III. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
A.
OVERVIEW OF ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
The project site is located in Century City, a highly urbanized regional center on the
westside of the City of Los Angeles. The following is a summary of the general environmental
setting on and around the project site. More complete and specific discussions are contained
under each respective section, as presented in Section IV of this Draft EIR.
1. Aesthetics/Visual Resources
(a) Visual Quality/Views
Located within Century City, the project site is situated in a highly urbanized area
characterized by distinctive mid- and high-rise buildings. The physical setting of Century City
consists of rolling terrain, which is generally higher in elevation than adjacent areas to the north
and south. Since the cluster of high-rise buildings in Century City is higher than the built
environment of the surrounding area, and because the ground elevation of Century City is
generally higher than the surrounding terrain, the predominant high-rise structures of Century
City, which are visible from a great distance throughout the Los Angeles Basin, create a
distinctive component of the West Los Angeles urban skyline. Notable buildings in the vicinity
include the twin 44-story Century Plaza towers, the 36-story MGM Tower, the 39-story AIGSunAmerica Building, the two 23-story Watt Plaza towers, the 39-story Fox Plaza building, and
the 19-story Century Plaza Hotel. Other notable features in the vicinity of the site include
landscaped setbacks, plazas, fountains, streetscape, and pedestrian bridges across Avenue of the
Stars, a designated scenic highway. With its scenic corridor designation, Avenue of the Stars
and its landscape bordered by high-rise development are considered aesthetic resources in this
urban context.
The project site currently consists of the Westfield Century City Shopping Center, a mix
of one- to four-story retail, restaurant, and cinema buildings fronting Santa Monica Boulevard,
Century Park West, and Constellation Boulevard; a five-story 1930 Century Park West office
building located at the southwest corner of the project site; and the 13-story 1801 Avenue of the
Stars office building located at the northeast corner of the project site.
Several buildings along the Westfield Century City Shopping Center’s and Constellation
Boulevard frontages have undergone recent renovation and are characterized by modern
buildings over a partially subterranean parking plaza. Due to recent construction along these
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frontages, existing landscaping consists primarily young street trees along Century Park West
and portions of Constellation Boulevard. A mix of young and mature street trees and landscape
are located along Santa Monica Boulevard, reflecting recent construction and street
improvements along Santa Monica Boulevard. More mature landscape is located along the
project’s Avenue of the Stars frontage. A pedestrian bridge crosses Avenue of the Stars at the
south edge of the 1801 Avenue of the Stars building. The low-rise elements of the project site
are visible only from adjacent streets, although rooftops of the existing uses are visible from
adjacent high-rise buildings. The 1801 Avenue of the Stars building is visible from off-site areas
to the north and west, including the Los Angeles Country Club Golf Course, since it is located at
the north edge of the existing Century City high-rise cluster.
(b) Light, Glare, and Shading
Existing nighttime lighting within the project vicinity consists of streetlights and
illuminated building signs, light spillage from high-rise buildings, security lighting, architectural
lighting on building facades and in landscaped areas, and vehicle headlamps. Illuminated
signage, including building identification signs and billboards or other types of advertising
signage, and streetlights occur within commercial areas along the length of Santa Monica
Boulevard to the east and west of the project site. Nighttime illumination is lowest in the area’s
single-family residential neighborhoods and open space areas such as the Los Angeles Country
Club golf course. In the more immediate vicinity of the project, sensitive uses with respect to
artificial or nighttime light and glare are the residential neighborhoods located to the north of
Santa Monica Boulevard and to the west of Century Park West, and the Century Plaza Hotel.
Daytime glare is generally associated with reflected sunlight from buildings with highly
reflective surfaces. Land uses that would be sensitive to daytime glare from reflected sunlight
include motorists traveling on the adjacent roadways and adjacent office uses. No buildings on
the project site are known to generate daytime glare since these structures do not feature
reflective glass, shiny surfaces, or metal or other reflective materials in the building façades.
From the adjacent thoroughfare (Santa Monica Boulevard), the most visible building on the
project site is the 13-story 1801 Avenue of the Stars building. The surface detailing on this
building is articulated by broad horizontal lines that break up the surface plane and reduce
reflectivity. As such, this building is not a source of substantial glare.
The concentration of high-rise buildings in the Century City Regional Center creates a
varying pattern of shadows that rotates in a sweeping arc within and beyond the boundaries of
Century City toward the west, north, and east, according to the movement of the sun. Century
City’s shadows primarily extend beyond Century City into the surrounding area during the early
morning and late afternoon hours throughout the year. Shading increases with proximity to
Century City’s commercial core that is centered to the east of Avenue of the Stars. Shadows
generated by the project site’s low-rise retail uses and the existing five-story and 13-story
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buildings do not extend beyond existing shadows generated by surrounding high-rise towers. As
such, existing buildings do not generate any off-site shading patterns unique to these existing
buildings. Shade sensitive uses in the area include the multi-family and hotel uses along Santa
Monica Boulevard to the north, residential neighborhoods north of Santa Monica Boulevard, the
residential neighborhood west of Century Park West, the Century Woods multi-family
neighborhood located to the south of Constellation Boulevard, and the residential neighborhoods
south of Olympic Boulevard. Residential neighborhoods in the City of Beverly Hills and
Beverly Hills High School, east of the project site, are also considered shade-sensitive uses.
Shade-sensitive recreational uses in the area include the Los Angeles Country Club golf course;
outdoor recreational or dining areas at the Century Plaza Hotel, including the outdoor swimming
pool; and the Roxbury Recreation Center in the City of Beverly Hills.
2. Air Quality
The proposed project is located within the South Coast Air Basin (Basin), an
approximately 6,745 square-mile area bounded by the Pacific Ocean to the west and the San
Gabriel, San Bernardino, and San Jacinto Mountains to the north and east. The Basin includes
all of Orange County and the non-desert portions of Los Angeles, Riverside, and San Bernardino
Counties, in addition to the San Gorgonio Pass area in Riverside County. Its terrain and
geographical location determine the distinctive climate of the Basin, as the Basin is a coastal
plain with connecting broad valleys and low hills.
The southern California region lies in the semi-permanent high-pressure zone of the
eastern Pacific. As a result, the climate is mild, tempered by cool sea breezes. The usually mild
climatological pattern is interrupted infrequently by periods of extremely hot weather, winter
storms, or Santa Ana winds. The extent and severity of the air pollution problem in the Basin is
a function of the area’s natural physical characteristics (weather and topography), as well as
man-made influences (development patterns and lifestyle). Factors such as wind, sunlight,
temperature, humidity, rainfall, and topography all affect the accumulation and dispersion of
pollutants throughout the Basin, making it an area of high pollution potential.
The greatest air pollution impacts throughout the Basin occur from June through
September. This condition is generally attributed to the large amount of pollutant emissions,
light winds, and shallow vertical atmospheric mixing. This frequently reduces pollutant
dispersion, thus causing elevated air pollution levels. Pollutant concentrations in the Basin vary
with location, season, and time of day. Ozone concentrations, for example, tend to be lower
along the coast, higher in the near inland valleys, and lower in the far inland areas of the Basin
and adjacent desert. Over the past 30 years, substantial progress has been made in reducing air
pollution levels in southern California.
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3. Historic Resources
The project site consists of the existing Westfield Century City Shopping Center at
10250 Santa Monica Boulevard, and two adjacent properties addressed as 1801 Avenue of the
Stars and 1930 Century Park West.
The Westfield Century City Shopping Center consists of a two-level parking structure
topped by an open-air promenade anchored by a pair of three-and four-level department stores.
The Shopping Center was designed by the architectural firm of Welton Becket and Associates.
Visual inspection, historic photographs, original plans, and newspaper articles show that the
Westfield Century City Shopping Center has undergone numerous additions, alterations, and
demolitions since it first opened in 1964. The only remaining elements of Westfield Century
City Shopping Center that are consistent with Welton Becket’s design are: the locations and
structural skeletons of the central anchor department store and the two remaining, one-story retail
buildings sited near the northeast corner of the property; pedestrian circulation patterns; open-air
promenades; a two-level covered parking garage and the north parking garage entrance. Due to
the extensive modifications to the shopping center, there is little historic fabric associated with
the property remaining. In addition, within the history of shopping center design and the work of
Welton Becket, the Westfield Century City Shopping Center does not stand out as a work of
distinction or importance. Overall, the shopping center does not retain sufficient integrity or
significance to be recommended considered potentially eligible for listing in the federal, state or
local or local registers and is not considered an historic resource.
The 1801 Avenue of the Stars building within the project site was completed in 1963 and
was designed by the architectural firm of Welton Becket and Associates. The 1801 Avenue of the
Stars building contains 13-stories with a rectangular footprint surrounded by a wide concrete plaza,
which is raised above street grade. The building is a representative example of a corporate Modern
office building and includes use of aluminum throughout. Characteristic features of type and style
such as the building’s reinforced-concrete construction; flat roof with parapet; symmetrical,
modular pattern of bays; a sealed-unit curtain wall glazing system; anodized aluminum metal
elements; and ground and second floor setbacks remain in good condition. Overall, the exterior
appearance of the subject property indicates a high degree of integrity. However, much of the
interior has been repeatedly remodeled to accommodate changes in tenants.
As discussed in detail in Section IV.C., Historic Resources, a conservative assessment
may conclude that 1801 Avenue of the Stars is a potential historic resource. The building at
1801 Avenue of the Stars appears ineligible for the National Register. However, while the
property’s candidacy for the California Register is mixed with clear arguments both for and
against, a conservative assessment promotes a conclusion that the property is an historical
resource and is potentially eligible. Specifically, the building is representative of a design type
that is characteristic of a particular period in state architectural history, and the building is also
the product of an important creative individual’s firm, Welton Becket and Associates. However,
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the building is not a widely recognized or noteworthy example within the Becket firm’s body of
work, it cannot be directly associated with Welton Becket, himself, and has outlasted the context
in Century City for which it was designed and built. In addition, the building may be considered
potentially eligible as a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument under a combination of the
City’s third and fourth criteria, though it does not appear to fully satisfy either one. The building
does embody certain distinguishing architectural characteristics of an architectural-type
specimen. In particular, it is a representative example of a Modern commercial office building in
the context of a large scale master planned corporate and commercial center in post war Southern
California. However, it cannot be argued that the building is inherently valued for a study of
period, style or method of construction, as it is representative but not a notable example of its
type. While the building is the work of a prolific architect’s firm, it is not recognized as an
exceptionally important work of the firm or the architect.
The five-story office building located at 1930 Century Park West is corporate modern in
architectural style and capped by a flat roof with recessed parapet. A period rendering of the
building, along with original descriptions of the property’s exteriors and visual inspection shows
that the building has been altered since its construction in 1966. Specifically, the upper stories of
the north and south elevations originally consisted of concrete balconies accessible from offices
on each floor. All of the balconies have been enclosed by horizontal bands of tinted glazing
within a framework of aluminum mullions. On the building’s ground floor, the outward-curving
main entrance area located on the north elevation is not original. The design and materials of the
dual entrances, glass panels, and entrance surrounds appear to have been installed in the 1990s.
1930 Century Park West is not thematically associated with Century City because it was not a
planned component of the 1961 master plan; however, it does fall within the 1958 through 1975
period of significance for the master plan. The primary thematic context for 1930 Century Park
West is the architecture of the Modern period in Los Angeles, particularly in association with the
development of Century City. The property cannot be placed under a historic milieu, nor can it
be associated with a significant person or the work of a master architect. Additionally, although
it is a product of a notable local architectural firm, Ladd and Kelsey, it is does not appear to be a
distinctive or outstanding work by the firm. The building itself, when evaluated as an individual
resource within the larger context of Century City and Los Angeles, lacks sufficient integrity and
significance to be recommended eligible for listing in the federal, state or local registers.
4. Geology and Soils
Based on current available geologic information, no active or potentially active faults
with the potential for surface fault rupture are known to be located directly beneath or projecting
toward the project site.26
26
MACTEC, “Report of Geotechnical Investigation, Proposed Phase II Expansion Westfield Shoppingtown –
Century City,” April 2007.
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The closest active fault to the project site is the Santa Monica Fault located
approximately 300 feet northwest of the site. Other nearby active faults include the Inglewood
Fault of the Newport-Inglewood Fault Zone located approximately 1.1 miles east of the site; the
Hollywood Fault located approximately 1.6 miles north of the site; and the Malibu Coast Fault
located approximately 2.0 miles west of the site. The closest potentially active fault to the
project site is the Overland Fault located approximately 0.8 mile west-southwest of the site.
Other nearby potentially active faults includes the Charnock Fault and the MacArthur Park Fault
located approximately 1.8 miles west-southwest and 6.0 miles east-northeast of the site,
respectively.
The project site is underlain up to approximately 31 feet in thickness by engineered fill
soils comprised of silts, clays, and sands. The underlying natural soils are Pleistocene age older
alluvium and consist predominantly of stiff to very stiff clays with layers of medium dense to
dense sand and silt. The on-site soil can be classified as having low to medium expansion
potential.
Groundwater is present at depths ranging from approximately 25 to 45 feet below ground
surface.27 Because the project site is currently developed with subterranean parking levels that
extend beyond the groundwater table, a permanent dewatering system is currently in place at
1801 Avenue of the Stars.
5. Hazards and Hazardous Materials
Small quantities of hazardous substances are currently used on the project site including
common cleaning, maintenance, and painting supplies, and water treatment chemicals. The
water treatment chemicals are utilized in conjunction with a groundwater dewatering system
located at 1801 Avenue of the Stars. The system removes groundwater that has infiltrated into
the parking garage’s air handling system and discharges it to the sewer. Additionally, one
5-gallon and two 25-gallon aboveground storage tanks (ASTs) and several canisters totaling
15 gallons containing diesel fuel are located on the project site in conjunction with four
emergency generators. All the substances are properly labeled and stored with no evidence of
leaks, spills, or stains. Hydraulic elevators and trash compactors are located on the project site.
However, they are serviced with hydraulic fluid that does not contain polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs).
Chapter IX, Article 1, Division 71, Section 91.7103 of the Los Angeles Municipal Code
(LAMC), also known as the Los Angeles Methane Seepage Regulations, provides requirements
for buildings and paved areas located in areas classified as being located either in a methane zone
27
Ibid.
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or a methane buffer zone. Requirements for new construction within such zones include
installing a barrier (i.e., a membrane shield) between the building and underlying earth, installing
a vent system(s) beneath the barrier and/or within the building, and installing a gas (methane)
detection system. The project site is located in a methane zone. As such, it must comply with
the Los Angeles Building Code Methane Seepage District Regulations, as required by the Los
Angeles Department of Building Safety (LADBS).
The project site is located within the boundaries of the Beverly Hills Oil Field, though no
oil wells or test holes were identified directly on the project site based on Department of Oil,
Gas, and Geothermal Resources (DOGGR) records. Groundwater is located approximately 25 to
45 feet below the ground surface at the project site and flows in a southwest direction. A
permanent dewatering system is currently in place at 1801 Avenue of the Stars as the project site
is currently developed with subterranean parking levels that extend beyond the groundwater
table.
6. Hydrology and Surface Water Quality
The project site is relatively flat with an average slope of approximately 0.5 percent. The
site is fully developed, with impervious surfaces comprising approximately 90 percent of the
site. Such impervious surfaces include buildings, plazas, walkways and parking areas. Pervious
surfaces are minimal and include ornamental landscaping.
Surface water runoff from the site is directed into an extensive storm drain collection
system in the project area. Storm drains are located in Santa Monica Boulevard, Avenue of the
Stars, Constellation Boulevard, and Century Park West. The system drains into the Ballona
Creek Flood Control Channel and eventually into the Pacific Ocean approximately six miles
away. The Ballona Creek, which is located approximately 3.5 miles to the south of the project
site, is a federally listed impaired water body.28
During a 50-year, 24-hour storm event, the project site receives approximately 6.2 inches
of rainfall.
As described in more detail in Section II, Project Description, of this Draft EIR, the
project involves redevelopment of an existing developed shopping center located on an existing
podium of underground parking. Two drainage subareas referred to as Subareas A and B were
identified for the project site by SEC Civil Engineers. Subarea A includes approximately
28
An impaired water body is a water body that is not attaining water quality standards after technology based
discharge limits on point sources have been implemented. Section 303(d) of the federal Clean Water Act requires
each state to maintain a list of impaired water bodies and revise the list from time to time.
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19.5 acres, including the existing developed shopping center and the building and surface
parking at 1930 Century Park West, and thus comprises the majority of the project site. Subarea
B includes approximately 2.4 acres and is generally comprised of the property at 1801 Avenue of
the Stars, which is also fully developed with subterranean parking. Runoff from Subarea A
generates a 50-year peak flow of approximately 43.0 cubic feet per second (cfs). This discharge
is picked up by an on-site drainage system, which flows southerly and westerly toward series of
existing catch basins which connect to the existing storm drains on Constellation Boulevard and
Century Park West. Subarea B generates a 50-year peak flow of approximately 6.8 cfs, which
flows easterly toward Avenue of the Stars where it is picked up by series of existing catch basins
which connect to the existing storm drain on the Avenue of the Stars. The site in its entirety
generates a total peak flow of 49.8 cfs during a 50-year event. All of the storm drains that serve
the project site merge and flow southerly along Century Park West. However, based on data
from SEC Civil Engineers, the 1930 Century Park West portion of project site to the southwest
drains directly to the existing public drainage system and not to the on-site drainage system.
The project site is not located within a Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
or City of Los Angeles designated 100-year flood plain and is located within an area of minimal
flooding potential according to the Federal Insurance Administration. According to the City of
Los Angeles General Plan Framework, the project area is not mapped as a potential inundation
area that may result from failure of a levee or dam, and therefore would not expose people or
structures to a significant risk of loss, injury or death involving flooding. The project site is
relatively distant from the ocean; is not in the vicinity of a reservoir, harbor, lake, or storage tank
capable of creating a seiche; and is not positioned down slope from an area of potential mudflow.
Accordingly, the project site is not mapped as an inundation or tsunami hazard area by the City
of Los Angeles.
The project site includes pollutant sources that are typical of urban areas. Similar to other
developed properties, existing stormwater runoff from the project site has the potential to
contribute oil and grease, suspended solids, gasoline, and pesticides, and other pollutants to the
stormwater conveyance system.
7. Land Use
The project site is located within the West Los Angeles community of the City of Los
Angeles, approximately 8.5 miles west of downtown Los Angeles and 6 miles northeast of the
Pacific Ocean. The project site is bounded to the north by Santa Monica Boulevard, a heavily
traveled corridor that traverses the City, Avenue of the Stars to the east, Constellation Boulevard
to the south, and Century Park West to the west. The site lies within the commercial core of
Century City, a highly urbanized area generally characterized by mid- to high-rise office
buildings, hotels, entertainment, retail, and residential uses. This dense regional center
physically contrasts with surrounding development, which consists primarily of low-rise
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commercial and residential uses. The heights of the existing structures within Westfield Century
City Shopping Center range from one story to three stories (approximately 16 to 73 feet above
the shopping center plaza).
The entire project site is designated for Regional Commercial uses within the General
Plan Framework and the West Los Angeles Community Plan, and lies within the Century City
North Specific Plan area. The site encompasses three zoning designations as follows: C2-2-O
along Avenue of the Stars (i.e., the 1801 Avenue of the Stars building); C2-1L-O extending from
Santa Monica Boulevard to Constellation Boulevard through the center of the site (i.e., the
majority of the existing shopping center); and C2-1VL-O along Century Park West (i.e., the
western portion of the shopping center and the 1930 Century Park West building). The C2
portions of these designations indicate that the site is zoned for commercial uses (multi-family
residential uses are also permitted within this zone). The second part of these zoning
designations indicates the height districts that the site is located in. Three height districts apply
to the project site: Height District No. 2 allowing for unlimited building height, Limited Height
District No. 1 (1L) restricting building heights to a maximum of 75 feet, and Very Limited
Height District No. 1 (1VL) restricting building heights to a maximum of 45 feet and three
stories. Additionally, the third part of these zoning designations indicates that the project site is
within a supplemental oil-drilling district (O). Under the Specific Plan, the site area zoned
C2-1VL-O is part of the “Buffer Area” with a permitted FAR of 4.5:1, while the site areas zoned
C2-1L-O and C2-2-0 are part of the “Core Area” with a permitted FAR of 6:1.
Land uses in the project area include a variety of primarily mid- and high-rise office,
hotel, entertainment, hospital, and residential uses. Within the same city block as the project site
along Avenue of the Stars are a 20-story office building at 1901 Avenue of the Stars and the
39-story SunAmerica office building and associated parking structure at 1999 Avenue of the
Stars. To the north of the project site across Santa Monica Boulevard are commercial and multifamily uses as well as the Los Angeles Country Club. Single-family residential uses are located
further to the north of these uses.
Across Avenue of the Stars to the east are a 13-story office building at 1800 Avenue of
the Stars, a 28-story office building at 1900 Avenue of the Stars, and a two-story commercial
building at 1950 Avenue of the Stars. Also within that block on Constellation Boulevard are a
small building located at 10131 Constellation Boulevard, an office complex with twin 23-story
structures known as Watt Plaza, a 27-story office building at 10076 Santa Monica Boulevard, a
27-story office building 1801 Century Park East, and associated surface and structured parking
lots. The buildings located at 10131 Constellation Boulevard and 1950 Avenue of the Stars are
proposed for demolition and replacement with 483 condominium units housed in two 47-story
(570-foot) towers and a 12-story (135-foot) building.
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Uses directly south of the project site include the 19-story Hyatt Regency Century Plaza
Hotel and the 36-story MGM building. In addition, a new approximately 480-foot high building
with 147 condominium units is expected to replace the recently demolished 30-story St. Regis
Hotel located just south of the Hyatt Regency Century Plaza. In addition, this block includes the
Century Woods Condominium complex, located at the northeast corner of Century Park West
and Olympic Boulevard. Further to the south across Olympic Boulevard are the 39-story Fox
Plaza office building, the Park Hyatt Hotel, and 20th Century Fox Studio. To the southeast of the
project site at 2000 Avenue of the Stars, is a 15-story, approximately 790,000 square foot mixeduse office building. In addition, the two 44-story Century Plaza Towers are located on the same
block fronting Century Park East. At approximately 849 feet above mean sea level (amsl), the
Century Plaza Towers are the tallest structures in the project vicinity.
To the west of the project site are single-family residential uses. These uses are separated
from the site by Century Park West and a fence with mature landscaping that runs along the
western portion of Century Park West in the vicinity of the site. Other residential uses in the
area include high-density multi-family residential uses further south of the project site near
Olympic Boulevard. The Century Towers, two 28-story residential towers, are also located
further to the south of the site at the northeast corner of Avenue of the Stars and Pico Boulevard.
The jurisdictional boundary between the City of Los Angeles and Beverly Hills is located east of
Century Park East and forms the eastern boundary of Century City. Beverly Hills High School is
located adjacent to the jurisdictional boundary, with a residential neighborhood located east of
the school. Low-rise commercial uses are located to the north of the High School along Santa
Monica Boulevard. To the south of the High School and south of Olympic Boulevard are multifamily residences and Roxbury Recreation Center.
8. Noise
The predominant noise source within the project vicinity is roadway noise from local
thoroughfares such as Avenue of the Stars, Constellation Boulevard, Santa Monica Boulevard,
and Olympic Boulevard. Other community noise sources include incidental noise from existing
commercial, residential, and high school uses, ambulance sirens, distant aircraft over-flights, and
landscaping maintenance activities at nearby residential and commercial uses. The only sources
of ground-borne vibration in the project vicinity are vehicular travel (e.g., refuse trucks, delivery
trucks, and transit buses) on local roadways and automobile circulation within underground
parking facilities. Existing land uses, including noise-sensitive land uses (sensitive receptor
locations) in the project vicinity include the following: commercial office buildings to the east;
single- and multi-family residences, commercial uses, and motels to the north; a hotel, multifamily residences, and condominiums to the south; and single-family residents located west of
the project site.
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9. Public Services
(a) Fire Protection
The Los Angeles Fire Department (LAFD) provides fire prevention, fire suppression, and
life safety services within the City of Los Angeles. The LAFD is a full-spectrum life safety
agency that provides fire protection and emergency medical services to a population of
approximately four million people throughout the City of Los Angeles. The LAFD’s
3,562 uniformed personnel provide fire prevention, firefighting, emergency medical care,
technical rescue, hazardous materials mitigation, disaster response, public education, and
community service. A total of 1,091 uniformed firefighters, including 223 paramedics, are on
duty at 103 fire stations across the LAFD’s 470 square mile jurisdiction. The LAFD also
employs 338 non-sworn technical and administrative support personnel.
There are three LAFD fire stations located in the vicinity of the project site. Fire Station
No. 92 at 10556 West Pico Boulevard in Century City is located closest to the project site at a
distance of approximately 1.4 street miles and a response time of approximately 5.2 minutes.
Fire Station Nos. 37 and 71 are located approximately 2.3 and 2.4 street miles from the project
site with response times of 6.4 and 7.0 minutes, respectively. In the event that additional
response teams are needed during a major emergency, third response fire protection and
emergency medical services would be provided by other fire stations within the LAFD system in
the surrounding West Los Angeles and Century City area, including Fire Station No. 59 located
at 11505 West Olympic Boulevard.
(b) Police Protection
The project site is located in the West Bureau of the Los Angeles Police Department
(LAPD), which covers approximately 122 square miles encompassing the neighborhoods of
Pacific Palisades, Westwood, Century City, Venice, Hancock Park, and the Miracle Mile. The
West Bureau oversees operations at four community police stations including the Hollywood
Community Police Station, the Wilshire Community Police Station, the Pacific Community
Police Station, and the West Los Angeles Community Police Station. The West Bureau also
oversees operations at the West Traffic Division, which is responsible for investigating traffic
collisions and traffic-related crimes for all operations in the West Bureau. Approximately
182 sworn officers and nine civilians serve under the West Traffic Division. The project site is
served by the West Los Angeles Community Police Station located at 1663 Butler Avenue,
approximately 2.3 miles from the project site. The West Los Angeles Area, which covers
approximately 64.14 square miles and approximately 748 street miles.
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The West Los Angeles Community Police Station has approximately 234 sworn officers
and 16 civilians deployed within the West Los Angeles Area. The West Los Angeles
Community Police Station currently provides service to a residential population of
approximately 221,876 residents with a service population increase of approximately one-half
million people when taking into account those that work in the West Los Angeles area, those that
visit neighborhoods within West Los Angeles, and those that attend surrounding educational
institutions including the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA). The project site is
located within Reporting District (RD) 839. The service boundaries of RD 839 are Santa Monica
Boulevard to the north, the Los Angeles City boundary to the east, Olympic Boulevard to the
south, and Fox Hills Drive to the west.
The Westfield Century City Shopping Center currently maintains an extensive 24-hour
security program to ensure visitor and property safety and assist in crime prevention. A security
staff with a total of 36 officers provides security services to the shopping center that include foot
patrol, bike patrol, and golf cart patrol. Westfield security also utilizes two programs to assist
with security patrol activities: Tour Trax, a data collection system that collects information of the
on-duty officer’s daily patrolling activities; and CASE Global (Computer-Assisted Security
Environment), a computer-assisted program used for security data collection, monitoring,
incident tracking and emergency notification. A total of approximately 64 security cameras are
located throughout the shopping center. Westfield security also coordinates regularly with the
LAPD to ensure adequate provision of law enforcement and security services at the center.
Every Friday evening, the LAPD Explorer units, partnered with Westfield, provide additional
security enforcement during busy evenings. In the event additional security resources or
assistance is required, Westfield’s participation in the Sister Mall program in which security
back-up from other malls participating in the program could be provided as needed and security
task force would provide such services.
(c) Schools
Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) is one of the largest public school districts
in the nation encompassing approximately 710 square miles and serving the City of Los Angeles,
32 other cities either entirely or partially within LAUSD, and several unincorporated areas of
Los Angeles County. LAUSD provides public education to a total of approximately
708,461 students enrolled throughout a total of 873 kindergarten through high school (K-12)
schools, and 282 independent K-12 charter schools and centers. Currently, there are
435 elementary schools, 74 middle schools, and 61 senior high schools serving approximately
635,127 K-12 students.
The project site is located within LAUSD Local District 3 and would be served by
Westwood Charter Elementary School, Emerson Middle School, Webster Middle School, and
University High School. These schools are currently operating on a single-track calendar in
City of Los Angeles
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which instruction generally begins in early September and continues through late June. In
addition, the project site is located in a middle school attendance option area, in which students
have a choice of attending either Emerson Middle School or Webster Middle School.
(d) Libraries
The Los Angeles Public Library (LAPL) system provides library services to all areas in
the City of Los Angeles and is also the largest system of public libraries for any city in our
nation. The LAPL consists of the Richard J. Riordan Central Library and 71 branch libraries,
with an inventory of over six million books and 2,100 “virtual-library” computer workstations
with access to the Internet and electronic databases. Currently there are no community branch
libraries for the Century City area. However, the LAPL has identified the Westwood Branch
Library and the Palms–Rancho Park Branch Library as the library facilities that would serve the
Century City area, including the project site.
The Westwood Branch Library opened in May 2005 and consists of a total of
12,500 square feet. The library is located at 1246 Glendon Avenue, approximately 2.7 miles
west from the project site. The Westwood Branch Library has 12 staff positions, and a service
population of 69,154 according to the 2000 US Census. The library currently holds a collection
of 49,500 books. The Palms-Rancho Park Branch Library opened in November 2002 and
consists of a total of 10,500 square feet. The library is located at 2920 Overland Avenue,
approximately 2.7 miles south from the project site. The Palms-Rancho Park Branch Library has
12.25 staff positions, and a service population of 68,167 based on the 2000 US Census. The
library has a literature collection of 46,300. Currently both the Westwood Branch Library and
the Palms-Rancho Park Branch Library adequately meet the demand for library services in their
respective communities. Other libraries that could potentially serve project residents include the
Robertson Branch Library, the West Los Angeles Regional Branch Library, and the City of
Beverly Hills Public Library. The City of Beverly Hills Public Library is also a participant in the
Metropolitan Cooperative Library System (MCLS), which allows patron use from other
participating jurisdictions. In addition, under the MCLS program, the City of Beverly Hills
Public Library accepts library cards from LAPL cardholders. The Beverly Hills Public Library
is located at 444 North Rexford Drive, approximately 1.9 miles northeast of the project site.
(e) Parks and Recreation
The City of Los Angeles Department of Recreation and Parks (Department) is
responsible for the establishment, operation, and maintenance of parks and recreational facilities
in the project vicinity. Currently, the Department maintains and operates more than 390 sites for
recreational use including: 180 recreation centers, 59 swimming pools, 13 municipal golf
courses, nine lakes, seven camps both in and out of town, more than a dozen museums and
historic sites, and hundreds of programs for youth, senior, physically disabled, and volunteers.
City of Los Angeles
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The Department also administers more than 15,600 acres of parkland, including 4,217 acres in
Griffith Park, one of the largest municipal parks within an American city’s boundaries. The
project site is located in a heavily populated area in which high numbers of youth, families, and
seniors utilize local parks and recreational facilities. Cheviot Hills Park and Recreation Center,
Irving Schachter Park, De Neve Square, Holmby Park and Armand Hammer Pitch and Putt Golf
Course, Westwood Park and Recreation Center and the Rancho Park Golf Course would likely
serve the residents of the proposed project.
10. Traffic and Circulation
The project site is located within the West Los Angeles Community Plan area of the City
of Los Angeles, California. Specifically, the project site is bounded by Santa Monica Boulevard
to the north, Avenue of the Stars to the east, Constellation Boulevard to the south, and Century
Park West to the west. Internal access to the project site is provided via eight main driveways
including one along Santa Monica Boulevard (for retail uses), one along Avenue of the Stars (for
office uses), three along Constellation Boulevard (two for retail uses and one for office uses),
and three along Century Park West (two for office uses and one for retail uses). In addition to
these main driveways, internal access to the project site is also provided via seven ancillary
driveways including three along Santa Monica Boulevard (valet, service tunnel, drop-off), two
along Constellation Boulevard (service tunnels), and two along Century Park West (loading
areas).
Regional access to the project site is provided via State Route 2 (Santa Monica
Boulevard) which abuts the project site to the north, Interstate 405 (I-405 San Diego Freeway)
located approximately one and a half miles to the west, and Interstate 10 (I-10 Santa Monica
Freeway) located approximately two miles to the south. The Metro, Los Angeles Department of
Transportation (LADOT), Santa Monica Big Blue Bus, City of Culver City, and other transit
lines provide public transportation within the vicinity of the project site.
11. Water Supply
Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP) is responsible for providing
water within the City of Los Angeles (City) limits and ensuring that the delivered water quality
meets applicable California health standards for drinking water. As the proposed project is
located within the City of Los Angeles, LADWP would be the water provider for the project.
Water is supplied to the City from local groundwater, the Los Angeles Aqueducts (LAA), and
the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MWD). In year 2006, approximately
60 percent of LADWP’s water supply was from the LAA, approximately 10 percent came from
local groundwater, approximately 29 percent from the MWD, and a remaining one percent was
from recycled water. In addition to the local groundwater sources used throughout the City,
LADWP operates the Los Angeles-Owens River Aqueduct and is a member of the MWD.
City of Los Angeles
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LADWP extracts groundwater from various locations throughout the Owens Valley and four
local groundwater basins: San Fernando, Sylmar, Central, and West Coast groundwater basins.
As the LADWP owns extensive property in the Owens Valley, it appropriates groundwater for
use in the Owens Valley and in Los Angeles. From October 2005 through September 2006,
LADWP extracted 57,412 AF from Owens Valley, 35,428 AF from the San Fernando Basin,
1,853 AF from the Sylmar Basin and 13,395 AF from the Central Basin. LADWP plans to
continue to maximize production from its groundwater basins in the coming years to offset
reductions in imported supplies.
LADWP’s 2005 UWMP projections in five-year increments from 2010 to 2030 are based
on projected population estimates provided by the Southern California Association of
Governments (SCAG). The City’s water demand for the year 2030 is forecasted to be
approximately 776, 000 AFY. Utilizing the current demand per capita provides a conservative
estimate of projected future water demand to ensure that water supplies are available to meet
projected demands. The LADWP anticipates adequate water supplies would be available to the
service areas under normal, single-dry, and multiple-dry year conditions through 2030.
The water infrastructure serving the project site consists of domestic water mains located
in the adjacent City streets. Currently, 12-inch water mains exist in Santa Monica Boulevard,
Avenue of the Stars, and Century Park West. An 8-inch water main is located in Constellation
Boulevard and extends from Century Park East through Century Park West. In addition, a new
60-inch water main has recently been constructed across the Los Angeles Country Club golf
course, located north of the project site. This water main extends into Santa Monica Boulevard
and down Century Park East; however, the water main has not been connected into the existing
water system in Century City.
B.
RELATED PROJECTS
The California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) requires that the analysis of potential
project impacts include cumulative impacts. CEQA defines cumulative impacts as “two or more
individual effects which, when considered together are considerable or which compound or
increase other environmental impacts.”29 This analysis of cumulative impacts need not be as indepth as what is performed relative to the proposed project, but instead is to “be guided by the
standards of practicality and reasonableness.”30
29
State CEQA Guidelines, 14 California Code of Regulations, § 15355, et seq.
30
Ibid, § 15355.
City of Los Angeles
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Cumulative impacts are anticipated impacts of the proposed project along with
reasonably foreseeable growth. Reasonably foreseeable growth may be based on either:31
•
A list of past, present, and reasonably anticipated future projects producing related or
cumulative impacts; or
•
A summary of projections contained in an adopted general plan or related planning
document designed to evaluate regional or area wide conditions.
Build out of the project is forecasted to occur in 2012. Accordingly, this Draft EIR
considers the effects of other proposed development projects that may be constructed between
2006 and 2012. This analysis has utilized a listing of all anticipated related projects based on
information on file at the City of Los Angeles Department of Planning, the City of Los Angeles
Department of Transportation (LADOT), and the City of Beverly Hills Department of
Community Development. The study area generally incorporates the area in which the project
might substantially affect traffic conditions. The development of 108 related projects is
anticipated in the project study area (63 in the City of Los Angeles and 45 in the City of Beverly
Hills). Table 2 summarizes the location, land use, and size of each related project. Figure 15 on
page 152 depicts the location of each related project. The map numbers identified in Figure 15
correspond to the related project numbers identified in Table 2. The analysis of cumulative
development also assumes a 1.5 percent average annual growth factor in traffic levels between
2006 and 2012. The projected cumulative development is addressed in the analysis of all
environmental issues.
31
Ibid, § 15130(b)(1).
City of Los Angeles
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PRELIMINARY WORKING DRAFT – Work in Progress
III. General Description of Environmental Setting
Table 2
Related Projects
Map
No.a
Project
City of Los Angeles
1 UCLA Westwood Campus Expansion
2 FBI Office (Phase II)
3 Palazzo Westwood
Location
UCLA Westwood Campus
11000 Wilshire Blvd.
1001 Tiverton Ave.
4 Retail, High Turnover Restaurant, Medical Southeast corner of Broxton Ave.
Office, Theater
and Le Conte Ave.
5 Theater Expansion
6 Apartments, Specialty Retail
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
10886 Le Conte Ave.
10852 Lindbrook Ave.
Apartments
Condominiums
Condominiums
Private School Expansion
Fox Studio Expansion
High School Expansion
Private School
Wilshire/Comstock Condominium Project
860 S. Devon Ave.
10804 Wilshire Blvd.
10776 Wilshire Blvd.
700 N. Faring Rd.
10201 W. Pico Blvd.
9760 W. Pico Blvd.
9051 Pico Blvd.
10250 W. Wilshire Blvd.
Land Use
Sizeb
Southwest Campus Housing
Northwest Campus Phase II Development
Intramural Field Parking Structure
Physics and Astronomy Building
Luck Research Center, Thermal Energy Storage
California Nano Systems Institute
Academic Health Center Seismic Replacement
Office
Shopping Center
Supermarket
Apartment
Retail
High Turnover Restaurant
Medical Office
Theater
Theater
Apartments
Specialty Retail
Apartments
Condominiums
Condominiums
Private School Expansion
Fox Studio Expansion
High School Expansion
Private School
Condominiums
2,000 beds
296,700 sf
1,500 spaces
101,900 sf
95,000 sf
166,00 sf
1,710,000 sf
1,000 employees
61,000 sf
54,000 sf
350 du
15,000 sf
2,993 sf
74,000 sf
1,135 seats
106 seats
19 du
6,100 sf
19 du
93 du
119 du
122,200 sf
360,000 sf
14,800 sf
360 students
35 du
City of Los Angeles
State Clearinghouse No. 2006061096
New Century Plan
March 2008
Page 146
PRELIMINARY WORKING DRAFT – Work in Progress
III. General Description of Environmental Setting
Table 2 (Continued)
Related Projects
Map
No.a
Project
15 ABC Entertainment Center
Location
2000 Ave. of the Stars
16 St. Regis Redevelopment Project
2055 Ave. of the Stars
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Condominiums
Residential Hotel
Health/Fitness Center
Condominiums
Condominiums
New Car Sales
Condominiums
Condominiums
Condominiums
Condominiums
Condominiums
Office
Condominiums
Condominiums, Office, Specialty Retail
527 S. Midvale St.
10844 W. Lindbrook Dr.
10960 W. Wilshire Blvd.
1826 S. Glendon Ave.
1417 S. Butler Ave.
10534 W. Pico Blvd.
1625 S. Barry Ave.
1525 S. Armacost Ave.
1633 S. Armacost Ave.
10763 W. Wilshire Blvd.
2037 S. Beverly Glen Blvd.
12233 Olympic Blvd.
1511 S. Camden Ave.
11663 Wilshire Ave.
31
32
33
34
35
36
Mausoleum Building
Condominiums
Condominiums
Apartments
Live/Work Units
Condominiums
1218 S. Glendon Ave.
10617 W. Eastborne Ave.
1517 S. Bentley Ave.
1817 S. Beloit Ave.
11500 W. Tennessee Ave.
430 S. Kelton Ave.
Land Use
Office
High Turnover Restaurant
Quality Restaurant
Retail
Cultural Center
Condominiums
Quality Restaurant
Private Club
Condominiums
Residential Hotel
Health/Fitness Center
Condominiums
Condominiums
New Car Sales
Condominiums
Condominiums
Condominiums
Condominiums
Condominiums
Office
Condominiums
Condominiums
Office
Specialty Retail
Mausoleum Building
Condominiums
Condominiums
Apartments
Live/Work Units
Condominiums
City of Los Angeles
State Clearinghouse No. 2006061096
Sizeb
763,900 sf
16,012 sf
16,011 sf
19,214 sf
10,675 sf
147 du
7,000 sf
43,000 sf
166 du
42 rooms
36,052 sf
16 du
16 du
2,750 sf
18 du
18 du
16 du
60 du
16 du
330,000 sf
16 du
49 du
41,000 sf
8,000 sf
3 acres
16 du
22 du
15 du
84 du
40 du
New Century Plan
March 2008
Page 147
PRELIMINARY WORKING DRAFT – Work in Progress
III. General Description of Environmental Setting
Table 2 (Continued)
Related Projects
Map
No.a
37
38
39
40
41
42
Restaurant
Condominiums
Condominiums
Cooking School
Bank
Westside Pavilion Renovation
Location
10935 W. Weyburn Ave.
1807 S. Beverly Glen Blvd.
2263 S. Fox Hills Dr.
10955 W. Pico Blvd.
1762 Westwood Blvd.
10850 Pico Blvd.
43
44
45
46
47
Le Lycee Francis High School
Condominiums
Discounted Store
Condominiums
Belmont Village
10309 W. National Blvd.
10131 Constellation Blvd.
11840 Olympic Blvd.
1333 S. Beverly Green Dr.
Wilshire Blvd./Warner St.
Project
48 Apartments
49 Apartment, Retail
10000 W. Santa Monica Blvd.
10901 Santa Monica Blvd.
50 Condominiums, Office, Retail
10604-10612 National Blvd.
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
1015 Broxton Ave.
1100 Westwood Blvd.
Wilshire Blvd/Westholme Ave.
11611 Montana Ave.
11677 Wilshire Blvd.
11305 Santa Monica Blvd.
10461 Santa Monica Blvd.
Southwest corner of Santa Monica
Blvd. and Beverly Glen Ave.
10867 Santa Monica Blvd.
Regent Westwood Mixed-Use
Office
Del Capri Hotel
Condominiums
Office
Retail
Auto Service
Office
59 Fast Food Restaurant and Snack Shop
Land Use
Restaurant
Condominiums
Condominiums
Cooking School
Bank
Theater
Retail
Private High School
Condominiums
Discounted Store
Condominiums
Independent Living
Assisted Living
Apartment
Apartment
Retail
Condominiums
Office
Retail
Theater
Office
Apartments
Condominiums
Office
Retail
Auto Service
Office
Sizeb
129 seats
16 du
15 du
1,858 sf
4,422 sf
2,340 seats
723,466 sf
340 students
483 du
86,600 sf
5 du
62 du
118 du
350 du
36 du
8,485 sf
29 du
2,072 sf
1,248 sf
336 seats
34,641 sf
88 du
20 du
146,708 sf
1,140 sf
2,074 sf
25,000 sf
Fast Food Restaurant and Snack Shop
2,070 sf
City of Los Angeles
State Clearinghouse No. 2006061096
New Century Plan
March 2008
Page 148
PRELIMINARY WORKING DRAFT – Work in Progress
III. General Description of Environmental Setting
Table 2 (Continued)
Related Projects
Map
No.a
Project
60 Day Care and Private School (K-8)
Location
1062 Robertson Rd.
61 Brentwood Retail Center Project
62 Olympic-Stoner Retail Center
1171 Gorham Ave.
11785 Olympic Boulevard
63 Condominiums
City of Beverly Hills
B1 Young Israel Sanctuary
10710 Wilshire Boulevard
9261 Alden Dr.
B2 Beverly Hills Gardens and Montage Hotel
202-240 N. Beverly Dr.
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
265 N. Beverly Dr.
432-436 S. Beverly Dr.
456 N. Camden Dr.
125 S. Camden Dr.
245-257 N. Canon Dr.
Office, Restaurant
Church Expansion
Retail Expansion
Condominiums
Medical Plaza
B8 Commercial, Retail
B9 Residential, Office, Retail
B10
B11
B12
B13
B14
Assisted Care Facility
Culture Central Center
Hotel
Senior Congregate Care
Synagogue, Private School
B15 Condominiums
338 N. Canon Dr.
131-191 N. Crescent Dr.
201 N. Crescent Dr.
469 N. Crescent Dr.
150 Lasky Dr.
129 S. Linden Dr.
9090 Olympic Blvd.
437-443 N. Palm Dr.
Land Use
Day Care
Private School (K-8)
Retail
Retail
Less Existing
Condominiums
Sizeb
84 students
216 students
21,340 sf
Sanctuary
Multi-Purpose Room
Hotel
Condominiums
Restaurant
Commercial
Office, Restaurant
Church Expansion
Retail Expansion
Condominiums
Medical Office
Surgery Center
Retail
Commercial, Retail
Residential
Office, Retail
Assisted Care Facility
Culture Central Center
Hotel
Senior Congregate Care
Synagogue
Private School
Condominiums
14,811 sf
1,254 sf
214 rooms
35 du
13,500 sf
13,500 sf
45,000 sf
932 sf
1,750 sf
40 du
23,139 sf
13,609 sf
8,148 sf
11,900 sf
88 du
40,000 sf
80 du
34,000 sf
42 rooms
76 du
9,000 sf
10,000 sf
13 du
City of Los Angeles
State Clearinghouse No. 2006061096
28,000 sf
64 du
New Century Plan
March 2008
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PRELIMINARY WORKING DRAFT – Work in Progress
III. General Description of Environmental Setting
Table 2 (Continued)
Related Projects
Map
No.a
B16
B17
B18
B19
B20
Project
Screening Room
Condominiums
Office
Office
Retail, Restaurant, Condominiums
B21 Retail, Condominiums
Location
150 El Camino
261-283 S. Reeves Dr.
9844 Wilshire Blvd.
8747 Wilshire Blvd.
9200 Wilshire Blvd.
9590 Wilshire Blvd.
B22 Condominiums, Retail, Quality Restaurant 9900 Wilshire Blvd.
B23
B24
B25
B26
B27
B28
B29
B30
B31
Hotel
Condominiums
Condominiums
Condominiums
Apartment
Condominiums
Health Spa
Service Facility
Medical Office, Retail
9730 Wilshire Blvd.
216-220 S. Arnaz Dr.
552-558 N. Hillgreen Dr.
140-144 S. Oakhurst Dr.
428-430 Smithwood Dr.
133 Spalding Dr.
9641 Sunset Blvd.
400 Foothill Rd.
8536 Wilshire Blvd.
B32 Condominiums, Retail
8600 Wilshire Blvd.
B33 Apartments
B34 Shopping Center, Office
8601 Wilshire Blvd.
421-427 N. Beverly Dr.
B35 Retail, Office
8767 Wilshire Blvd.
Land Use
Screening Room
Condominiums
Office
Office
Retail
Restaurant
Condominiums
Retail
Condominiums
Condominiums
Retail
Quality Restaurant
Hotel
Condominiums
Condominiums
Condominiums
Apartment
Condominiums
Health Spa
Service Facility
Medical Office
Retail
Condominiums
Retail
Apartments
Shopping Center
Office
Retail, Office
City of Los Angeles
State Clearinghouse No. 2006061096
Sizeb
66 seats
23 du
95,000 sf
85,000 sf
8,400 sf
5,600 sf
54 du
12,000 sf
60 du
252 du
15,656 sf
4,800 sf
204 rooms
16 du
9 du
11 du
1 du
4 du
2,000 sf
53,000 sf
12,445 sf
12,445 sf
21 du
4,800 sf
37 du
15,000 sf
15,000 sf
75,000 sf
New Century Plan
March 2008
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Table 2 (Continued)
Related Projects
Map
No.a
Project
B36 The Beverly Hilton
a
b
Location
Southwest corner of Wilshire
Blvd. and Santa Monica Blvd.
B37 Medical Office
B38 Office, Medical Office
50 N. La Cienega Blvd.
9754 Wilshire Blvd.
B39
B40
B41
B42
B43
B44
B45
155-157 N. Hamilton Dr.
225 S. Hamilton Dr.
156-168 N. La Peer Dr.
432 N. Oakhurst Dr.
144 Reeves Dr.
313-317 Reeves Dr.
115 N. Swall Dr.
Condominiums
Condominiums
Condominiums
Condominiums
Condominiums
Condominiums
Condominiums
Land Use
Condominium
Condominium/Hotel
Hotel
Medical Office
Office
Medical Office
Condominiums
Condominiums
Condominiums
Condominiums
Condominiums
Condominiums
Condominiums
Sizeb
96 du
104 du
96 du
14,000 sf
24,566 sf
7,977 sf
11 du
27 du
16 du
34 du
3 du
10 du
3 du
Corresponds with Map Nos. on Figure 15 below.
The abbreviation “du” stands for dwelling units and “sf” stands for square feet.
Source: Linscott, Law & Greenspan, Engineers, Traffic Impact Study, October 2007.
City of Los Angeles
State Clearinghouse No. 2006061096
New Century Plan
March 2008
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PRELIMINARY WORKING DRAFT – Work in Progress
Page 152
N
0
.5
1 Miles
Figure 15
Location of Related Projects
Source: Linscott, Law & Greenspan, Engineers, 2007.
New Century Plan