and Environments
Date'
Name:
CONCEPT ATTAINMENT
I. Vocabulary Matching
New organisms that come from
parent organisms
A.
Inherited Trait
B.
Learned
Behavior
C.
Generation
A single step in the line of descent
from an ancestor
A characteristic that has been passed
from parents to offspring.
Offspring
A behavior that is developed by
observing others or by being taught
II. Identification
A child is able to speak English. This is an example of a(n)
A dog has been taught to sit on command. This is an example of a(n)
A cat is born with white fur. This is an example of a(n)
A rose plant has thorns. This is an example of a(n)
A cat runs to the kitchen when she hears the can opener. This is an example
of a(n)
26
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44
e,
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1
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4.10B: Traits
Organisms and Environments
Date'
Name:
PEN-ENDED RESPONSL
Short Answer
1
Give three examples of traits that a kitten would inherit from its mother.
2
A woman with brown hair goes to the beauty salon to have her hair colored
blond. She now has blond hair. Can she pass on blond hair to her children?
Explain why or why not.
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4
A
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27%
EN-ENDED RESPSE
Essay
This surfer wasn't born knowing how to surf.
He learned how by watching others and practicing
on his own. Describe five different hobbies or
sports that take time to learn and master.
28
y '0A
A
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4.10B: Traits
Organisms and Environments
Traits
Organisms and Environments
Date
Name:
WEB SURFIN(i
Part I: instinct or Environment
1. How are an inherited trait (instinct) and a learned characteristic different?
2. Write an "L" for learned or "I" for instinct next to each behavior.
A cat purrs.
A tree grows in the direction the wind blows.
A parrot talks.
Birds migrate south in the winter.
A child speaks Spanish.
Lizards sun themselves on rocks.
Dogs like to eat meat.
A chicken rings a bell for seed.
Squirrels store food for winter.
Beavers build dams.
4
A
0•4i.
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2,c1
WEB SURFING SCIEK
2.1
Traits
Organisms and Environments
Part II: Behavior Activity
3. What is instinct?
4. What is imitation?
5. What did Pavlov' s dog learn to do when the bell rang? Why did this happen?
6. If a parrot copies what you say, which type of behavior is it showing?
7. Conditioning is what type of behavior?
Part III: Hey, Where Did You Get That From?
Note: Learned behaviors can also be called acquired traits.
8. Can you pass acquired traits on to your offspring?
9. List four acquired traits discussed in the article, include one for plants.
10. Where do organisms get their inherited traits
Ii .List four inherited traits.
12. Finish the sentence. All plants and animals that reproduce
0'44
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YI 4
4
4.10B: Traits
Organisms and Environments
Date'
Name:
PROJ7( T-BASED LEARNING
It's a Tough World Out There!
Background Information
It's definitely a tough world out there, and all
creatures have their own special way of
protecting themselves from predators. All
animals need to eat to survive but must
also be aware of being eaten themselves.
To protect themselves, animals have certain
defense mechanisms that help them
survive in the wild. Some of these are
inherited traits and some of them are
learned traits.
Guiding Points
Design a page for a book about animals with
strange traits.
1. Choose one animal and identify its strange
traits.
2. Determine if each of the traits are learned
or inherited.
3. Describe how the traits are used in the
wild.
Fun Facts
A horned lizard can shoot blood from its eyes
from a distance of three feet. The hairy frog,
or "horror frog," intentionally breaks its own
bones to produce a set of cat-like claws.
4
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Inherited means it is passed on from the
parent to the offspring. For instance, a dart
frog secretes a poisonous chemical from its
skin. If it is eaten, it will cause its predator
to get very sick. This makes it a very
unwelcome meal. This type of trait is
passed on from generation to generation.
Some animals rely on learned traits or
behaviors. Have you ever heard of "playing
possum"? When a possum feels threatened
or is frightened, it will roll over on its back
and pretend to be dead. This will put off its
attacker and give it a chance to get away. A
possum is not born with this behavior. It has
to learn it.
There are many bizarre and strange
defense mechanisms in the animal
kingdom. For instance, a sea cucumber will
squirt its insides out to defend itself and
then grow a new stomach!
© 2014 -2016 Accelerate Learning - All Rights Reserved
31.
4.10B: Traits
Organisms and Environments
PROJELLi -BASED [EARNING
Student Checklist
Presentation
Content
Organization
• I included details
covered in the Key
Concepts as well as
other important concepts
I learned.
• I organized my final
presentation with an
introduction, body, and
conclusion.
• My project has a neat
appearance. My
handwriting is legible,
and I used correct
grammar.
• I checked my material to
make sure it was
accurate. I used more
than one resource.
Ei The pictures or drawings
I included make sense
with the content of my
project.
0 I used illustrations to
make my project
attractive.
• I connected what I
learned in science with
the problem or issue in
the prompt.
• I made sure to include
my science vocabulary
properly and in the right
context.
,
• I can easily discuss my
project with someone
who asks me questions
about it.
Assessment Rubric
Exceeds
Expectations
(3 points)
Meets
Expectations
(2 points)
Below
Expectations
(1 point)
Student included detail
on all components and
SCOPE Key Concepts
and used multiple
sources.
Student included detail
on most components
and SCOPE Key
Concepts and used one
to two sources.
Student included little to
no detail on components
and SCOPE Key
Concepts, and no
sources were identified.
Student correctly used
all SCOPE vocabulary in
a clearly structured
format.
Student correctly used
most SCOPE
vocabulary, and content
is understandable.
Student correctly used
little to no SCOPE
vocabulary and did not
organize content.
Final product has a neat
appearance with
detailed illustrations,
Student can easily
discuss project findings,
Final product is clearly
presented with at least
one illustration, and
student can talk about
project findings,
Final product is not
neatly presented and
lacks illustrations.
Student requires
prompting to discuss
findings.
32 Accelerate
0;,„ Learning-
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