European Mineral
Statistics
2008–12
BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
European Mineral Statistics 2008–12
A product of the World Mineral Statistics database
By: T J Brown, N E Idoine, S F Hobbs, A J Mills
Additional production statistics by: E R Raycraft, T Bide, E A Deady,
J Rippingale, C E Wrighton
Technical support: A C MacKenzie
Keyworth, Nottingham
British Geological Survey 2014
© NERC copyright 2014. All rights reserved.
First Published 2014
BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG
 0115-936 3100
Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3LA
 0131-667 1000
London Information Office, Natural History Museum (Earth
Galleries), Exhibition Road, London SW7 2DE.
 020-7589 4090
The full range of Survey publications is available from the BGS
Sales Desks at Nottingham, Edinburgh and London; see contact
details above or shop online at www.geologyshop.com.
The London Information Office also maintains a reference
collection of BGS publications, including maps, for consultation.
The Survey publishes an annual catalogue of its maps and other
publications; this catalogue is available from any of the BGS
Sales Desks.
The British Geological Survey carries out the geological survey
of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the latter as an agency
service for the government of Northern Ireland), and of the
surrounding continental shelf, as well as its basic research
projects. It also undertakes programmes of British technical aid
in geology in developing countries as arranged by the
Department for International Development.
The British Geological Survey is a component body of the
Natural Environment Research Council.
All communications regarding the content of this publication
should be addressed to the Head of Science, Minerals, British
Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG
 0115 936 3495 Fax 0115 936 3520
E-mail [email protected]
The compilations presented in this book are copyright and may
not be reproduced in any form without the permission of the
Director, British Geological Survey.
Bibliographical reference
BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 2014. European mineral
statistics 2008–12. (Keyworth, Nottingham: British Geological
Survey.)
Cover photograph: Skouriotissa Copper Mine, Nicosia District,
Cyprus operated by Hellenic Copper Mines Ltd. Photograph: T J
Brown, BGS © NERC
ISBN 978-0-85272-768-3 (Paperback)
ISBN 978-0-85272-769-0 (Download)
iii
Commentary
1. Introduction
Europe’s relatively restricted land mass has a remarkable variety of geological terranes. It includes ancient
crystalline ‘shields’ and massifs, complex younger fold-belts penetrated by igneous intrusions, deep
sedimentary basins containing coal, petroleum and other minerals, and landscapes profoundly modified by
a recent ice age. As a consequence Europe has a rich endowment of all the major groups of minerals. In
the nineteenth century the continent’s burgeoning industrial economies were built on its resources of
metals and coal. The productive capacity of those resources was, with some exceptions, largely outgrown
in the twentieth century but Europe continues to obtain a high proportion of its needs for industrial and
construction minerals from within its own borders. In addition, a recent bonanza has been the discovery
and exploitation of the offshore resources of petroleum and natural gas beneath the North Sea and other
areas of the continental shelf.
During the industrial revolution of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries the interest of sovereign states
in their own economic and demographic performance led to the development of statism, that is, the
direction and control of their internal affairs to a much greater degree than before. From statism came the
concept of statistics – the numbers collected and compiled as the basis for such action by the state.
Among many other things, almost all European countries compile annual statistics of national mineral
production and trade and these form the basis of this European compilation 1.
For many countries, from antiquity, the ownership of precious metals has been vested in the state or the
sovereign and for the majority of European countries state ownership extends to all metals and high-value
industrial minerals. Chiefly as a result, in Europe and the world as a whole, there is a direct
correspondence between the unit value of a mineral commodity and the amount and accuracy of official
statistical information available on it. At the extreme high end of the value range this relationship tends to
break down so that data on gemstones and precious metals is less straightforward than that on base
metals. However, as a rule the state does not claim ownership of low-value construction minerals, such as
sand and gravel, crushed rock aggregate and others. Partly as a consequence, the statistics for such
minerals tend to be less comprehensive, less reliable and more difficult to compile and compare than
those for other minerals. It is ironic that with modern environmental concerns and pressures on land-use
in Europe it is precisely these less well-documented minerals – their occurrence, production, trade and
consumption – that are of greatest concern to local and national governments.
As far as possible, the statistics of production compiled by the BGS are the official data for the countries
concerned, whose government departments and agencies compile and publish them on the basis of returns
from annual, or more frequent, inquiries in the form of mandatory questionnaires to producers. Trade
statistics published by BGS are invariably compiled, directly or indirectly, from official publications.
Where official production data are not available, or where there is reasonable cause to doubt the accuracy
or completeness of such data, information is sought from other sources such as geological survey
organisations, chambers of mines, universities, trade associations and the primary producers themselves.
Time and resources preclude double-checking in any but the most necessary of cases.
An increasing problem, particularly in Europe, is the invocation of rules that debar a government body
from divulging national production data if there is only a small number of producers, the object being the
maintenance of commercial confidentiality. However, we often find in such cases that the primary
producers themselves are willing to release the information for publication. A further issue lies in the
desire of governments, everywhere, to recover costs by asking for payment for official information –
1
For this compilation ‘Europe’ is defined as the 28 EU members (as of 1 July 2013), the EU associates Norway and
Switzerland and the EU candidate countries Iceland, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Turkey; this group of 35 countries
is for convenience referred to as ‘EU35’.
iv
which is often marketed through an agent. This situation is coupled with an increasing apparent disregard
for the value (as distinct from the price) of impartial mineral statistics and a conviction that their
compilation should be funded entirely by the users of the data, or by the industrial sector concerned. It is
true that no other industrial sector has a statistical operation wholly dedicated to its physical (as opposed
to financial) activities. The reason is that no other industrial sector is so crucial to the maintenance of
civilisation and so little understood by the population at large.
2. Construction minerals
The most important construction minerals and their chief uses are summarised below (Table 1):
Table 1 Construction minerals and their principal uses.
Aggregates, natural
sand and gravel
crushed rock (limestone, sandstone,
igneous rock etc.)
concrete, building sand and fill
roadstone, fill, concrete
Clay and shale
bricks, pipes, tiles and cement manufacture
Gypsum
2
plaster, plasterboard and cement
Limestone and dolomite
crushed-rock aggregate, cement, other industrial and
agricultural uses
Building stone (dimension stone)
this comprises almost any competent rock-type that may be
used in the form of shaped and/or sized blocks for either
structural or decorative purposes. It normally includes
roofing stone and slate
Aggregates suffer from the incompleteness of available production data and incompatibility of different
countries’ production statistics for this group. The European data for aggregates presented here represent
an attempt at compiling reliable data and we would welcome any comments, amendments and corrections
that users may wish to make. Other problems are related to the terminology used by different countries.
These can include such categories as:
• ‘gravel and crushed rock’ with no distinction between types of aggregate minerals,
• ‘building stone’ that incorporates both crushed-rock aggregate and dimension stone,
• ‘limestone’ and other purely petrological descriptions with no indication of the construction/industrial
use split,
• ‘sand’ with no distinction between material for construction sand and special sand for industrial uses
e.g. for glass.
With the establishment of the European single market on 1st January 1993 a new statistical system was
introduced across the EU to measure production for sale (Prodcom). It covers many activities, including
mining and quarrying. Information is presented on the volume and value of sales and the headings are
compatible with trade headings, the intention being to provide an assessment of the apparent consumption
of a particular product.
The total volumes of primary aggregates production easily exceed the total tonnage of all other minerals
produced in the EU. This fact highlights the concerns expressed in many countries about the sustainability
2
Statistics for gypsum are complicated by the availability of large quantities of synthetic gypsum, which is not covered in this
publication.
v
of the resource, both in terms of tonnage remaining and also the land-use and environmental issues that
are raised by the implicit need for the expansion of quarries to maintain the level of output.
All European countries consume construction minerals, generally in proportion to the size of their
individual economies. The majority of the EU member countries are self-sufficient in supply of aggregate
minerals but while some produce approximately equal quantities of sand and gravel and crushed rock
aggregates others are, for obvious geological and topographic reasons, deficient in one or the other. For
example, Netherlands lacks resources suitable for the production of hard rock aggregates while Austria,
landlocked and without broad alluvial lowlands, is a net importer of sand and gravel. Simple statistical
analysis, especially if only ‘gross’ national trade positions are examined, can be misleading: aggregates
are low-cost minerals and are, as a result, sensitive to transport costs. They may be imported via a short
cross-border route at lower cost than if they were carried a much greater distance within national borders.
For countries bordering the North Sea production of marine-dredged sand and gravel is a significant part
of supply. Crushed rock produced from onshore sites is also conveyed by sea from Norway and Scotland.
It should also be borne in mind that recycled and secondary aggregates have become an increasingly
important part of supply, in response to environmental constraints on the production of primary (quarried)
material. The categorisation of these recycled and secondary aggregates varies from country to country
and these materials are not included in this volume.
3. Industrial (non-construction) minerals
These comprise a wide range of non-metallic, non-energy minerals used as feedstocks for manufacturing
or industrial processing aids, exemplified by barytes, fluorspar, magnesite, kaolin (china clay), mica, and
salt. The category includes metallic minerals used for non-metallic products, e.g. bauxite, chromite,
ilmenite and also ‘construction minerals’ used for non-construction purposes, e.g. limestone. Unlike
metals, where, whatever the extracted ore, the ultimate refined marketable product is produced to a few
accepted standards for use in a variety of applications, industrial minerals depend to a great extent on their
intrinsic ‘as mined’ physical and chemical qualities. Thus, for industrial minerals the two most significant
variables are the grade of the deposit, that is how much useful mineral it contains, and the quality of the
mineral, that is its suitability for specific end-uses. The quality may be a combination of physical
properties such as particle size and shape, brightness, viscosity in suspension, specific gravity, hardness,
strength and insulating properties. Several industrial minerals are valued purely for their chemical
composition, for example, the essential plant nutrients potassium and phosphorus or the halogens chlorine
and fluorine and many other elements used as chemical feedstocks.
It has been suggested that the point at which the value of a country’s industrial mineral production
(including construction minerals) overtakes that of its metal (mine) production marks its transition to a
mature industrial economy. Certainly this point was attained long ago for the major economies of Europe:
the value of metal production in France, Germany, Italy and the UK is negligible compared to the value of
industrial minerals output.
A problem for the compiler of statistics on industrial minerals is that many of them cannot be precisely
defined, but grade into one another. Thus, kaolin grades into kaolinitic clay, bauxite into high-alumina
clay, dolomite into limestone, and this has implications for the comparability of statistics between
deposits and countries. Many industrial minerals are produced and marketed in either a ‘wet’, ‘dried’ or
‘calcined’ forms; this can markedly affect the weight of the material. In this compilation every effort has
been made to ensure comparability between countries in this respect. Some mineral-derived elements may
be obtained by a number of mineral-based but different routes: sulphur is obtained, in Europe, as a byproduct from oil refining, from sour gas, from base metal smelting and as a primary product from pyrites
vi
(iron sulphide). Some semi-processed materials 3 can be obtained from completely different sources, for
example magnesia (magnesium oxide), which is produced from both magnesite and a combination of
seawater and dolomite. Salt is a further example, being extracted as a solid (rock salt), as brine and by the
evaporation of seawater.
European production of industrial minerals 4 supplies a fairly high proportion of the continent’s
requirements, in contrast to the position with metals. However, in the cases of several minerals,
production is dominated by one country and the majority are still dependent on imports for all but a few of
these minerals. The proportions of selected minerals produced by Europe is given in Table 2.
Table 2 EU35 production of selected industrial minerals as world percentages
Industrial mineral
% of world
EU35 countries with >2% of world output in 2012
Feldspar
60.9
Turkey (31.8%), Italy, France, Spain
Kaolin
36.1
Germany (16.9%), Turkey, UK, Czech Republic
Salt
22.5
Germany (6.9%), Netherlands, UK, France
Bentonite
18.7
Greece (8.0%), Turkey, Germany
Magnesite
15.4
Turkey (4.1%), Austria, Spain, Slovakia
Diatomite
14.8
Denmark (5.6%), France, Spain, Czech Republic
Gypsum
14.1
Spain (4.5%)
Talc
13.9
Finland (5.1%), France
Potash
12.8
Germany (10.0%)
Mica
12.0
France (5.7%), Finland
Barytes
3.7
Turkey (2.6%)
Fluorspar
3.3
-
4. Metals
Until the middle of the nineteenth century the demands of industry in Europe were met by indigenous
metal mines but thereafter it became clear that the resources of other continents would become an
important source of supply, having, as they did, very large and rich ore bodies that could be worked at
relatively low cost. Initially, ores and concentrates were transported to Europe for processing. Many highvolume ores, notably iron ore, are still imported but smelting and refining of base metal concentrates has
been increasingly undertaken at or near the sites of the overseas mines. Europe as a whole is now heavily
dependent on extra-European sources of virtually all metals although recycling makes an important
contribution and, as the statistical tables show, several European countries still have significant mine
production of one or more metals.
European smelting and refining of imported ores and concentrates provides the bulk of supply for many
metals. Refining in Europe of semi-processed materials from other continents is also significant. Ferroalloys of a number of metals are produced in Europe but imports of the major types are an indispensable
3
In the case of several oxides, hydroxides and salts the yardstick for inclusion in this compilation is that the material should be
the basis for a further transformation process although the compilers accept that this criterion has been applied in a flexible
way.
4
The tabulated statistics show that availability of reported data is much lower for industrial minerals than for metals, with
many estimated totals being shown.
vii
part of total supply. The balance of metals supply is made up of imports of refined metal. It is emphasised
that the situation of individual countries may vary widely from one to another, as the statistics indicate.
Certain European countries are major mine producers of particular metals, but the majority of European
countries depend chiefly on imports from other continents. The overall EU35 position of mine production
of selected metals in 2012 is shown in Table 3.
Table 3 EU35 mine production of selected metals as world percentages.
Metal
% world
EU35 countries with >1% of world output in 2012
Chromium
10.6
Turkey (8.8%), Finland
Silver
8.1
Poland (4.6%), Sweden
Zinc
7.3
Ireland (2.5%), Turkey, Sweden
Titanium
6.7
Norway (6.7%)
Lead
6.1
Poland (1.4%), Sweden, Turkey
Copper
5.8
Poland (2.5%)
Nickel
3.5
Greece (1.1%), Finland, Macedonia
Tungsten
2.6
Portugal (1.0%)
Gold
2.1
Turkey (1.1%)
Iron
1.3
–
Aluminium (bauxite)
1.1
–
5. Energy minerals
These comprise petroleum, natural gas, coal and uranium. Statistics for production and trade of petroleum
and coal are fairly complete and present few problems to compilers. However, the data for petroleum
conceal the distribution of differing grades of crude oil. For example, although there are exports of
petroleum from the EU35 countries, there is also a significant import of heavy crude which is a necessary
requirement that cannot be supplied by the North Sea and other offshore fields.
‘Black coal’ or ‘hard coal’ is normally taken to mean bituminous coal and anthracite. ‘Brown coal’
comprises sub-bituminous coal and lignite. Black coals have a higher calorific value and lower volatile
content than brown coals; the use of the latter is almost confined to burning in electricity generating
stations. Within black coals a fundamental division is made into ‘steam coal’, for power generation, and
‘coking coal’, used for metallurgical purposes, predominantly iron smelting in blast furnaces.
The overall EU35 position with regard to production of energy minerals in 2012 is shown in Table 4.
Table 4 EU35 production of energy minerals as world percentages.
Mineral
% world
EU35 countries with > 1% of world output 2012
Coal
8.9
Germany (2.5%), Poland, Turkey
Natural gas
8.2
Norway (3.3%), Netherlands, United Kingdom
Petroleum
4.3
Norway (2.4%), United Kingdom
Uranium
0.6
-
viii
Contents
Country index
Austria 2
Belgium 7
Bulgaria 13
Croatia 17
Cyprus 19
Czech Republic 21
Denmark 26
Estonia 30
Finland 33
France 37
Germany 43
Greece 50
Hungary 54
Iceland 58
Ireland, Republic of 60
Italy 63
Latvia 69
Lithuania 72
Commodity index
Luxembourg 75
Macedonia 77
Malta 79
Montenegro 80
Netherlands 82
Norway 88
Poland 92
Portugal 97
Romania 101
Serbia 105
Slovakia 108
Slovenia 112
Spain 116
Sweden 122
Switzerland 127
Turkey 131
United Kingdom 136
Aggregates 144
Alumina 150
Aluminium 151
Antimony 161
Arsenic 163
Asbestos 164
Barytes 166
Bauxite 149
Bentonite 169
Bismuth 174
Borates 351
Bromine 175
Cadmium 176
Cement 179
Chromium 186
Coal 190
Cobalt 197
Copper 201
Crushed rock 144
Diamond 210
Diatomite 214
Feldspar 217
Ferro alloys 242
Fluorspar 220
Fuller’s earth 169
Gold 223
Graphite 227
Gypsum 230
Iodine 235
Iron ore 237
Iron and steel 240
Kaolin 257
Lead 260
Lithium 266
Magnesia 269
Magnesite 268
Manganese 272
Mercury 276
Mica 278
Molybdenum 280
Natural gas 291
Nepheline syenite 351
Nickel 282
Niobium 326
Perlite 351
Petroleum 288
Phosphates 294
Platinum 296
Potash 300
Pyrites 318
Rare earths 305
Salt 308
Sand and gravel 144
Selenium 352
Silicon 242
Sillimanite 312
Silver 314
Strontium 352
Sulphur 318
Talc 323
Tantalum 326
Tin 327
Titanium 331
Tungsten 336
Uranium 353
Vanadium 340
Wollastonite 353
Zinc 342
Zirconium 349
Explanatory notes
The statistics in this publication are from the World Mineral Statistics database.
Coverage
European Mineral Statistics covers the majority of economically important, and internationally traded,
mineral commodities. For each commodity constant efforts are made to ensure that as many producing
and trading countries as possible are reported and that trade data cover all major traded forms. For some
commodities, where statistics on production and trade are not publicly available, estimates are made.
Production
Metals Mine production of many metals is expressed in terms of metal content. This is clearly indicated
adjacent to the commodity description. Unless otherwise specified, metal production statistics relate to
metal recovered from both domestic and imported materials, whether primary or secondary, but exclude
remelted material.
ix
Trade
Although every effort has been made to provide comprehensive coverage of trade statistics the resulting
trade compilations depend on the nature of the data available. The fact that a country is not shown as
trading in a particular commodity does not necessarily imply that there is no trade in that item. The
commodity may not be separately identified in the available trade statistics or may not be traded in
significant quantities.
Where an estimate for a trade statistic has been reconstructed from the imports/exports of other countries,
the resulting figure may be conservative, as complete coverage of world trade is seldom available. Export
statistics may include re-exports.
Tables showing trade in the following metals covered by Harmonised System Chapter 81 include under
the term ‘metal’, unwrought and wrought forms, powder, alloys, waste and scrap, unless these are
separately shown: antimony, bismuth, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, manganese, molybdenum, tantalum–
niobium, titanium, tungsten, vanadium and zirconium. Trade tables of other metals include only
unwrought forms under the term ‘metal’.
Exclusion of warranty
Use by recipients of information provided by the BGS, is at the recipients’ own risk. BGS has taken care
to ensure that information provided is as free from error as is reasonably practical. In view of the disparate
sources of information at BGS’s disposal, including such material donated to BGS, that BGS accepts in
good faith as being accurate, the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) gives no warranty,
expressed or implied, as to the quality, accuracy, performance, and merchantability of the information
supplied, or to the information’s suitability for any use whether made known to BGS or otherwise.
NERC/BGS accepts no liability whatever in respect of loss, damage, injury or other occurrence however
caused.
Acknowledgements
Compilation of this volume of mineral statistics has been possible only by obtaining information from a
very large number of organisations throughout the world, chiefly home and overseas government
departments and specialist national or international authorities concerned with particular sectors of the
minerals or metals industries. To all these bodies the British Geological Survey expresses its grateful
acknowledgement for the information made available, whether in published form or provided by direct
correspondence.
Particular acknowledgement is made to the Mines Departments and other government agencies of many
countries whose regular statements, yearbooks and other reports are worthy of direct consultations by
readers in search of detail.
Specialist commodity organisations which have kindly allowed information to be reproduced include the
International Copper Study Group, the International Lead and Zinc Study Group, the International Nickel
Study Group, the Barytes Association and the International Fertilizer Industry Association Ltd. In a few
instances, information on specific commodities has been obtained directly from company sources. The cooperation of other members of the International Consultative Group on Metal Statistics is also gratefully
acknowledged.
Supplementary information is also obtained from publications dealing with a wider range of commodities
such as Société de l'Industrie Minérale, Annuaire Statistique Mondial des Minerais et Métaux; Mining
Journal, Country and Commodity Reports; World Bureau of Metal Statistics, World Metal Statistics and
Metallstatistik; publications of the Interstate Statistical Committee of the CIS, the United States
Geological Survey, and the United Nations Statistics Division.
x
In addition, information has been obtained from the websites of the following organisations, companies,
statistical offices and government departments: Agnico Eagle Mines; Aluminium de Grece; BP Plc;
Dragon Mining; Endomines; Eurozinc Mining Corporation; Inmet Mining; Lapland Gold Miners; Lundin
Mining; New Boliden; Norsk Hydro; Nyrstar; Outokumpu; Rio Narcea; Rio Tinto; Talvivaara; Xstrata;
Energy Information Agency; European Aggregates Association; Eurofer; Eurostat; Kaolin & Plastic Clays
Europe; World Nuclear Association; World Steel Association; Vereinigung der Osterreichishen
Zementindustrie, Austria; Federation de l’Industrie Cimentiere Belge, Belgium; Statistics Belgium;
Belgian Steel Federation; Czech Republic Statistical Office; Statistics Denmark; Danish Energy Agency,
Denmark; Geological Survey of Finland; Federation des Minerais, Mineraux Industrielles et Metaux non
Ferreux, France; Comite Professionel de Petrole, France; Ministere de l’Economie, des Finances et de
l’Industrie, France; Unicem, France; Infociments, France; Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland,
Germany; EIA – Greece Crude Petroleum, Greece; National Statistical Service of Greece; Federacciai,
Italy; Unione Petrolifera, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Statistica, Italy; Statec, Luxembourg; Centraal Bureau
voor de Statistiek, Netherlands; Staatstoezicht op de Mijnen, Netherlands; Nethalands Oil and Gas Portal;
Statistisk Sentralbyra, Norway; Geological Survey of Norway; Norwegian Petroleum Directorate;
Instituto Nacional de Estatistica, Portugal; Ministry of Agriculture, Norway; Vimetco, Romania;
Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia; Unesid, Spain; Sveriges Geologiska Undersokning,
Sweden; Jernkontoret, Sweden; Statistiska Centralbyran, Sweden; CemSuisse, Switzerland; Department
for Business, Innovation and Skills, United Kingdom; Department of Energy and Climate Change, United
Kingdom; Office for National Statistics, United Kingdom; The Crown Estate, United Kingdom.
Units
The Statistics shown in this volume are expressed in metric units. The following factors are given for
converting to non-metric units:
tonnes × 0.9842 = long tons
tonnes × 1.1023 = short tons
kilograms × 2.2046 = pounds
kilograms × 32.1507 = troy ounces
cubic metres × 35.3147 = cubic feet
1 tonne of crude petroleum equals on average 7 barrels of crude petroleum
1 flask mercury = 34.5 kilograms
1 metric ton unit = 10 kilograms
Conversion of national currencies to pounds sterling has been made using the annual average factors
shown for each country in International Financial Statistics published by the International Monetary
Fund.
Symbols
...
0
—
*
BGS
figures not available
quantity less than half unit shown
nil
estimated
British Geological Survey
xi
Table notes for country tables
Aggregates – production
(1) So far as possible, these statistics include construction
sands; gravel, pebbles, shingle and flint; crushed stone
used for concrete aggregates, roadstone and other
construction use; granules, chippings and powders
(2) Where official sources show more than one series for
aggregates the higher series has generally been used in
this compilation
(3) Where marine sands and gravels have been identified,
these are included
(4) Information may be incomplete or absent due to
reporting methods, confidentiality or lack of available
information. All EU35 countries produce sand and
gravel and crushed rock
(5) Production from many small operations are not
officially compiled. The minimum number of
employees for which establishments are required to
report production varies between different countries
and can also vary from year to year within a country
(6) Quantities of sand from sand and gravel operations may
be discarded due to low demand. This may or may not
be included in the statistics
Aggregates – exports and imports
(1) These statistics include construction sands; pebbles,
gravel, shingle, flint; crushed rock; granules, chippings
and powders covered by the Harmonised System codes
2505.90, 2517.10, 2517.41 and 2517.49
(2) Exports include marine dredged sand and gravel landed
at foreign ports
Bauxite – production
(1) Including production of refractory bauxite
Alumina – production
(1) Where possible figures show the alumina equivalent
(Al2O3) of total hydrate produced, whether or not
calcined
(2) The figures represent alumina produced from bauxite.
Alumina-rich materials can also be derived from salt
slags formed during the production of secondary
aluminium
Primary aluminium – production
(1) The figures are for primary aluminium only.
Aluminium can also be produced from secondary
sources and may be recovered from salt slags
Barytes – exports and imports
(1) Trade in barytes is reported under item 2511 of the
Harmonised System and is described as ‘barytes and
witherite’. However, only small quantities of witherite
are traded
Bentonite and fuller’s earth – production
(1) Bentonites consist of montmorillonite (one of the
smectite group of clay minerals) and occur in two main
varieties, calcium bentonite, the most commonly
occurring, and sodium bentonite, industrially the more
important
(2) Calcium bentonite can be converted to sodium
bentonite by a sodium-exchange process
(3) In some countries, such as the United Kingdom,
calcium bentonite is known as fuller’s earth, a term
which is also used to refer attapulgite, a mineralogically
distinct clay mineral but exhibiting similar properties
Bentonite and fuller’s earth – exports and imports
(1) See notes 1 - 3 under production
(2) The figures refer to natural and sodium-exchanged
bentonite, Harmonised System 2508.10
(3) Activated bentonite and fuller’s earth, Harmonised
System 3802.90 are excluded
(4) Some countries are believed to include sodiumexchanged bentonite, often referred to as activated
bentonite, under Harmonised System 3802.90, e.g.
Italy, but these are not included
(5) From 2007 Harmonised System 2508.20, previously
used for fuller's earth, is no longer available
Bismuth – mine production
(1) In some instances the figures are derived from reported
bismuth content of refined and impure metal plus
recoverable in ores and concentrates exported
(2) Production for some countries may include bismuth
produced from imported ores but it is thought that any
resulting duplication is insignificant in the countries
shown
Bromine – exports and imports
(1) Trade in bromine is not separately distinguished from
other halogens by many countries
Cadmium – production
(1) Data exclude secondary metal
Chromium – exports and imports
(1) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under Iron,
Steel and Ferro-alloys
Bauxite, alumina and aluminium – exports and imports
(1) Except where alumina hydrate is separately specified,
national trade figures for alumina can be considered as
inclusive of hydrate
(2) The term 'unwrought' aluminium corresponds to item
7601 of the Harmonised System and comprises ingots,
blocks, unwrought bars, etc.
(3) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under Iron,
Steel and Ferro-alloys
Coal – production
(1) There is no international agreement as to the separate
definition of lignite and brown coal. In some cases they
are distinguished. Elsewhere both may be aggregated
under one or other term
Antimony – mine production
(1) Including antimony content of antimonial lead alloys
Coal – exports
(1) Excludes bunker shipments
White arsenic – production
(1) Including calculated trioxide equivalent of arsenic
metal produced except where this would involve
double counting
Cobalt metal – production
(1) In addition, several countries including the United
Kingdom, Finland and France are known to produce
substantial amounts of cobalt compounds
Arsenic – exports and imports
(1) Data relating to arsenic are not fully recorded by many
countries
Copper – smelter production
(1) Primary metal in the form of blister and anode
produced from concentrates is shown, and may include
copper produced from scrap but this is excluded when
it can be separately identified
Barytes – production
(1) Small quantities of witherite may be included
xii
Refined copper – production
(1) Figures relate to both primary and secondary refined
copper, whether electrolytic or fire refined. Metal
recovered from secondary materials by remelting alone
is excluded
Copper – exports and imports
(1) The term ‘unwrought’ copper corresponds to items
7402, 7403 and 7405 of the Harmonised System and
includes both unrefined (including blister) and refined
copper
(2) The term ‘unwrought’, as used here, includes alloys
unless these are separately specified. The term ‘scrap’
includes scrap alloys
Diamond – exports and imports
(1) Carats have been used as the unit except where the only
obtainable figure is the value. In these cases the
national currency figure has been converted to £
sterling
(2) See explanatory notes regarding currency conversion
(3) The term 'Dust' corresponds to item 7105.10 of the
Harmonised System and includes both natural and
synthetic diamond dust
Gold – mine production
(1) In several countries substantial amounts of gold
produced in small operations are not recorded in the
official statistics
Gold – exports and imports
(1) The term 'metal' includes both unwrought and partly
worked gold and alloys but excludes gold coin
(2) Kilograms have been used as the unit except where the
only obtainable figure is the value. In these cases the
national currency figure has been converted to £
sterling.
(3) See explanatory notes regarding currency conversion
Graphite – production
(1) Including all forms of amorphous and crystalline
graphite but excluding synthetic material
Graphite – exports and imports
(1) Excluding synthetic graphite
Gypsum – production
(1) Some countries produce large quantities of synthetic
gypsum. Where possible, this output is excluded
Gypsum – exports & imports
(1) The term ‘crude’ may include some anhydrite
Pig iron – production
(1) Sponge iron and direct reduced iron (DRI) are included
where these have been separately identified
Crude steel – production
(1) Figures include production from scrap unless otherwise
indicated
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys – exports and imports
(1) The term ‘ingots, blooms, billets’ corresponds to items
7206, 7207, 7218 and 7224 of the Harmonised System
which includes those of alloy and high carbon steel
Refined Lead – production
(1) Figures relate to both primary and secondary refined
lead and include the lead content of antimonial lead,
metal recovered from materials by remelting alone is
excluded
Lead – exports and imports
(1) The term ‘unwrought’ lead corresponds to item 7801 of
the Harmonised System and comprises base bullion,
pigs, unwrought bars, etc
(2) The term ‘unwrought’, as used here, includes alloys
unless these are separately identified.
Magnesite and magnesia – exports and imports
(1) The term ‘magnesia’, as used here, includes deadburned, sintered and caustic-burned (caustic calcined)
material
Manganese – exports and imports
(1) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under Iron,
Steel and Ferro-alloys
Mercury – production
(1) Several countries are believed to have unrecorded
production of mercury from copper electrowinning
processes and by recovery from effluents
Mica – exports and imports
(1) Data show unmanufactured mica and include sheet,
block, splittings, ground and waste, unless these are
separately specified. Mica powder is included under the
term ‘ground’
Molybdenum – exports and imports
(1) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under Iron,
Steel and Ferro-alloys
Nickel – smelter/refinery production
(1) Data relate to refined nickel plus the nickel content of
ferro-nickel, nickel oxide and nickel salts
Nickel – exports and imports
(1) The term ‘unwrought’ nickel corresponds to item 7502
of the Harmonised System which excludes all electroplating anodes
(2) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under Iron,
Steel and Ferro-alloys
Crude petroleum – production
(1) The figures include natural gas liquids
Natural gas – production
(1) Flared or reinjected gas is excluded as far as possible
Natural Gas – exports and imports
(1) This table includes both liquified natural gas (HS code:
271111) in tonnes and natural gas in gaseous state (HS
code 271121) in tonnes of oil equivalent
(2) To convert figures from million tonnes (of oil
equivalent) to billion m3, multiply by 1.11
Platinum group metals – production
(1) Wherever possible, figures relate to quantities of
platinum group metals thought to be recovered from ores
originating in the country stated
(2) Concentrates produced in Spain are believed to be
processed in China to recover platinum group metals
Platinum group metals – exports and imports
(1) The term ‘Platinum’ and/or ‘Platinum metals’ includes
unwrought, partly worked and alloys
(2) Kilograms have been used as the unit except where the
only obtainable figure is the value. In these cases the
national currency figure has been converted to £
sterling.
(3) See explanatory notes regarding currency conversion
Rare earths – exports and imports
(1) Rare earths are taken to include yttrium and scandium
xiii
Salt – production
(1) Refined salt is excluded
(2) Salt is known to be produced in many countries for
which statistics are not available.
Sillimanite minerals – production
(1) A number of other countries produce sillimanite
minerals but details of output are not reported
(2) Production capacity for synthetic mullite also exists in
the United Kingdom but output is believed to be zero
Sillimanite minerals – exports and imports
(1) ‘Sillimanite minerals’ is understood to include any or
all of andalusite, kyanite, sillimanite and mullite
Silver – exports and imports
(1) Excluding silver coin but including silver shipped for
minting
(2) The term ‘metal’ includes both unwrought and partly
worked silver and alloys
Tantalum and niobium – exports and imports
(1) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under Iron,
Steel and Ferro-alloys
Tin – smelter production
(1) Figures include both primary and secondary metal
Tin – exports and imports
(1) The term ‘unwrought’ tin corresponds to item 8001 of
the Harmonised System and comprises ingots, pigs,
unwrought bars, sticks, etc
Titanium minerals – production
(1) The figures refer to gross tonnage of titanium
concentrates
xiv
Titanium – exports and imports
(1) Significant quantities of titanium slag are traded, but it
is not always possible to identify this material in
national trade accounts
(2) So far as possible, the term ‘oxides’, includes oxides
and oxide based pigments classified under Harmonised
System items 2823 and 3206.10
(3) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under Iron,
Steel and Ferro-alloys
Tungsten – exports and imports
(1) Significant amounts of tungsten are traded in the forms
of ammonium paratungstate (APT) and carbide.
Though statistics are included where available, most
countries do not separately distinguish these forms in
their trade accounts
(2) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under Iron,
Steel and Ferro-alloys
Uranium – mine production
(1) Excludes uranium production from decommissioning
operations.
Vanadium – exports and imports
(1) The term ‘pentoxide’ also includes vanadium oxides
and hydroxides, if any
(2) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under Iron,
Steel and Ferro-alloys
Zinc – exports and imports
(1) The term ‘unwrought’ zinc corresponds to item 7901 of
the Harmonised System and comprises blocks, pigs,
slabs, etc
Zirconium – exports and imports
(1) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under Iron,
Steel and Ferro-alloys
STATISTICAL TABLES BY COUNTRY
Austria
Austria
Production
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel (a)
Crushed rock (a)
Cement
Cement, clinker
Cement, finished
Copper, refined
Graphite (b)
Gypsum (c)
Iron ore (d)
Pig iron
Crude steel
Ferro-alloys
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-vanadium
Kaolin
Lead, refined
Magnesite
Nickel, smelter/refinery
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Salt
Rock salt
Salt in brine
Sulphur and pyrites
Recovered (e)
Talc
Tungsten
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
32 440 624
33 867 686
30 238 150
29 784 794
30 182 855
24 399 380
35 507 353
26 866 150
31 285 739
26 348 996
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
287 911
6 131 257
106 700
250
1 087 259
2 032 671
5 795 000
7 594 000
160 223
4 847 862
96 200
750
910 945
2 002 131
4 353 000
5 662 000
54 369
4 499 402
113 700
420
872 273
2 068 853
5 621 000
7 206 000
131 734
4 291 449
112 500
925
815 438
2 206 910
5 815 000
7 474 000
* 130 000
4 162 406
95 000
219
791 961
2 142 255
5 751 000
7 421 000
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
million m3
4 500
2 000
6 300
16 460
26 900
837 476
500
861 639
1 544
4 000
2 500
6 200
18 148
22 200
544 716
700
905 031
1 559
4 000
2 500
8 000
18 914
25 500
757 063
1 000
875 969
1 713
4 000
2 500
8 000
18 897
26 200
867 912
1 000
838 052
1 591
4 000
2 500
8 000
* 14 000
24 504
778 810
1 000
837 561
1 729
tonnes
tonnes
503
866 674
50
1 035 044
95
1 071 842
169
1 150 474
222
3 193 216
tonnes (sulphur content)
tonnes
tonnes (metal content)
48 024
154 577
1 122
48 624
111 388
887
40 512
138 367
975
48 612
132 018
861
47 572
134 665
706
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
3 130 358
2 634 211
2 828 621
2 646 753
2 387 082
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 202
4 120
109 757
90 825
2 440
546
2 332
98 966
118 028
1 276
1
3 236
151 559
122 057
345
897
2 344
209 748
105 138
618
11 944
2 465
211 491
128 589
766
tonnes
5 225
4 350
3 447
4 954
4 513
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
243 906
344 338
82 570
146 991
272 440
56 934
46 560
213 082
50 592
173 312
330 710
25 432
121 529
299 060
21 521
tonnes
tonnes
833
6 596
333
5 845
4
10 245
1 163
2 138
413
565
Note(s)
(1) Austria is also believed to produce arsenic and bentonite
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Sales
Crude
Including anhydrite
Including micaceous iron oxide
From petroleum refining and/or natural gas
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Barytes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
2
Austria
Exports continued
Commodity
Cobalt
Metal
Copper
Matte and cement
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Diamond
Unsorted
Gem, cut
Dust
Diatomite
Feldspar
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Unwrought
Scrap
Lithium
Carbonate
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
Magnesia
Mercury
Mica
Molybdenum
Metal (a)
Natural gas
Nickel
Unwrought (b)
Scrap
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Potash
Potassic fertilisers
Rare earths
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Salt
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
Tin
Unwrought (b)
Scrap
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
31
60
72
60
111
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
719
75
114 903
938
35 582
3 109
217
115 480
1 058
50 748
960
7 636
135 132
804
52 702
0
7 780
128 551
690
55 454
—
1 049
124 897
528
60 033
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
tonnes
£71 000
£5 778 000
£165 000
3 043
15 194
£189 000
£4 053 000
£260 000
3 286
14 025
£729 000
£3 564 000
£225 000
3 467
13 474
£3 302 000
£6 211 000
£66 000
2 756
11 807
£170 000
£3 657 000
£34 000
3 550
11 452
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
18 700
2 200
8 853
18 800
2 700
6 260
27 800
5 900
9 518
22 500
2 900
9 936
18 000
1 600
5 562
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
26 402
89 906
139
20 694
78 839
339
19 124
55 927
564
23 007
76 548
413
18 485
79 280
10 652
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
7 539
7 541
5 412
284 063
1 351 725
2 445
2 354
5 953
4 795
187 410
1 067 926
8 954
4 476
2 618
7 403
190 343
1 034 398
27 908
3
1 690
597
293 647
950 865
6 588
74
2 291
1 643
238 922
1 008 503
6 958
tonnes
tonnes
13 844
600
12 512
2 173
16 427
871
15 619
729
13 329
983
tonnes
28
10
170
166
9
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
602
28 779
200
4 274
1 746
26 716
2 000
3 328
989
39 589
(a)* 3 300
4 303
780
79 519
(a)* 1 600
4 245
774
71 453
(a)* 500
4 024
tonnes
tonnes
* 3 000
2 812 303
* 1 800
2 164 960
* 2 300
2 645 056
* 2 800
2 945 349
* 2 500
1 995 157
tonnes
tonnes
225
1 910
265
1 775
208
1 606
234
2 709
351
2 633
kilograms
kilograms
£52 298 000
£621 000
£38 485 000
£295 000
£83 434 000
£1 070 000
£110 119 000
£757 000
£105 895 000
£733 000
tonnes
14 613
13 843
20 259
19 304
21 653
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
373
2 702
8 508
388 681
244
2 035
8 437
491 981
258
1 936
8 658
500 126
452
1 167
4 902
392 506
500
888
5 696
404 069
kilograms
95 000
98 600
100 300
136 000
155 200
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
2 672
3 292
3 906
135 390
1 740
472
7 423
106 423
2 794
90
1 145
106 271
2 887
140
746
115 967
2 579
131
2 138
121 264
tonnes
20
35
27
29
21
tonnes
tonnes
177
141
71
53
60
49
98
56
103
54
3
Austria
Exports continued
Commodity
Titanium
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal (a)
Zinc
Unwrought (b)
Scrap
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
717
6 444
203
5 344
129
5 956
224
4 794
317
3 965
tonnes
* 1 600
* 4 300
* 3 000
* 2 400
* 2 200
tonnes
tonnes
13 794
8 176
5 703
6 052
8 532
5 757
9 776
8 583
6 410
8 591
Note(s)
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
(b) Including alloys
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Oxide
Barytes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Bromine
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Cobalt
Metal
Oxides
Copper
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Diamond
Unsorted
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Diatomite
Feldspar
Fluorspar
4
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
3 447 013
2 924 359
2 284 169
2 184 095
2 521 253
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
21 727
55 639
20 205
154 792
218 902
170 315
2 370
27 193
13 219
103 145
175 583
168 055
8 489
47 681
12 914
177 751
239 493
268 845
7 842
53 232
12 821
197 795
280 502
282 707
6 169
40 520
14 603
131 764
314 594
304 272
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
63
245
6 234
64
192
2 733
37
249
3 115
214
204
4 711
267
156
5 157
tonnes
68 703
66 575
90 229
83 313
91 208
tonnes
kilograms
148
488 000
80
65 300
130
318 400
138
238 900
139
384 600
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
456 127
753 529
40 766
404 998
639 545
52 715
407 616
637 550
71 535
393 132
913 116
60 349
297 009
797 976
54 115
tonnes
tonnes
42 008
8 006
25 891
4 325
54 945
6 109
20 921
7 868
33 317
4 854
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
4 388
4 114 518
46 392
26 474
3 454
4 079 423
72 734
30 538
3 774
3 614 354
68 777
34 999
5 760
3 359 294
74 609
35 695
5 932
3 339 262
75 705
26 598
tonnes
tonnes
740
40
331
5
653
10
718
9
730
8
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
39 590
8 855
1 866
113 109
24 445
4 868
1 617
134 063
36 218
10 361
1 412
145 903
44 412
16 680
1 376
130 675
42 637
8 374
2 183
127 187
Carats
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
£1 648 000
£8 881 000
£473 000
33 000 000
12 561
1 928
3 405
£543 000
£9 795 000
£313 000
17 000 000
16 327
1 933
1 956
£729 000
£9 838 000
£193 000
30 000 000
13 324
2 433
3 490
£3 371 000
£19 112 000
£5 500
38 000 000
12 798
2 804
2 911
£406 050
£10 309 000
£149 000
30 500 000
12 452
2 442
2 935
Austria
Imports continued
Commodity
Units
Gold
Metal
kilograms
Waste and scrap
kilograms
Graphite
tonnes
Gypsum
Crude
tonnes
Calcined
tonnes
Iodine
kilograms
Iron ore (a)
tonnes
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
tonnes
Sponge and powder
tonnes
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-magnesium
tonnes
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-molybdenum
tonnes
Ferro-nickel
tonnes
Ferro-niobium
tonnes
Ferro-phosphorus
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
tonnes
Ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten tonnes
Ferro-vanadium
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Silicon metal
tonnes
Ingots, blooms, billets
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Lead
Unwrought
tonnes
Lithium
Carbonate
tonnes
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
tonnes
Magnesia
tonnes
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Mercury
kilograms
Mica
tonnes
Molybdenum
Metal
tonnes
Nickel
Unwrought (b)
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas
tonnes
Phosphate rock
tonnes
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
kilograms
Waste and scrap
kilograms
Potash
Sulphate
tonnes
Chloride
tonnes
Other potassic fertilisers
tonnes
Rare earths
Metals
tonnes
Cerium compounds
tonnes
Other rare earth compounds
tonnes
Salt
tonnes
Sillimanite minerals
tonnes
Silver
Metal
kilograms
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
72 300
400
30 863
86 500
1 700
4 622
56 600
1 400
18 501
63 500
2 400
21 867
47 300
3 300
9 272
10 118
67 712
139 700
7 996 632
12 098
73 588
204 100
6 095 762
22 432
70 850
213 000
9 309 860
84 817
72 696
198 500
9 966 338
36 806
77 931
147 200
9 628 923
43 663
56 471
47 748
430
36 491
22 322
1 552
61
1 125
2 011
27 850
879
1 277
289
1 590
15 601
191 426
1 629 170
226 682
30 084
13 980
20 400
79
18 962
17 927
801
1
665
1 095
12 825
388
208
32
1 764
7 288
46 762
1 196 327
192 860
25 355
13 537
29 355
132
17 840
22 976
742
...
1 061
1 232
27 063
471
552
166
3 549
11 497
159 527
991 574
194 396
30 367
18 585
38 422
150
21 671
19 931
1 402
973
1 191
2 497
33 709
630
715
65
4 806
10 180
186 929
1 016 301
187 831
18 706
90 782
35 000
97
21 540
18 862
1 503
906
1 865
610
38 402
607
624
300
3 067
7 189
196 328
1 007 906
171 310
27 475
21 580
19 391
31 675
29 938
333
327
402
463
359
2 319
248 037
937
21 708
848
272 232
1 512
214 788
1 069
180 117
215
14 275
587
857
184
11 512
360
492
152
16 696
383
874
334
21 123
200
656
222
21 692
294
625
1 502
430
548
951
440
10 511
82
1 164
7 945 639
7 136 000
(c)* 158 000
4 142
11
367
7 428 183
7 566 509
(c)* 58 000
6 894
15
440
6 770 069
8 697 934
(c)* 160 000
9 231
8
527
7 358 582
9 390 448
61 030
8 830
247
1 917
7 463 478
10 043 171
(c)* 6 500
700
100
1 600
—
1 400
100
4 100
21 400
500
1 100
10 432
119 347
25 862
4 241
28 000
9 139
15 074
105 299
18 201
9 595
102 028
9 418
15 636
132 302
12 312
561
3 487
3 589
105 335
2 639
269
1 985
2 471
230 979
1 353
550
1 766
3 375
293 799
2 089
325
1 310
1 646
291 187
2 224
442
696
802
162 790
3 093
441 900
431 500
481 800
804 000
331 500
5
Austria
Imports continued
Commodity
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
Tin
Unwrought (b)
Titanium
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Carbide
Vanadium
Vanadiferous residues
Ores and concentrates
Zinc
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Zirconium
Concentrates
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
3 754
89 038
17 842
68 797
1 614
68 881
14 961
37 648
3 154
75 065
15 331
74 554
3 321
70 892
22 109
93 985
3 340
49 910
16 997
86 891
tonnes
—
—
17
4
5
tonnes
2 679
1 915
2 923
3 403
3 186
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
520
2 455
30 861
362
1 346
28 258
477
1 381
28 288
580
2 590
32 258
284
3 130
21 255
tonnes
tonnes
435
...
369
568
632
1 268
1 471
1 241
1 017
1 076
tonnes
tonnes
* 36 000
460
* 35 000
...
* 46 000
...
* 46 000
...
* 46 000
...
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
61 877
33 911
210
37 864
27 886
596
37 560
34 411
298
47 394
38 759
4 827
51 634
34 920
9 832
tonnes
2 163
1 298
1 680
1 994
1 344
Note(s)
(a) Including burnt pyrites
(b) Including alloys
(c) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
6
Belgium
Belgium
Production
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Arsenic
Cement
Cement, clinker
Cement, finished
Cobalt metal (a)
Copper, refined
Indium
Pig iron
Crude steel
Kaolin
Lead, refined
Selenium metal
Tin
Zinc
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
* 11 000 000
* 42 000 000
* 1 000
* 16 000 000
* 43 000 000
* 1 000
* 14 000 000
* 44 000 000
* 1 000
* 15 000 000
* 49 000 000
* 1 000
* 15 000 000
* 50 000 000
* 1 000
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
...
7 135 000
3 020
395 800
* 30
6 977 000
10 673 000
* 300 000
104 000
* 200
9 200
251 000
1 123 722
6 113 000
2 150
373 600
* 30
3 087 000
5 635 000
* 300 000
109 000
* 200
8 700
137 000
858 871
5 990 000
2 600
389 000
* 30
4 688 000
7 973 000
* 300 000
121 000
* 200
9 900
260 000
* 800 000
6 844 000
3 187
393 600
* 30
4 700 000
8 026 000
* 300 000
119 000
* 200
10 000
282 000
726 690
6 280 000
4 200
401 600
* 30
4 073 000
7 301 000
* 300 000
119 000
* 200
11 400
250 000
Note(s)
(1) Belgium is also believed to produce sulphur
(a) Some metal production in China is recorded in Belgium
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxide
Arsenic
Metallic arsenic
Barytes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Bromine
Cadmium
Metal
Oxide
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
15 097 819
13 354 957
12 427 043
13 083 592
12 886 680
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
53 444
4 858
160 684
32 273
179 137
44 530
5 666
121 708
22 665
219 846
48 683
7 516
257 888
14 204
274 819
37 533
21 284
150 542
30 285
321 484
36 651
5 218
95 405
61 019
311 716
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
228
494
9 636
530
533
8 811
433
776
10 599
274
732
10 417
1 187
259
7 818
tonnes
tonnes
77
1 381
42
2 638
114
3 216
120
213
191
1 713
tonnes
34 034
36 263
28 632
28 512
31 222
tonnes
kilograms
162
20 752 500
413
17 466 300
1
12 619 000
6
25 002 100
4
25 239 600
tonnes
tonnes
442
4 677
452
4 033
459
4 413
545
3 734
690
3 764
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
893 494
1 960 360
556 870
936 451
1 722 252
417 798
582 766
1 676 150
410 909
744 707
1 729 402
353 126
638 496
1 631 167
253 759
tonnes
tonnes
48 086
772
15 562
1 226
18 415
1 311
13 945
1 010
34 801
676
7
Belgium
Exports continued
Commodity
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Cobalt
Ore
Metal (a)
Copper
Ores and concentrates
Matte and cement
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Diamond
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Diatomite
Feldspar
Fluorspar
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron ore
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Lithium
Oxides
Carbonate
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
Magnesia
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Mercury
Mica
Molybdenum
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxides
8
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 400 377
4 416 217
10 581
11 331
675 097
4 640 602
7 267
11 452
1 652 015
4 211 655
18 781
18 899
1 915 992
2 560 811
42 164
40 374
1 668 940
3 566 699
51 514
41 363
tonnes
tonnes
1 112
* 7 000
1 227
* 4 700
633
* 4 400
2 431
* 2 400
362
* 2 300
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
2 155
4 139
10 533
257 907
10 954
162 090
4 594
2 432
11 570
248 500
9 253
110 355
4 549
6 935
42 836
189 253
12 116
141 380
2 046
9 042
40 660
187 595
11 763
165 713
3 242
10 231
27 586
242 533
12 436
168 705
Carats
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
99 500 000
5 950 000
500 000
£14 405 000
2 612
994
156 066
85 500 000
5 178 000
1 670 000
£11 148 000
1 907
1 117
84 491
113 000 000
6 034 000
3 320 000
£13 948 000
3 004
64
122 483
90 500 000
6 232 100
3 170 746
£12 800 000
3 122
317
118 782
89 000 000
* 280 000
* 5 900 000
£11 590 000
2 690
417
147 771
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
24 538
134 500
3 815
25 683
29 100
2 634
22 842
173 700
993
6 200
67 800
1 316
12 900
58 600
1 716
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
89 626
3 817
3 560 100
85 701
113 954
1 823
2 582 300
178 567
92 533
177 046
3 989 500
366 331
101 382
(a)* 195 000
3 584 800
455 069
72 899
(a)* 184 000
3 391 900
76 216
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
283 034
20 732
38 927
12 463
24 024
40 777
17 759
54 905
12 686
6 673
908 563
3 250 800
1 030 076
160 120
14 655
20 403
15 645
9 915
31 374
16 396
47 214
2 988
5 954
279 680
3 245 159
783 512
254 854
35 395
25 965
5 849
26 544
48 652
19 593
23 071
4 137
8 522
487 535
3 754 403
523 697
255 067
10 029
23 538
1 549
41 161
47 762
20 134
33 676
16 124
8 396
484 510
3 533 560
232 664
232 381
14 734
26 098
666
43 319
10 280
21 760
25 595
8 045
2 327
336 540
3 618 789
219 024
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
114 105
95 878
18 336
148 562
108 442
21 962
101 160
145 571
21 479
167 055
130 655
18 945
136 787
127 052
18 051
tonnes
tonnes
1 281
3 567
781
3 042
2 284
4 539
1 890
4 428
2 320
4 985
tonnes
tonnes
1 911
81 909
876
59 644
1 235
96 513
914
58 237
150
49 561
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
8 578
1 947
110 800
2 127
5 192
714
1 400
1 562
4 444
1 185
11 500
1 590
9 982
1 625
600
2 363
4 236
1 447
8 700
3 587
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
11 314
243
379
15 581
105
91
24 396
371
83
25 337
128
366
19 444
204
688
Belgium
Exports continued
Commodity
Nickel
Mattes, sinters etc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Oxides
Scrap
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Phosphate rock
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Potash
Chloride
Rare earths
Metals
Rare earth compounds
Salt
Sillimanite minerals
Silver
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
Tin
Concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Titanium
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Titanium slag
Tungsten
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Carbide
Vanadium
Ores and concentrates
Pentoxide
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Zirconium
Concentrates
Metal
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
115
2 750
13 298
2 152
1 196
2 872
2 496 349
59 248 950
84 619
921
1 212
11 883
2 479
834
6 883
2 390 390
7 659 165
15 792
697
724
9 271
1 357
221
3 443
2 593 653
11 792 847
30 744
2 380
1 161
9 684
1 838
910
7 430
2 278 613
23 022 897
62 021
3 328
—
11 517
3 838
498
2 407
2 085 993
* 27 000 000
63 004
kilograms
kilograms
8 400
649 800
10 700
315 200
7 500
497 000
8 900
218 400
5 300
31 200
tonnes
10 631
58 784
64 018
100 097
217 498
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
299
408
61 012
62 423
273
335
125 255
39 809
476
332
288 679
53 940
110
265
354 644
51 011
134
141
151 767
35 685
kilograms
kilograms
33 100
41 900
6 200
69 900
12 300
21 800
2 149 800
197 000
1 409 800
311 900
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
75 305
368
139 619
74 232
345
112 983
21 533
193
128 526
34 087
83
125 040
10 274
119
109 253
tonnes
26
2
4
2
2
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
161
7 274
2 448
233
42
4 753
5 000
127
127
5 114
6 236
207
95
4 261
6 427
1 195
107
7 428
5 018
308
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
100 134
1 157
401 906
5 085
58 654
1 087
369 495
...
106 478
895
435 415
...
116 859
1 405
390 405
...
119 931
1 560
345 752
...
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
62
405
36
120
422
32
27
723
92
406
368
92
544
657
77
tonnes
tonnes
327
8
131
47
...
80
...
...
...
65
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
733 794
8 359
...
15 585
785 125
13 590
...
16 644
749 582
155 654
...
14 540
725 335
296 197
154 258
11 652
859 086
277 418
140 766
15 063
tonnes
tonnes
16 056
157
28 907
125
17 417
187
12 021
272
13 246
186
Note(s)
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
9
Belgium
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Oxide
Arsenic
Metallic arsenic
Asbestos
Unmanufactured
Barytes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Bromine
Cadmium
Metal
Oxide
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Cobalt
Ore
Metal
Copper
Ores and concentrates
Matte and cement
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Diamond
Unsorted
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Diatomite
Feldspar
Fluorspar
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap (a)
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron ore
Iron ore
Burnt pyrites
10
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
25 172 064
22 175 332
22 484 726
23 911 051
22 934 219
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
88 892
13 959
34 834
319 471
236 550
196 947
40 837
7 265
29 635
322 792
126 490
204 621
75 600
19 028
34 978
517 946
193 103
228 517
52 727
20 406
52 806
412 600
218 350
257 366
41 111
25 501
36 956
400 947
159 147
249 187
tonnes
tonnes
8 837
801
7 511
624
10 280
904
9 451
831
7 195
1 822
tonnes
65
17
114
634
284
tonnes
tonnes
6
5 959
166
4 490
0
5 637
0
4 294
...
12 095
tonnes
74 216
62 885
72 971
91 291
68 771
tonnes
kilograms
190
26 540 000
9
20 618 700
1
18 693 500
45
28 221 500
16
28 260 600
tonnes
tonnes
5 511
10
3 439
28
6 456
43
5 932
109
3 683
7
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
627 133
954 591
292 741
684 634
819 923
252 247
740 528
1 030 282
172 609
717 664
1 113 638
158 441
649 014
1 310 336
163 298
tonnes
tonnes
56 183
1 097
19 050
871
25 350
1 593
22 896
3 023
39 090
977
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
3 964 878
10 171 283
365 152
20 943
1 436 499
5 807 413
256 167
31 346
2 660 267
6 851 382
362 257
27 379
3 382 132
5 887 514
411 424
53 793
2 377 808
7 104 464
425 918
40 447
tonnes
tonnes
185
255
272
249
156
222
379
368
349
246
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
12 039
4 482
206 660
54 380
1 749
249 718
17 378
36 352
212 932
79 524
2 669
215 202
10 554
29 857
191 159
61 447
4 917
272 816
13 735
41 741
206 987
34 734
5 134
255 661
1 278
40 104
181 032
71 465
2 971
303 702
Carats
Carats
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
526 381
55 000 000
4 500 000
8 000 000
63 000 000
8 353
34 837
169 219
495 270
44 000 000
500 000
3 500 000
35 000 000
6 414
27 113
91 928
462 450
63 000 000
3 000 000
3 000 000
61 000 000
11 813
24 495
134 266
418 531
67 500 000
3 000 000
1 000 000
58 000 000
10 815
22 623
145 776
* 410 000
54 500 000
500 000
2 500 000
68 500 000
7 143
17 062
173 038
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
15 600
* 61 400
3 624
13 100
* 115 800
5 048
10 100
* 339 000
7 243
9 100
* 141 000
7 473
9 400
* 807 000
6 109
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
1 231 279
505 792
3 586 200
702 104
424 465
3 189 200
616 338
396 873
4 087 700
683 957
507 725
3 814 500
838 204
455 117
4 663 100
tonnes
tonnes
12 329 299
431
3 254 834
23 648
7 567 453
45
7 425 015
...
6 309 506
—
Belgium
Imports continued
Commodity
Units
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
tonnes
Sponge and powder
tonnes
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-magnesium
tonnes
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-molybdenum
tonnes
Ferro-nickel
tonnes
Ferro-niobium
tonnes
Ferro-phosphorus
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
tonnes
Ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten tonnes
Ferro-vanadium
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Silicon metal
tonnes
Ingots, blooms, billets
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Lead
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Lithium
Oxides
tonnes
Carbonate
tonnes
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
tonnes
Magnesia
tonnes
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Mercury
kilograms
Mica
Unmanufactured
tonnes
Ground
tonnes
Waste
tonnes
Molybdenum
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Nickel
Mattes, sinters etc
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas
tonnes
Phosphate rock
tonnes
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
kilograms
Potash
Sulphate
tonnes
Chloride
tonnes
Other potassic fertilisers
tonnes
Rare earths
Metals
tonnes
Cerium compounds
tonnes
Other rare earth compounds
tonnes
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys tonnes
Salt
tonnes
Sillimanite minerals
Sillimanite minerals
tonnes
Mullite
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
547 962
22 005
378 017
15 483
2 879
83 610
63 577
2 339
89 430
1 530
10 421
118 585
5 572
158
336
6 626
20 015
2 536 024
4 214 915
1 465 754
281 872
19 389
185 381
—
1 292
21 327
36 931
2 215
46 248
1 089
3 124
62 888
2 161
159
246
3 363
18 995
1 966 055
3 678 867
905 784
331 652
39 503
263 715
1 950
1 992
48 471
72 195
2 160
48 017
1 890
2 612
92 785
2 926
229
214
7 039
23 566
2 554 975
4 726 992
1 001 057
320 083
54 212
248 006
10 437
1 716
69 017
77 001
3 261
64 242
1 598
1 459
105 445
2 377
93
146
8 777
21 688
2 916 336
4 634 651
890 863
286 145
42 889
275 926
19 741
1 258
70 732
28 938
3 437
40 217
1 687
1 227
87 805
2 525
249
263
7 451
10 440
2 458 279
4 330 264
868 298
97 474
30 413
25 873
192 496
18 121
34 085
169 356
14 467
31 992
154 976
27 696
33 219
139 771
77 349
26 023
1 851
4 414
1 179
3 410
2 410
4 183
2 953
7 770
2 515
7 205
2 357
141 185
1 412
104 577
3 820
80 845
2 076
70 954
643
58 355
83 909
4 423
133 100
61 980
3 076
15 700
49 731
4 377
57 200
49 393
5 466
12 500
50 509
4 636
505
2 155
5 409
2 067
3 454
3 507
45
2 636
4 086
8
2 395
4 722
120
4 331
3 314
1 212
37 964
358
2 075
37 101
344
968
46 899
142
694
42 498
235
1 204
39 523
304
1 659
1 250
29 492
723
618
566
35 556 835
11 419 294
1 458 207
499
12 037
1 915
565
288
32 376 828
14 431 349
579 326
330
15 052
469
700
918
35 234 358
14 144 704
1 114 210
598
19 170
574
1 033
1 553
34 059 177
13 250 074
1 076 842
1 541
19 032
3 035
576
1 907
35 087 312
12 979 827
1 038 397
300
1 200
1 000
400
400
175 205
912 154
10 125
73 074
428 365
7 668
129 152
1 173 213
13 668
120 335
1 259 385
13 771
15 461
740 726
3 794
259
258
142
3
1 174 539
323
419
292
62
1 319 896
411
323
172
2
1 751 650
205
289
58
0
2 001 517
136
146
41
7
1 272 556
6 683
2 149
40 549
432
53 115
1 955
50 427
1 690
32 683
4 139
11
Belgium
Imports continued
Commodity
Silver
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Tin
Concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Titanium
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Vanadium
Ores and concentrates
Pentoxide
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Zirconium
Concentrates
Metal
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
kilograms
kilograms
253 700
351 300
1 567 600
225 700
6 000 300
86 500
7 619 600
71 100
25 085 300
80 200
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
611 170
1 852
194 823
460 990
750
149 757
592 348
621
183 625
562 688
473
175 662
568 833
558
163 309
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
318
1 100
2 235
2 422
16
1 350
2 638
2 327
200
1 131
3 289
3 560
488
847
2 785
3 551
253
1 365
3 109
7 001
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
204 688
3 739
132 327
110 028
2 132
108 582
181 688
1 743
* 314 200
213 276
1 582
114 760
205 930
1 160
97 229
tonnes
401
326
402
321
202
tonnes
tonnes
200
38
123
94
...
123
...
95
...
364
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
(a)* 805 000
205 745
8 075
40 657
(a)* 444 500
237 741
13 299
61 433
1 129 207
189 980
10 613
68 233
1 182 797
280 492
11 844
66 665
1 194 208
267 917
30 383
57 765
tonnes
tonnes
17 337
433
28 897
213
17 469
370
12 317
480
12 682
309
Note(s)
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
12
Bulgaria
Bulgaria
Production
Commodity
Units
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
tonnes
Crushed rock
tonnes
Barytes
tonnes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
tonnes
Bismuth
tonnes (metal content)
Cadmium
tonnes
Cement
Cement, clinker
tonnes
Cement, finished
tonnes
Coal
Brown coal
tonnes
Lignite
tonnes
Copper, mine (a)
tonnes (metal content)
Copper, smelter
tonnes
Copper, refined
tonnes
Feldspar
tonnes
Fluorspar
tonnes
Gold
kilograms (metal content)
Gypsum
tonnes
Pig iron
tonnes
Crude steel
tonnes
Ferro-alloys
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Lead, mine (a)
tonnes (metal content)
Lead, refined
tonnes
Manganese ore
tonnes
Perlite
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas
million m3
Salt
tonnes
Silver
kilograms (metal content)
Zinc, mine (a)
tonnes
Slab zinc
tonnes (metal content)
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
19 697 937
21 094 047
40 100
12 882 651
15 667 880
14 300
5 199 000
16 876 900
500
10 054 205
17 979 678
200
9 293 819
18 281 353
—
178 700
* 45
376
108 400
* 45
413
99 700
* 45
389
53 900
* 45
427
77 900
* 45
363
3 509 817
4 900 336
1 858 850
2 660 176
2 071 100
1 981 971
1 475 700
1 889 502
* 1 500 000
1 754 204
2 643 200
26 007 800
107 195
257 100
126 700
* 90 000
—
4 160
21 200
441 000
1 330 000
2 243 800
25 014 800
110 652
256 200
196 900
* 80 000
32
4 482
127 600
—
726 000
2 321 200
27 148 300
112 904
265 000
216 000
* 80 000
10
4 489
109 200
—
744 000
2 743 500
34 496 200
114 603
285 000
226 100
* 80 000
31 800
5 302
114 800
—
835 000
* 2 700 000
31 040 700
118 255
264 200
226 000
* 80 000
69 700
7 058
113 700
—
633 000
6 000
* 220 000
14 577
90 900
39 100
7 400
23 000
218
2 100 000
* 55 000
101 700
12 819
* 3 000
* 140 000
12 981
83 100
28 300
14 800
23 800
15
1 300 000
* 55 000
92 700
9 339
—
* 190 000
12 705
80 600
106 000
—
22 400
74
1 900 000
* 55 000
93 800
9 904
—
* 250 000
14 369
71 000
85 600
—
21 400
443
2 200 000
* 55 000
88 400
10 977
—
* 240 000
15 949
66 000
39 100
3 700
22 900
390
2 100 000
* 55 000
73 100
12 116
Note(s)
(1) Bulgaria is also believed to produce chromite, magnesite and sulphur
(a) Metal content of ore
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Barytes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Cadmium
Metal
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
268 120
76 129
262 166
325 857
513 135
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
8 931
18 478
46 907
2 775
20 577
14 326
6 798
31 728
505
7 555
26 302
231
5 866
25 579
—
tonnes
103 106
79 359
72 183
67 118
63 090
tonnes
374
569
474
421
394
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
120 588
130 932
22 589
14 836
109 923
394
5 246
164 404
1 772
8 131
190 570
6 516
296 372
269 199
21 341
13
Bulgaria
Exports continued
Commodity
Chromium
Metal
Coal
Hard coal (a)
Lignite
Copper
Ores and concentrates
Matte and cement
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Scrap
Feldspar
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
Iodine
Iron ore
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
Molybdenum
Metal
Nickel
Scrap
Platinum metals
Waste and scrap (b)
Salt
Silver
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Titanium
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (c)
Scrap
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
...
...
...
603
304
tonnes
tonnes
36 095
53
11 511
5 862
76 508
9 525
126 229
2 744
133 470
635
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
105 889
3 559
146 271
105 747
10 547
16 912
134 910
4 749
73 379
153 025
10 717
15 007
86 171
5 048
7 926
206 309
18 226
19 087
131 874
5 827
10 844
353 450
12 982
19 329
204 416
4 565
70 347
202 885
12 318
19 414
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
787
200
...
11 965
300
12 705
3 641
600
1
10 953
600
—
21 872
500
26 823
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
23 553
288
2 076
550
85 466
740 414
139 069
1 420
...
2 890
9 867
54 115
510 997
119 736
1 141
19
980
2 115
30 327
949 000
159 669
854
1
248
312
24 822
850 898
197 114
1 249
136
1 563
907
14 564
730 749
193 385
tonnes
tonnes
9 555
80 972
4 188
77 713
4 611
78 977
9 331
68 472
2 120
64 354
tonnes
429
—
—
537
241
tonnes
17 369
29 715
163 257
91 110
76 140
tonnes
123
132
122
355
133
tonnes
48
364
1 220
2
...
kilograms
tonnes
* 1 400
8 239
* 44 000
2 689
* 16 000
1 078
* 23 000
6 074
* 10 000
170
kilograms
kilograms
...
36 516
...
58 565
...
37 300
8 900
35 200
...
49 000
tonnes
28 993
20 840
40 286
38 097
41 601
tonnes
tonnes
835
94
2
677
—
584
849
987
64
408
tonnes
20
2
80
11
12
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
7 982
96 678
1 293
2 076
87 008
2 226
22
81 332
1 949
1 607
71 894
2 021
—
57 768
2 185
Note(s)
(a) Including anthracite
(b) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
(c) Including alloys
14
Bulgaria
Imports
Commodity
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Primary aggregates
tonnes
Aluminium and bauxite
Alumina
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Arsenic
Metallic arsenic
tonnes
Barytes
tonnes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
tonnes
Cement
Cement clinkers
tonnes
Portland cement
tonnes
Other cement
tonnes
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Coal
Anthracite
tonnes
Other coal
tonnes
Briquettes
tonnes
Copper
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Matte and cement
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Diamond
Dust
Carats
Feldspar
tonnes
Fluorspar
tonnes
Gold
Metal
kilograms
Graphite
tonnes
Gypsum
Crude
tonnes
Calcined
tonnes
Iodine
kilograms
Iron ore
Iron ore
tonnes
Burnt pyrites
tonnes
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
tonnes
Sponge and powder
tonnes
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-magnesium
tonnes
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
tonnes
Ferro-vanadium
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Ingots, blooms, billets
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Lead
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Magnesite and magnesia
tonnes
Molybdenum
Metal
tonnes
Nickel
Unwrought (a)
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Phosphate rock
tonnes
41 256
22 189
14 843
15 075
18 661
1 370
42 738
18 557
4 028
1 859
39 759
16 050
3 014
2 887
44 468
27 444
6 897
1 875
43 192
35 685
4 625
3 429
43 405
42 685
1 582
12
36
11
57
3
155
10
112
10
848
3 386
2 422
2 548
2 591
2 074
248 737
13 645
1 110
45 002
481 991
955
16 167
448 220
2 510
17 478
431 780
6 147
14 586
436 036
8 567
793
637
671
971
1 086
2 841 458
2 054 649
66 676
1 938 000
1 130 146
10 238
1 858 397
1 081 783
46 754
2 203 775
1 032 074
19
1 132 609
1 080 540
47
609 258
34 997
30 422
23 856
635 039
15 160
8 016
20 730
575 192
13 642
8 272
35 464
836 387
2 006
12 441
52 461
756 349
98
6 982
64 563
7 623 860
31 346
651
4 940 300
54 178
778
7 251 395
86 861
700
7 571 255
86 056
1 742
* 7 641 000
84 230
1 262
8 692
158
56
132
55
66
1 596
65
100
56
12 223
70 280
2 900
15 830
42 086
2 900
6 239
44 383
2 300
11 399
37 323
2 800
6 338
29 471
3 600
208 559
188 923
3 110
15 831
7 991
16 653
1 265
16 679
1 987
11 794
27 941
1 282
656
405
4 206
4 325
3 331
292
97
1 112
567 381
237 055
28 748
6 736
14 572
182
180
3 137
3 479
1 152
34
87
732
306 020
202 276
20 623
14 781
317
356
164
3 137
4 291
2 520
72
91
732
258 743
269 483
23 784
17 521
294
578
183
6 280
6 324
3 246
175
134
4 319
411 534
230 401
25 789
13 807
97
489
177
3 816
6 966
4 203
173
125
5 145
300 224
113 497
29 038
119 522
15 529
5 830
6 296
63 185
10 182
12 145
3 180
81 307
7 283
17 462
5 678
74 810
21 566
4 627
11 378
72 008
21 064
1 660
6 204
15
47
10
193
9
204
7 262 658
534 734
90
5 770 397
309 564
125
5 355 541
455 539
201
4 999 511
570 288
172
5 901 767
535 571
15
Bulgaria
Imports continued
Commodity
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Potash
Potassic fertilisers
Salt
Silver
Metal
Talc
Tin
Unwrought (a)
Titanium
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (a)
Zirconium
Concentrates
Note(s)
(a) Including alloys
16
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
kilograms
613
16
17
5
10
tonnes
tonnes
4 633
103 007
1 970
102 272
7 985
215 355
3 210
214 732
9 948
252 392
kilograms
tonnes
2 189
1 048
871
747
2 408
512
4 300
985
12 800
956
tonnes
69
22
47
359
215
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
42
203
5 955
105
65
5 329
506
19
5 675
486
46
6 454
735
127
4 593
tonnes
9
26
86
16
30
tonnes
tonnes
146 655
5 095
147 579
2 480
167 107
1 761
166 553
2 765
132 500
6 878
tonnes
1 081
573
781
609
95
Croatia
Croatia
Production
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Gypsum
Crude steel
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Salt
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
7 275 077
6 583 880
3 646 572
5 012 106
3 760 275
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
million m3
tonnes
19 759
* 250 000
121 759
867 027
2 729
54 937
—
318 139
54 266
807 424
2 591
57 186
—
248 675
103 429
748 791
2 727
66 835
—
231 008
162 709
664 440
2 471
53 963
—
182 557
1 016
597 246
2 013
45 992
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
2 950 159
3 087 216
1 858 348
992 712
586 991
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
194
194
17 769
124
124
15 779
2 338
1 017
22 346
2 674
2 055
23 009
2 161
2 114
23 867
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
235 377
667 503
468 597
169 394
615 827
276 981
176 403
639 236
601 470
103 281
1 189 738
180 836
284 480
897 747
102 405
tonnes
10 884
10 202
13 329
12 597
14 016
kilograms
88
140
256
1 408
6 046
tonnes
4 738
3 119
10
66
23
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
3 286
3 486
357 487
3 397
7
302 085
6 526
2 495
357 015
5 254
30 004
517 438
2 368
4 041
516 600
tonnes
tonnes
1 872
457 192
1 025
570 296
1 697
347 567
1 842
180 323
1 906
174 291
kilograms
tonnes
27 018
4 530
27 959
9 995
53 996
20 721
24 958
24 561
36 441
21 548
kilograms
163
313
93
839
2 558
tonnes
7 604
8 664
6 565
14 256
15 801
tonnes
417
331
117
172
42
tonnes
700
708
518
676
764
Note(s)
(1) Croatia is also believed to produce sulphur
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Copper
Scrap
Gold
Metal
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Lead
Scrap
Natural gas
Platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Salt
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Titanium
Oxides
Zinc
Scrap
17
Croatia
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Barytes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Coal
Hard coal (a)
Lignite
Briquettes
Copper
Unwrought
Diatomite
Feldspar
Fluorspar
Gold
Metal
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iron ore (b)
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Magnesite and magnesia
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Phosphate rock
Potash
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Salt
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Titanium
Oxides
Zinc
Unwrought (c)
Note(s)
(a) Including anthracite
(b) Including burnt pyrites
(c) Including alloys
18
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
4 618 579
1 871 236
926 574
1 366 197
1 689 891
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
107 237
57 828
20 786
1 525
72 103
37 828
28 251
889
85 634
50 354
29 270
710
66 169
45 493
40 783
125
67 410
54 040
31 807
2 225
tonnes
39 289
22 383
7 852
16 906
5 394
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
50
393 886
7 447
1
393 613
10 620
967
344 352
7 619
144
326 526
4 200
44
315 804
1 001
tonnes
tonnes
568
394
282
307
143
419
190
345
73
404
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 189 379
58 417
2 796
712 873
47 504
1 730
1 112 822
85 413
1 823
1 092 794
85 316
2 302
875 116
44 423
2 175
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
880
511
15 983
289
760
462
14 603
165
944
402
14 763
146
1 627
555
14 001
3 527
744
616
11 676
15 513
kilograms
693
1 221
310
11
11
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
38 120
34 224
17 177
14 470
22 154
12 057
1 608
14 076
20 147
11 421
12 709
2 123
13 269
11 790
2 764
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
15 031
4 790
20 077
19 400
24 009
1 682
3 476 266
855 326
328 599
8 420
2 239
19 396
10 628
14 486
1 289
4 044 874
738 109
117 441
10 343
4 051
6 514
30 395
10 238
1 208
3 517 452
587 846
51 010
14 072
2 490
1 943
44 335
11 278
1 061
2 838 313
579 005
67 007
12 353
1 223
14 199
4 875
8 655
710
2 324 685
971 008
56 303
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
157 994
2 958
176 408
10 538
1 091
197 644
132 471
1 749
287 609
102 879
3 717
190 963
115 375
1 314
201 542
kilograms
3 293
2 353
3 212
3 868
3 309
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
98 785
4
1 709
10 349
51
1 721
2 877
105
1 813
2 752
156
1 578
1 503
142
1 774
tonnes
2 989
2 697
3 000
2 911
206
tonnes
4 656
3 149
3 029
2 886
2 847
Cyprus
Cyprus
Production
Commodity
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
14 174 480
11 467 987
12 981 444
11 816 397
7 308 056
155 125
152 722
162 969
160 625
160 180
—
1 913 620
2 986
2 986
412 000
30 286
1 480 843
2 380
2 380
317 000
—
1 328 763
2 595
2 595
333 000
—
1 206 786
3 660
3 660
335 000
—
1 080 019
4 328
4 328
327 800
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
124 576
38 469
—
2
78
tonnes
4 409
5 934
6 896
6 310
7 688
tonnes
92 089
95 674
98 803
114 923
130 413
tonnes
tonnes
0
—
24 215
27 324
—
12 866
—
42 438
6 535
248 521
tonnes
tonnes
2 986
2 381
2 449
3 400
2 550
4 619
3 660
4 086
4 328
5 435
kilograms
600
700
300
600
1 200
tonnes
279 902
236 427
250 034
248 284
249 250
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
72 106
2 960
956
80 349
...
2 910
96 654
—
7 929
138 529
...
6 260
136 351
—
5 765
kilograms
...
100
400
1 900
2 500
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
28 990
11 564
2 648
1 517
16 792
tonnes
13 413
8 761
9 225
7 104
6 458
tonnes
12 496
5 709
4 629
142
280
tonnes
tonnes
66 787
29 311
15 455
249
29 579
2 512
69 780
545
6 498
416
tonnes
46 258
28 911
7 714
129
164
Carats
Carats
£1 564 000
£1 311 000
£1 724 000
£587 000
£955 000
£1 007 000
£976 000
£944 000
£921 000
£1 474 000
tonnes
15 045
10 807
9 292
6 461
5 165
Primary aggregates
Crushed rock
tonnes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
tonnes
Cement
Cement, clinker
tonnes
Cement, finished
tonnes
Copper, mine
tonnes (metal content)
Copper, refined
tonnes
Gypsum
tonnes
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Scrap
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Copper
Unwrought
Scrap
Gold
Metal
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Scrap
Phosphate rock
Salt
Silver
Metal
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Unwrought (a)
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Coal
Hard coal (b)
Diamond
Gem, cut
Industrial
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
19
Cyprus
Imports continued
Commodity
Units
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals (c)
kilograms
Rare earths
Cerium compounds
tonnes
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys tonnes
Salt
tonnes
Silver
Metal
kilograms
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
tonnes
Talc
tonnes
Titanium
Oxides
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
* 400
...
* 900
* 400
* 11
0
0
13 445
0
...
16 822
24
18
23 836
0
...
20 998
16
—
20 470
2 863
1 993
1 200
2 200
500
895
521
1 011
290
951
307
625
267
604
133
1 603
1 189
1 299
1 141
783
Note(s)
(a) Including alloys
(b) Including anthracite
(c) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
20
Czech Republic
Czech Republic
Production
Commodity
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
27 306 000
44 277 000
23 974 000
41 307 000
19 240 000
37 270 000
21 424 000
36 717 000
18 785 000
32 535 000
235 000
177 000
183 000
160 000
221 000
3 137 828
4 804 845
2 433 746
3 851 100
2 260 561
3 558 536
2 617 072
4 052 558
2 371 207
3 620 330
12 197 000
47 456 000
416 000
31 000
488 000
3 000
35 000
4 737 000
6 387 000
10 621 000
45 354 000
262 000
—
431 000
—
13 000
3 483 000
4 594 000
11 193 000
43 931 000
—
32 000
388 000
—
5 000
3 987 000
5 180 000
10 967 000
46 848 000
—
46 000
407 000
—
11 000
4 137 000
5 583 000
10 796 000
43 710 000
—
43 000
445 000
—
14 000
3 935 207
5 072 082
* 2 800
664 000
36 000
236 000
168
290
* 1 900
488 000
29 000
217 000
180
286
* 3 400
636 000
30 000
173 000
201
259
* 4 600
660 000
34 000
163 000
187
252
* 5 700
624 000
30 000
150 000
204
222
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
699 987
597 101
683 786
1 010 339
645 164
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
197
53 682
59 196
3 069
59 913
49 251
3 861
51 307
71 467
3 659
53 600
89 690
4 065
61 017
85 939
tonnes
133
89
71
107
96
tonnes
105 403
99 584
120 859
143 788
151 474
tonnes
3
—
19
3
4
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
19 039
436 600
196 133
85 427
374 515
156 650
88 236
402 537
218 689
169
844 920
232
10 362
665 669
124
tonnes
tonnes
507
594
369
662
764
21
1 140
103
1 061
31
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
6 393
5 987 431
1 561 097
75 459
2 783
6 025 794
1 207 715
93 479
1 126
6 443 306
1 019 645
90 864
3 463
6 253 274
1 071 038
103 816
3 583
5 368 575
12 779 156
54 148
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
tonnes
Crushed rock
tonnes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
tonnes
Cement
Cement, clinker
tonnes
Cement, finished
tonnes
Coal
Bituminous
tonnes
Brown coal
tonnes
Lignite
tonnes
Diatomite
tonnes
Feldspar
tonnes
Graphite
tonnes
Gypsum
tonnes
Pig iron
tonnes
Crude steel
tonnes
Ferro-alloys
Ferro-vanadium
tonnes
Kaolin (a)
tonnes
Lead, refined
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas
million m3
Uranium, mine
tonnes (metal content)
Note(s)
(1) Czech Republic is also believed to produce sulphur
(a) Beneficiated
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Alumina
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Antimony
Oxide
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
21
Czech Republic
Exports continued
Commodity
Copper
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Diamond
Gem, cut
Diatomite
Feldspar
Fluorspar
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Unwrought
Scrap
Magnesite and magnesia
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
Mercury
Mica
Nickel
Unwrought (a)
Oxides
Scrap
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Phosphate rock
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Potash
Potassic fertilisers
Rare earths
Rare earth compounds
Salt
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Talc
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
Tin
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Titanium
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Carbide
22
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
3 597
4 278
63 825
10 653
3 992
105 230
11 041
3 515
123 688
10 703
2 884
85 202
20 225
1 238
74 592
Carats
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
£3 947 000
4 128
171 596
4 488
£3 046 000
3 789
135 533
6 147
£4 465 000
4 231
129 715
10 575
£7 709 000
5 182
166 859
10 564
£6 721 000
6 751
171 207
9 634
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
4 000
5 200
4 076
9 800
5 600
2 150
12 000
4 400
3 154
21 400
2 700
3 417
5 300
11 700
3 108
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
60 018
7 881
300
10 195
6 430
500
48 605
5 235
1 000
103 363
3 448
2 000
63 751
3 537
4 000
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
30 457
8 780
2 830
13 897
1 375
500 423
1 792 889
233 819
24 041
4 285
1 868
12 274
783
222 780
1 442 865
174 814
65 473
9 806
3 440
23 873
847
320 821
1 814 398
485 203
45 677
7 354
4 603
6 732
584
356 146
2 011 915
537 962
82 769
7 571
5 737
9 311
74
292 066
2 042 131
507 689
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
18 713
8 136
4 540
23 617
4 832
3 728
32 743
1 914
3 809
27 649
2 357
7 096
23 614
1 157
5 997
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
101
6 300
49
—
6 400
59
—
1 100
96
50
1 700
163
383
193
212
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
758
643
601
18 130
—
1 091
228
275
2 420
21 600
834 462
817
126
341
4 558
18 239
1 318 872
—
272
338
3 427
18 685
1 115 748
...
725
380
6 851
21 470
1 034 568
—
kilograms
kilograms
3 400
700
5 200
—
6 800
—
2 900
15 300
2 800
—
tonnes
3 322
6 843
4 235
4 780
3 839
tonnes
tonnes
8
14 116
3
31 068
6
51 289
2
41 658
—
25 883
kilograms
117 325
77 000
74 600
399 700
187 000
tonnes
tonnes
16 670
386
20 153
182
12 124
169
980
298
1 852
214
tonnes
97
62
95
110
86
tonnes
tonnes
86
85
76
118
276
44
18
167
7
191
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
641
84
42 860
452
339
46 753
2 378
358
45 842
504
264
45 437
684
384
43 174
tonnes
tonnes
86
592
30
307
211
803
611
903
1 011
863
Czech Republic
Exports continued
Commodity
Zinc
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
17 258
2 705
19 982
2 716
5 148
4 798
5 147
4 189
7 407
4 432
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
333 726
398 613
353 419
357 455
352 553
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
17 698
28 245
6 916
68 362
124 643
58 424
9 857
5 995
6 672
62 972
108 231
50 379
33 794
7 407
9 547
76 945
135 648
61 802
32 556
7 980
10 052
84 560
153 819
86 969
27 514
7 682
8 851
77 128
141 484
103 385
tonnes
tonnes
131
521
55
209
75
379
64
356
31
411
tonnes
tonnes
25
7 388
0
4 641
0
7 004
0
7 431
0
7 008
tonnes
24 239
25 129
18 472
39 439
43 334
tonnes
kilograms
78
12 000
53
2 600
106
3 100
264
—
110
100
tonnes
463
396
464
487
439
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
134 179
932 685
23 816
101 031
890 776
51 482
121 682
702 257
48 336
44 577
765 382
31 074
86 089
638 364
26 875
tonnes
tonnes
12 990
282
7 798
83
7 975
514
7 986
139
8 413
147
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
39 211
2 181 691
33 579
18 654
24 054
1 761 947
36 617
60 962
24 471
2 016 443
49 426
137 933
95 762
2 286 190
91 889
157 513
121 247
1 833 669
350 322
156 682
tonnes
199
220
60
60
73
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
11 474
3 862
8 677
21 475
3 050
9 639
6 846
3 674
11 804
6 252
3 388
18 859
16 354
1 867
18 874
Carats
Carats
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
116 669
£1 369 000
4 768
11 414
3 440
7 306
£977 000
3 173
5 330
8 626
5 567
£1 704 000
2 753
6 298
14 495
6 796
£1 954 000
3 263
6 527
15 547
* 10 000
£2 057 000
3 829
4 735
15 388
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
3 047
19 140
6 233
3 055
60 440
2 554
2 600
84 000
3 605
23 800
192 500
5 149
3 600
245 400
4 757
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
76 119
75 278
25 200
83 819
53 954
31 900
55 087
33 763
35 100
57 962
34 353
36 500
48 657
33 209
22 600
Note(s)
(a) Including alloys
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Oxide
Arsenic
Metallic arsenic
Barytes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Bromine
Cadmium
Oxide
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Cobalt
Metal
Copper
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Diamond
Gem, cut
Dust
Diatomite
Feldspar
Fluorspar
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
23
Czech Republic
Imports continued
Commodity
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Iron ore (a)
tonnes
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
tonnes
Sponge and powder
tonnes
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-magnesium
tonnes
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-molybdenum
tonnes
Ferro-nickel
tonnes
Ferro-niobium
tonnes
Ferro-phosphorus
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
tonnes
Ferro-vanadium
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Silicon metal
tonnes
Ingots, blooms, billets
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Lead
Unwrought
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
tonnes
Magnesia
tonnes
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Mercury
kilograms
Mica
tonnes
Molybdenum
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Nickel
Unwrought (b)
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas
tonnes
Phosphate rock
tonnes
Platinum metals
Platinum
kilograms
Platinum metals
kilograms
Waste and scrap
kilograms
Potash
Chloride
tonnes
Other potassic fertilisers
tonnes
Rare earths
Metals
tonnes
Rare earth compounds
tonnes
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys tonnes
Salt
tonnes
Sillimanite minerals
tonnes
Silver
Ores and concentrates
kilograms
Metal
kilograms
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
tonnes
Sulphur
tonnes
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
tonnes
Talc
tonnes
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
tonnes
Tin
Unwrought (b)
tonnes
6 799 756
4 803 009
5 902 011
7 363 983
5 870 744
111 872
24 791
26 043
1 402
33 704
48 962
2 049
3
394
716
37 230
482
578
4 425
5 826
525 598
502 256
20 662
47 666
10 006
14 715
564
23 630
34 418
949
2
183
410
23 936
160
299
2 709
4 408
220 524
377 942
13 228
54 625
15 391
16 962
820
26 204
40 732
1 868
96
275
645
31 908
239
482
3 012
5 805
651 182
410 647
14 125
76 416
24 059
10 933
1 061
25 281
41 411
2 401
136
310
650
33 418
317
472
2 749
5 809
322 206
472 576
18 733
67 036
18 754
9 658
699
24 826
39 572
3 415
47
360
451
29 475
212
526
2 358
4 910
352 697
475 327
17 045
59 318
4 672
65 896
4 150
81 762
2 901
36 233
2 763
60 258
2 560
4 193
54 246
3 460
38 048
7 108
38 862
4 578
40 975
5 270
43 235
15 715
2 542
3 700
1 958
16 063
2 219
4 400
981
25 758
984
2 400
2 513
28 810
907
4 400
740
335
521
2 600
915
284
560
1 040
127
184
82
118
104
79
57
3 728
838
473
8 141 759
6 264 909
20 928
2 179
319
1 468
7 451 765
7 080 247
543
2 223
393
1 257
7 770 418
7 471 522
9 917
3 750
399
178
6 968 871
7 175 884
13 163
2 799
307
1 311
7 024 223
5 652 749
21
42 358
47 932
4 414
81 500
600
772
25 000
17 700
7 835
2 100
100
54 300
13 100
100
169 600
28 052
5 025
36 125
2 430
82 710
4 773
87 248
3 410
75 651
3 377
0
155
5
610 149
5 829
0
124
5
711 374
4 227
13
131
6
958 474
3 682
35
117
2
858 980
4 089
2
344
1
560 186
4 132
...
1 557 076
5 700
163 316
990 200
136 000
—
1 635 700
—
993 700
1 576
43 473
65 242
11 007
299
20 986
71 033
9 312
250
14 762
82 355
9 570
247
14 945
93 289
12 686
384
70 008
39 459
8 827
253
141
265
222
175
802
937
449
651
631
24
Czech Republic
Imports continued
Commodity
Titanium
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Carbide
Vanadium
Pentoxide
Zinc
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Zirconium
Concentrates
Metal
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
193 858
1 122
8 765
140 394
918
7 248
155 485
779
8 857
146 778
1 333
9 372
98 071
1 717
7 763
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
...
206
...
...
4 184
...
...
677
150
314
367
219
799
968
88
tonnes
5 135
2 702
5 255
7 004
8 672
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
36 733
11 344
2 792
24 660
7 155
2 434
15 121
11 653
900
17 137
10 590
909
19 064
11 947
583
tonnes
tonnes
751
101
268
45
303
37
955
34
595
24
Note(s)
(a) Including burnt pyrites
(b) Including alloys
25
Denmark
Denmark
Production
Commodity
Units
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
tonnes
Crushed rock
tonnes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
tonnes
Cement
Cement, clinker
tonnes
Cement, finished
tonnes
Diatomite
Moler (a)
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas
million m3
Salt
tonnes
Sulphur and pyrites
Recovered (b)
tonnes (sulphur content)
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
53 318 000
320 000
36 240 000
260 000
33 978 000
240 000
42 878 000
337 000
39 332 000
293 000
22 458
24 040
23 832
38 300
30 330
16 092
2 538 822
122
1 578 614
3 819
1 566 624
25
1 852 804
24 256
1 817 334
158 000
14 338 000
9 562
496 593
126 000
13 045 000
7 980
511 063
124 000
12 090 000
7 792
601 046
126 000
10 908 900
6 263
* 600 000
111 000
10 086 000
5 617
* 600 000
3 467
4 200
3 246
3 045
3 925
Note(s)
(1) Denmark is also believed to produce kaolin
(a) Moler is an impure diatomite containing a large proportion of clay
(b) From petroleum refining and/or natural gas
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Metal
Coal
Hard coal
Copper
Scrap
Diamond
Unsorted
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Diatomite (b)
Gold
Waste and scrap
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
26
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
846 490
955 036
907 149
961 853
1 224 741
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
69
5 300
32 499
56 727
1 568
4 002
7 505
70 649
3 279
4 661
9 515
73 402
6 769
4 958
7 382
67 000
9 432
5 879
7 440
73 392
tonnes
15 734
13 004
13 787
13 827
17 711
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
7 287
969 666
25 482
7 784
568 656
20 751
11 884
731 730
3 860
2 689
813 938
4 175
24 658
767 554
4 565
tonnes
1 262
659
1 056
601
548
tonnes
27 070
(a) 1 973 198
(b)* 10 000
464 851
(a) 10 585
tonnes
33 421
31 711
30 006
33 289
27 276
Carats
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
95 000
3 000 000
1 025 000
5 000
* 67 800
15 000
685 000
40 000
5 400 000
* 57 500
...
520 000
90 000
7 625 000
* 57 300
2 875 000
545 000
125 000
24 850 000
* 56 800
60 000
360 000
55 000
18 500 000
* 42 700
kilograms
600
500
500
1 800
3 000
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
141 124
4 173
1
8 440
1 455
1 500
2 211
8 299
3
63
6 725
100
5 155
13 990
—
Denmark
Exports continued
Commodity
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Scrap
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
Magnesia
Nickel
Scrap
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Potash
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Salt
Silver
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Talc
Titanium
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Zinc
Scrap
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
89
48
491
16 775
1 372 424
486
53
55
291
13 287
1 335 754
352
239
77
54
19 143
1 596 485
607
1 102
164
43
21 926
1 554 808
1 370
1 681
1 043
48
21 050
1 359 467
1 489
tonnes
1 159
4 057
3 485
4 118
4 167
tonnes
tonnes
390
71
425
93
244
522
147
497
1
179
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
642
8 593 198
4 023 305
1 063
8 520 980
2 906 339
1 765
7 363 518
(b)* 1 044 000
1 244
6 899 354
(b)* 836 000
590
5 896 071
(b)* 729 000
kilograms
1
7 000
200
100
200
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
45
374
265 036
59
504
333 383
69
683
319 317
2 123
8 898
296 459
2 579
7 664
391 879
kilograms
kilograms
200
18 782
...
37 200
...
30 300
422 100
53 800
1 533 800
30 100
tonnes
tonnes
4
165
6
269
12
409
39
235
4 814
235
tonnes
tonnes
152
460
102
442
196
820
125
5 792
194
10 732
tonnes
121
91
113
118
32
tonnes
2 028
2 622
2 563
2 468
2 617
Note(s)
(a) Including anthracite
(b) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Barytes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Briquettes
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
3 346 209
2 932 586
2 777 604
3 531 658
3 934 656
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
7 317
27 582
85 420
70 726
22 324
8 108
21 968
61 259
5 321
27 656
8 364
22 484
79 479
5 175
14 178
9 112
21 012
86 057
5 891
17 322
7 515
25 210
77 796
5 267
8 615
tonnes
34 012
35 089
43 049
34 130
41 931
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
33 825
289 307
38 687
31 847
208 467
46 117
23 732
180 249
38 797
29 888
244 007
19 941
24 464
211 379
19 569
tonnes
974
384
480
864
880
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
45 282
7 412 557
1 000
12 593
6 423 923
455
(b)* 21 000
3 670 544
7 554
(b)* 6 000
(b)* 7 104 000
14 768
(b)* 6 000
(b)* 3 799 000
4 106
27
Denmark
Imports continued
Commodity
Cobalt
Oxides
Copper
Unwrought
Scrap
Diamond
Unsorted
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Diatomite
Feldspar
Fluorspar
Gold
Metal
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron ore
Iron ore
Burnt pyrites
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Unwrought
Scrap
Lithium
Carbonate
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
Magnesia
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
Mica
Molybdenum
Oxides
Nickel
Scrap
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Potash
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Rare earths
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Salt
Sillimanite minerals
Sillimanite minerals
Mullite
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
28
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
8
15
19
42
16
tonnes
tonnes
2 818
11 235
1 413
10 388
1 978
9 125
2 255
9 075
1 692
7 547
Carats
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
£1 168 000
£7 424 000
£104 000
1 905 000
5 849
2 678
17 003
£40 000
£4 680 000
£223 000
10 680 000
3 347
2 666
33 149
£255 000
£5 339 000
£59 000
2 075 000
3 294
1 211
13 086
£82 000
£5 884 000
£88 000
1 940 000
4 165
2 612
22 462
£17 000
£8 897 000
£137 000
1 210 000
3 056
45
16 043
kilograms
tonnes
2 000
185
3 100
269
900
303
100 900
405
1 100
424
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
379 094
52 087
1 122 329
106 304
58 675
8 674
53 577
42 290
10 168
97 219
21 696
5 895
133 652
79 529
8 447
tonnes
tonnes
111 604
—
69 990
—
53 896
15 457
118 928
8
49 006
—
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
14 064
3 602
841
145
1 702
1 559
672 439
392 453
47 525
10 299
1 742
16
101
569
448
328 893
269 841
37 738
10 263
3 229
114
139
2 864
149
538 503
337 192
37 007
17 316
3 586
8
121
3 328
98
609 342
242 848
37 755
17 014
8 505
32
248
3 655
87
420 037
208 231
53 815
tonnes
tonnes
192
1 984
107
2 583
128
2 890
172
1 989
182
2 655
tonnes
311
402
340
358
80
tonnes
tonnes
456
4 149
2 680
5 472
2 728
4 636
2 299
4 927
1 784
5 219
tonnes
tonnes
698
276
1 158
242
257
237
1 051
150
352
148
tonnes
361
388
418
253
345
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
100
2 240 240
...
122
3 320 486
...
382
2 562 669
103 236
234
2 625 412
198 509
227
3 150 386
119
kilograms
6 448
4 699
2 300
796
500
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 878
47 885
24 438
1 019
4 917
11 052
1 910
36 608
14 967
9 335
42 472
8 473
11 225
30 823
4 816
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
11
10
213 931
734
36
421 109
15
19
762 420
16
6
907 135
19
3
351 217
tonnes
tonnes
915
1 567
1 011
1 587
1 124
3 199
792
2 590
386
1 714
kilograms
51 992
1 873 817
612 600
172 900
66 700
tonnes
2 082
4 447
7 051
6 123
4 173
Denmark
Imports continued
Commodity
Talc
Tin
Unwrought (a)
Titanium
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Zinc
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
12 055
8 035
7 013
6 276
6 883
tonnes
30
13
110
136
195
tonnes
tonnes
774
17 055
670
17 511
674
20 427
1 723
23 296
1 948
17 706
tonnes
110
105
51
41
32
tonnes
tonnes
12 591
910
6 063
771
4 427
1 310
6 023
763
6 877
923
Note(s)
(a) Including alloys
(b) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
29
Estonia
Estonia
Production
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Cement
Cement, clinker
Cement, finished
Crude steel
Lead, refined
Crude petroleum (a)
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
3 635 700
7 945 900
3 911 980
6 034 500
3 469 220
5 849 600
3 568 680
5 919 500
3 941 800
6 063 700
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 040 000
808 000
—
10 000
1 869 500
448 500
326 200
—
10 000
1 733 000
537 000
375 000
—
10 000
2 080 000
719 000
451 000
1
10 000
2 173 132
714 600
481 500
185
8 000
2 180 313
Note(s)
(1) Small amounts of steel are believed to be produced in Estonia
(a) From oil shale
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Coal
Hard coal
Copper
Unwrought
Scrap
Gold
Metal
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Ferro-alloys
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Unwrought
Manganese
Metal
Nickel
Unwrought
Scrap
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Rare earths
Metals
Rare earth compounds
Salt
Silver
Metal
30
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
701 067
503 048
810 298
745 353
689 854
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
42
27 839
19 895
80
8 357
6 958
...
4 132
65 948
29 492
52
63 880
23 317
1 220
11 342
tonnes
...
...
67
113
...
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
426 384
383 449
1 387
395 641
120 294
59
222 190
148 505
488
426 994
186 255
752
347 754
208 131
1 107
tonnes
(c)* 13 000
(b) 20 296
(b) 16 452
(b) 2 312
741
tonnes
tonnes
131
8 185
520
5 633
1 790
6 915
744
5 171
2 386
5 549
kilograms
...
—
400
2 300
1 600
tonnes
4 154
22
87
105
1 781
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
153
650 099
...
100
384 299
—
124
512 766
878
142
563 124
830
1 012
631 831
1 019
tonnes
10 473
8 861
10 624
11 513
11 042
tonnes
226
137
5
25
10
tonnes
tonnes
(a) 2
1 680
(a) —
89
(a) 2
0
2
536
539
144
kilograms
kilograms
...
...
7
800
...
7 700
—
9 100
654
8 800
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1
2 916
121
1
2 679
277
1
1 686
2 055
...
1 124
3 685
42
3 210
2 968
kilograms
13
955
200
4 600
1 600
Estonia
Exports continued
Commodity
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
Tin
Scrap
Titanium
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Zinc
Scrap
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
67
47
34
76
49
tonnes
88
124
120
56
121
tonnes
579
158
49
164
468
tonnes
—
—
1
...
61
tonnes
2 860
1 065
509
637
410
Note(s)
(a) Including alloys
(b) Including anthracite
(c) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Coal
Hard coal (c)
Copper
Unwrought
Feldspar
Gold
Metal
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Scrap
Kaolin
Manganese
Metal
Natural gas
Potash
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Rare earths
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Salt
Silver
Metal
Talc
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
988 981
1 006 376
1 395 122
1 302 589
1 215 348
tonnes
tonnes
26 545
485
5 956
535
3 176
4 495
2 231
2 488
2 811
488
tonnes
1 506
1 631
3 352
2 937
2 670
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
25 438
4 613
304
—
30 424
458
13 474
36 354
827
(b)* 1 800
52 807
1 545
4 688
27 404
13 043
tonnes
123 194
30 413
77 300
89 422
81 082
tonnes
tonnes
659
114
489
115
520
94
484
109
4 180
17 881
kilograms
1 200
300
900
1 600
900
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
19 239
18 823
18
381
8 760
196
11 295
8 950
13 157
11 922
8 343
258
16 772
7 718
39
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
840
52
222
37 774
3 902
220
2
83
9 267
1 588
438
21
213
8 434
881
374
149
79
12 230
211
411
61
102
8 305
8 568
tonnes
tonnes
478
717 831
168
477 844
576
491 806
85
478 288
—
452 299
tonnes
tonnes
8 665
9
1
5
1 517
57
1 898
1 491
2 438
1 960
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
0
4 469
72 149
0
4 125
73 931
24
2 105
73 254
501
3 616
85 105
545
4 499
73 248
kilograms
tonnes
5 800
331
2 900
332
3 200
373
5 000
451
1 700
429
tonnes
6
—
37
20
1
31
Estonia
Imports continued
Commodity
Titanium
Metal
Oxides
Zinc
Unwrought (a)
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
97
2 106
50
1 349
82
1 409
5
1 724
683
1 921
tonnes
7 676
1 595
5 978
8 887
4 987
Note(s)
(a) Including alloys
(b) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
(c) Including anthracite
32
Finland
Finland
Production
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Cement
Cement, finished (a)
Chromium
Cobalt, mine
Cobalt metal
Copper, mine
Copper, smelter
Copper, refined
Feldspar
Gold
Pig iron
Crude steel
Ferro-alloys
Ferro-chrome
Mercury
Mica
Nickel, mined
Nickel, smelter/refinery
Phosphate rock
Platinum metals
Platinum
Palladium
Selenium metal
Silver
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
Recovered (b)
Recovered (c)
Talc
Wollastonite
Zinc, mine
Slab zinc
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
53 000 000
60 000 000
37 000 000
47 000 000
36 000 000
48 000 000
36 000 000
53 000 000
34 000 000
54 000 000
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes (metal content)
tonnes
tonnes (metal content)
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms (metal content)
tonnes
tonnes
1 638 000
614 000
* 100
9 645
13 300
142 154
131 249
45 250
4 148
2 942 946
4 416 792
1 041 866
247 000
* 27
8 970
14 600
110 479
105 411
23 120
5 749
2 042 000
3 066 000
1 204 581
598 000
* 140
9 429
14 700
112 687
112 687
28 013
7 628
2 564 000
4 029 000
1 379 760
693 000
480
10 627
14 000
116 455
124 360
26 292
8 461
2 600 000
3 989 000
1 292 855
452 000
* 1 381
10 562
25 446
124 527
129 256
43 124
10 814
2 461 000
3 759 000
tonnes
kilograms (metal content)
tonnes
tonnes (metal content)
tonnes
tonnes
233 550
33 120
10 706
6 200
51 963
780 000
123 310
6 210
7 855
1 600
41 556
658 347
238 000
9 000
13 809
12 100
49 772
817 289
231 000
5 000
12 896
18 800
49 823
869 694
229 000
—
12 112
19 568
46 275
858 005
kilograms (metal content)
kilograms (metal content)
tonnes
kilograms (metal content)
—
—
65
69 906
—
—
59
70 062
—
—
73
64 596
—
—
86
73 081
429
379
93
128 200
tonnes (sulphur content)
tonnes (sulphur content)
tonnes (sulphur content)
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes (metal content)
tonnes
226 000
331 000
117 000
527 686
15 600
27 800
297 722
153 600
273 600
127 000
375 302
9 200
30 233
295 049
250 000
270 000
122 000
419 345
12 100
55 562
307 144
338 000
940 000
133 300
429 494
11 500
64 115
307 352
375 000
990 000
* 140 000
396 332
* 11 500
52 200
314 742
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
850 685
645 609
1 396 025
2 020 822
953 926
tonnes
tonnes
14 239
37 345
8 939
34 910
15 346
33 304
11 289
38 862
14 185
43 221
tonnes
kilograms
42
...
803
...
0
...
61
22 200
27
—
tonnes
2 618
1 275
373
92
6
tonnes
tonnes
3 041
1 034
2 050
1 577
8 291
1 813
5 231
2 366
4 575
1 950
Note(s)
(1) Finland is also believed to produce arsenic
(a) Sales
(b) From metal sulphide processing
(c) From petroleum refining and/or natural gas
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Bromine
Cement
Portland cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
33
Finland
Exports continued
Commodity
Cobalt
Oxides (a)
Metal (a)
Copper
Matte and cement
Scrap
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Feldspar
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Iron ore (b)
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Ferro-chrome
Other ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Manganese
Metal
Mercury
Mica
Nickel
Mattes, sinters etc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Oxides (a)
Scrap
Natural gas
Phosphate rock
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Potash
Sulphate
Chloride
Rare earths
Rare earth compounds
Salt
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites (a)
Sulphur
Talc (a)
Tin
Scrap
Titanium
Oxides (a)
Tungsten
Metal
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (c)
Scrap
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
* 2 600
* 5 700
* 3 100
* 4 500
* 5 400
* 3 900
* 6 400
* 4 200
* 4 300
* 6 000
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
...
32 585
27 525
68 331
36 482
...
32 762
37 084
41 139
26 613
...
32 819
35 132
57 969
31 844
19 610
33 714
24 908
41 603
31 700
18 588
32 739
29 714
59 950
47 889
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
2 835
466
396 064
2 207
539
244 225
4 168
878
391 549
4 970
1 268
* 1 200 000
2 841
88 389
* 800 000
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
14 070
37 709
110
281 325
308 047
8 587
11 317
61 319
308
253 440
276 010
13 832
2 564
126 713
560
263 863
229 680
18 176
373
97 322
211
219 129
341 937
30 760
14 459
104 829
217
127 904
361 107
40 550
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
98
35 000
7 138
341
6 211
6 125
32
9 321
11 377
25
4 830
8 636
2
—
9 242
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
...
14 069
40 108
* 500
27
1 420
3 248
...
—
37 202
* 200
1 511
4 557
3 796
...
8 946
(c) 31 275
* 500
323
9 052
52 006
7 732
23 411
(c) 39 472
* 200
33
4 729
117 304
13 387
55 260
36 364
* 200
39
34
43 597
kilograms
kilograms
30
218
34 126
267
6 238
723
6 684
75
3 927
454
tonnes
tonnes
17 181
50 822
45 818
26
53 850
178
* 61 000
195
* 51 000
1
tonnes
tonnes
103
336
0
336
44
11 380
67
1 370
0
401
kilograms
3 400
1 680
1 162
1 336
1 084
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
* 386 000
2 521
* 320 000
* 88 000
35 701
* 174 000
* 198 000
2 715
* 222 000
* 460 000
2 404
* 259 000
* 520 000
2 871
* 249 000
tonnes
193
124
142
139
171
tonnes
* 106 000
* 86 000
* 88 000
* 80 000
* 66 000
tonnes
360
291
450
588
480
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 238
257 411
964
1 426
268 893
1 012
22 479
266 738
1 369
50 656
265 686
1 215
39 555
271 313
1 066
Note(s)
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
(b) Including burnt pyrites
(c) Including alloys
34
Finland
Imports
Commodity
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Primary aggregates
tonnes
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
tonnes
Alumina
tonnes
Alumina hydrate
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Antimony
Oxide
tonnes
Barytes
tonnes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
tonnes
Bromine
kilograms
Cement
Cement clinkers
tonnes
Portland cement
tonnes
Other cement
tonnes
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Coal
Hard coal (a)
tonnes
Cobalt
Ore
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Copper
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Diamond
Gem, rough
Carats
Gem, cut
Carats
Industrial
Carats
Dust
Carats
Diatomite
tonnes
Feldspar
tonnes
Fluorspar
tonnes
Gold
Metal
kilograms
Gypsum
Crude
tonnes
Calcined
tonnes
Iodine
kilograms
Iron ore
tonnes
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
tonnes
Sponge and powder
tonnes
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-magnesium
tonnes
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-molybdenum
tonnes
Ferro-nickel
tonnes
Ferro-niobium
tonnes
Ferro-phosphorus
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
tonnes
Ferro-vanadium
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Silicon metal
tonnes
Ingots, blooms, billets
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
280 600
330 108
284 066
52 920
96 804
10 461
2 350
22 243
1 332
41 635
21 978
1 584
1 733
20 614
1 204
29 303
10 998
9 294
2 401
29 607
2 008
37 539
15 466
3 036
2 422
25 676
2 070
37 589
15 803
1 328
2 479
22 996
1 596
32 897
14 080
160
4 735
101
2 573
116
4 406
80
4 383
104
4 101
31 445
146 800
19 429
242 982
16 293
318 478
21 194
322 231
24 913
441 332
236 439
281 924
15 911
536
320 084
12 232
14 191
587 410
10 202
16 790
549 673
16 408
7 512
498 577
13 870
8 866
327
4 521
105
9 197
139
20 853
194
9 372
139
5 671 385
5 937 153
5 919 757
6 972 540
3 954 916
26 500
36 405
167
15 146
24 002
46
9 867
30 623
233
8 994
53 059
172
7 477
54 106
298
536 584
2 490
3 542
4 146
352 370
16 298
2 415
7 349
458 174
4 212
2 783
6 967
415 365
4 711
2 528
7 726
424 982
6 366
1 819
9 839
£109 000
£3 698 000
500 000
625 200
3 344
699
12 366
£56 000
£3 133 000
20 000
273 415
3 015
851
23 178
£168 000
£3 575 000
65 000
519 830
4 367
1 209
16 740
£131 000
£3 346 000
520 000
773 725
3 432
1 217
17 605
£111 000
£3 201 000
20 000
645 000
3 426
4 902
16 818
200
549
650
595
1 358
408 509
6 598
3 400
3 121 303
146 141
5 664
2 901
2 204 018
235 787
7 281
1 443
(b) 3 052 609
182 082
11 020
1 174
3 728 222
223 784
9 270
856
3 220 998
42 681
942 664
11 182
880
15 709
34 139
1 730
50 294
757
380
29 740
1 857
315
2 997
1 638
11 114
596 792
1 147 687
18 097
493 087
5 094
309
5 985
20 642
584
17 098
318
285
21 437
710
91
1 028
548
30 206
467 642
708 210
36 120
872 476
7 055
190
10 595
30 204
1 316
25 746
629
543
31 395
1 043
235
4 648
1 390
18 268
754 398
941 387
31 235
1 871
8 274
158
11 784
30 169
1 717
40 962
849
499
30 207
1 843
193
4 839
1 281
17 119
710 558
936 544
21 728
1 102
33 392
220
10 170
* 22 000
* 1 200
* 51 000
874
325
34 361
942
134
1 545
845
10 111
46 094
860 241
35
Finland
Imports continued
Commodity
Units
Lead
Unwrought
tonnes
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
tonnes
Magnesia
tonnes
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Mercury
kilograms
Mica
tonnes
Molybdenum
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Nickel
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Mattes, sinters etc
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas
tonnes
Phosphate rock
tonnes
Potash
Chloride (d)
tonnes
Other potassic fertilisers
tonnes
Rare earths
Cerium compounds
tonnes
Other rare earth compounds
tonnes
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys tonnes
Salt
tonnes
Silver
Metal
kilograms
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
tonnes
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
tonnes
Talc
tonnes
Tin
Unwrought (e)
tonnes
Titanium
Titanium minerals
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Tungsten
Metal
tonnes
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Unwrought (e)
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
3 195
2 346
1 512
2 446
3 821
145
8 692
224
6 439
118
7 387
576
9 214
568
8 959
24 926
2 649
209
4 383
12 224
912
2 136
1 988
21 961
2 134
2 203
3 647
3 792
2 123
4 069
3 351
329
2 144
36
2 267
3 498
40
—
...
—
290 914
33 247
18 187
14
481
11 908 304
6 028 908
118 749
185 202
22 715
9 192
792
149
11 516 562
—
—
217 164
33 986
14 558
17 649
17
11 211 580
3 252 037
28 144
276 892
35 284
9 946
2 688
40
11 504 505
3 543 126
...
276 587
30 443
—
—
8
11 088 493
(c)* 3 000 000
—
164 400
184
84 600
74
194 800
117
211 100
4 602
207 500
1 100
101
7
0
397 033
57
9
1
417 495
72
8
2
384 089
52
14
2
452 873
18
5
10
385 359
44 800
(c)* 47 900
50 681
26 764
19 618
9 073
450
503
1 673
6
525
21 676
3
1 202
38 923
4
1 929
29 283
43
1 624
184
94
188
136
124
26 200
97
14 256
8 794
87
12 524
(c)* 20
60
15 571
(c)* 3 154
66
15 533
(c)* 20
81
13 638
296
205
403
567
456
582 049
4 242
532 036
3 705
559 918
4 374
547 265
1 471
558 963
1 146
Note(s)
(a) Including anthracite
(b) Including burnt pyrites
(c) BGS estimate, based on known exports from certain countries
(d) K2O content
(e) Including alloys
36
France
France
Production
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Bauxite
Alumina
Primary aluminium
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Cement
Cement, clinker
Cement, finished
Cobalt metal
Diatomite
Feldspar
Gypsum (a)
Pig iron
Crude steel
Ferro-alloys
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Silicon metal
Kaolin
Lead, refined
Mica (b)
Nickel, smelter/refinery
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Salt
Sillimanite minerals
Andalusite
Talc
Slab zinc
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
171 610 000
236 770 000
101 700
630 000
389 000
146 290 000
209 440 000
129 700
348 000
345 000
141 290 000
201 860 000
93 100
481 000
356 000
148 680 000
204 980 000
80 800
470 000
334 000
138 280 000
196 600 000
69 500
430 000
349 000
tonnes
...
25 000
25 000
20 000
28 000
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
16 885 000
21 443 000
311
* 75 000
* 650 000
2 338 910
11 371 879
17 879 161
14 568 000
18 300 000
368
* 75 000
* 550 000
1 887 260
8 104 318
12 840 108
14 901 000
17 998 000
302
* 75 000
* 650 000
2 065 814
10 136 827
15 413 577
15 229 000
19 433 000
354
* 75 000
* 600 000
2 452 204
9 697 535
15 780 639
14 178 000
18 018 000
326
* 75 000
600 000
* 2 500 000
9 531 844
15 607 227
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
million m3
tonnes
46 600
60 200
* 30 000
* 118 000
335 520
82 100
* 20 000
13 700
975 000
925
* 6 100 000
46 000
54 100
* 18 300
* 80 000
350 000
62 000
* 18 000
13 900
971 000
813
* 6 100 000
138 100
62 400
* 27 000
* 112 000
350 000
71 000
* 19 000
14 400
903 000
736
* 6 100 000
130 500
63 400
* 59 000
* 128 000
310 000
80 000
* 19 000
13 700
901 000
623
* 6 100 000
* 131 000
* 64 000
* 60 000
* 130 000
308 000
75 000
* 18 000
14 500
888 000
510
* 6 100 000
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
* 65 000
* 420 000
118 000
* 65 000
400 000
161 000
* 65 000
400 000
162 000
* 65 000
400 000
164 000
* 68 000
* 400 000
161 000
Note(s)
(1) France is also believed to produce sulphur
(2) France may produce fuller’s earth
(3) Significant quantities of germanium are believed to be recovered from imported domestic material
(a) Including anhydrite
(b) Including mica recovered from mica schists and/or kaolin beneficiation
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Oxide
Arsenic
Metallic arsenic
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
8 565 175
7 586 323
8 142 237
7 226 413
7 769 899
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
12 295
319 388
130 881
46 364
139 176
344 436
9 296
178 570
100 293
91 682
125 580
345 372
12 116
270 769
131 035
51 275
166 807
405 847
13 594
281 634
83 054
71 970
130 384
425 541
11 975
309 291
139 311
45 172
127 551
423 298
tonnes
tonnes
44
6 261
34
6 788
145
6 853
24
6 124
60
5 482
tonnes
5
9
5
8
10
37
France
Exports continued
Commodity
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Barytes (a)
tonnes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
tonnes
Bismuth
Metal
tonnes
Cadmium
Metal
tonnes
Cement
Cement clinkers
tonnes
Portland cement
tonnes
Other cement
tonnes
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Coal
Anthracite
tonnes
Other coal
tonnes
Briquettes
tonnes
Cobalt
Oxides
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Copper
Unwrought, unrefined
tonnes
Unwrought, refined
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Diamond
Gem
Carats
Dust
Carats
Diatomite
tonnes
Feldspar
tonnes
Gold
Metal
kilograms
Waste and scrap
kilograms
Graphite
tonnes
Gypsum
Crude
tonnes
Calcined
tonnes
Iodine
kilograms
Iron ore
tonnes
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
tonnes
Sponge and powder
tonnes
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-magnesium
tonnes
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-molybdenum
tonnes
Ferro-nickel
tonnes
Ferro-niobium
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Silicon metal
tonnes
Ingots, blooms, billets
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Lead
Unwrought
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Lithium
Oxides
tonnes
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
tonnes
Magnesia
tonnes
* 10 000
* 11 500
* 10 500
* 10 600
* 11 700
12 231
9 211
12 709
11 472
8 826
74
6
20
49
115
890
1 022
763
549
733
260 529
578 230
10 056
170 883
621 568
—
282 673
766 167
—
179 184
764 305
—
210 901
765 777
—
4 694
7 844
1 935
4 767
2 422
7 612
2 168
8 034
1 858
9 720
57 436
128 614
1 380
5 272
91 266
6 045
9 551
121 733
4 495
4 760
113 718
2 390
11 423
168 068
109
28
859
50
706
3
785
3
1 086
4
1 100
512
54 893
13 049
266 930
1 002
59 426
9 455
235 277
7 356
23 258
12 786
292 631
9 545
35 309
10 624
305 883
2 430
39 858
11 182
317 556
293 420
838 620
23 239
244 785
394 845
940 610
21 713
182 575
145 682
1 609 470
26 822
226 149
129 943
8 768 911
25 420
226 934
* 500 000
2 075 000
25 245
207 687
22 247
50 700
269
22 447
34 094
226
27 729
24 189
361
45 303
29 961
321
54 233
10 955
166
381 841
338 682
100 500
57 720
267 315
282 254
101 909
124 492
259 192
286 799
47 103
(b) 19 349
239 815
310 248
89 357
129 374
267 365
289 668
187 560
87 981
88 462
14 698
2 098
272
2 457
42 260
374
46
984
73 824
1 493
28 430
...
2 830 986
6 028 712
319 301
151 699
5 261
2 217
844
2 882
41 324
379
10 496
261
51 676
844
10 077
231
1 814 051
5 402 426
268 674
52 439
18 917
2 447
1 259
2 200
51 330
548
6 104
505
77 144
1 869
37 932
261
1 858 111
6 665 264
272 778
53 736
20 857
2 035
1 222
2 554
54 023
802
1 042
220
84 879
1 985
33 076
298
2 088 739
6 240 254
273 802
44 010
9 484
2 837
2 381
1 704
51 068
972
787
186
74 961
1 660
45 776
85
2 232 987
6 233 179
244 439
17 630
15 888
14 554
20 815
36 293
37 654
40 470
20 392
53 971
15 936
5
91
46
108
103
310
57 342
576
35 523
274
52 553
207
35 543
250
38 098
38
France
Exports continued
Commodity
Manganese
Ores and concentrates (c)
Metal
Mercury
Mica
Molybdenum
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Nickel
Mattes, sinters etc
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Phosphate rock (a)
Platinum metals
Platinum
Platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Potash
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Rare earths
Metals
Rare earth compounds
Salt
Sillimanite minerals
Silver
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
Tin
Concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Titanium
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Carbide
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Zirconium
Concentrates
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
321 638
488
1 700
13 923
138 787
631
718
10 819
152 425
717
1 595
12 455
125 827
805
49 992
12 821
118 915
1 081
2 233
11 771
tonnes
tonnes
55
118
75
34
205
47
352
36
81
317
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
178
10 754
2 475
7 558
65
22 087 224
* 22 000
68
12 095
1 377
11 435
1 689
3 469 724
* 22 000
315
9 376
1 307
30 601
161 761
2 908 272
* 18 000
1 306
10 997
1 875
11 685
467 914
8 017 462
* 19 000
1 384
11 477
1 818
12 683
427 246
—
* 31 000
kilograms
kilograms
kilograms
2 033
2 120
282 400
1 140
1 396
609 699
1 884
914
179 798
2 566
1 255
270 355
4 139
107 354
352 702
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
34 777
11 416
327
18 248
9 858
414
17 085
36 215
1 788
25 238
15 947
2 772
17 335
65 461
3 714
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
11
1 854
231 953
66 242
3
1 244
277 617
38 494
8
3 411
297 909
49 011
11
2 789
190 124
55 316
12
2 097
147 441
43 751
kilograms
kilograms
51 100
215 148
1 597 157
169 806
—
258 205
4 053
511 716
319
392 507
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
246 005
2 843
269 771
313 229
445
224 419
296 345
565
270 494
248 989
556
269 518
237 974
394
271 399
tonnes
18
37
20
25
41
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
16
441
236
654
44
402
140
282
341
423
143
342
89
413
178
532
74
485
145
484
tonnes
tonnes
5 391
148 573
4 523
113 798
4 907
129 197
5 333
140 278
5 946
114 715
tonnes
tonnes
676
354
398
261
473
288
589
272
962
353
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
78 398
31 601
5 073
43 770
39 350
64 773
9 362
45 986
49 652
79 727
1 851
51 755
54 609
105 934
2 549
42 736
62 111
80 747
1 938
42 231
tonnes
1 440
1 243
2 044
4 973
1 708
Note(s)
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
(b) Including burnt pyrites
(c) Including manganiferous Iron ore
39
France
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxide
Arsenic
Metallic arsenic
Asbestos
Unmanufactured
Barytes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Bromine
Cadmium
Metal
Oxide
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Cobalt
Metal
Oxides
Copper
Unwrought
Scrap
Unwrought alloys
Diamond
Unsorted
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Diatomite
Feldspar
Fluorspar
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron ore
Iron ore
Burnt pyrites
40
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
11 214 300
10 907 837
9 838 820
11 224 302
10 814 082
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 788 358
722 371
51 289
113 771
396 382
197 876
1 024 569
849 798
46 113
87 130
311 287
216 872
984 804
734 935
47 336
103 937
364 962
260 871
1 577 328
619 175
47 510
152 348
387 038
292 597
1 443 488
734 773
43 650
134 309
277 335
267 325
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
37
9 078
1 923
26
7 682
1 277
101
9 068
1 577
74
7 413
2 854
0
6 502
1 677
tonnes
8
4
17
21
30
tonnes
tonnes
120
34 166
34
26 227
42
41 513
19
29 516
14
40 294
tonnes
198 787
158 715
159 096
194 555
180 301
tonnes
kilograms
219
12 428 800
102
11 720 470
100
5 275 994
205
8 449 327
281
8 999 985
tonnes
tonnes
645
1 114
455
605
212
18
100
7
285
6
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 338 362
1 940 065
1 185 083
784 892
1 744 423
980 685
838 538
2 422 582
559 436
849 577
3 113 977
246 702
693 269
3 057 832
239 915
tonnes
tonnes
26 952
1 335
10 813
478
11 273
1 155
15 835
524
14 844
466
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
2 817 048
18 470 782
68 426
154 140
1 914 614
13 893 343
51 577
151 863
2 291 609
16 688 152
52 076
129 465
1 304 643
14 073 053
82 504
102 257
1 527 937
16 249 645
75 621
164 158
tonnes
tonnes
2 251
574
1 203
578
1 681
635
2 338
841
2 013
611
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
435 455
81 036
8 987
265 766
50 753
7 980
227 271
72 220
9 242
226 312
81 824
9 148
218 176
76 972
8 200
Carats
Carats
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
£3 028 000
344
450 568
73 641
13 938 146
14 308
59 857
21 256
£3 338 000
1 854
691 852
40 221
9 314 960
15 163
43 981
13 124
£2 913 000
469
468 867
30 480
12 512 821
17 477
31 721
14 601
£3 615 000
2 960
660 561
30 012
22 167 841
14 098
34 907
14 655
£11 789 000
* 1 500
* 843 000
* 54 000
21 135 000
13 279
36 109
15 879
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
20 071
3 300
20 618
16 877
6 248
10 376
20 037
25 070
9 981
19 721
3 886
11 725
18 994
697
8 201
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
492 072
116 678
1 875 400
354 086
101 840
1 189 569
313 842
85 849
1 530 436
249 933
76 800
1 492 427
283 071
73 772
1 501 344
tonnes
tonnes
18 220 893
4 948
10 014 901
5 375
15 259 049
11 603
13 531 471
11 452
13 718 095
23 894
France
Imports continued
Commodity
Units
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
tonnes
Sponge and powder
tonnes
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-magnesium
tonnes
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-molybdenum
tonnes
Ferro-nickel
tonnes
Ferro-niobium
tonnes
Ferro-phosphorus
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
tonnes
Ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten tonnes
Ferro-vanadium
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Silicon metal
tonnes
Ingots, blooms, billets
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Lead
Unwrought
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Lithium
Oxides
tonnes
Carbonate
tonnes
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
tonnes
Magnesia
tonnes
Manganese
Ores and concentrates (a)
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Mercury
kilograms
Mica
Unmanufactured
tonnes
Ground
tonnes
Molybdenum
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Nickel
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Mattes, sinters etc
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas
tonnes
Phosphate rock
tonnes
Platinum metals
Platinum
kilograms
Platinum metals
kilograms
Waste and scrap
kilograms
Potash
Sulphate
tonnes
Chloride
tonnes
Other potassic fertilisers
tonnes
Rare earths
Metals
tonnes
Cerium compounds
tonnes
Other rare earth compounds
tonnes
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys tonnes
Salt
tonnes
Sillimanite minerals
Sillimanite minerals
tonnes
Mullite
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
202 077
89 809
111 584
1 969
69 464
54 004
5 637
5 887
3 266
2 698
61 740
8 293
666
1 575
24 885
23 885
1 747 005
3 241 199
263 449
115 722
26 695
71 570
1 375
33 948
34 758
3 263
12 709
1 183
1 670
30 913
2 647
247
819
10 711
15 243
1 113 710
2 407 619
200 203
139 186
52 795
111 080
1 047
44 405
35 405
3 720
7 724
2 195
2 656
51 906
5 457
343
1 065
16 247
19 135
1 807 094
2 450 993
231 779
160 336
84 787
99 240
1 102
43 245
44 217
4 857
16 270
2 225
2 227
65 306
5 756
378
1 113
15 035
19 373
2 047 778
2 682 258
220 764
140 321
38 973
106 591
483
37 724
58 938
4 441
4 818
1 608
1 833
54 824
3 958
303
811
8 602
27 828
1 728 612
2 732 380
223 649
103 535
22 490
42 187
13 579
34 090
12 848
39 305
15 182
38 918
14 265
256
1 251
362
1 172
570
1 137
479
2 792
547
1 756
2 378
164 235
1 209
117 821
784
126 821
1 087
127 469
4 013
115 590
876 961
19 115
105 300
193 684
8 905
222 224
721 272
17 586
19 073
647 182
21 186
1 406
562 298
9 231
252
1 144
2 031
370
1 844
255
1 861
848
2 149
488
1 828
1 933
1 094
1 191
769
541
1 018
1 209
888
1 095
1 764
1 098
1 465
1 575
942
1 365
413
18 952
23 368
9 386
560
2 166
81 854 226
79 101 617
374 792
1 783
20 015
10 909
5 364
310
1 265
70 343 956
32 440 935
130 323
265
19 921
13 964
5 029
524
2 164
59 946 970
41 624 014
305 259
37
19 954
21 693
7 345
412
2 988
62 875 826
50 897 525
264 541
290
19 395
24 002
5 466
114
2 713
56 890 280
(b)* 37 000 000
312 023
8 471
4 404
241 200
3 633
5 348
359 138
4 516
3 006
143 885
4 010
...
296 178
4 606
23 926
122 641
53 124
837 119
18 484
12 477
242 713
7 287
51 068
626 635
13 998
40 885
597 658
6 814
75 743
901 544
13 696
447
9 116
768
3
578 882
402
6 112
874
26
918 448
372
5 687
1 408
83
1 653 101
506
1 867
1 359
388
1 622 835
280
3 940
1 301
940
705 665
3 046
3 209
3 209
1 327
3 110
2 663
3 502
3 831
1 930
2 919
41
France
Imports continued
Commodity
Silver
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
Tin
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Titanium
Ilmenite
Other titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Titanium slag
Tungsten
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Carbide
Vanadium
Pentoxide
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Zirconium
Concentrates
Metal
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
kilograms
kilograms
21 300
544 821
4 279
435 001
4 433 810
954 773
8 499
908 080
100 102
612 382
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
173
50 092
5 861
76 147
159
55 212
403
72 274
183
78 366
410
59 722
206
92 106
441
48 155
136
108 471
481
47 883
tonnes
84
43
22
39
49
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
6 506
554
588
5 869
207
259
5 787
389
100
5 252
283
61
4 815
266
107
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
58 423
12 531
10 036
128 226
100 782
17 766
11 964
7 282
136 389
92 290
...
(c) 50 893
7 766
148 994
15 218
...
(c) 67 259
10 026
138 687
246
...
(c) 184 385
11 881
123 037
20 762
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
353
898
859
1
547
311
2
867
359
4
1 027
583
14 619
619
551
tonnes
674
371
574
605
429
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
238 502
164 172
45 480
3 694
241 976
128 674
27 000
4 604
222 580
131 993
34 205
3 003
234 060
151 988
34 022
3 853
288 110
126 771
32 075
23 591
tonnes
tonnes
55 030
456
25 087
553
25 310
326
35 922
687
25 784
436
Note(s)
(a) Including manganiferous Iron ore
(b) BGS estimate, based on known exports from certain countries
(c) Includes Ilmenite
42
Germany
Germany
Production
Commodity
Units
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
tonnes
Crushed rock
tonnes
Alumina
tonnes (Al2O3 content)
Primary aluminium
tonnes
Barytes
tonnes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
tonnes
Cadmium
tonnes
Cement
Cement, clinker
tonnes
Cement, finished
tonnes
Coal
Anthracite and bituminous
tonnes
Brown coal
tonnes
Copper, smelter
tonnes
Copper, refined
tonnes
Feldspar
tonnes
Fluorspar
tonnes
Graphite
tonnes
Gypsum (a)
tonnes
Indium
tonnes
Iron ore (b)(c)
tonnes
Pig iron
tonnes
Crude steel
tonnes
Ferro-alloys
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Silicon metal
tonnes
Kaolin (d)
tonnes
Lead, refined
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas
million m3
Potash
Potassic salts
tonnes (K2O content)
Salt
Rock salt
tonnes
Brine salt
tonnes
Salt in brine
tonnes
Selenium metal
tonnes
Sulphur and pyrites
Recovered (e)
tonnes (sulphur content)
Recovered (f)
tonnes (sulphur content)
Uranium, mine
tonnes (metal content)
Zinc, mine
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
260 000 000
215 000 000
* 1 000 000
605 880
78 941
245 000 000
217 000 000
* 1 000 000
291 750
45 606
239 000 000
208 000 000
* 1 000 000
402 480
55 887
252 000 000
229 000 000
* 1 000 000
432 472
55 342
235 300 000
211 000 000
* 1 000 000
410 430
52 030
414 336
420
326 461
* 400
362 623
* 400
375 332
* 400
366 220
* 400
25 366 000
33 581 000
23 232 000
30 441 000
22 996 000
29 915 000
24 775 000
33 540 000
24 581 000
32 432 000
19 143 000
175 313 020
295 000
689 763
161 416
48 519
—
2 112 000
* 10
455 100
29 105 000
45 832 000
14 971 000
169 857 142
251 000
668 945
106 837
49 962
—
1 898 000
* 10
363 699
20 104 000
32 670 000
14 110 000
169 402 544
378 700
704 300
* 204 000
59 086
—
1 822 000
* 10
390 353
28 560 000
43 830 000
12 960 000
176 502 048
346 200
708 800
* 218 000
65 619
—
2 021 000
* 10
489 091
27 943 000
44 284 000
11 560 000
185 432 000
352 400
685 700
* 220 000
54 202
109
1 949 000
* 10
447 515
27 046 000
42 661 000
26 960
* 5 000
29 092
3 622 159
415 100
3 053 998
16 547
13 667
6 336
27 620
4 513 753
390 600
2 800 063
15 554
* 17 300
* 9 200
30 105
4 578 097
405 400
2 511 174
13 666
* 17 800
* 9 000
30 134
4 898 516
429 100
2 677 136
12 952
* 17 800
* 9 000
28 574
4 398 796
423 000
2 621 352
11 784
3 280 467
1 825 139
3 023 941
3 214 696
3 149 386
5 545 438
989 208
7 306 745
* 250
7 709 844
1 862 630
* 7 300 000
* 230
9 992 156
2 118 484
* 4 500 000
* 250
8 765 168
2 217 205
* 6 500 000
* 250
5 938 855
2 182 440
* 10 900 000
* 250
1 578 000
39 000
—
292 284
1 504 000
565 000
—
* 153 000
1 455 000
513 000
*8
165 000
1 465 000
542 210
52
170 000
* 1 460 000
493 169
50
169 000
Note(s)
(1) Germany is believed to produce strontium minerals and tellurium metal
(2) Significant quantities of germanium are believed to be recovered from imported or domestic material
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
Including anhydrite
Including manganiferous Iron ore
Used as aggregate in the construction industry
Washed and dried
From petroleum refining and/or natural gas
Other
43
Germany
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Oxide
Arsenic
Metallic arsenic
Barytes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Bromine
Cadmium
Metal
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Cobalt
Ore
Oxides
Metal
Copper
Ores and concentrates
Matte and cement
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Diamond
Unsorted (b)
Gem
Dust
Diatomite
Feldspar
Fluorspar
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron ore
Iron ore
Burnt pyrites
44
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
29 470 321
27 973 749
25 337 558
29 162 240
25 160 776
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
33 636
305 514
634 635
75 386
359 628
702 739
16 591
382 750
461 601
67 356
288 023
753 218
26 178
424 236
551 817
111 815
361 396
823 810
26 306
372 191
485 074
83 675
374 917
947 252
34 814
369 337
455 157
42 580
361 850
968 539
tonnes
tonnes
33
932
101
448
132
961
239
1 132
103
688
tonnes
tonnes
41
38 111
31
45 360
57
(a)* 33 000
66
(a)* 34 000
128
(a)* 29 000
tonnes
67 109
52 424
84 920
91 477
82 504
tonnes
kilograms
276
14 400
143
6 031
178
6 119
210
7 543
195
8 559
tonnes
287
276
523
348
379
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 120 078
5 115 858
2 077 175
467 042
4 445 980
2 101 709
680 552
4 173 112
2 010 734
761 406
5 002 240
2 159 075
475 987
4 672 927
1 794 724
tonnes
tonnes
23 563
5 379
15 922
4 685
32 070
4 606
53 989
2 995
60 354
6 308
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
16 575
518 629
425 680
370 211
179 880
129 955
523 720
493 552
222 458
31 492
696 279
463 102
165 471
39 712
789 315
467 383
166 704
109 026
1 134 350
450 270
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
145
158
1 588
103
69
1 067
88
102
1 481
—
113
1 393
8
84
1 533
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
48 234
2
125 162
16 485
478 643
58 932
1
194 104
9 781
449 990
48 761
8 431
136 110
13 276
578 448
54 856
9
196 627
12 276
585 346
57 074
2
278 957
14 578
587 935
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
£* 1 285 000
155 988
3 410 935
7 189
121 777
50 338
£* 775 000
179 213
2 560 000
5 035
70 130
31 157
£* 863 000
161 687
5 355 000
5 361
78 610
33 487
£* 489 000
155 370
12 810 000
14 251
76 300
45 955
£* 265 000
137 301
14 735 000
22 190
70 936
38 029
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
* 120 000
4 800
18 950
113 039
62 603
12 722
221 003
904 379
20 583
226 243
688 482
15 600
212 936
956 113
12 721
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
447 140
1 775 467
97 400
393 691
1 290 391
112 690
430 977
1 558 288
62 331
516 024
1 333 953
124 705
501 487
1 444 714
109 595
tonnes
tonnes
34 495
12 700
4 497
10 865
22 373
7 994
54 555
15 999
42 763
—
Germany
Exports continued
Commodity
Units
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
tonnes
Sponge and powder
tonnes
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-magnesium
tonnes
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-molybdenum
tonnes
Ferro-nickel
tonnes
Ferro-niobium
tonnes
Ferro-phosphorus
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
tonnes
Ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten tonnes
Ferro-vanadium
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Silicon metal
tonnes
Ingots, blooms, billets
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Lead
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Lithium
Carbonate
tonnes
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
tonnes
Magnesia
tonnes
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Mercury
kilograms
Mica
tonnes
Molybdenum
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Nickel
Mattes, sinters etc
tonnes
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas (a)
tonnes
Phosphate rock
tonnes
Platinum metals
Platinum
kilograms
Palladium
kilograms
Other Platinum metals
kilograms
Waste and scrap
kilograms
Potash
Potassic fertilisers (c)(d)
tonnes
Rare earths
Metals
tonnes
Rare earth compounds
tonnes
Salt
tonnes
Sillimanite minerals
tonnes
Silver
Metal
kilograms
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
tonnes
Sulphur
tonnes
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
tonnes
Talc
tonnes
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
153 917
95 846
36 856
6 342
11 802
10 354
3 858
1 036
1 057
477
63 858
4 237
460
413
28 533
—
2 047 223
8 268 662
498 165
86 491
28 183
27 831
1 113
9 043
4 436
3 229
1 725
321
475
63 214
1 662
339
755
8 210
20 207
1 655 376
7 275 257
374 313
180 542
56 763
54 956
1 718
12 387
3 377
3 174
7 869
538
1 452
95 683
4 180
640
659
10 799
29 309
2 150 091
9 175 802
389 927
183 310
43 160
45 048
2 355
22 690
17 756
4 440
5 775
237
1 233
81 464
5 350
402
391
8 722
33 077
2 150 120
9 859 197
431 815
171 347
35 370
32 760
2 062
11 811
12 006
2 815
391
228
1 250
67 351
4 687
417
226
3 952
49 693
1 712 813
9 658 280
361 915
—
177 129
13 133
1 000
204 075
13 100
4 296
203 077
9 892
19 697
196 443
12 932
60 356
178 589
7 982
2 290
1 880
2 387
2 927
2 259
22
72 684
140
58 604
229
94 198
1 303
67 605
381
73 154
3 321
12 921
111 100
4 713
3 710
6 727
120 587
2 888
4 480
8 243
110 405
4 197
5 035
8 907
197 989
4 479
4 387
13 598
102 650
4 474
3 575
2 857
2 502
725
5 017
763
3 955
1 248
3 738
1 395
20 202
316
5 200
8 988
5 646
40 011
* 19 648 000
314
8 687
1 619
2 617
3 083
8 227
265 799
* 11 354 000
137
13 981
2 673
3 751
1 866
9 563
180 515
* 14 165 000
489
15 998
299
4 184
4 423
8 600
283 784
* 13 906 000
1 641
19 412
778
4 808
5 036
7 727
138 712
* 5 620 000
1 742
27 700
28 600
24 700
3 238 800
36 204
43 329
65 029
3 352 271
24 597
35 462
33 299
5 997 852
24 994
43 952
28 158
6 960 588
23 627
43 524
21 018
6 047 948
3 280 467
1 825 139
3 023 941
3 214 696
3 149 386
3
188
2 782 861
18 231
19
652
2 744 985
7 965
25
601
3 097 654
13 379
29
660
2 735 634
18 818
10
699
2 207 276
17 287
3 012 400
2 169 994
3 397 674
3 368 313
2 984 504
485
654 808
350
6 382
320
681 563
78
3 662
755
671 836
271
4 773
440
721 717
1 380
6 243
342
525 622
274
5 274
299
8
18
38
33
45
Germany
Exports continued
Commodity
Tin
Concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Titanium
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Vanadium
Pentoxide
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Zirconium
Concentrates (a)
Metal
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
—
1 612
1 530
1 649
163
1 000
1 088
1 129
32
1 253
956
1 440
...
1 348
1 459
1 175
—
1 223
1 352
1 141
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
3 322
8 278
367 545
6 864
5 367
351 872
22 384
9 351
391 981
18 932
13 954
345 661
13 648
12 561
331 757
tonnes
tonnes
206
4 687
196
2 655
164
3 119
976
3 064
524
3 618
tonnes
1 173
...
...
...
...
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 835
70 724
28 835
51 801
888
63 165
24 163
68 648
1 674
52 483
31 857
74 208
73 980
55 518
31 170
75 168
39 533
59 913
29 775
73 200
tonnes
tonnes
* 12 000
625
* 7 300
386
* 10 800
384
* 10 800
792
* 7 500
735
Note(s)
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
(b) BGS estimates, based on known value of imports to certain countries
(c) K2O content
(d) Including sulphate, chloride and other potassic fertilisers
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Oxide
Arsenic
Metallic arsenic
Asbestos
Unmanufactured
Barytes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Bromine
Cadmium
Metal
Oxide
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
46
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
13 369 162
12 866 444
11 936 108
13 786 596
11 636 491
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
2 995 241
1 017 746
241 736
693 075
1 370 179
543 839
2 069 109
518 456
168 216
495 511
1 157 271
362 582
2 005 053
661 379
260 488
799 780
1 591 991
479 413
2 436 413
654 946
176 692
768 797
1 810 035
535 304
2 777 032
476 257
196 301
732 599
1 750 733
575 925
tonnes
tonnes
700
8 672
552
5 072
494
7 986
456
6 949
376
6 013
tonnes
...
...
69
9
43
tonnes
tonnes
54
278 335
36
129 220
72
263 839
88
291 716
554
237 254
tonnes
361 782
335 990
386 261
447 793
450 850
tonnes
kilograms
1 262
646 400
881
456 893
1 052
657 303
1 282
722 036
1 155
783 214
tonnes
tonnes
53
507
11
522
18
625
40
489
69
653
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
14 184
770 566
293 583
9 200
904 023
272 741
18 037
939 310
255 027
52 111
1 054 856
217 931
82 345
1 023 170
218 486
tonnes
tonnes
175 277
7 022
45 684
3 328
101 972
4 783
180 377
5 931
188 783
6 887
Germany
Imports continued
Commodity
Units
Coal
Anthracite
tonnes
Other coal
tonnes
Lignite
tonnes
Briquettes
tonnes
Cobalt
Ore
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Copper
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Matte and cement
tonnes
Unwrought, unrefined
tonnes
Unwrought, refined
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Diamond
Gem
Carats
Industrial
Carats
Dust
Carats
Diatomite
tonnes
Feldspar
tonnes
Fluorspar
tonnes
Gold
Metal
kilograms
Waste and scrap
kilograms
Graphite
tonnes
Gypsum
Crude
tonnes
Calcined
tonnes
Iodine
kilograms
Iron ore
Iron ore
tonnes
Burnt pyrites
tonnes
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
tonnes
Sponge and powder
tonnes
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-magnesium
tonnes
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-molybdenum
tonnes
Ferro-nickel
tonnes
Ferro-niobium
tonnes
Ferro-phosphorus
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
tonnes
Ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten tonnes
Ferro-vanadium
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Silicon metal
tonnes
Ingots, blooms, billets
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Lead
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Lithium
Oxides
tonnes
Carbonate
tonnes
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
tonnes
Magnesia
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
4 137 690
37 215 220
39 248
70 400
3 893 429
30 926 568
37 839
132 895
3 643 048
34 850 251
24 400
404 681
2 535 881
40 187 648
41 768
291 675
1 399 126
41 993 809
21 509
138 019
15
2 921
1 057
42
2 017
902
115
3 864
1 069
170
4 946
900
128
4 505
878
1 088 291
10 102
24 706
833 354
40 073
563 560
1 252 430
4 133
46 840
658 703
38 538
454 753
1 128 472
12 739
23 331
743 934
36 249
626 442
1 124 525
2 742
68 147
737 763
35 493
647 084
1 215 273
2 415
45 707
702 577
37 491
655 895
709 636
505 400
45 914 930
49 237
143 758
357 914
301 075
211 630
25 210 000
38 258
130 081
187 330
377 399
122 838
64 065 000
43 487
139 663
261 999
366 385
143 922
89 060 000
39 892
153 713
380 027
311 770
158 572
94 415 000
42 122
109 157
280 867
118 516
1 390 000
62 180
164 511
1 126 326
33 293
192 815
1 396 280
56 333
162 289
2 680 174
57 411
133 260
2 568 174
43 349
54 216
76 992
1 150 600
28 315
75 319
1 168 886
29 132
82 341
1 422 575
26 182
80 574
1 576 165
21 712
98 665
1 700 953
44 339 072
—
28 812 134
7 087
43 082 309
3 077
41 678 285
4 513
38 908 327
28 207
713 470
90 069
544 619
12 886
11 536
209 083
156 484
17 434
177 851
6 269
4 801
215 374
13 824
2 182
5 333
12 109
225 185
2 970 042
5 675 167
647 278
402 132
294 393
305 008
8 648
5 914
122 063
111 008
12 484
127 087
4 047
1 332
146 127
5 461
1 366
3 421
6 325
183 516
1 171 865
3 865 110
585 675
421 287
500 970
454 005
29 047
2 972
203 200
185 067
16 375
192 394
5 923
6 067
272 466
8 754
787
5 034
11 783
255 977
1 611 091
5 305 194
715 770
589 302
326 097
447 242
18 334
6 208
232 613
208 913
18 760
155 881
6 579
5 137
298 352
9 818
977
5 305
15 982
241 565
2 401 066
6 658 407
705 107
614 096
210 328
392 515
8 573
4 528
192 817
206 967
16 934
139 658
6 297
5 587
248 310
9 912
1 010
5 096
21 651
232 640
1 768 289
5 737 878
625 826
212 602
118 779
28 231
234 102
103 642
40 547
184 018
157 301
39 653
205 464
157 653
35 823
228 444
148 576
28 058
5 420
7 098
(a)* 3 000
4 433
(a)* 1 800
6 486
(a)* 1 700
5 735
(a)* 1 300
6 064
8 420
562 618
6 731
276 674
12 751
473 545
5 625
515 139
5 285
496 202
47
Germany
Imports continued
Commodity
Units
Manganese
Ores and concentrates (b)
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Mercury
kilograms
Mica
Unmanufactured
tonnes
Ground
tonnes
Waste
tonnes
Molybdenum
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Nickel
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Mattes, sinters etc
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas
tonnes
Phosphate rock
tonnes
Platinum metals
Platinum
kilograms
Palladium
kilograms
Other Platinum metals
kilograms
Waste and scrap
kilograms
Potash
Sulphate
tonnes
Chloride
tonnes
Other potassic fertilisers
tonnes
Rare earths
Metals
tonnes
Cerium compounds
tonnes
Other rare earth compounds
tonnes
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys tonnes
Salt
tonnes
Sillimanite minerals
Sillimanite minerals
tonnes
Mullite
tonnes
Silver
Ores and concentrates
kilograms
Metal
kilograms
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
tonnes
Sulphur
tonnes
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
tonnes
Talc
tonnes
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
tonnes
Tin
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Titanium
Ilmenite
tonnes
Other titanium minerals
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Titanium slag
tonnes
Tungsten
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Carbide
tonnes
Vanadium
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Pentoxide
tonnes
48
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
14 916
47 581
19 700
14 645
33 989
28 678
17 346
43 346
104 241
19 137
40 705
134 666
18 532
35 671
52 469
386
33 175
966
221
25 682
316
1 330
29 716
428
10 527
26 405
20
8 934
24 116
—
9 645
4 132
1 905
6 953
1 726
1 661
9 134
3 038
2 890
9 500
3 761
2 699
7 158
4 016
2 385
1 310
797
68 767
6 102
617
18 316
105 835 665
78 201 702
145 905
1 087
561
42 201
3 839
463
8 259
97 648 203
78 990 573
28 863
1 667
849
69 282
8 023
621
8 584
91 239 711
82 784 241
120 580
1 184
2 048
68 023
11 778
476
11 924
87 338 296
87 762 701
117 971
8 185
1 869
73 360
23 191
608
14 191
92 277 990
92 961 372
133 355
47 100
55 100
6 400
10 983 600
42 452
47 092
12 120
6 224 314
40 983
53 479
19 655
8 069 744
38 019
50 926
21 319
7 290 427
32 874
47 449
18 444
8 020 283
11 801
124 643
2 503
13 194
75 154
633
20 786
131 645
8 065
22 490
131 244
11 726
21 559
146 673
7 729
430
673
10 192
6
2 319 273
106
448
7 755
2
1 867 023
459
1 006
9 999
6
2 654 736
263
844
6 904
14
3 477 233
290
553
4 155
11
2 277 714
56 555
23 113
27 232
12 279
47 738
47 775
48 748
72 049
54 045
51 709
6 024 500
2 668 900
2 581 290
1 784 960
4 002 438
2 322 566
3 493 141
2 434 577
5 279 656
1 858 257
109 955
53 602
2 964
338 606
52 641
38 246
2 856
293 417
76 101
44 103
1 649
324 703
82 530
51 714
4 363
330 321
74 726
34 102
4 637
293 175
188
67
231
376
221
22 160
179
2 243
14 193
175
674
18 684
316
714
21 396
112
1 578
18 865
196
461
446 154
279 407
19 449
281 009
76 107
304 471
212 735
11 649
240 120
42 042
...
(c) 838 768
12 919
309 500
164
...
(c) 794 043
20 233
329 073
2 499
...
(c) 648 030
17 015
264 304
...
967
5 184
2 526
821
3 313
1 333
1 029
7 168
2 544
843
8 094
3 105
381
6 946
2 478
60
879
...
(d)* 400
...
(d)* 1 000
...
(d)* 700
...
(d)* 1 300
Germany
Imports continued
Commodity
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Zirconium
Concentrates (a)
Metal
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
383 789
305 075
89 738
17 395
271 554
285 965
36 350
16 782
285 331
380 807
57 563
23 694
344 106
398 086
69 972
25 853
324 954
365 788
64 642
25 536
tonnes
tonnes
* 27 047
791
* 24 985
664
* 26 967
798
* 29 153
676
* 20 059
956
Note(s)
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports into certain countries
(b) Including manganiferous Iron ore
(c) Includes ilmenite
49
Greece
Greece
Production
Commodity
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Primary aggregates
tonnes
Bauxite
tonnes
Alumina
tonnes (Al2O3 content)
Primary aluminium
tonnes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
tonnes
Cement
Cement, clinker
tonnes
Cement, finished
tonnes
Coal
Lignite
tonnes
Feldspar
tonnes
Gypsum (a)
tonnes
Crude steel
tonnes
Ferro-alloys
Ferro-nickel
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Lead, mine
tonnes (metal content)
Lead, refined
tonnes
Magnesite
tonnes
Nickel, mined
tonnes (metal content)
Nickel, smelter/refinery
tonnes
Perlite
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas
million m3
Salt
tonnes
Silver
kilograms (metal content)
Talc
tonnes
Zinc, mine
tonnes (metal content)
* 85 000 000
2 174 000
524 875
162 339
* 65 000 000
1 935 000
517 400
134 737
* 41 000 000
1 902 000
510 250
137 000
* 33 000 000
2 324 000
526 305
165 150
* 25 000 000
1 816 000
509 600
165 000
1 580 000
1 500 000
844 804
1 250 000
1 300 000
11 361 397
14 013 312
8 649 322
11 160 205
7 446 775
8 778 949
4 569 167
5 822 967
* 4 500 000
4 894 332
64 521 000
62 000
1 000 000
2 477 000
61 800 000
55 737
730 000
2 000 000
53 600 000
23 050
* 600 000
1 821 000
58 400 000
10 200
587 000
1 934 000
62 368 000
—
746 000
1 247 000
83 200
4 360
14 000
* 11 000
361 165
18 600
16 640
1 000 000
66 000
14
* 220 000
33 500
* 200
24 200
42 400
—
10 000
* 11 000
380 834
9 600
8 269
862 935
87 000
11
* 189 000
27 500
* 200
17 800
69 600
3 493
12 200
* 11 000
396 497
16 100
13 960
760 000
86 000
7
* 190 000
29 000
* 200
18 400
94 000
7 250
13 400
* 11 000
393 880
21 700
18 530
720 000
87 126
6
* 190 000
* 29 000
* 200
21 200
96 435
5 583
13 300
* 6 000
349 998
21 600
18 630
680 000
83 143
6
* 190 000
* 31 000
* 200
20 800
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
50 453
59 216
60 851
76 495
118 173
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
787 160
412 385
29 552
26 083
64 998
13 261
409 508
412 888
74 996
17 533
57 668
14 681
436 513
224 607
99 574
20 727
68 924
32 250
519 999
202 986
102 136
19 668
103 326
27 738
437 305
320 795
110 605
5 925
102 092
20 367
tonnes
81
—
...
44
43
tonnes
8 885
5 116
13 203
33 306
14 233
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
722 151
2 842 584
205 640
851 946
3 051 954
297 036
722 142
3 122 615
47 435
459 716
1 548 482
155 000
1 877 641
2 398 675
604
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
3 223
5 203
—
25
3 274
1 525
—
—
2 073
1 499
—
113
2 175
6 478
10 242
—
1 424
8 849
18 262
8 502
Note(s)
(1) Greece is also believed to produce gold and sulphur
(a) Including anhydrite
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
50
Greece
Exports continued
Commodity
Copper
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Diamond
Unsorted
Gem
Industrial
Feldspar
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Lead
Unwrought
Scrap
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
Magnesia
Nickel
Ores and concentrates
Natural gas
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Potash
Potassic fertilisers
Salt
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
Sulphur
Talc
Titanium
Oxides
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
356
1 198
12 314
2 748
1 071
15 742
825
2 097
21 994
4 456
4 346
18 672
981
969
28 705
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
£29 000
£501 000
£105 000
5 806
£206 000
£1 356 000
£31 000
718
£43 000
£1 956 000
£49 000
1 119
£99 000
£405 000
£20 000
1 562
£213 000
£270 000
£24 000
1 279
kilograms
kilograms
495
...
581
...
48
...
2 455
12 300
1 426
9 300
tonnes
tonnes
21 258
937
49 037
580
38 459
337
95 699
621
142 598
3 750
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
67
3 671
162 819
36 018
351
377
102 721
34 840
2 009
999
143 318
66 989
2 650
294
139 537
59 592
2
11 299
64 523
57 511
tonnes
tonnes
5 792
1 390
2 360
913
5 209
1 945
3 068
735
11 313
1 516
tonnes
tonnes
1
126 496
—
84 399
...
108 020
8 766
110 276
4 012
87 550
tonnes
tonnes
231
...
144 529
...
20 284
...
120
2 871
86
6 027
kilograms
kilograms
200
3 400
300
...
200
—
...
...
800
6 300
tonnes
tonnes
1 648
48 908
1 369
47 406
1 294
59 655
431
65 014
336
41 292
kilograms
7 400
79 400
19 700
13 900
14 100
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
63 893
16 345
3 926
24 429
4 044
3 898
28 680
4 594
2 809
42
35 279
4 086
3 776
167 611
9 312
tonnes
598
462
773
731
744
tonnes
43 003
21 311
14 660
36 016
51 007
51
Greece
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Arsenic
Metallic arsenic
Barytes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Cadmium
Metal
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Cobalt
Metal
Copper
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Diamond
Unsorted
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust (a)
Diatomite
Feldspar
Fluorspar
Gold
Metal
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
Iodine
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Unwrought
Scrap
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
Magnesia
52
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
425 485
177 887
13 538
16 892
4 102
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
226 374
38 828
129 407
63 670
28 960
351 677
963
110 311
32 252
17 339
314 423
1 546
153 771
66 134
43 866
288 647
1 346
126 051
59 931
95 166
90 804
1 822
119 587
51 875
54 011
tonnes
63
85
74
84
47
tonnes
tonnes
9
1 348
11
2 133
33
1 318
9
2 277
3
1 222
tonnes
21 261
8 593
3 668
7 193
5 831
tonnes
3
0
0
12
21
tonnes
18
39
1
0
—
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
23 558
74 239
2 618
4 249
136 300
2 359
12 100
206 164
15 136
34 712
159 514
22 371
65 317
49 204
22 214
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
41 475
371 479
35 457
111
37 585
168 663
58 053
5 827
48 783
512 663
87 707
62
117 406
169 990
165 417
12 986
21 961
117 867
206 384
53 028
tonnes
123
14
3
17
64
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
79 928
9 393
18 628
57 367
305
11 245
63 443
241
20 017
53 615
643
29 253
53 416
664
43 607
Carats
Carats
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
118 725 000
425 000
2 815 000
22 810 000
* 4 371 000
790
2 830
2 281
2 375 000
3 365 000
6 370 000
43 195 000
* 1 813 000
482
5 851
1 954
910 000
920 000
8 365 000
4 375 000
* 214 000
668
12 195
2 652
470 000
...
2 615 000
3 680 000
* 77 000
623
9 469
3 073
135 000
15 000
5 390 000
2 150 000
* 90 000
647
20
2 104
kilograms
tonnes
114 976
142
23 739
918
21 029
219
9 111
92
346
68
tonnes
kilograms
3 093
600
2 097
800
1 759
1 300
1 400
200
3 714
300
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
9 185
7 709
1 146
1 753
24 943
8 170
504
2 312
171 231
1 485 316
62 415
9 107
9 685
916
1 216
8 023
4 569
170
906
159 350
1 159 166
49 509
4 427
5 772
693
837
18 515
4 888
849
1 426
28 092
1 008 235
31 132
9 127
3 302
1 217
271
12 695
4 361
167
1 746
71 878
935 510
14 336
470
429
1 304
203
10 971
2 924
156
1 212
17 546
413 394
7 454
tonnes
tonnes
6 875
2 800
10 644
1 753
11 149
1 692
16 980
2 136
17 028
2 183
tonnes
tonnes
44 397
7 328
19 803
1 729
3 603
2 198
14 704
7 506
14 475
1 442
Greece
Imports continued
Commodity
Units
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Mercury
kilograms
Mica
tonnes
Molybdenum
Metal
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas
tonnes
Phosphate rock
tonnes
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
kilograms
Potash
Sulphate
tonnes
Chloride
tonnes
Other potassic fertilisers
tonnes
Rare earths
Metals
tonnes
Rare earth compounds
tonnes
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys tonnes
Salt
tonnes
Sillimanite minerals
tonnes
Silver
Metal
kilograms
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
tonnes
Sulphur
tonnes
Talc
tonnes
Tin
Unwrought (b)
tonnes
Titanium
Titanium minerals
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Vanadium
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Zinc
Unwrought (b)
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
51 425
2 628
218
31 776
668
317
22 888
211
169
51 374
1 200
175
26 294
7 500
155
60
6 422 841
4 186 746
251 845
58
2 437 424
3 086 243
192 135
45
19 064 118
3 520 510
252 644
50
13 010 825
4 233 660
220 591
49
20 102 882
3 927 266
140 205
300
100
500
1 400
900
36 642
28 144
8 660
14 325
20 773
107
39 155
35 176
3 240
26 686
27 276
8 166
26 621
19 735
2 947
20
1
0
134 557
2 662
68
—
0
149 094
505
...
3
65
144 367
44
...
4
62
173 050
220
—
11
169
154 435
94
276 100
31 300
29 900
55 100
51 900
40 754
42 733
12 372
3
26 673
7 862
1
42 673
8 869
0
80 976
8 663
46
31 788
13 779
265
80
160
211
70
399
14
23 260
351
11
19 289
504
74
19 003
396
74
19 447
220
47
12 378
...
80
...
...
...
28 996
25 422
22 534
11 358
11 341
Note(s)
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
(b) Including alloys
53
Hungary
Hungary
Production
Commodity
Units
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
tonnes
Crushed rock
tonnes
Bauxite
tonnes
Alumina
tonnes (Al2O3 content)
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
tonnes
Cement
Cement, clinker
tonnes
Cement, finished
tonnes
Coal
Lignite
tonnes
Brown coal
tonnes
Diatomite
tonnes
Gypsum (a)
tonnes
Pig iron
tonnes
Crude steel
tonnes
Manganese ore
tonnes
Perlite
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas
million m3
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
36 647 400
17 030 760
511 337
* 299 000
35 591 131
15 808 088
317 000
* 185 000
25 059 000
11 390 100
365 000
* 214 000
23 361 598
9 128 819
277 800
* 250 000
* 23 000 000
* 9 000 000
255 000
* 170 000
6 220
5 298
17 200
22 931
* 22 000
* 2 500 000
3 544 000
* 2 200 000
* 3 200 000
* 1 500 000
* 2 560 000
1 167 942
* 2 200 000
1 332 354
* 2 300 000
8 041 168
1 386 140
—
15 940
1 288 758
2 097 000
49 579
132 000
811 000
2 703
8 026 587
944 139
1 277
19 766
1 050 000
1 403 000
43 000
82 058
796 000
2 748
8 202 859
813 403
1 197
20 000
1 325 000
1 678 000
55 000
70 990
735 900
2 600
8 800 783
699 129
1 309
3 000
1 315 000
1 733 000
58 000
70 900
657 000
2 315
8 438 000
875 944
* 1 300
—
1 229 000
1 543 000
* 51 000
* 70 000
700 931
2 205
Note(s)
(1) Hungary is also believed to produce antimony, arsenic and sulphur
(a) Including anhydrite
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Coal
Anthracite
Lignite
Copper
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Diamond
Unsorted
Dust
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
Iodine
54
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
1 382 695
1 294 700
1 191 521
1 137 425
1 003 456
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
168 347
102 652
10 981
22 098
89 857
88 515
26 176
35 060
112 819
92 011
41 719
51 508
107 937
71 834
38 819
66 599
99 699
64 000
36 491
68 156
tonnes
1 191
555
954
782
1 047
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
—
329 647
25 169
1 701
220 069
2 987
296
185 279
795
25
277 497
6 451
203 686
269 382
1 363
tonnes
tonnes
402
89 444
...
41 329
9 151
3 390
5 077
4 886
210
4 539
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
...
989
20 958
...
314
19 120
24
571
15 319
786
1 120
31 459
5 867
476
37 048
Carats
Carats
...
...
...
...
4 000 000
...
5 500 000
...
3 500 000
14 500 000
kilograms
kilograms
657
...
1 312
...
1 827
2 221 600
2 214
2 665 300
1 300
2 115 900
tonnes
kilograms
19 259
...
22 019
...
17 367
...
44 845
...
59 059
92 300
Hungary
Exports continued
Commodity
Iron ore
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Scrap
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesia
Mercury
Nickel
Scrap
Natural gas
Platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Potash
Potassic fertilisers
Salt
Sillimanite minerals
Mullite
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Tin
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Titanium
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Zinc
Scrap
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
...
—
52 400
64 435
63 373
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
47
...
90 282
691 805
3 110
...
...
4 315
636 805
2 847
104
...
9 274
1 132 142
2 436
207
4 317
44 796
1 272 473
3 272
272
2 887
7 260
1 171 610
2 861
tonnes
4 052
4 001
1 898
2 428
1 615
tonnes
kilograms
...
...
—
...
...
6 400
317
10 700
309
6 500
tonnes
tonnes
81
—
203
323 537
170
—
126
—
126
417 151
kilograms
...
...
92 300
91 200
149 100
tonnes
tonnes
7 891
1 388
9 916
3 434
5 697
1 356
5 805
39 405
7 664
14 663
tonnes
(b)* 7 200
(b)* 4 300
7 505
8 180
6 335
kilograms
139
1 300
3 300
29 200
4 000
tonnes
43 649
39 638
44 098
48 616
43 855
tonnes
tonnes
140
246
82
222
44
196
43
222
41
268
tonnes
tonnes
23
1 402
11
1 120
55
1 942
37
1 484
68
1 298
tonnes
39
36
54
53
99
tonnes
1 902
2 978
2 821
2 314
1 897
Note(s)
(a) Including alloys
(b) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Oxide
Barytes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Bromine
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
806 281
446 187
473 730
369 445
515 141
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
297 832
8 997
508
122 319
107 123
56 347
178 031
9 246
3 352
100 897
79 437
30 212
244 095
22 660
6 856
146 221
165 833
43 720
254 039
36 305
9 123
135 392
190 175
59 661
142 246
42 371
7 382
129 030
181 695
47 904
tonnes
tonnes
144
492
173
4 536
156
1 441
148
2 852
173
516
tonnes
3 095
3 608
4 360
4 648
6 527
tonnes
kilograms
13
9 900
84
10 500
106
4 500
50
8 800
43
5 600
55
Hungary
Imports continued
Commodity
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Coal
Hard coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Copper
Unwrought
Scrap
Diamond
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Diatomite
Feldspar
Fluorspar
Gold
Metal
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron ore
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-phosphorus
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Unwrought
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
Magnesia
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Mercury
Molybdenum
Metal
Nickel
Unwrought (d)
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Phosphate rock
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Potash
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Rare earths
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Salt
56
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
...
643 776
55 798
117 232
565 552
49 051
69 469
495 045
34 191
67 770
785 166
33 802
43 196
710 516
6 809
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 893 076
767 480
16 093
(a) 1 340 769
413 094
17 519
(a) 1 744 778
297 335
14 352
(a) 1 570 645
318 792
11 018
(a) 1 556 689
224 685
21 885
tonnes
tonnes
3 016
5 933
2 168
10 091
3 637
4 038
4 819
5 416
11 217
4 831
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
£220 000
(b)£* 294 000
(b)* 4 550 000
1 110
10 418
4 512
£167 000
£171 000
(b)* 5 450 000
796
14 499
(b)* 1 500
£280 000
£168 000
(b)* 8 910 000
957
14 235
2 662
£657 000
£675 000
(b)* 12 690 000
1 189
14 211
4 152
£421 000
£346 000
14 500 000
885
13 905
3 014
kilograms
...
1 076
396
1 512
* 1 500
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
6 713
49 220
7 900
616 684
3 248
43 128
2 100
876 109
5 362
12 413
2 700
1 985 510
5 198
18 039
6 100
1 780 865
5 241
24 138
4 000
(c) 1 632 969
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
12 951
1 043
232
4 318
4 661
183
135
...
5 232
12 843
2 184
273 585
146 494
29 089
3 403
425
150
2 037
922
73
...
...
3 100
15 557
2 589
104 855
34 357
25 094
7 158
756
187
12 015
724
85
75
652
3 630
569
4 010
30 505
56 974
24 175
5 662
638
223
16 011
1 785
105
141
60
3 999
312
7 832
240 299
68 566
29 736
5 527
479
279
12 255
225
108
111
111
2 969
410
5 619
565 955
34 219
23 099
tonnes
2 711
2 663
6 138
9 497
11 372
tonnes
tonnes
1 751
7 892
1 081
1 563
1 331
6 783
1 499
4 369
1 124
4 739
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
293
1 185
4 293
220
280
4 800
198
336
5 000
159
461
8 400
142
500
6 100
tonnes
102
69
70
60
51
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
69
(b)* 6 959 000
8 574 143
41
219
(b)* 6 241 000
6 238 749
37
346
5 310 899
5 858 735
45
35
5 935 772
5 788 348
1 028
47
5 489 453
5 509 482
312
kilograms
453
26
1 300
84
—
tonnes
tonnes
181 373
4 552
38 441
4 372
90 063
5 760
98 351
6 161
106 292
5 449
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
55
62
510 287
36
26
535 928
38
31
704 143
33
23
800 950
31
31
540 297
Hungary
Imports continued
Commodity
Sillimanite minerals
Sillimanite minerals
Mullite
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
Tin
Unwrought (d)
Titanium
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Zinc
Unwrought (d)
Zirconium
Concentrates
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
2 812
1 192
1 892
649
2 100
1 348
2 903
1 854
3 039
1 352
kilograms
8 354
128 985
196 500
234 100
229 700
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
2 105
586
8 875
(b)* 1 200
186
7 566
3 189
119
6 786
1 100
223
6 226
981
172
5 319
tonnes
...
0
32
0
—
tonnes
320
208
231
156
205
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
2 659
31
8 590
(b)* 1 200
216
6 853
2 677
84
8 927
2 410
134
8 885
3 038
116
7 325
tonnes
54
31
54
67
56
tonnes
17 011
9 862
11 767
12 818
12 856
tonnes
2 439
1 265
2 455
1 765
1 965
Note(s)
(a) Including anthracite
(b) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
(c) Including burnt pyrites
(d) Including alloys
57
Iceland
Iceland
Production
Commodity
Primary aluminium
Ferro-alloys
Ferro-silicon
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
761 204
804 605
825 803
780 853
802 827
tonnes
107 882
112 992
114 230
120 076
131 818
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
41 024
29 712
44 512
85 854
92 094
tonnes
tonnes
760 764
12 483
805 450
4 467
812 981
10 136
765 999
6 397
787 071
3 799
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
105 868
1 729
—
60 287
3 718
112 993
4 595
200
38 075
2 115
114 231
5 603
—
37 328
1 093
120 076
6
—
38 954
1 402
131 818
0
—
28 581
694
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
30 405
4 846
6 492
7 524
32 327
tonnes
tonnes
1 620 531
439
1 557 309
(a) 1 461
1 612 188
6 127
1 539 080
5 560
1 590 521
(a) 1 356
tonnes
2 392
1 259
432
563
281
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
628
111 918
505
30
38 640
241
42
24 481
4 405
49
26 714
226
71
64 565
229
tonnes
tonnes
91 576
6 609
104 094
9 903
101 220
3 521
103 822
6 701
103 989
4
Carats
tonnes
* 200 000
11
* 100 000
2 132
110 592
18
90 000
18
160 000
33
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
10 533
1 606
12 029
(b) 44 167
4 724
642
9
34 404
2 579
192
9
36 318
892
181
24
42 846
682
190
278
19 251
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 128
113
1 614
1 164
1 333
5 641
237
643
1 148
6 838
4 366
11 545
841
204
3 204
4 680
844
727
4 816
7
kilograms
162
158
117
216
150
tonnes
tonnes
85
113 142
87
98 207
350
65 342
77
94 177
...
100 020
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Unwrought
Scrap
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Scrap
Salt
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Alumina
Unwrought
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Diamond
Gem, cut
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron ore
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Scrap
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Rare earths
Metals
Salt
58
Iceland
Imports continued
Commodity
Silver
Metal
Titanium
Metal
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
kilograms
858
1 096
909
700
640
tonnes
34
99
100
59
75
Note(s)
(a) Including alloys
(b) Including burnt pyrites
59
Ireland, Republic of
Ireland, Republic of
Production
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Alumina
Cement
Cement, finished
Gypsum
Lead, mine
Lead, refined
Natural gas (a)
Silver
Zinc, mine
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes (Al2O3 content)
* 25 000 000
* 60 000 000
1 890 000
* 15 000 000
* 50 000 000
1 240 000
10 000 000
40 000 000
1 864 000
7 000 000
25 000 000
1 922 000
7 000 000
22 000 000
1 924 000
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes (metal content)
tonnes
million m3
kilograms (metal content)
tonnes (metal content)
* 3 910 000
* 600 000
50 200
20 000
506
7 172
398 200
* 2 720 000
* 400 000
49 500
19 000
414
5 267
385 700
* 2 290 000
* 300 000
39 100
19 000
402
3 818
342 500
* 1 700 000
* 300 000
50 700
18 000
361
6 109
344 000
* 1 600 000
* 200 000
47 400
16 000
380
9 454
337 000
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
255 295
40 626
13 318
16 005
88 530
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 709 302
88 039
3 711
21 041
895 034
95 548
2 455
18 257
1 542 563
124 803
2 576
22 810
1 794 148
103 631
3 109
29 261
1 616 065
30 328
2 684
24 137
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
—
1 144 186
1 512
4 823
1 054 533
1 317
1
1 025 910
8 787
—
942 940
1 158
16 698
1 238 718
971
tonnes
tonnes
6 158
6 508
(a) 3 863
9 858
5 820
12 695
(a) 2 857
11 333
18 914
12 115
tonnes
tonnes
144
47
84
145
184
234
68
125
177
234
tonnes
21 421
23 305
13 172
10 168
10 046
Carats
Carats
Carats
345 000
4 872
...
210 000
204 108
25 308 022
345 000
58 658
65 757 012
260 000
2 801 447
2 738 380
600 000
460 000
...
kilograms
5 578
11 155
10 480
9 268
68 063
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
1 094
32 821
1 536
10 425
28 491
1 982
23 355
15 129
—
5 390
21 274
2 589
5 176
16 585
—
tonnes
tonnes
924
485 387
547
428 416
262
484 871
9 240
609 985
510
517 800
tonnes
tonnes
91 728
49
109 877
114
62 729
638
64 470
4 144
80 910
42 384
tonnes
tonnes
5 006
9 912
9 133
8 595
3 383
33 334
18 665
11 761
13 218
3 465
tonnes
236
220
557
269
208
Note(s)
(a) Sales
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Coal
Hard coal
Briquettes
Cobalt
Ore
Metal
Copper
Scrap
Diamond
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Gold
Waste and scrap
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Lead
Ores and concentrates
Scrap
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
Magnesia
Nickel
Scrap
60
Ireland, Republic of
Exports continued
Commodity
Crude petroleum
Platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Rare earths
Rare earth compounds
Salt
Silver
Metal
Tin
Unwrought (b)
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
—
11
96
46 629
62
kilograms
16 854
8 544
5 440
1 763
3 496
tonnes
tonnes
9
8 783
7
735
1
10 183
1
1 540
4
2 608
kilograms
...
...
...
263
824
tonnes
34
23
689
—
—
tonnes
404 303
594 268
588 143
660 259
647 444
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
1 368 008
781 470
652 594
695 162
817 052
tonnes
tonnes
3 009 615
9 579
2 786 723
4 711
4 111 457
4 903
4 215 019
4 378
4 169 784
9 679
tonnes
2
2
64
—
—
tonnes
95
...
—
...
...
tonnes
2 643
2 741
2 734
2 623
2 788
tonnes
kilograms
38
1 520
14
799
5
743
1
38 566
1
675
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
36 153
780 528
14 649
31 983
192 556
10 698
15 459
133 977
4 974
23 190
100 440
4 112
24 718
86 608
4 375
tonnes
120
138
83
179
40
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
47 392
2 169 185
153
19 049
53 413
1 721 651
415
40 482
77 112
1 601 294
242
31 507
33 665
2 149 095
60
30 673
30 564
2 028 332
34 846
46 258
tonnes
622
777
756
601
743
tonnes
30 176
42 945
2
2
2
Carats
Carats
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
£1 019 000
3 240 000
28 020 000
10 560 000
232 059 616
1 458
£478 000
1 885 000
18 170 000
2 100 000
86 782 073
1 243
£362 000
1 565 000
11 385 000
4 585 000
86 782 073
640
£320 000
1 620 000
6 745 000
2 570 000
737 418 949
699
£314 000
1 595 000
3 905 000
1 545 000
358 020 000
965
kilograms
£5 271 000
£4 365 000
£4 047 000
£5 356 000
£7 079 000
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
1 412
24 877
21 515
4 721
15 931
13 930
24 358
31 488
20 637
5 410
13 311
109
2 731
9 318
22 220
507
10 715
7 623
32 305
147
Note(s)
(a) Including anthracite
(b) Including alloys
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Antimony
Metal
Arsenic
Metallic arsenic
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Bromine
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Metal
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Cobalt
Metal
Copper
Ores and concentrates
Diamond
Unsorted
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Diatomite
Gold
Metal
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron ore (a)
61
Ireland, Republic of
Imports continued
Commodity
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Other ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Unwrought
Scrap
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
Magnesia
Manganese
Ores and concentrates (b)
Mercury
Mica
Nickel
Unwrought (c)
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Phosphate rock
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Potash
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Rare earths
Rare earth compounds
Salt
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
Tin
Unwrought (c)
Titanium
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Carbide
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (c)
Scrap
Zirconium
Concentrates
Note(s)
(a) Including burnt pyrites
(b) Including manganiferous iron ore
(c) Including alloys
62
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
2 359
997
31
338
5 459
4 206
18 766
1 202
955
53
683
5 373
4 388
3 155
1 345
989
89
296
7 332
4 030
4 039
947
1 176
128
233
5 423
3 310
3 414
1 182
1 216
100
139
4 952
6 565
3 377
tonnes
tonnes
23 480
17 702
15 784
16 689
14 357
12 074
15 345
12 305
5 199
14 089
tonnes
tonnes
4 385
42 999
4 191
22 523
5 535
39 638
6 333
49 122
1 731
48 779
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
75
979
291
65
1 182
43
54
8 582
77
9 565
24
24
31
81
32
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 118
2 878 397
4 364 595
3 425
626
2 792 968
4 192 236
85
1 503
2 931 391
4 738 918
5 328
1 748
2 720 968
4 430 360
264
568
2 843 575
4 282 222
327
kilograms
2 185
121 381
9 470
7 826
13 879
tonnes
tonnes
97 056
4 347
29 932
3 390
99 181
7 570
95 816
2 011
85 536
5 249
tonnes
tonnes
21
105 636
67
114 659
8
172 053
85
308 884
3
105 270
kilograms
29 530
5 316
3 999
5 431
3 571
tonnes
tonnes
305
473
74
1 722
17
1 140
0
1 320
...
3 033
tonnes
2
4
85
0
1
tonnes
389
100
157
117
22
tonnes
tonnes
1 154
3 961
507
4 308
414
4 922
202
4 312
432
3 924
tonnes
tonnes
215
158
68
108
91
68
76
186
121
116
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
76 922
5 185
1 268
15
2 210
—
8
2 104
—
8
2 358
—
6
2 058
—
tonnes
3 976
1 323
16 162
886
146
Italy
Italy
Production
Commodity
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
174 779 712
91 373 378
1 045 000
186 400
* 5 000
164 218 753
84 717 579
92 000
165 800
* 3 500
150 996 352
80 336 696
—
129 500
* 3 500
164 844 967
76 793 269
—
141 900
* 3 500
123 049 565
74 169 360
—
99 600
* 3 500
124 419
114 212
104 279
105 952
144 710
957 371
42 863 063
24 200
4 727 000
* 1 600 000
*5
10 400 000
30 590 000
637 853
33 611 625
6 500
* 4 700 000
* 1 600 000
*5
5 670 000
19 848 000
966 577
37 061 576
1 800
* 4 700 000
* 1 600 000
*5
8 555 000
25 750 000
1 286 791
35 687 105
7 600
* 4 700 000
* 1 600 000
*5
9 824 000
28 735 000
1 284 948
28 005 259
7 700
* 4 700 000
* 1 600 000
*5
9 417 000
27 257 000
* 30 000
87 000
* 180 000
199 900
* 60 000
5 219 751
9 070
* 20 000
56 000
* 180 000
149 000
* 60 000
4 550 816
7 909
* 25 000
108 000
* 180 000
150 000
* 60 000
5 080 498
8 265
* 25 000
145 000
* 180 000
146 500
* 60 000
5 286 042
8 339
* 27 000
110 000
* 180 000
138 400
* 60 000
5 376 629
8 511
5 412 449
* 110 000
107 100
3 678 234
* 110 000
103 400
4 006 882
* 110 000
104 700
2 912 128
* 110 000
110 200
2 862 440
* 110 000
97 200
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
1 522 229
1 308 016
1 507 704
1 071 579
1 073 466
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
26 718
571 090
35 538
18 249
96 798
56 214
4 585
61 223
1 243
30 019
122 294
82 055
66 218
17 056
4 346
49 442
220 237
107 131
46 330
16 821
7 023
25 882
286 525
102 696
93 847
3 424
6 448
30 378
311 381
103 518
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
386
12
569
1 238
566
2
391
2 890
960
19
226
1 906
898
80
261
2 623
1 311
2
215
4 898
tonnes
293 417
186 219
257 173
214 775
225 729
tonnes
38
5
1
13
11
tonnes
1 633
2 030
3 104
1 722
363
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel (a)
tonnes
Crushed rock (a)
tonnes
Alumina
tonnes (Al2O3 content)
Primary aluminium
tonnes
Barytes
tonnes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
tonnes
Cement
Cement, clinker (a)
tonnes
Cement, finished
tonnes
Copper, refined
tonnes
Feldspar
tonnes
Gypsum
tonnes
Indium
tonnes
Pig iron
tonnes
Crude steel
tonnes
Ferro-alloys
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Lead, refined
tonnes
Perlite
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas
million m3
Salt
Rock salt and brine salt
tonnes
Talc
tonnes
Slab zinc
tonnes
Note(s)
(1) Italy is also believed to produce sulphur
(a) Sales
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxide
Barytes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Cadmium
Metal
63
Italy
Exports continued
Commodity
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Briquettes
Cobalt
Oxides
Metal
Copper
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Diamond
Unsorted
Gem, cut
Dust
Diatomite
Feldspar
Fluorspar
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron ore (a)
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Unwrought
Scrap
Lithium
Carbonate
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
Magnesia
Manganese
Metal
Mercury
Mica
Molybdenum
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxides
64
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
38 106
2 094 130
491 150
5 280
1 637 605
469 636
52 673
2 035 118
393 746
45 472
1 681 397
250 624
47 155
1 838 228
200 038
tonnes
tonnes
2 567
166
1 762
29
1 617
5
3 764
1
1 831
35
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
13 456
18 563
492
15 474
14 733
514
12 817
1 485
3 923
17 611
571
213
12 841
53 107
798
tonnes
tonnes
235
220
141
205
206
187
224
230
188
177
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
6 426
6 955
15 268
148 923
2 752
13 186
12 787
158 062
7 290
8 648
15 553
167 424
8 502
13 506
20 024
174 068
7 811
21 312
21 264
181 600
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
225 000
149 203
10 384 560
9 991
324 977
31 271
200 000
155 195
1 550 895
10 392
126 289
9 518
210 000
243 170
15 054 770
6 716
194 763
6 740
205 000
181 572
14 873 656
2 226
288 246
28 942
2 880 000
...
10 850 000
1 229
220 404
48 048
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
51 260
1 376
308
106 646
173
820
109 762
154 845
798
176 952
1 006
512
200 363
7 001
310
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
24 525
24 496
2 119
1 699
17 907
21 848
86 917
354
12 035
18 484
24 722
8 779
9 614
39 465
20 112
6 742
8 383
79 661
22 559
14 191
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
36 137
615
4 593
168
12 890
6 882
277
123
7 094
3 072
6 007
964 245
387 528
13 627
61 761
452
2 066
163
7 457
4 322
1 266
418
6 395
2 523
3 200
570 380
325 026
21 392
38 026
729
5 020
33
9 186
4 316
149
176
6 329
863
3 284
909 562
422 731
36 208
22 412
1 534
5 639
27
9 761
3 890
41
215
8 642
951
4 293
908 493
317 626
27 994
51 911
3 904
3 399
114
11 603
15 215
1 048
52
7 741
968
1 621
831 477
324 451
21 393
tonnes
tonnes
34 904
6 897
23 006
7 594
7 821
9 776
15 455
10 173
8 646
14 804
tonnes
193
145
49
105
73
tonnes
tonnes
2 337
8 172
1 945
5 873
2 535
7 393
3 236
6 194
2 902
7 283
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
494
84 247
3 211
326
89 228
857
716
202 273
697
963
68 623
1 014
897
12 706
1 138
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
159
873
604
205
488
982
1 523
911
443
2 299
443
286
3 153
409
22
Italy
Exports continued
Commodity
Nickel
Scrap
Unwrought (b)
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Phosphate rock
Platinum metals
Platinum
Platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Potash
Potassic fertilisers
Rare earths
Metals
Rare earth compounds
Salt
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Tin
Unwrought (b)
Scrap
Titanium
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Vanadium
Ores and concentrates
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Zirconium
Concentrates
Metal
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
658
972
1 195 500
1 749 247
7 661
541
1 293
619 630
1 620 776
6 416
3 537
2 408
423 777
1 427 161
10 751
627
2 097
713 237
159 619
16 139
1 260
2 182
920 740
143 244
8 370
kilograms
kilograms
kilograms
13 350
8 295
257
10 043
8 898
311
10 408
12 684
634
9 982
14 436
37 750
10 071
16 259
2 899
tonnes
6 345
12 725
13 629
8 702
8 551
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
112
153
322 221
78
167
558 441
101
236
919 673
145
322
1 017 938
111
353
473 826
kilograms
519 148
383 782
715 501
995 384
979 652
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
10 071
219 095
4 693
114 017
6 005
256 614
21 430
124 212
13 698
286 954
22 485
143 236
16 032
285 891
55 740
135 418
11 114
249 274
17 021
140 618
tonnes
tonnes
392
249
411
154
367
289
383
243
582
240
tonnes
tonnes
5 478
25 982
3 607
23 508
3 248
27 450
4 789
26 181
4 531
22 039
tonnes
973
670
925
1 091
1 060
tonnes
217
385
...
...
...
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
99 121
7 967
2 857
8 603
48 051
5 258
3 491
12 334
98 211
11 071
6 377
16 427
71 471
16 570
9 385
13 006
84 569
14 737
10 029
7 151
tonnes
tonnes
41 296
233
33 219
274
41 784
136
44 252
34
11 012
137
Note(s)
(a) Including burnt pyrites
(b) Including alloys
65
Italy
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxide
Arsenic
Metallic arsenic
Barytes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Bromine
Cadmium
Metal
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Briquettes
Cobalt
Metal
Oxides
Copper
Matte and cement
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Diamond
Unsorted
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Diatomite
Feldspar
Fluorspar
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron ore
66
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
4 139 144
3 654 570
3 057 378
2 135 306
966 588
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
2 417 499
144 473
143 217
445 882
436 207
377 441
36 975
88 864
142 005
284 779
310 560
268 836
62 666
252 028
198 253
432 393
488 002
372 686
45 146
406 774
205 274
482 850
563 882
461 302
55 504
292 537
180 778
355 557
489 373
444 544
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 171
300
6 168
935
198
4 602
1 378
233
5 460
1 169
298
4 227
1 474
132
3 538
tonnes
tonnes
43
102 684
45
51 615
19
67 303
74
88 574
33
69 098
tonnes
136 417
96 698
130 508
140 458
133 041
tonnes
kilograms
269
598 800
152
958 588
355
1 259 187
378
1 207 042
154
939 005
tonnes
49
43
3
44
37
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
2 095 716
962 746
295 988
1 495 609
1 433 820
308 222
797 703
1 298 080
139 459
844 108
1 119 225
125 066
729 063
998 392
106 926
tonnes
tonnes
36 552
721
23 842
943
22 012
881
31 861
1 738
30 547
1 598
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
490 757
25 745 375
5 392
210 384
20 165 036
7 786
408 391
21 820 370
6 233
394 026
23 656 907
3 857
266 462
25 609 289
1 905
tonnes
tonnes
703
561
632
473
477
707
758
719
609
679
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
748
617 790
18 531
167 212
1 503
544 635
8 166
91 519
24
628 325
14 679
129 074
0
615 251
15 910
148 358
25
583 215
14 795
137 709
Carats
Carats
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
£6 628 000
10 000
£307 964 000
£4 859 000
252 290 000
3 939
2 511 704
238 008
£1 738 000
25 000
£203 538 000
£1 481 000
121 055 000
2 497
1 570 345
212 415
£8 198 000
60 000
£285 718 000
£7 993 000
196 860 000
3 920
1 951 827
200 184
£8 652 000
115 000
£370 521 000
£7 254 000
248 520 000
5 555
1 954 499
246 374
£7 050 000
175 000
£338 455 000
£4 318 000
252 160 000
5 091
1 905 805
232 908
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
166 506
851
11 832
146 721
864
5 995
149 022
649
8 308
175 415
9 834
12 559
195 214
5 075
6 411
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
21 411
19 621
1 343 977
16 313 184
5 754
16 645
1 256 232
8 159 741
3 618
16 267
1 080 203
12 092 237
2 205
16 976
1 375 868
15 134 122
8 793
17 916
1 633 655
13 396 809
Italy
Imports continued
Commodity
Units
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
tonnes
Sponge and powder
tonnes
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-magnesium
tonnes
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-molybdenum
tonnes
Ferro-nickel
tonnes
Ferro-niobium
tonnes
Ferro-phosphorus
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
tonnes
Ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten tonnes
Ferro-vanadium
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Silicon metal
tonnes
Ingots, blooms, billets
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Lead
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Lithium
Oxides
tonnes
Carbonate
tonnes
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
tonnes
Magnesia
tonnes
Manganese
Ores and concentrates (a)
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Mercury
kilograms
Mica
Unmanufactured
tonnes
Ground
tonnes
Molybdenum
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Nickel
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas
tonnes
Phosphate rock
tonnes
Platinum metals
Platinum
kilograms
Palladium
kilograms
Other Platinum metals
kilograms
Waste and scrap
kilograms
Potash
Sulphate
tonnes
Chloride
tonnes
Other potassic fertilisers
tonnes
Rare earths
Metals
tonnes
Cerium compounds
tonnes
Other rare earth compounds
tonnes
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys tonnes
Salt
tonnes
Sillimanite minerals
Sillimanite minerals
tonnes
Mullite
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2 238 037
396 660
389 002
243
7 422
96 771
186 135
8 318
104 198
2 733
488
122 236
3 861
578
2 445
8 294
57 493
5 311 325
5 705 462
810 560
895 818
174 364
296 813
—
1 759
46 537
119 670
3 998
78 383
1 395
550
89 909
4 462
300
1 158
4 267
27 402
2 655 726
3 321 387
505 593
1 018 615
278 989
390 374
97
1 943
71 406
158 540
6 141
98 168
2 751
631
137 031
3 876
247
1 901
7 325
48 392
3 681 439
4 609 403
823 461
1 288 014
540 005
414 410
841
1 683
86 512
176 855
8 541
116 806
2 521
414
160 561
3 819
252
2 330
9 198
53 131
3 662 856
5 752 270
707 622
1 106 558
551 034
416 091
3
2 125
82 933
167 310
9 547
128 877
2 619
365
118 880
3 139
269
2 367
7 117
41 277
3 169 000
5 271 612
681 595
85 760
99 015
2 972
29 210
86 054
2 031
20
111 301
2 609
0
109 458
4 976
9 419
89 266
4 111
246
1 519
96
1 185
175
1 123
148
1 369
143
1 052
18 347
150 098
9 375
93 262
21 454
143 725
27 347
133 451
13 774
120 185
114 289
5 839
21 754
77 075
3 709
19 992
55 284
5 788
10 510
81 629
5 759
15 246
107 907
5 804
4 247
106
3 980
417
2 597
136
3 854
209
3 849
205
3 489
6 220
254
125
6 703
171
176
9 108
136
276
5 248
219
199
4 794
192
187
42 339
2 164
892
82 998 642
36 489 000
248 005
25 833
2 841
763
76 301 866
52 879 546
89 245
39 586
1 171
1 063
76 729 305
59 616 091
231 808
38 075
1 314
656
72 173 373
50 506 295
243 718
33 635
2 626
899
68 812 837
48 666 707
196 478
16 570
20 593
2 426
7 646
13 627
13 047
1 909
8 178
12 545
10 019
1 694
16 918
10 630
9 171
1 084
1 468
7 417
7 855
1 244
3 103
78 513
346 465
9 882
31 910
144 086
3 413
88 593
367 465
8 415
58 418
287 984
1 368
52 568
285 476
511
144
710
431
2
572 965
87
414
258
5
902 241
124
597
303
10
1 119 583
108
616
307
3
1 045 659
30
337
257
3
1 128 585
19 422
11 194
38 590
6 582
14 473
16 141
17 937
13 564
11 720
16 084
67
Italy
Imports continued
Commodity
Silver
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Tin
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Titanium
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Carbide
Vanadium
Ores and concentrates
Pentoxide
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Zirconium
Concentrates
Metal
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
kilograms
kilograms
—
1 167 457
15
881 205
70 440
1 120 080
31 391
729 807
11 644
645 344
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
20 984
48 618
2 711
147 549
228
13 305
3 617
78 506
13 538
19 263
758
100 934
29 746
30 290
732
115 046
10 436
22 499
887
111 333
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
4 124
777
79
2 652
360
49
3 828
1 074
60
4 936
533
220
3 375
429
22
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
102 909
7 155
141 959
74 338
3 352
139 071
98 978
4 497
160 361
111 842
9 420
164 708
(b)* 4 132
7 367
137 976
tonnes
tonnes
255
350
147
103
496
279
552
440
656
240
tonnes
tonnes
255
173
18
45
...
53
...
45
...
117
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
161 838
179 691
81 350
15 369
155 028
118 424
22 194
15 315
184 192
245 254
34 595
27 740
153 982
244 557
39 554
36 491
186 715
164 716
31 434
36 134
tonnes
tonnes
129 999
130
53 845
226
98 214
144
81 360
184
40 897
135
Note(s)
(a) Including manganiferous iron ore
(b) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
68
Latvia
Latvia
Production
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Cement
Cement, clinker
Cement, finished
Gypsum (a)
Crude steel
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
8 905 937
1 413 395
6 520 363
818 390
6 016 126
1 375 197
7 855 125
2 050 976
8 257 763
2 072 775
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
...
* 310 000
349 000
635 000
...
* 650 000
175 870
692 000
1 158 000
* 1 100 000
176 510
655 000
1 277 000
* 1 100 000
216 000
568 000
1 485 720
* 1 100 000
252 714
804 000
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
54 321
121 260
101 406
59 930
19 683
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
...
17 012
4 203
203
11 772
4 419
140
14 493
5 461
64 225
21 793
4 414
115 744
18 481
4 876
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
—
240 311
20
2 382
147 960
126
68 802
562 435
76
201 050
673 260
250
163 102
759 738
176
tonnes
tonnes
3 140
79
170
74
3 136
3 262
26 100
6 402
13 823
4 007
tonnes
tonnes
4 117
6 900
2 518
6 138
726
7 106
1 650
13 679
5 471
8 494
tonnes
kilograms
63 732
200
37 352
—
38 596
4 200
47 016
—
84 358
7 400
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
...
1 343
...
...
4 010
388 456
204
402
...
1
2 323
213 766
4 051
794
6 247
11 029
2 442
396 794
9 502
1 132
16 563
23 706
5 045
563 192
30 189
515
20 152
13 874
72 535
507 285
tonnes
164
1 352
3 243
3 086
2 687
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
199
2
...
3 301
165
93
3 108
112
524
2 284
116
42 208
150
2
45 767
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
970
123
13 741
0
379
15 919
39
357
23 172
28
535
35 545
1 427
1 344
21 741
tonnes
3
...
175
8
2
tonnes
...
—
7
61
42
Note(s)
(a) Including anhydrite
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Alumina
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Coal
Hard coal (a)
Briquettes
Copper
Unwrought
Scrap
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
Iodine
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Lead
Scrap
Nickel
Scrap
Unwrought alloys
Crude petroleum
Potash
Chloride
Potassic fertilisers
Salt
Tin
Scrap
Titanium
Metal
69
Latvia
Exports continued
Commodity
Zinc
Scrap
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
443
975
587
459
779
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
2 033 701
565 877
467 414
611 872
895 335
tonnes
7 677
5 974
7 828
10 381
10 956
tonnes
2 628
2 148
2 787
3 434
2 701
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
30 233
353 174
209
34 375
87 660
1 088
158
94 873
643
6 551
89 751
281
701
108 596
306
tonnes
tonnes
12 145
157 066
78
136 199
1 273
180 075
12 649
185 516
5 111
152 423
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
3 609
1 361
656
681
852
240
2
3 049
926
1 307
534
9
468
—
712
698
2 942
412
577
678
1
2 153
950
3 855
805
561
775
1
4 310
2 597
5 014
812
1 292
1 269
3 813
tonnes
tonnes
146
5 672
1 037
883
22 669
2 027
33 495
2 787
48 578
2 523
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
56 964
19
140
10 334
23 477
18 466
132
467
146 505
412 240
11 173
38 140
14 931
588
2 345
14 722
15 085
415
783
226 967
214 564
7 476
45 454
4 460
6 995
4 090
18 898
24 660
158
1 553
206 428
443 817
10 594
2 244
565
9 782
1 480
17 085
25 992
245
981
402 711
366 039
9 289
2 653
104
17 179
584
25 026
15 963
199
1 134
3 861
923 037
10 768
tonnes
5 355
2 827
5 524
2 735
12 507
tonnes
tonnes
3
1 138 776
1
1 047 240
...
1 160 668
...
1 099 045
(a) 584
1 034 139
kilograms
kilograms
...
2 842
...
(b)* 3 900
...
(b)* 400
100
...
200
...
tonnes
tonnes
10 845
144 424
—
151 529
6 414
163 486
3 468
198 975
8 694
135 514
kilograms
1 174
556
791
2 300
1 400
tonnes
tonnes
9
417
12 488
314
24
295
21
145
18
126
Note(s)
(a) Including anthracite
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Scrap
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Copper
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Diatomite
Feldspar
Fluorspar
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesia
Nickel
Unwrought
Natural gas
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Potash
Chloride
Salt
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Talc
70
Latvia
Imports continued
Commodity
Titanium
Oxides
Zinc
Unwrought (a)
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
3 112
562
739
693
640
tonnes
1 256
830
383
249
662
Note(s)
(a) Including alloys
(b) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
71
Lithuania
Lithuania
Production
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Cement
Cement, clinker
Cement, finished
Crude petroleum
Sulphur and pyrites
Recovered (a)
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
9 469 411
6 913 160
5 029 476
2 849 122
5 655 401
3 281 330
5 776 850
4 456 089
5 081 166
3 244 314
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
—
1 075 581
127 658
233 292
583 067
114 956
—
834 000
114 464
—
996 284
113 895
—
1 014 977
101 644
tonnes (sulphur content)
73 870
69 722
73 470
76 699
73 040
Note(s)
(1) Small amounts of steel are believed to be produced in Lithuania
(a) From petroleum refining and/or natural gas
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Coal
Hard coal (a)
Copper
Unwrought
Scrap
Diatomite
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
Iodine
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Ferro-alloys
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Scrap
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesia
Crude petroleum
Phosphate rock
Platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Potash
Potassic fertilisers
Rare earths
Cerium compounds
Salt
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
72
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
943 673
163 850
57 255
139 291
118 463
tonnes
tonnes
3 994
5 280
2 614
4 796
7 754
5 298
7 534
8 952
6 363
10 306
tonnes
1 929
266
442
1 628
1 386
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
130
204 951
1 531
39 878
170 273
491
14
352 750
1 151
98
450 601
406
19
529 457
36
tonnes
7 685
10 915
33 109
28 271
5 762
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
135
4 675
30
610
3 375
78
591
4 128
551
4 873
5 724
615
1 481
7 582
234
tonnes
kilograms
2 436
3
423
—
237
4
250
8 900
243
3 000
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
11 188
659 646
12
3 093
422 436
18
104
595 721
40
141
664 225
648
3 280
562 585
1 258
tonnes
9 730
4 210
5 941
5 335
6 603
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
...
128 838
140
537
113 172
—
717
110 597
—
352
80 025
—
350
78 183
20 000
kilograms
62 710
101 900
193 600
126 800
...
tonnes
2 846
18 714
6 517
4 256
7 989
tonnes
tonnes
3
6 063
8
5 437
12
19 031
10
13 514
7
7 653
kilograms
600
200
1 100
1 600
2 900
tonnes
1 517
14 038
1 227
403
759
Lithuania
Exports continued
Commodity
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
Titanium
Oxides
Vanadium
Ores and concentrates
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
31
11
9
18
10
tonnes
1 230
502
1 167
965
1 029
tonnes
358
...
...
...
...
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
1 301 091
695 973
849 462
1 046 066
991 388
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
...
10 282
1 887
6 923
1 815
888
4 348
16 411
2 460
...
26 876
6 014
—
23 690
3 238
tonnes
3 068
3 368
4 378
6 250
6 656
tonnes
tonnes
79 102
111 578
996
133 039
176 461
122 178
227 793
144 824
173 488
147 329
tonnes
tonnes
3 049
379 646
15 755
199 684
3 616
313 355
24 260
368 099
62 934
256 651
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 454
550
763
1 516
415
409
836
2 958
596
436
744
6 265
4 652
634
1 174
10 278
1 251
2 505
865
6 700
kilograms
—
103
—
64 453
12 202
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
90 320
43 127
383
28 754
19 974
4 510
54 772
17 377
17 732
63 632
18 503
20 100
64 379
19 211
3 200
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
9 634
2
0
374
81
9 661
64 462
607
2 842
2
...
39
71
1 229
29 805
159
32
—
...
102
59
4 270
35 270
486
35
3
674
40
42
5 384
71 858
360
42
936
986
40
1 464
4 536
59 444
480
tonnes
162
3 301
4 459
5 755
1 892
tonnes
5 196
855
1 245
593
1 159
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
6
9 325 904
2 246 642
1 209 385
7
8 413 067
1 761 529
1 162 070
65
9 018 334
2 048 906
1 354 093
37
8 943 996
2 385 268
1 254 579
45
8 523 368
2 265 929
1 216 427
kilograms
40 800
22 700
76 400
64 600
4 800
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
10 971
107 749
487
2 617
6 631
87
2 581
32 552
4
7 069
35 602
112
6 267
52 573
1 837
tonnes
8
3
14
11
10
Note(s)
(a) Including anthracite
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Scrap
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Copper
Unwrought
Scrap
Diatomite
Feldspar
Gold
Waste and scrap
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Scrap
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesia
Molybdenum
Metal
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Phosphate rock
Platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Potash
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Rare earths
Rare earth compounds
73
Lithuania
Imports continued
Commodity
Salt
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
Titanium
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Zinc
Unwrought (a)
Note(s)
(a) Including alloys
74
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
166 505
159 534
209 506
246 724
154 780
kilograms
6 900
5 800
6 300
7 800
9 200
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
293 365
404
388
319 353
18
225
326 485
1
270
298 977
0
190
293 839
3
154
tonnes
38
24
12
13
4
tonnes
980
1 259
1 947
2 081
2 028
tonnes
1
—
1
156
52
tonnes
563
190
460
1 049
1 063
Luxembourg
Luxembourg
Production
Commodity
Cement
Cement, clinker
Cement, finished
Crude steel
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
761 800
907 500
2 582 000
706 426
929 820
2 141 000
736 000
1 030 700
2 548 000
770 232
1 232 633
2 521 000
* 750 000
* 1 200 000
2 214 000
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
451 026
132 842
160 773
161 019
165 025
tonnes
tonnes
143 237
11 164
85 636
3 785
157 473
6 034
151 330
6 051
145 882
6 902
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
181 689
109 447
264 233
58 463
119 660
137 975
7 695
341 075
219 688
4 215
424 306
320 980
1
321 903
338 240
tonnes
7
3
1
305
1
tonnes
2 412
1 787
2 492
2 449
2 449
Carats
346 291 881
313 330
750 900
1 006 960
13 945 000
kilograms
55 600
38 000
32 700
8 000
4 500
tonnes
kilograms
553
...
661
...
1 596
83 600
1 919
40 900
1 698
—
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
49 843
504 067
268
16 793
114 924
414
10 953
165 832
22
37 393
133 133
6
27 521
102 625
54
tonnes
481
621
943
1 325
1 171
kilograms
kilograms
5 800
...
2 500
24 700
...
5 600
—
16 000
—
...
tonnes
tonnes
778
219
98
220
330
1 072
190
589
122
311
kilograms
100
—
—
600
11 600
tonnes
0
2
203
47
—
tonnes
315
423
1 134
739
698
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Cobalt
Metal
Copper
Scrap
Diamond
Dust
Gold
Metal
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
Iodine
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Potash
Chloride
Salt
Silver
Metal
Tungsten
Metal
Zinc
Scrap
75
Luxembourg
Imports
Commodity
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Primary aggregates
tonnes
Aluminium and bauxite
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Asbestos
Unmanufactured
tonnes
Barytes
tonnes
Cement
Cement clinkers
tonnes
Portland cement
tonnes
Other cement
tonnes
Coal
Anthracite
tonnes
Other coal
tonnes
Lignite
tonnes
Cobalt
Metal
tonnes
Copper
Scrap
tonnes
Diamond
Unsorted
Carats
Gem, cut
Carats
Industrial
Carats
Dust
Carats
Diatomite
tonnes
Fluorspar
tonnes
Gold
Metal
kilograms
Gypsum
Crude
tonnes
Calcined
tonnes
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-niobium
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Ferro-vanadium
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Ingots, blooms, billets
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Magnesite and magnesia
tonnes
Natural gas
tonnes
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
kilograms
Potash
Potassic fertilisers
tonnes
Rare earths
Rare earth compounds
tonnes
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys tonnes
Salt
tonnes
Silver
Metal
kilograms
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
tonnes
Titanium
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Tungsten
Carbide
tonnes
Zinc
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
1 370 991
1 757 604
2 097 069
2 211 572
2 036 554
52 669
9 320
123 407
33 315
4 480
48 091
62 504
7 362
128 632
51 627
5 586
121 295
44 826
8 278
161 015
...
27 726
—
16 377
—
17 182
37
17 049
1
12 350
36 976
33 617
22 879
17 827
56 666
16 255
27 238
34 642
12 119
34 532
42 548
14 934
34 703
37 740
15 382
34 471
81 616
7 119
16 525
83 454
7 093
24 834
76 133
7 090
16 256
73 322
7 710
10 994
69 623
8 620
243
11
163
811
80
8 833
7 533
10 708
10 061
14 275
£24 000
£595 000
155 000
£691 000
1 492
1 343
£47 000
£446 000
60 000
£227 000
7 054
618
£20 000
£418 000
105 000
£609 000
7 858
983
£248 000
£533 000
35 000
£472 000
7 394
887
£262 000
£864 000
860 000
£891 000
129
795
37 400
10 000
12 300
13 300
10 000
51 416
25 257
57 828
15 793
50 104
10 715
69 918
18 459
63 994
24 216
5 478
28 617
473
8 115
357
952
1 004 405
3 880 672
10 951
1 663
221 375
1 132
25 617
166
2 846
150
432
364 945
1 829 754
6 316
2 202
92 122
910
27 116
192
3 428
292
614
407 419
2 693 481
904
2 612
3 591
1 317
29 053
226
3 828
328
851
370 786
2 632 849
563
2 375
3 077
1 193
29 843
212
3 642
298
797
237 293
2 259 684
736
3 805
1 441
1 410
1 702
1 633
0
289
2 048
801
1 681
1 167
1 252
1
—
45 882
2
—
51 132
2
11
77 304
5
0
91 033
2
—
24 059
7 061
3 738
24 304
11 000
2 800
5 771
2 981
2 166
1 789
1 432
165
1 051
66
1 114
456
1 481
1 842
1 534
786
1 494
983
465
7
2
—
5 831
537
6 049
237
9 232
475
6 819
533
7 461
550
76
Macedonia
Macedonia
Production
Commodity
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
13 689
9 033
7 084
8 918
2 355
7 669 103
8 051
28 920
242 400
344 866
7 395 915
7 440
19 377
154 550
299 332
6 583 074
7 912
23 188
143 118
344 866
7 902 084
7 555
25 032
162 984
348 576
7 309 546
9 506
17 168
157 844
225 224
54 931
15 026
42 674
49 877
15 000
15 000
* 40 000
977
38 737
—
12 000
7 657
46 788
12 000
12 000
* 35 000
682
38 648
36 705
14 413
30 044
41 293
14 400
14 200
* 32 000
1 292
32 872
50 756
17 292
56 167
37 295
17 292
25 600
* 30 000
547
28 132
14 179
19 247
42 402
39 184
19 200
19 200
* 31 000
286
28 037
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
2 043
1 514
2 351
2 432
2 724
tonnes
5 201
3 716
3 310
3 730
3 635
tonnes
tonnes
173 089
281 782
5 638
361 677
...
315 074
0
277 326
154 117
136 803
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
* 41 000
—
2 302
23 762
* 39 000
14
2 029
18 457
* 41 000
8
576
21 924
* 39 000
8
2 845
25 111
* 45 000
1 090
2 221
14 857
tonnes
12 496
12 604
30 273
32 328
715
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
...
...
...
(a)* 257 000
104 326
773
10 938
(a)* 91 800
16 621
59 407
50
31 344
67 384
19 491
71 830
4
46 254
77 107
52 684
83 784
209
22 482
89 302
41 131
88 861
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
...
184
2 209
60 702
1 271
226
55 482
801
226
48 959
421
219
49 055
685
218
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
...
1 685
3 255
509
0
1 233
3 616
528
60 181
1 056
2 666
636
25 579
651
5 456
648
16 219
709
4 898
380
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
tonnes
Coal
Lignite
tonnes
Copper, mine
tonnes (metal content)
Feldspar
tonnes
Gypsum (a)
tonnes
Crude steel
tonnes
Ferro-alloys
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-nickel
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Lead, mine
tonnes (metal content)
Nickel, smelter/refinery
tonnes
Nickel, mined
tonnes (metal content)
Silver
kilograms (metal content)
Talc
tonnes
Zinc, mine
tonnes (metal content)
Note(s)
(a) Including anhydrite
Exports
Commodity
Aluminium and bauxite
Scrap
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Copper
Ores and concentrates (a)
Unwrought
Scrap
Feldspar
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-silicon
Scrap
Lead
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Nickel
Ores and concentrates
Phosphate rock
Salt
Talc
77
Macedonia
Exports continued
Commodity
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Scrap
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
...
576
69 509
479
60 369
739
51 545
313
51 154
103
Note(s)
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Coal
Hard coal (c)
Lignite
Briquettes
Fluorspar
Graphite
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Magnesite and magnesia
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
Nickel
Ores and concentrates
Natural gas
Crude petroleum
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Salt
Silver
Metal
Titanium
Oxides
Zinc
Unwrought (a)
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
1 163
894
1 029
1 180
3 403
tonnes
tonnes
3 446
485
2 164
1 341
2 839
1 554
2 642
1 842
2 785
1 073
tonnes
168
142
219
302
725
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
(b)* 9 000
136 030
797
(b)* 17 000
193 076
397
(b)* 2 000
185 378
1 213
8 932
148 954
409
(b)* —
193 978
501
tonnes
306
495
294
512
324
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
214 078
...
56 640
300
1 522
85 660
340
9 207
457
761
160 162
23 409
7 623
350
875
189 549
42 052
22 546
600
911
233 556
27 024
18 209
244
648
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
2 609
3 402
482 294
255 543
12 259
13 956
1 732
1 618
157 566
7 375
4 879
10 113
1 823
2 401
145 509
292 049
4 985
11 266
1 382
5 970
97 889
318 612
3 815
9 418
1 075
3 251
100 791
157 401
1 440
5 547
tonnes
170 455
...
56 893
110 589
42 109
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
789 929
86 823
1 057 671
985 925
53 192
992 672
1 210 300
79 059
852 361
1 393 490
93 816
685 090
1 518 156
96 877
258 896
kilograms
tonnes
—
37 575
—
39 232
2 420
42 011
7 649
39 986
9 910
49 248
kilograms
3 807
2 229
3 294
3 779
2 032
tonnes
426
427
504
502
455
tonnes
4 954
4 147
5 213
4 920
4 611
Note(s)
(a) Including alloys
(b) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
(c) Including anthracite
78
Malta
Malta
Exports
Commodity
Aluminium and bauxite
Scrap
Copper
Scrap
Gold
Waste and scrap
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Scrap
Silver
Metal
Tin
Scrap
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
1 441
1 361
1 865
1 788
2 058
tonnes
1 890
1 828
919
1 096
1 287
kilograms
...
...
17 008
27 387
...
tonnes
25 379
27 775
29 498
38 408
34 244
kilograms
...
...
100
500
500
tonnes
250
*1
*3
4
134
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
25 817
47 363
37 324
28 813
38 373
tonnes
639
635
921
844
446
tonnes
tonnes
374 392
1 498
328 411
1 552
285 182
13 002
258 304
6 676
260 664
2 906
kilograms
6 820
5 500
8 200
3 400
3 100
tonnes
tonnes
5 505
3 794
2 305
1 364
10 446
1 682
11 428
1 366
12 507
2 567
kilograms
5 455
1 090
128
100
100
tonnes
463
470
463
445
346
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Cement
Portland cement
Other cement
Gold
Metal
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
Salt
Silver
Metal
Titanium
Oxides
79
Montenegro
Montenegro
Production
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Bauxite
Alumina
Primary aluminium
Coal
Lignite
Crude steel
Salt
Sea salt
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes (Al2O3 content)
tonnes
234 210
462 331
671 811
220 426
111 513
183 235
186 221
45 779
58 528
63 960
255 678
265 066
61 205
—
82 043
133 947
167 405
158 614
—
92 838
201 896
112 630
—
—
74 813
tonnes
tonnes
1 740 076
201 623
957 164
90 404
1 937 847
48 272
1 972 671
61 164
1 706 302
28 161
tonnes
25 200
17 000
11 200
10 000
16 000
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
151 614
127 600
112 522
32 451
15 527
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
101 182
(a) 92 372
2 692
17 122
(a) 82 877
1 570
85 623
(a) 76 891
2 045
127 268
108 813
2 357
26 354
75 180
2 356
tonnes
1 384
24
48
27
26
tonnes
...
...
...
2 372
1 583
tonnes
40 449
58 381
69 130
48 940
47 778
tonnes
1 356
1 029
1 769
2 356
1 650
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
32 159
10 229
3 505
15 423
14 442
3 776
18 775
28 570
14 316
6 866
55 204
1 560
9 199
43 998
1 845
tonnes
...
...
499
6 579
9 120
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
74 112
44 639
26 703
12 574
4 709
tonnes
7
55 777
157 753
185 103
139 940
tonnes
48
0
22
...
...
tonnes
tonnes
517 062
214 958
279 497
171 150
266 063
116 132
250 759
90 911
248 013
92 927
tonnes
tonnes
12 792
15 410
6 734
3 448
—
(a) 0
62
3
39
14
Carats
117 503
17 850
45 000
...
...
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Unwrought
Scrap
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Cement
Portland cement
Coal
Lignite
Copper
Scrap
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Salt
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Note(s)
(a) Including alloys
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Alumina
Asbestos
Unmanufactured
Cement
Portland cement
Other cement
Coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Diamond
Dust
80
Montenegro
Imports continued
Commodity
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Scrap
Salt
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
1 747
3 356
653
730
521
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
17 864
356
2 921
697
66
138 502
4 814
13 954
103
1 664
271
24
54 801
10 402
322
242
1 663
288
55
19 950
6 470
1 150
395
891
187
171
27 396
9 600
119
249
306
402
38
11 306
6 795
Note(s)
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
81
Netherlands
Netherlands
Production
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
Primary aluminium
Cadmium
Cement
Cement, finished
Indium
Pig iron
Crude steel
Lead, refined
Magnesite (a)
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Salt
Slab zinc
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
70 409 000
317 000
530
63 350 000
165 000
* 490
56 865 000
217 000
* 560
71 320 000
* 200 000
* 570
* 71 000 000
* 200 000
* 560
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
million m3
tonnes
tonnes
* 2 700 000
5
6 130 000
6 853 000
* 16 000
316 264
2 163 000
79 325
6 200 000
250 000
* 2 700 000
*5
4 655 000
5 194 000
* 21 000
183 256
1 704 000
74 659
5 967 000
224 000
* 2 700 000
*5
5 799 000
6 651 000
* 20 000
236 053
1 414 000
83 944
5 982 000
264 000
* 2 700 000
*5
5 943 000
6 937 000
* 21 000
274 877
1 464 000
76 429
6 866 000
261 000
* 2 700 000
*5
5 909 000
6 879 000
* 22 000
290 873
1 467 000
76 020
6 513 000
257 000
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
9 339 355
7 140 000
9 311 275
15 472 833
15 140 085
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
129 186
257 169
85 713
332 871
361 012
264 142
* 59 000
62 131
65 279
218 141
191 239
200 650
26 997
8 665
76 244
424 733
320 263
317 038
12 739
43 695
89 612
390 062
246 826
322 834
19 133
9 831
128 448
371 106
203 792
372 917
tonnes
tonnes
185
346
171
285
219
433
385
264
475
206
tonnes
tonnes
67
58 740
* 30
121 567
11
79 880
62
71 719
55
92 823
tonnes
120 946
135 722
178 093
186 574
141 709
tonnes
kilograms
196
1 821 400
28
1 960 700
34
1 477 700
32
1 154 400
52
84 300
tonnes
816
305
606
617
839
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
0
298 133
6 217
352
194 392
11 447
34
201 065
57 922
3 911
310 479
150 175
33 160
274 856
203 678
tonnes
tonnes
117 639
4 282
32 485
885
74 483
3 569
126 012
2 197
156 975
3 112
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
109 516
6 399 941
15
78 064
5 154 853
16 347
41 054
7 580 839
144 797
303 741
8 239 446
294 637
153 370
1 281 730
148 931
tonnes
tonnes
959
1 090
65
353
144
1 733
67
2 062
132
1 934
Note(s)
(1) Netherlands is also believed to produce sulphur
(a) Chloride produced from solution mining
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Oxide
Arsenic
Metallic arsenic
Barytes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Bromine
Cadmium
Metal
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Briquettes
Cobalt
Oxides
Metal
82
Netherlands
Exports continued
Commodity
Units
Copper
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Diamond
Unsorted
Carats
Gem, cut
Carats
Industrial
Carats
Dust
Carats
Diatomite
tonnes
Feldspar
tonnes
Fluorspar
tonnes
Gold
Metal
kilograms
Waste and scrap
kilograms
Graphite
tonnes
Gypsum
Crude
tonnes
Calcined
tonnes
Iodine
kilograms
Iron ore
tonnes
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
tonnes
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-molybdenum
tonnes
Ferro-nickel
tonnes
Ferro-niobium
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
tonnes
Ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten tonnes
Ferro-vanadium
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Silicon metal
tonnes
Ingots, blooms, billets
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Lead
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Lithium
Oxides
tonnes
Carbonate
tonnes
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
tonnes
Magnesia
tonnes
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Mercury
kilograms
Mica
tonnes
Molybdenum
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Nickel
Mattes, sinters etc (b)
tonnes
Unwrought (c)
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Phosphate rock
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
27 105
6 693
241 332
29 260
2 413
143 329
20 175
2 379
283 847
34 435
3 057
315 437
59 260
2 389
328 463
£442 000
£7 567 000
£2 156 000
£45 000
301
555
12 665
£494 000
£3 780 000
£1 415 000
£196 000
1 365
1 355
11 333
£371 000
£3 132 000
£2 179 000
£51 000
359
105
14 023
£1 799 000
£16 418 000
£1 282 000
£57 000
633
112
28 870
£823 000
£8 002 000
£1 508 000
£97 000
807
281
19 488
37 439
45 456
1 378
15 515
1 222
1 974
34 851
57 680
2 967
50 559
112 629
10 651
37 629
123 769
11 201
37 991
15 228
773 705
(a) 85 698
* 39 600
5 550
386 170
(a) 239 932
15 773
1 656
124 797
121 426
42 080
2 714
152 295
208 469
36 388
3 005
122 569
49 903
170 468
103 036
15
65 203
17 571
3 150
5 086
1 736
71 762
3 046
1 168
2 274
22 603
15 547
806 999
4 523 660
72 264
89 714
62 439
* 300
33 193
37 593
1 894
3 564
925
87 348
2 730
476
926
* 33 000
46 466
157 861
* 2 835 000
33 563
111 189
170 489
448
35 353
66 085
6 462
6 264
1 175
219 244
10 510
727
1 909
50 903
69 896
849 018
5 541 773
33 923
133 861
242 310
14 816
66 053
62 737
6 544
7 514
2 070
238 469
13 620
1 155
2 343
16 535
65 055
1 553 519
5 692 223
24 652
184 975
232 408
31 811
57 013
99 228
8 031
10 306
1 280
226 217
10 357
990
1 772
15 559
86 097
1 601 063
5 635 229
25 254
55 980
7 725
12 278
74 725
11 061
13 807
63 921
12 971
35 168
94 100
16 989
30 486
46 688
14 432
21 665
511
299
205
227
116
160
365
300
303
567
494
344 675
180
160 337
423
139 516
744
402 976
31
370 287
19 103
19 144
192 605
1 341
28 701
15 642
419 480
3 214
21 806
38 159
195 272
1 687
29 097
44 310
72 020
2 396
27 154
29 855
67 263
1 986
16 284
282
4 253
4 408
46
1 805
17 126
249
6 429
19 765
492
6 434
24 083
128
6 407
* 2 400
117
4 614
328 795
120 214
* 2 900
105
1 711
184 860
11 807
* 1 800
165
1 956
340 357
138 239
* 2 400
49 681
1 793
81 621
166 704
* 1 400
46 929
1 405
396 475
162 952
83
Netherlands
Exports continued
Commodity
Units
Platinum metals
Platinum
kilograms
Platinum metals
kilograms
Waste and scrap
kilograms
Potash
Sulphate
tonnes
Chloride
tonnes
Other potassic fertilisers
tonnes
Rare earths
Metals
tonnes
Rare earth compounds
tonnes
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys tonnes
Salt
tonnes
Sillimanite minerals
tonnes
Silver
Ores and concentrates
kilograms
Metal
kilograms
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
tonnes
Sulphur
tonnes
Talc
tonnes
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
tonnes
Tin
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Titanium
Titanium minerals
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Tungsten
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Vanadium
Pentoxide
tonnes
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Zirconium
Concentrates
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
£18 207 000
£10 385 000
352 175
£59 804 000
£10 383 000
* 163 160
£14 634 000
£7 953 000
1 877
£9 386 000
£7 261 000
220
£10 282 000
£5 329 000
5 714
1 424
147 436
1 341
4 431
133 012
2 680
7 854
174 453
15 619
45 711
22 746
45 766
27 002
395 684
31 642
202
131
19
3 878 601
10 848
* 135
* 150
44
* 3 412 200
5 602
86
177
49
3 456 740
6 907
70
327
18
2 631 255
23 239
163
341
32
2 456 168
13 447
18 000
208 300
—
196 180
1 458
216 182
6 944
624 589
123
241 614
132 802
850 183
186 688
10 039
36 898
147 544
56 610
480 968
173 042
101 114
469 819
147 492
84 734
561 995
150 456
2
4
22
42
19
2 566
948
157
1 536
558
547
4 043
856
544
3 619
357
465
5 670
314
363
1 341
1 551
15 544
13 664
895
36 179
101 840
4 117
31 385
69 170
9 548
11 305
57 796
10 173
14 836
29
582
25
133
104
406
0
255
0
119
45
102
122
186
328
0
244 789
23 932
19 815
425
133 994
22 041
* 11 900
12 182
166 281
42 182
32 543
132 344
122 532
52 382
25 629
90 253
213 479
39 626
28 277
8 223
4 639
11 091
13 351
9 959
Note(s)
(a) Including burnt pyrites
(b) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
(c) Including alloys
84
Netherlands
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Oxide
Arsenic
Metallic arsenic
Barytes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Bromine (a)
Cadmium
Metal
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Cobalt
Metal
Oxides
Copper
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Diamond
Unsorted
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Diatomite
Feldspar
Fluorspar
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron ore
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
26 922 364
* 25 007 000
26 065 573
28 239 777
23 457 644
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
182 711
689 724
178 940
248 386
479 786
210 203
68 038
153 891
52 798
134 950
284 410
88 053
113 499
692 413
167 596
384 724
462 371
184 066
113 653
955 665
246 013
424 915
537 289
241 081
108 492
626 715
243 186
487 639
464 926
270 014
tonnes
tonnes
234
51 439
150
2 257
314
57 454
208
26 729
586
18 315
tonnes
tonnes
8
122 039
* 45
43 928
2
161 343
19
148 240
0
168 963
tonnes
314 298
* 190 000
237 683
289 615
277 221
tonnes
kilograms
120
7 661
42
63 310
259
321 599
192
114 504
427
297 589
tonnes
186
50
102
1
15
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
380 281
1 705 144
993 318
511 560
904 788
842 190
636 694
1 123 936
1 136 163
424 274
1 580 140
1 475 035
558 153
1 278 033
1 488 241
tonnes
tonnes
145 698
3 897
18 702
2 157
88 788
6 642
135 776
5 773
180 648
4 789
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
79 784
17 843 689
5 265
53 432
8 005
14 084 993
29 239
53 030
44 958
18 783 491
21 933
132 281
225 184
18 008 920
15 824
429 514
257 485
21 017 984
22 991
1 398 836
tonnes
tonnes
1 124
244
* 491
54
962
118
1 023
596
1 249
16
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
66
26
35 077
2 440
116 503
46
2 678
33 771
1 329
—
40
7 194
26 982
2 101
144 426
125
5 502
41 659
2 111
204 327
2 529
9
25 369
1 930
214 211
Carats
Carats
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
£803 000
£1 071 000
£17 750 000
£1 088 000
791 805
6 275
12 633
13 860
£551 000
£95 000
£10 757 000
£613 000
426 830
3 794
8 849
13 014
£80 000
£47 000
£15 248 000
£624 000
290 475
4 641
15 721
14 295
£192 000
£38 000
£35 316 000
£1 393 000
2 074 815
6 034
9 071
23 603
£144 000
£61 000
£30 128 000
£1 392 000
820 000
6 232
57 431
11 725
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
41 012
2 422
42 612
42 806
111
2 487
37 888
110 465
16 692
38 349
188 490
14 266
35 027
117
13 498
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
285 990
415 623
800 817
10 831 769
249 206
418 481
23 376
(b) 4 585 303
203 179
368 523
16 031
(b) 8 810 077
307 971
611 145
1 352 421
8 921 399
280 623
570 600
811 065
7 445 399
85
Netherlands
Imports continued
Commodity
Units
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
tonnes
Sponge and powder
tonnes
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-molybdenum
tonnes
Ferro-nickel
tonnes
Ferro-niobium
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
tonnes
Ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten tonnes
Ferro-vanadium
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Silicon metal
tonnes
Ingots, blooms, billets
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Lead
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Lithium
Oxides
tonnes
Carbonate
tonnes
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
tonnes
Magnesia
tonnes
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Mercury
kilograms
Mica
Unmanufactured
tonnes
Ground
tonnes
Molybdenum
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Nickel
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Oxides (c)
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas (c)
tonnes
Phosphate rock
tonnes
Platinum metals
Platinum
kilograms
Platinum metals
kilograms
Waste and scrap
kilograms
Potash
Sulphate
tonnes
Chloride
tonnes
Other potassic fertilisers
tonnes
Rare earths
Metals
tonnes
Cerium compounds
tonnes
Other rare earth compounds
tonnes
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys tonnes
Salt
tonnes
Sillimanite minerals
Sillimanite minerals
tonnes
Mullite
tonnes
86
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
292 867
253 882
275 995
1
96 135
70 108
8 566
17 602
2 074
114 290
6 781
1 572
2 042
30 407
57 446
283 834
1 842 597
352 122
122 185
109 768
40 931
1 394
39 045
29 335
2 868
4 274
949
79 461
1 860
554
519
6 951
41 740
110 561
* 1 135 000
68 072
98 575
378 111
93 919
2 838
86 504
57 967
4 643
19 378
920
178 138
11 922
1 168
2 014
11 263
82 599
536 157
1 988 278
150 929
213 530
402 025
123 284
525
89 805
80 905
7 753
25 849
1 354
152 194
13 484
1 298
1 890
17 558
75 664
1 335 875
2 188 452
150 310
190 874
416 889
76 613
353
84 529
21 583
4 548
20 222
1 397
181 213
14 189
726
1 710
7 372
81 148
1 040 244
2 408 332
149 090
5 307
9 373
11 325
1 935
7 195
13 593
1 558
8 717
21 255
8 083
8 496
16 886
29 375
4 020
15 622
537
729
228
316
290
431
494
527
201
462
3 609
314 860
3 259
80 478
459
345 154
3 115
458 372
195
340 922
10 664
35 573
293 481
9 398
19 083
* 101 000
23 045
50 866
30 636
33 555
35 618
213 259
66 281
40 131
154 983
751
2 618
523
3 490
191
21 756
419
20 744
418
4 632
36 305
572
859
9 555
84
230
35 335
274
594
40 562
261
865
39 782
236
596
11
...
1 227
* 30
12 647
58 484 561
* 17 228 000
1 108 711
* 220
...
227
* 70
4 666
35 086 584
* 9 512 000
192 355
5 940
...
638
* 50
21 724
60 408 191
* 11 044 000
779 354
9 544
230 179
3 548
* 70
4 607
55 108 848
* 12 153 000
779 537
744
32 005
982
* 150
2 584
63 505 928
* 10 107 568
679 557
£89 137 000
£8 219 000
40
£78 613 000
£11 659 000
111
£25 740 000
£13 014 000
260 515
£73 911 000
£54 486 000
411 332
£79 002 282
£31 439 659
5 883
17 393
307 612
3 899
28 984
204 377
3 466
21 982
430 138
1 542
56 536
756 966
26 231
66 497
905 233
24 569
261
278
2 766
4
167 508
* 200
71
* 1 100
6
* 253 000
48
88
568
2
1 404 032
18
223
173
1
2 397 781
99
396
742
23
331 643
3 400
18 557
2 425
21 064
3 576
51 745
13 342
64 162
13 177
34 244
Netherlands
Imports continued
Commodity
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
Tin
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Titanium
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Carbide
Vanadium
Pentoxide
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Zirconium
Concentrates
Metal
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
kilograms
265 925
218 279
304 219
338 239
301 089
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
145 627
55 173
0
207 922
2 119
11 430
2
94 407
48
49 399
4
178 312
1 593
229 496
7
199 302
329
80 459
3 736
182 898
tonnes
10
4
6
9
(c)* 24
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
11 003
2 540
503
7 071
504
380
13 967
665
606
11 303
505
524
7 453
276
424
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
87 769
1 073
37 101
* 100 000
1 224
40 914
238 199
5 330
43 542
196 960
6 094
52 165
158 679
5 709
2 973
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
457
329
94
(c)* 900
71
42
(c)* 1 200
206
18
(c)* 3 100
209
15
(c)* 3 400
211
23
tonnes
227
27
204
888
558
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
430 617
155 003
24 062
6 270
320 568
104 253
15 791
8 274
391 050
254 953
19 827
12 653
355 644
227 277
13 356
9 283
445 698
221 680
8 029
6 759
tonnes
tonnes
24 694
240
11 027
* 70
23 981
188
43 560
297
17 070
211
Note(s)
(a) May include some fluorine
(b) Including burnt pyrites
(c) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
87
Norway
Norway
Production
Commodity
Units
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
tonnes
Crushed rock
tonnes
Primary aluminium
tonnes
Cadmium
tonnes
Cement
Cement, clinker
tonnes
Cement, finished
tonnes
Coal
Bituminous (a)
tonnes
Cobalt metal
tonnes
Copper, smelter
tonnes
Copper, refined
tonnes
Feldspar
tonnes
Graphite
tonnes
Gypsum (b)(c)
tonnes
Iron ore
tonnes
Pig iron
tonnes
Crude steel
tonnes
Ferro-alloys
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Silicon metal
tonnes
Nickel, smelter/refinery
tonnes
Nickel, mined
tonnes (metal content)
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas
million m3
Nepheline syenite
tonnes
Sulphur and pyrites
Recovered (d)
tonnes (sulphur content)
Recovered (e)
tonnes (sulphur content)
Talc
tonnes
Titanium
Ilmenite
tonnes
Slab zinc
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
14 817 000
52 338 000
1 368 000
178
13 047 000
51 378 000
1 090 000
249
13 011 000
54 134 000
1 400 000
300
13 215 000
63 855 000
1 982 000
309
14 262 000
67 670 000
1 985 000
* 310
* 1 600 000
* 1 700 000
* 1 550 000
* 1 650 000
* 1 550 000
* 1 650 000
1 415 000
1 547 000
* 1 400 000
* 1 500 000
3 429 000
3 719
37 000
37 000
62 000
4 100
70 013
746 000
* 100 000
560 000
2 437 000
3 510
33 900
33 900
48 000
4 562
68 103
896 000
* 100 000
595 000
1 685 000
3 208
36 200
36 200
56 000
6 270
36 395
3 266 000
* 100 000
520 000
1 640 000
3 067
36 000
36 000
25 271
7 789
88 953
2 532 100
* 100 000
620 000
1 583 000
2 969
38 000
38 000
—
6 992
85 296
3 421 000
* 100 000
683 000
* 130 000
273 485
185 344
* 60 000
180 135
88 700
377
121 611 000
99 300
346 000
* 130 000
247 615
233 974
* 150 000
169 643
88 577
336
115 612 000
104 800
270 000
* 130 000
281 266
* 200 000
* 150 000
* 170 000
92 185
348
105 146 000
107 800
327 000
* 130 000
248 700
170 102
* 150 000
* 170 000
92 000
339
100 343 000
101 697
330 000
* 130 000
266 000
203 886
* 150 000
* 170 000
92 000
351
94 497 000
114 918
320 000
* 95 000
28 000
* 30 000
* 90 000
25 000
23 350
* 96 000
22 000
6 392
* 96 000
19 000
8 191
* 96 000
* 20 000
7 983
915 000
145 469
671 000
138 973
864 000
148 862
870 000
153 200
831 000
152 647
Note(s)
(1) Norway is also believed to produce gold
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
88
Spitzbergen: not including production from mines controlled by Russia
Including anhydrite
Sales
From metal sulphide processing
From petroleum refining and/or Natural gas
Norway
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Barytes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Cadmium
Metal
Cement
Cement clinkers (a)
Portland cement (a)
Chromium
Metal
Cobalt
Metal
Copper
Unwrought
Scrap
Diatomite
Feldspar
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
Iodine
Iron ore
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron (a)
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese (a)
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Scrap
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Mica
Nickel
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Rare earths
Metals
Other rare earth compounds
Salt
Silver
Metal
Talc
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
16 683 638
13 843 722
16 877 617
20 858 955
19 761 572
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
105 729
1 484 854
41 476
5 608
106 593
1 249 830
80 729
4 069
74 941
1 420 662
77 216
12 071
58 478
1 370 411
88 312
8 008
66 997
1 287 135
76 950
9 954
tonnes
157
294
3 726
318
1 318
tonnes
1
—
25
—
—
tonnes
259
211
329
317
221
tonnes
tonnes
* 118 000
* 152 000
* 104 000
* 14 200
* 150 000
* 144 000
* 251 000
* 94 000
* 104 000
* 138 000
tonnes
128
85
97
78
202
tonnes
3 731
3 550
3 325
3 064
3 059
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
37 499
22 561
770
58 211
33 497
25 339
6
47 711
35 975
37 829
1
55 637
36 549
45 889
—
30 617
38 146
55 842
9
4 821
kilograms
kilograms
3 847
600
3 865
1 197
4 567
1 482
7 439
1 904
8 498
4 261
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
69 976
—
615 296
68 140
250
775 828
36 298
—
1 803 242
85 598
13 250
2 435 415
90 159
1 127
3 659 210
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
* 110 100
798
(a)* 80
* 354 000
257 804
209 669
57 777
155 385
62 625
269 370
47
* 75 000
286
—
* 203 000
200 279
115 682
16 247
109 254
106 505
228 138
271
* 118 000
678
(a)* 30
* 332 000
245 095
214 643
2 479
162 649
64 474
337 675
103
* 110 000
169
(a)* 65
* 379 000
246 808
246 711
47
154 191
92 475
289 943
85
* 91 000
1 269
(a)* 90
* 370 000
277 070
244 224
9
161 468
163 423
345 558
492
tonnes
695
504
1 800
1 444
1 944
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
10 266
1 363
2 640
9 214
59
1 835
10 709
112
2 078
2 600
462
2 144
39 355
95
2 093
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
8 093
88 940
394
91 299 591
71 394 708
2 464
88 080
274
87 982 743
74 357 298
4 818
91 813
1 042
79 030 886
75 626 277
7 598
92 705
582
70 031 846
74 356 856
7 969
91 591
499
64 341 641
84 557 156
kilograms
kilograms
15 393
5 119
12 341
35 829
9 714
157 937
11 951
36 399
13 707
63 560
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1
21
4 833
105
21
14 998
—
30
12 609
19
23
5 775
5
13
17 053
kilograms
tonnes
59 381
27 371
58 979
23 461
57 617
728
62 849
2 204
49 856
535
89
Norway
Exports continued
Commodity
Tin
Scrap
Titanium
Titanium minerals (a)
Metal
Oxides (a)
Zinc
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
119
12
39
30
30
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
* 435 000
339
* 217 000
* 350 000
227
* 207 000
* 465 000
231
* 35 000
* 441 000
343
* 35 000
* 392 000
243
* 31 000
tonnes
tonnes
130 397
9 227
128 416
6 107
122 649
19 889
119 770
29 094
115 789
28 188
Note(s)
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Oxide
Barytes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates (a)
Metal
Coal
Anthracite (b)
Other coal (a)(b)
Briquettes
Cobalt
Metal
Oxides
Copper
Unwrought
Scrap
Diamond
Gem, cut
Industrial
Diatomite
Feldspar
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron ore
90
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
80 161
66 884
82 706
98 721
107 087
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
10 232
2 753 105
50 401
381 638
58 995
37 386
15 444
2 069 424
45 252
240 409
95 120
26 598
8 645
2 144 519
35 379
512 340
68 086
38 039
459
2 185 976
53 224
450 432
27 867
42 078
746
2 191 352
50 386
298 464
41 031
31 750
tonnes
tonnes
371
121 259
200
146 535
264
149 510
193
139 620
211
124 210
tonnes
14 783
12 612
14 506
12 668
11 620
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
36 704
361 216
22 317
6 904
237 896
20 474
7 070
353 102
21 621
170
409 018
25 809
312
435 344
28 533
tonnes
tonnes
* 600
128
* 400
74
* 400
90
* 500
437
* 300
453
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
81 955
* 538 000
24 406
54 199
* 367 000
1 074
78 387
* 517 000
1 160
79 140
* 230 000
733
78 412
* 468 000
792
tonnes
tonnes
3 131
—
3 012
155
2 132
0
684
0
5 090
3
tonnes
tonnes
3 133
11 189
1 627
9 727
4 609
9 891
909
12 856
704
12 073
Carats
Carats
tonnes
tonnes
13 178
100 000
1 891
17 367
9 604
85 000
931
13 781
8 545
160 000
842
16 413
5 305
140 000
808
18 228
* 4 400
285 000
867
14 322
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
1 146
3 940
561
670
3 568
508
969
4 127
400
1 220
5 415
129
1 338
4 915
124
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
121 440
298 394
1 668 339
151 503
76 435
234 564
1 270 662
134 167
84 359
270 721
1 708 338
148 809
94 824
275 909
1 663 657
127 127
79 789
299 898
1 759 025
92 702
Norway
Imports continued
Commodity
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Unwrought
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesia
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Mica
Unmanufactured
Ground
Nickel
Mattes, sinters etc
Unwrought
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Phosphate rock
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Potash
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Rare earths
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Salt
Sillimanite minerals
Silver
Ores and concentrates (a)
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Titanium
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (c)
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
11 198
1 589
929
7 448
1 960
81
13 502
2 390
40 878
167 309
96 427
253 361
10 639
292
1 162
6 608
1 186
103
9 097
823
29 810
59 344
91 114
190 562
1 498
575
1 311
5 303
548
121
10 615
1 544
49 349
4 733
108 802
225 576
10 709
39 665
1 534
5 254
0
172
9 595
2 090
53 897
5 411
138 814
149 002
9 749
36 216
1 293
1 200
2
133
5 383
1 022
28 196
5 977
210 426
176 164
tonnes
6 473
5 026
6 449
7 713
8 071
tonnes
5 989
4 904
10 987
8 714
9 795
tonnes
tonnes
1 232 799
2 595
525 674
1 297
1 121 716
1 974
1 085 383
2 697
1 072 991
1 636
tonnes
tonnes
1 174
1 243
1 021
1 140
1 224
1 179
1 573
294
1 964
285
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
178 502
(c) 201
828 709
442
682 369
153 437
(c) 199
1 225 514
231
403 098
170 365
(c) 235
1 508 241
4 393
9 638
199 173
(c) 246
1 238 531
1 005
6 499
190 275
250
1 305 413
444
—
kilograms
kilograms
1 072
1 093
1 005
930
1 425
1 362
1 430
1 160
758
1 403
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
190 757
349 459
674
123 549
199 385
509
(a)* 99 000
(a)* 377 000
612
(a)* 65 000
(a)* 354 000
287
(a)* 27 782
(a)* 395 133
320
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
341
7
1
1 075 905
2 702
24
9
0
959 630
4 359
148
1
8
1 042 489
3 456
552
13
9
1 106 066
3 208
438
3
9
1 052 197
3 626
kilograms
kilograms
* 200
67 398
* 5 700
47 040
* 1 100
57 422
* 700
49 727
* 4 700
47 768
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
4 690
12 932
8 020
3 102
12 127
6 517
2 897
11 515
8 356
3 051
11 627
8 364
2 725
12 685
8 374
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
73 307
937
12 241
29 809
389
8 209
45 018
412
10 115
25 003
723
10 376
...
890
8 093
tonnes
tonnes
243 213
3 286
209 649
1 612
228 828
1 376
250 537
1 013
260 442
2 313
Note(s)
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
(b) Excludes coal imported from Spitzbergen
(c) Including alloys
91
Poland
Poland
Production
Commodity
Units
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel (a)
tonnes
Crushed rock
tonnes
Primary aluminium
tonnes
Barytes
tonnes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
tonnes
Cadmium
tonnes
Cement
Cement, clinker
tonnes
Cement, finished
tonnes
Coal
Bituminous
tonnes
Lignite
tonnes
Copper, mine
tonnes (metal content)
Copper, smelter
tonnes
Copper, refined
tonnes
Diatomite
tonnes
Feldspar
tonnes
Gold (b)
kilograms (metal content)
Gypsum (c)
tonnes
Pig iron
tonnes
Crude steel
tonnes
Ferro-alloys
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Kaolin (d)
tonnes
Lead, mine
tonnes (metal content)
Lead, refined
tonnes
Magnesite
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas
million m3
Platinum metals
Platinum
kilograms (metal content)
Palladium
kilograms (metal content)
Rhenium
tonnes
Salt
Rock salt
tonnes
Brine salt
tonnes
Other salt
tonnes
Selenium metal
tonnes
Silver
kilograms (metal content)
Sulphur and pyrites
Frasch
tonnes (sulphur content)
Recovered (e)
tonnes (sulphur content)
Recovered (f)
tonnes (sulphur content)
Zinc, mine
tonnes (metal content)
Slab zinc
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
* 149 312 000
49 475 400
31 000
308
* 141 114 000
58 245 900
—
—
* 157 236 000
62 886 200
—
—
* 176 000 000
88 696 900
—
—
* 145 000 000
64 859 600
—
—
3 000
603
2 800
534
2 000
451
900
526
800
370
12 443 103
17 206 735
10 659 214
15 536 984
11 767 782
15 756 000
13 629 500
18 929 000
11 807 300
15 918 614
84 345 443
59 668 166
429 687
492 942
526 808
600
599 100
902
1 499 901
4 933 781
9 727 325
78 064 462
57 108 304
439 365
457 510
502 462
670
445 500
814
1 326 928
2 983 500
7 128 482
76 727 802
56 510 125
425 725
469 656
547 074
1 000
513 700
776
1 398 500
3 637 995
7 993 025
76 447 604
62 841 269
426 665
481 875
571 041
580
538 800
704
1 225 600
3 974 930
8 776 458
79 854 904
64 279 772
427 064
466 715
565 834
600
487 200
916
1 227 900
3 943 968
8 539 302
8 475
25 061
56 031
2 948
165 615
67 070
108 300
60 000
754 907
5 382
1 736
72
9 673
4 190
136 561
62 910
100 400
47 000
686 992
5 537
800
100
53 206
200
125 000
48 050
120 300
63 000
686 487
5 666
800
400
72 668
300
163 600
40 492
135 500
75 350
618 163
5 921
800
200
79 400
300
137 800
73 231
141 000
84 000
677 664
5 871
30
20
5
30
20
4
30
20
4
* 30
* 20
5
* 30
* 20
*5
618 111
2 783 198
706 618
82
1 221 000
988 545
2 533 413
763 385
80
1 221 000
1 221 700
2 464 363
763 515
79
1 183 000
1 254 000
2 633 300
768 000
85
1 167 000
793 000
2 732 200
724 000
90
1 149 000
762 119
294 000
215 000
132 400
142 600
262 769
257 000
214 382
115 500
139 100
516 742
253 000
250 075
107 700
135 000
657 100
310 500
259 000
87 200
144 100
676 500
* 300 000
285 000
76 700
138 300
Note(s)
(1) Poland is also believed to produce strontium minerals
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
92
Includes an estimate for small producers
Metal production
Including anhydrite
Washed
From metal sulphide processing
From petroleum refining and/or natural gas
Poland
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Bromine
Cadmium
Metal
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Cobalt
Oxides
Copper
Matte and cement
Unwrought
Scrap
Unwrought alloys
Diatomite
Feldspar
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
Iodine
Iron ore
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-manganese and
ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
Magnesia
Manganese
Metal
Mercury
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
1 237 976
902 193
1 031 013
1 058 307
962 169
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
536
82 242
123 468
833
66 065
102 757
448
103 803
123 503
8 546
111 421
130 472
—
118 356
155 032
tonnes
25
65
27
47
40
tonnes
kilograms
20 384
5 000
23 918
5 500
21 987
9 800
25 050
7 100
23 563
3 600
tonnes
558
590
484
579
388
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
163 902
314 733
78 349
127 806
405 940
35 305
89 692
415 187
22 984
46 295
358 847
17 523
99 977
303 667
28 200
tonnes
tonnes
66
1 465
107
861
425
7 948
3 604
7 135
536
2 977
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
16 173
7 775 799
1 009
71
5 282
8 368 190
68 273
363
41 908
10 323 041
116 682
2 114
43 370
676 364
145 063
15 992
37 906
5 257 817
133 531
1 676
tonnes
24
64
8
3
2
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
2 989
296 738
63 779
5 469
277
2 049
1 515
325 395
64 606
2 358
85
1 829
956
332 989
68 686
1 180
111
3 050
1 567
327 585
60 544
1 260
788
3 012
1 306
333 648
49 128
2 571
3 012
1 376
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
105 000
4 800
82
121 100
18 000
80
1 100
588
233
3 000
26
505
12 300
1 000
977
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
58 644
5 100
10 198
40 512
5 100
14 893
47 654
16 400
16 130
121 689
4 000
4 400
111 389
3 700
1 573
tonnes
tonnes
5 189
3 838
10 543
4 448
17 340
5 293
21 122
16 519
79 889
7 185
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
37 978
52 976
2 932
893
1 580 450
1 368 952
8 936
21 640
16 401
2 655
1 033
664 035
978 862
11 515
10 113
59 845
7 452
845
490 919
1 334 069
9 781
3 284
76 121
8 135
1 390
846 908
1 838 699
13 591
5 844
72 741
4 919
1 674
618 682
1 955 438
12 366
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
69 852
40 017
1 110
59 790
48 599
1 525
35 459
43 945
1 668
30 132
59 599
1 010
60 549
62 941
1 392
tonnes
tonnes
51
1 870
474
250
66
1 013
101
550
79
3 303
tonnes
kilograms
35
17 700
603
46 200
2 875
106 100
41
7 300
97
—
93
Poland
Exports continued
Commodity
Nickel
Mattes, sinters etc
Scrap
Unwrought (a)
Oxides
Crude petroleum
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Potash
Potassic fertilisers
Rare earths
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Salt
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Tin
Unwrought (a)
Titanium
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
...
647
334
759
34 871
1 443
260
172
260
17 227
1 134
416
1 876
38
3
—
749
252
29
186 730
—
709
917
5
211 223
kilograms
kilograms
7 275
7 399
47 400
1 600
1 100
300
2 400
3 400
400
63 900
tonnes
9 222
13 279
10 687
10 078
3 999
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
8
22
361 691
4
—
503 899
7
4
572 595
86
66
515 723
1
3
393 235
kilograms
1 121 900
1 265 200
1 281 800
1 328 900
1 378 800
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
446 202
27 041
829
152 484
29 540
793
402 102
34 752
869
394 861
26 542
744
506 641
29 757
830
tonnes
355
279
408
536
533
tonnes
tonnes
117
21 509
105
20 937
76
20 996
90
23 401
47
20 201
tonnes
143
136
154
179
89
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
58 035
83 571
3 606
430
45 877
84 833
4 699
1 617
4 213
96 142
6 280
902
0
105 552
6 939
960
0
105 929
6 541
533
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
5 868 908
5 349 230
5 014 564
9 022 494
5 766 695
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
59 907
126 143
25 334
71 563
195 072
67 176
49 033
27 626
23 083
67 561
144 983
67 408
48 664
29 920
31 406
125 567
192 393
84 622
45 672
34 691
26 536
125 147
232 859
98 484
51 430
35 709
25 912
112 325
245 491
108 168
tonnes
tonnes
52
1 086
71
1 034
47
1 044
68
1 026
62
949
tonnes
42
20
42
45
44
tonnes
tonnes
...
14 334
35
8 349
—
11 758
...
15 723
...
21 567
tonnes
171 633
122 165
155 173
212 585
233 200
tonnes
kilograms
25
10 600
20
6 100
34
17 200
23
11 200
24
66 300
Note(s)
(a) Including alloys
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Oxide
Arsenic
Metallic arsenic
Asbestos
Unmanufactured
Barytes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Bromine
94
Poland
Imports continued
Commodity
Units
Cement
Cement clinkers
tonnes
Portland cement
tonnes
Other cement
tonnes
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Coal
Anthracite
tonnes
Other coal
tonnes
Lignite
tonnes
Briquettes
tonnes
Cobalt
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Copper
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Unwrought, unrefined
tonnes
Unwrought, refined
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Diamond
Gem, cut
Carats
Industrial
Carats
Dust
Carats
Diatomite
tonnes
Feldspar
tonnes
Fluorspar
tonnes
Gold
Metal
kilograms
Graphite
tonnes
Gypsum
Crude
tonnes
Calcined
tonnes
Iodine
kilograms
Iron ore
tonnes
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
tonnes
Sponge and powder
tonnes
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-magnesium
tonnes
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-molybdenum
tonnes
Ferro-niobium
tonnes
Ferro-phosphorus
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
tonnes
Ferro-vanadium
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Silicon metal
tonnes
Ingots, blooms, billets
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Lead
Unwrought
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Lithium
Oxides
tonnes
Carbonate
tonnes
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
tonnes
Magnesia
tonnes
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Mercury
kilograms
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
127 428
680 447
29 529
35 106
421 822
21 466
111 677
565 893
26 247
35 663
932 507
25 467
13 558
695 629
21 027
36 646
2 137
12 728
679
15 672
103
30 863
4 533
27 723
78
553 152
9 531 959
18 057
10 960
310 290
10 362 090
30 307
25 788
583 158
13 127 065
35 973
60 548
582 605
14 090 331
67 550
60 758
407 120
9 652 129
134 135
53 873
51
30
53
15
52
18
47
114
52
17
62 443
33 376
6 629
3 012
19 269
78 027
40 030
13 838
2 408
22 153
38 000
33 717
26 944
2 813
24 316
45 484
23 581
11 822
2 939
26 201
41 333
22 766
19 234
4 229
53 828
£4 686 000
237 903
£334 000
9 504
243 798
8 691
£2 509 000
169 851
£196 000
9 790
176 717
8 562
£2 128 000
35 260
£179 000
6 753
243 645
11 013
£3 805 000
16 703
£273 000
9 365
324 426
12 239
£2 532 000
* 8 300
£376 000
7 802
287 882
11 747
3 800
4 474
100
3 078
200
6 933
1 500
10 267
1 800
6 833
170 571
215 458
24 100
(a) 7 784 529
157 974
82 586
10 600
(a) 3 752 010
129 336
53 613
21 700
6 494 457
134 230
47 261
11 600
5 977 338
122 407
39 845
12 900
6 576 287
236 682
8 390
13 713
4 116
31 876
47 964
1 554
231
1 386
20 424
210
418
4 236
11 652
584 305
465 978
126 426
156 970
4 677
6 064
2 366
32 935
71 585
711
244
675
16 132
117
313
3 096
11 839
157 799
596 733
90 183
176 145
7 594
7 785
3 402
30 721
56 882
612
395
917
21 576
194
370
4 355
16 219
119 466
374 076
117 914
228 357
14 597
8 042
2 326
45 192
65 816
547
279
1 253
18 457
259
10
5 856
17 091
370 144
409 454
143 476
200 340
7 336
9 413
1 752
31 083
60 667
470
379
1 183
15 818
291
447
6 658
17 754
575 506
383 472
138 026
35 465
2 467
29 861
2 293
46 810
7 154
52 011
6 673
42 108
4 980
61
162
86
137
86
175
114
177
141
177
216
109 646
2 658
81 304
3 966
113 757
1 375
137 148
1 948
116 632
54 087
716
13 300
1 930
507
10 900
4 345
1 514
4 300
4 509
436
39 900
4 951
764
13 700
95
Poland
Imports continued
Commodity
Mica
Molybdenum
Metal
Oxides
Nickel
Mattes, sinters etc
Unwrought (b)
Oxides
Scrap
Crude petroleum
Phosphate rock
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Potash
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Rare earths
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Salt
Sillimanite minerals
Sillimanite minerals
Mullite
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
Tin
Concentrates
Unwrought (b)
Scrap
Titanium
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Zirconium
Concentrates
Note(s)
(a) Including burnt pyrites
(b) Including alloys
96
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
880
1 134
1 150
2 019
1 504
tonnes
tonnes
843
71
281
80
889
162
1 292
198
72
237
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
...
3 398
44
3 683
20 949 949
1 448 780
1 468
1 353
34
2 122
19 959 321
458 923
1 223
3 350
38
341
22 009 801
1 299 106
7
2 722
28
603
22 870 416
1 434 124
—
3 189
263
325
24 629 744
1 237 885
kilograms
16 900
31 300
5 100
2 700
1 800
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
19 161
815 282
7 143
10 919
194 900
3 470
19 155
757 987
4 442
23 281
769 256
10 317
23 883
779 023
11 544
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
—
148
58
356 929
2
43
16
483 243
5
134
48
886 294
0
101
32
1 052 650
2
68
13
451 619
tonnes
tonnes
16 975
3 728
7 852
1 040
17 956
2 109
13 791
2 817
17 567
2 757
kilograms
95 200
122 900
106 700
78 600
82 800
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
5 768
104 300
105
28 186
813
35 350
978
18 325
1 866
44 939
164
23 331
1 255
53 828
387
26 212
1 480
30 488
6
26 430
tonnes
52
1
3
1
—
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
...
1 857
1 038
220
1 102
1 664
98
1 317
1 605
...
1 579
2 790
...
1 281
3 689
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
91 208
451
41 019
84 396
264
42 031
105 384
616
46 110
99 055
2 020
54 770
84 143
329
44 098
tonnes
103
87
124
96
69
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
150 283
26 811
11 906
6 378
130 258
18 498
8 922
3 907
115 561
53 983
7 610
7 188
97 225
49 569
10 045
10 421
178 780
47 314
11 622
11 060
tonnes
833
340
648
488
670
Portugal
Portugal
Production
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Arsenic
Barytes
Cement
Cement, clinker (a)
Cement, finished (a)
Copper, mine
Feldspar
Gypsum
Crude steel
Kaolin
Lead, mine
Lead, refined
Lithium
Lepidolite
Salt
Rock salt
Sea salt
Silver
Talc
Tin
Tungsten (b)
Zinc, mine
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
10 182 146
58 431 483
* 15
171
9 190 603
56 337 535
* 15
1 078
8 650 274
50 622 585
* 15
15
7 664 172
* 48 473 258
* 15
—
* 7 000 000
* 45 000 000
* 15
—
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes (metal content)
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes (metal content)
tonnes
1 749 406
8 405 420
89 026
230 427
372 731
1 630 000
217 434
—
5 000
1 513 558
6 862 969
86 462
210 266
335 189
1 557 000
274 925
—
4 000
1 948 137
6 665 585
74 011
169 722
336 755
1 504 000
273 890
—
4 000
1 094 218
6 072 751
79 686
187 159
337 272
1 871 000
322 041
—
4 000
* 1 000 000
5 481 454
74 043
167 287
264 427
1 908 000
317 489
87
5 000
tonnes
34 888
37 359
40 109
37 534
20 698
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms (metal content)
tonnes
tonnes (metal content)
tonnes (metal content)
tonnes (metal content)
606 545
69 249
26 273
11 657
29
981
37 900
594 578
72 325
20 483
11 567
34
823
501
618 961
44 574
20 561
11 981
22
799
6 422
631 295
47 267
28 027
15 462
39
818
4 227
520 284
88 693
29 890
15 131
42
763
30 006
Note(s)
(1) Portugal is also believed to produce sulphur
(2) Portugal is a small producer of tantalum bearing tin slags but no detailed information is available
(a) Sales
(b) Wolframite and scheelite
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Coal
Anthracite
Copper
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Diamond
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Diatomite
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
44 174
101 421
67 505
120 946
71 399
tonnes
tonnes
127 150
40 020
90 869
32 481
102 856
51 888
59 056
45 775
40 526
52 782
tonnes
60
119
138
70
277
tonnes
1 608
691
1 175
1 356
1 935
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 448 397
1 102 589
11 139
1 553 992
758 854
15 231
1 888 362
996 778
10 440
916 431
1 345 607
8 111
994 099
2 000 541
40 461
tonnes
9 382
4 409
7 136
7 405
11 385
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
375 755
600
22 184
371 881
2 098
20 213
305 485
1 887
24 491
327 096
9 969
36 151
312 192
8 425
41 285
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
£55 000
...
—
554
£52 000
1 500 000
10 000
473
£550
3 500 000
92 107
7 545
£61 000
1 000 000
788 459
7 299
£136 000
1 500 000
1 000 000
11 538
97
Portugal
Exports continued
Commodity
Feldspar
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Unwrought
Scrap
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
Magnesia
Mercury
Natural gas
Platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Potash
Potassic fertilisers
Salt
Silver
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Talc
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
Tin
Unwrought
Scrap
Titanium
Oxides
Tungsten
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Note(s)
(a) Including alloys
98
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
873
1 290
2 190
3 197
17 482
kilograms
kilograms
...
36 100
—
800
6 600
800
13 100
100
17 000
457 000
tonnes
22 707
12 394
20 016
47 278
56 546
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1
546
164 425
172 133
47 562
51
255
136 284
216 037
51 014
18 502
1 746
172 983
303 013
31 390
21 606
2 392
119 353
239 842
102 721
18 330
793
54 844
236 115
122 029
tonnes
tonnes
4 950
3 105
6 647
2 222
8 785
1 710
8 050
1 855
5 124
1 363
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
0
...
300
890 688
...
10
—
254 997
11
4
200
389 309
1
1
6 700
875
716
528
25 600
58 753
kilograms
...
—
...
15 100
3 200
tonnes
tonnes
240
13 412
402
15 662
612
31 022
895
31 304
3 901
37 302
kilograms
kilograms
13 500
7 876
11 500
580
12 300
3 400
16 300
10 600
15 100
40 600
tonnes
tonnes
7 539
3 841
5 737
2 699
6 164
4 316
9 737
2 526
7 065
2 224
tonnes
48
49
98
81
50
tonnes
tonnes
—
147
250
9
—
43
31
82
4
200
tonnes
1 189
1 166
1 091
3 422
5 322
tonnes
tonnes
1 705
17
1 407
20
1 289
6
1 324
131
1 325
51
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
75 414
1 307
2 910
371
849
1 646
7 438
151
940
2 201
734
755
67 881
1 723
5 736
Portugal
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Alumina
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Oxide
Barytes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Copper
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Diamond
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Diatomite
Feldspar
Fluorspar
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Unwrought
Scrap
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
Magnesia
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
Mercury
Mica
Nickel
Unwrought
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
194 088
175 576
224 514
255 625
242 987
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
9 750
17 732
214 614
2 409
13 742
15 200
149 759
15 819
14 862
20 152
170 057
10 183
8 762
18 744
113 150
5 305
8 863
17 371
96 190
7 409
tonnes
tonnes
161
3 806
146
3 744
240
4 448
184
2 509
239
2 286
tonnes
20 304
12 788
18 205
23 436
26 466
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
196 929
22 862
8 842
24 156
150 065
11 072
24 143
186 170
11 771
3 238
134 000
5 043
6 011
169 109
5 293
tonnes
5 369
2 361
2 108
2 727
2 639
tonnes
tonnes
48 793
3 721 513
28 472
4 922 698
21 454
2 648 704
30 860
3 592 502
42 657
4 999 817
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 204
4 330
10 229
4 027
4 453
7 550
5 534
4 127
8 819
4 725
4 378
7 973
4 688
3 993
5 169
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
£3 949 000
£296 000
5 891 661
1 372
85 400
1 828
£1 756 000
£246 000
5 514 973
1 127
72 275
2 243
£2 039 000
£111 000
10 117 653
2 284
63 675
636
£3 732 000
£122 000
16 401 864
2 340
49 902
794
£2 906 000
£86 000
5 595 000
2 242
61 516
3 005
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
1 535
...
1 493
1 077
...
73
1 500
...
66
1 200
1 405
62
800
121 743
35
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
89 627
298 708
100
81 971
244 809
8 000
73 822
270 783
8 700
40 153
237 788
8 600
28 175
167 437
6 300
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
13 824
740
1 093
1 318
908
10 063
3 479
5 303
187
26 532
1 128 391
114 041
7 507
38 849
245
1 104
762
9 921
3 707
3 516
410
53 089
887 110
73 081
10 623
6 919
810
1 475
856
3 820
2 902
657
753
28 583
672 856
96 851
4 980
37 376
683
470
722
4 836
3 408
2 611
950
33 675
616 063
106 955
1 895
27 383
617
79
683
14 765
3 130
4 500
1 182
33 266
1 165 785
103 863
tonnes
tonnes
12 014
423
6 642
258
5 593
395
9 403
266
8 661
1 113
tonnes
tonnes
1 521
5 863
697
8 538
1 162
4 504
1 379
5 523
1 249
7 130
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
765
7 500
125
13
25 100
139
68
152 900
284
56
125 400
288
168
59
258
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
524
12 050 226
4 188 706
316
10 193 366
3 770 943
312
11 251 958
3 849 819
221
10 152 747
3 543 064
285
11 456 025
3 231 198
99
Portugal
Imports continued
Commodity
Phosphate rock
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Potash
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Rare earths
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Salt
Sillimanite minerals
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Talc
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
Tin
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Titanium
Titanium minerals
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Carbide
Zinc
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Zirconium
Concentrates
100
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
90 667
44 189
93 348
91 703
105 186
kilograms
308
146
796
100
—
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 869
38 200
1 708
1 574
25 525
5 389
3 840
50 687
1 899
4 405
65 352
2 596
10 798
82 364
5 395
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
0
15
7
94 501
646
...
11
2
108 161
573
1
7
5
172 107
466
87
8
18
144 688
641
—
15
3
182 585
2 241
kilograms
22 678
18 602
66 900
38 700
22 200
tonnes
tonnes
2 852
26 774
3 366
18 537
4 861
24 143
3 981
22 388
2 726
11 746
tonnes
83
22
41
44
33
tonnes
tonnes
487
130
308
103
317
100
560
19
435
13
tonnes
tonnes
263
18 800
358
18 456
714
20 486
807
19 813
429
14 788
tonnes
tonnes
251
169
193
46
277
110
206
106
151
79
tonnes
tonnes
19 551
4 617
12 830
4 018
15 757
4 522
13 299
3 967
11 135
4 601
tonnes
8 162
5 620
5 475
4 048
2 386
Romania
Romania
Production
Commodity
Units
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
tonnes
Crushed rock
tonnes
Alumina
tonnes (Al2O3 content)
Primary aluminium
tonnes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
tonnes
Cement
Cement, clinker
tonnes
Cement, finished
tonnes
Coal
Anthracite and bituminous
tonnes
Lignite
tonnes
Brown coal
tonnes
Copper, mine
tonnes (metal content)
Copper, refined
tonnes
Feldspar
tonnes
Gold
kilograms (metal content)
Graphite
tonnes
Gypsum
tonnes
Pig iron
tonnes
Crude steel
tonnes
Ferro-alloys
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Lead, mine
tonnes (metal content)
Lead, refined
tonnes
Manganese ore
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas
million m3
Salt
tonnes
Silver
kilograms (metal content)
Talc
tonnes
Uranium, mine
tonnes (metal content)
Zinc, mine
tonnes (metal content)
Slab zinc
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
31 377 110
4 635 010
344
288 156
23 199 337
4 835 584
44 000
228 630
22 085 231
3 774 309
414 000
241 000
25 319 433
6 189 078
484 000
261 000
21 068 344
5 593 429
414 000
248 000
16 638
13 756
21 637
19 864
19 241
111 719
10 461 456
—
7 897 656
—
6 867 596
33 363
7 646 612
84 853
7 727 046
—
34 529 000
205 000
308
15 300
22 995
500
—
832 248
2 957 715
5 035 164
—
28 460 152
63 458
3 129
4 600
14 317
* 500
24 352
720 713
1 576 679
2 772 679
—
28 774 244
62 448
5 127
—
6 049
* 500
6 633
639 010
1 723 418
3 720 775
2 121 574
33 779 130
46 071
6 355
—
3 814
* 500
—
* 660 000
1 595 000
3 835 000
1 876 062
31 529 377
17 700
5 902
—
4 112
* 500
—
* 600 000
1 580 000
3 780 000
6 179
9 979
3 060
—
39 596
43 590
4 528 000
11 520
2 526 774
* 18 000
1 843
* 77
14
61 978
15 377
—
651
* 3 000
8 687
20 304
4 388 940
11 273
2 072 744
* 18 000
570
* 75
* 3 000
1 000
14 353
20 605
326
* 3 000
11 263
13 120
4 172 411
11 138
2 388 357
* 18 000
296
* 77
* 7 700
—
—
* 30 000
—
* 3 000
6 854
3 180
4 081 979
11 164
2 248 940
* 18 000
131
* 77
* 9 000
—
—
* 30 000
—
* 5 500
* 13 000
8 993
3 992 011
11 095
1 888 516
* 18 000
13
* 90
* 8 400
—
Note(s)
(1) Romania is also believed to produce asbestos, mica, molybdenum and sulphur
101
Romania
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Barytes
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Coal
Hard coal
Copper
Ores and concentrates
Matte and cement
Unwrought
Scrap
Feldspar
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
Iron ore
Iron ore
Burnt pyrites
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Lead
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesia
Manganese
Metal
Nickel
Scrap
Crude petroleum
Salt
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
Sulphur
Tin
Unwrought (b)
Titanium
Metal
Oxides
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (b)
Scrap
Note(s)
(a) Including anthracite
(b) Including alloys
102
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
60 190
160 241
360 161
255 970
438 328
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
526
0
61 638
6 690
16 021
...
161
99
50 496
5 898
20 775
1 812
1 513
25 559
10 312
51 556
17 733
258
2 318
38 406
14 004
70 697
12 801
2 009
5 274
29 070
6 074
83 687
14 200
1 326
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
111 719
7 449
51
182
17 869
155
265
20 039
214
24 810
278 795
16 310
84 874
333 946
16 668
tonnes
(a) 5 331
(a) 19 771
(a) 73 002
35 712
19 701
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
33 391
8 494
153
39 733
16 438
6 711
4 502
601
42 148
8 375
31 582
956
797
49 248
1
39 704
186
308
54 536
283
41 879
379
1 603
51 844
260
tonnes
13 069
17 966
17 672
15 576
15 693
tonnes
tonnes
42 606
15 567
172 372
12 694
1 718
1 359
2 728
1 690
53 998
2 887
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
18 697
161
701
5 793
123
444
197
220 136
1 985 977
18 807
3 543
1 801
8 120
72
727
130
51 644
2 565 443
24 454
14 234
45
19 087
53
24
223
196 302
2 519 237
29 320
10 996
26
34 387
66
0
101
267 543
2 348 565
25 038
8 577
195
4 171
136
—
1 716
199 986
1 908 069
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
17 396
22 752
2 997
15 759
9 049
2 526
9 096
10 573
5 659
5 952
18 722
6 846
11 051
18 859
5 419
tonnes
440
381
460
212
412
tonnes
6 666
—
—
—
102
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 397
...
486 040
1 089
...
372 501
816
78 256
790 530
561
76 061
712 657
66
48 688
635 801
tonnes
tonnes
994
59 030
6 315
49 052
8
55 961
5
58 437
—
54 016
tonnes
51
66
68
128
67
tonnes
tonnes
2 469
150
541
560
960
310
550
498
375
536
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
503
59 395
442
24 528
8 004
1 615
15 375
657
711
17 592
776
597
16 745
454
672
Romania
Imports
Commodity
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Primary aggregates
tonnes
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
tonnes
Alumina
tonnes
Alumina hydrate
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Antimony
Metal
tonnes
Oxide
tonnes
Barytes
tonnes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
tonnes
Bromine
kilograms
Cement
Cement clinkers
tonnes
Portland cement
tonnes
Other cement
tonnes
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Coal
Anthracite
tonnes
Other coal
tonnes
Lignite
tonnes
Briquettes
tonnes
Cobalt
Oxides
tonnes
Copper
Unwrought
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Diatomite
tonnes
Feldspar
tonnes
Fluorspar
tonnes
Graphite
tonnes
Gypsum
Crude
tonnes
Calcined
tonnes
Iodine
kilograms
Iron ore
Iron ore
tonnes
Burnt pyrites
tonnes
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
tonnes
Sponge and powder
tonnes
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-magnesium
tonnes
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-molybdenum
tonnes
Ferro-niobium
tonnes
Ferro-phosphorus
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
tonnes
Ferro-vanadium
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Silicon metal
tonnes
Ingots, blooms, billets
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Lead
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesia
tonnes
351 123
205 133
248 484
370 249
512 538
45 527
487 304
17 822
254
16 162
598
104 404
353 846
7 996
1 023
16 360
3 838
1 277 587
1 928
10 412
2 163
33 711
83 381
1 271 274
15 037
5 768
3 024
24 287
62 768
1 297 303
2 554
2 841
2 751
26 311
66 878
30
153
25 475
36
87
8 351
61
88
8 501
43
120
15 598
9
163
16 874
6 014
9 800
3 859
200
4 825
—
6 341
200
8 463
—
486 462
538 259
32 765
23 613
296 687
15 779
75 812
307 977
22 004
144 547
239 373
21 297
144 116
240 469
18 626
77 546
64
705
39
7 054
16
1 637
105
2 288
50
110 484
3 008 391
121 227
148 890
56 296
937 077
62 469
102 372
72 776
936 727
718
96 428
148 260
840 669
1 706
197
137 388
1 142 615
3 492
197
6
37
41
79
27
22 116
4 197
3 798
49 160
2 526
304
10 926
437
2 477
37 639
1 481
144
2 282
2 443
2 269
36 924
2 911
1 499
2 915
3 218
2 459
45 421
3 817
742
1 899
2 355
1 827
47 688
3 178
601
90 194
100 471
1 395
45 891
62 134
330
40 703
47 912
300
63 658
50 866
500
92 883
43 118
400
5 003 811
17 770
1 597 033
11 572
2 848 921
29 544
2 186 674
35 551
2 023 063
30 178
37 889
3 203
3 423
89
28 773
17 919
212
273
227
13 190
84
125
1 402
3 155
757 551
17 886
48 422
61 027
1 518
984
36
9 063
11 461
177
61
188
4 998
40
57
949
1 104
109 046
4 204
40 326
111 702
2 740
1 500
49
15 530
19 151
274
55
217
9 859
183
153
1 255
3 098
458 742
5 501
51 754
48 365
22 355
2 856
25
18 136
24 215
315
132
154
9 602
412
166
1 495
3 205
771 167
8 416
56 871
58 954
1 777
2 564
104
21 039
19 093
420
177
119
10 392
284
166
635
2 730
328 843
49 468
60 170
27 055
872
5 889
9 245
7 052
11 834
9 420
16 789
463
12 777
13 003
7 427
10 389
13 391
11 402
103
Romania
Imports continued
Commodity
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Mercury
Mica
Molybdenum
Ores and concentrates
Nickel
Unwrought (a)
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Phosphate rock
Potash
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Rare earths
Rare earth compounds
Salt
Silver
Metal (b)
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Tin
Unwrought (a)
Titanium
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Zirconium
Metal
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
16 432
646
2 325
488
16
527
415
441
87 880
220
18 149
785
66 285
588
19 500
1 077
244
415
4 200
810
tonnes
...
...
...
...
1 516
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
338
8 419 364
7 757 273
225 581
288
6 893 956
1 451 767
103 500
456
5 821 640
* 2 000 000
233 377
224
5 451 662
3 283 138
254 061
190
5 127 631
(b)* 2 000 000
229 060
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
5 133
68 877
338
19 592
5 119
374
13 726
56 922
425
6 936
46 842
683
17 559
21 354
1 279
tonnes
tonnes
6
92 815
5
82 569
5
81 441
1
114 500
2
94 288
kilograms
* 9 400
* 8 800
* 27 500
* 8 100
* 15 900
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 072
2 390
180
1 971
1
1 884
1 254
1 105
1
2 561
2 062
2 099
51
2 965
2 074
2 248
12
6 246
1 807
2 593
tonnes
127
114
85
125
91
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
2 171
453
9 127
1 513
707
7 151
2 095
771
8 733
5 393
541
10 571
1 354
776
7 511
tonnes
1 122
22
79
50
63
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
161 527
7 394
55
12
10 523
—
3
16 664
246
—
17 006
439
24
16 883
1 628
tonnes
136
301
35
41
1
Note(s)
(a) Including alloys
(b) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
104
Serbia
Serbia
Production
Commodity
Coal
Bituminous
Lignite (a)
Brown coal
Copper, mine
Copper, smelter
Copper, refined
Feldspar
Gold (c)
Pig iron
Crude steel
Kaolin
Lead, mine
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Platinum metals
Platinum
Palladium
Salt
Silver (d)
Zinc, mine
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes (metal content)
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms (metal content)
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes (metal content)
tonnes
million m3
66 000
(b) 31 332 000
...
17 600
31 900
33 800
* 200
* 712
1 582 000
1 662 000
398 917
1 600
636 383
282
69 000
38 070 579
209 660
19 400
27 000
27 400
149
818
964 607
1 054 336
163 616
1 800
663 005
279
108 000
37 562 840
193 492
22 500
20 000
22 200
253
856
1 158 628
1 254 386
76 197
1 800
865 499
423
134 000
40 467 132
349 861
25 800
28 200
25 300
23 586
1 534
1 197 693
1 304 954
90 472
2 100
1 020 490
616
141 000
37 707 017
316 507
32 205
36 800
34 700
19 927
1 400
318 651
346 000
69 487
2 500
1 124 794
672
kilograms (metal content)
kilograms (metal content)
tonnes
kilograms (metal content)
tonnes (metal content)
—
70
30 115
2 300
2 400
12
38
28 782
4 424
2 700
—
22
30 816
4 384
2 600
—
20
23 334
7 380
3 100
6
4
16 506
8 388
7 500
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
323 034
334 517
127 309
497 637
485 266
tonnes
tonnes
13 213
11 342
7 387
10 972
17 602
13 574
15 353
22 248
10 130
20 752
tonnes
15
62
1
306
...
tonnes
5 066
5 107
4 823
11 903
2 972
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
385 154
138 375
2 560
66 309
76 539
125
...
156 477
33
...
115 432
28
...
138 914
29
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
3 102
4 068
217 029
5 333
3 784
14 530
120 553
630
4 434
3 801
112 009
8 724
2 507
1 116
32 337
573
160
441
28 266
53
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
3 448
41
4 421
7 637
1 452
1 928
4 328
7 920
1 666
2 501
10 921
12 286
2 234
1 649
9 544
9 991
4 276
358
15 612
10 496
kilograms
302
3 278
93
78
141
tonnes
2 230
617
16
40
19
Note(s)
(1) Serbia is also believed to produce sulphur
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Excluding production in Kosovo
Including brown coal
Metal production
Smelter and/or refinery production
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Unwrought
Scrap
Asbestos
Unmanufactured
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Copper
Ores and concentrates
Matte and cement
Unwrought
Scrap
Gold
Metal
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
105
Serbia
Exports continued
Commodity
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
Magnesia
Potash
Potassic fertilisers
Salt
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Scrap
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
81 427
632
345 813
10 251
71 778
46 587
328 763
4 239
70 090
20 547
416 713
1 868
46 629
111 080
357 778
1 282
374 860
187 578
372 846
1 069
tonnes
tonnes
11 763
5 683
9 133
6 695
10 265
5 661
13 981
7 848
13 479
5 777
tonnes
tonnes
412
446
242
319
1 851
328
1 524
5 831
1 852
8 704
tonnes
tonnes
245
4 151
163
3 895
690
16 290
3 672
13 362
3 546
5 073
kilograms
6 937
3 670
4 355
4 222
3 044
tonnes
4 424
1 451
2 335
3 571
2 760
tonnes
tonnes
21 140
63
10 699
330
14 921
120
23 247
67
22 559
907
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
17 616
12 664
15 910
8 759
9 907
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
9 776
3 075
54 765
18 753
5 399
111
4 773
2 668
36 626
12 913
4 411
0
10 972
3 682
54 512
13 600
8 404
421
7 800
2 673
51 717
15 834
6 870
1 494
5 979
3 092
51 578
14 446
7 209
3 468
tonnes
3 370
2 274
1 683
1 804
5 294
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
24 795
62 283
1 124
...
41 744
1 003
1 321
52 582
728
5 309
92 665
784
51 360
194 728
664
tonnes
519
436
641
725
211
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
10 500
326 808
249 563
6 071
10 752
89 731
276 033
2 181
18 056
156 846
307 250
11 130
16 456
183 713
615 026
8 975
13 988
178 984
716 035
18 239
tonnes
tonnes
55 655
22 694
33 808
41 399
...
37 129
3 063
26 995
0
14 679
Carats
tonnes
417 357
15 131
478 650
8 424
550 000
10 139
885 000
11 864
425 000
11 302
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
21
18 733
4 494
2 092 208
13 273
11 684
4 030
1 397 755
14 601
9 276
8 137
1 860 593
22 546
9 962
10 876
(a) 1 624 795
32 566
9 096
2 790
(a) 465 170
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Barytes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Copper
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Diamond
Dust
Feldspar
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron ore
106
Serbia
Imports continued
Commodity
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesia
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Nickel
Unwrought
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Phosphate rock
Potash
Chloride
Salt
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Talc
Tin
Unwrought
Titanium
Oxides
Zinc
Unwrought
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
2 235
5 154
1 167
12 329
78
3 086
491
95 726
49 261
65 704
523
122
1 104
8 571
6
2 089
275
205 528
15 178
32 091
2 739
217
1 272
9 524
440
2 418
324
283 255
12 403
50 421
1 281
187
1 884
9 270
2 431
3 285
357
34 913
35 192
38 810
1 073
89
1 327
2 299
3 727
2 631
219
2 021
90 554
25 922
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
...
2 871
...
...
4 493
0
5 978
6 018
1 228
8 127
5 302
2 643
2 642
9 163
2 087
tonnes
840
585
570
547
623
tonnes
tonnes
12 981
233
16 833
180
17 003
324
14 366
317
4 229
254
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
174
2 585 294
1 548 551
102 441
116
2 280 658
1 046 465
3 974
143
1 869 881
1 346 955
20 394
107
1 497 415
1 362 390
60 024
118
1 091 762
1 289 674
85 674
tonnes
tonnes
109 734
152 207
10 710
144 711
71 906
204 395
53 113
274 636
69 712
246 280
tonnes
tonnes
338
1 733
621
1 236
674
1 616
721
1 270
635
1 432
tonnes
83
49
60
72
148
tonnes
4 548
3 892
3 888
4 498
3 960
tonnes
8 209
4 178
4 846
5 275
5 344
Note(s)
(a) Including burnt pyrites
107
Slovakia
Slovakia
Production
Commodity
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
7 517 655
16 345 800
162 995
200
20 000
6 919 826
15 233 400
149 604
—
30 000
6 931 873
14 909 400
163 000
—
17 000
6 020 641
9 855 157
162 840
—
13 000
3 794 873
8 064 817
160 662
—
21 000
145 000
109 000
153 000
213 000
177 000
...
4 157 356
1 822 820
3 011 460
1 607 025
2 887 749
1 823 306
3 219 557
1 490 768
2 915 166
2 075 000
87 000
10 000
198
152 000
392 000
3 529 000
4 489 000
2 221 000
155 000
13 000
346
131 000
—
3 019 000
3 747 000
2 026 000
176 000
—
534
87 000
—
3 649 000
4 580 000
1 989 000
124 000
—
398
88 000
—
3 346 000
4 242 000
1 964 000
136 000
—
546
88 000
—
3 519 755
4 403 447
59 940
10 844
61 194
44 000
806 500
25 000
21 000
111
109 510
198
—
32 000
4 600
22 250
10 000
477 600
25 000
19 000
114
41 000
201
—
34 960
26 419
38 860
—
650 100
23 000
16 000
106
—
320
7 000
25 036
32 304
18 575
4 000
751 700
23 000
18 000
106
—
330
7 000
50 089
32 726
12 862
3 000
618 400
24 000
14 000
106
—
441
2 000
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
* 1 388 000
* 768 000
* 598 000
* 615 008
* 525 000
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
44 845
129 771
10 109
685
77 013
110 484
9 441
6 309
44 989
111 769
10 260
641
40 011
118 485
14 044
230
576
80 141
18 207
197
tonnes
79 936
65 429
32 981
85 760
98 257
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
53 871
1 622 292
144 311
127 016
1 344 258
217 328
69 366
1 396 241
21 660
44 607
1 795 235
10
—
1 407 502
28
tonnes
1 299
424
777
83
2
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
tonnes
Crushed rock
tonnes
Primary aluminium
tonnes
Asbestos
tonnes
Barytes
tonnes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
tonnes
Cement
Cement, clinker
tonnes
Cement, finished
tonnes
Coal
Brown coal
tonnes
Lignite
tonnes
Feldspar
tonnes
Gold
kilograms (metal content)
Gypsum (a)
tonnes
Iron ore
tonnes
Pig iron
tonnes
Crude steel
tonnes
Ferro-alloys
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Magnesite
tonnes
Perlite
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas
million m3
Salt
tonnes
Silver
kilograms (metal content)
Talc
tonnes
Note(s)
(1) Slovakia is also believed to produce sulphur
(a) Including anhydrite
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Barytes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Metal
108
Slovakia
Exports continued
Commodity
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Copper
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Scrap
Diamond
Gem, cut
Dust
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Iron ore
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite (a)
Magnesia
Nickel
Unwrought
Scrap
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Salt
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Tin
Unwrought
Titanium
Metal
Zinc
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
5 515
366 200
59 568
...
2 927
105 417
7 477
609
725
5 128
55
108
6 198
2 552
908
65
9 373
10
53
6 486
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
28 392
6 749
21 144
26 251
3 721
15 114
7 431
27 576
15 550
11 508
32 017
19 522
40 404
3 376
23 250
Carats
Carats
...
...
...
100
7 000 000
6 250 000
3 000 000
2 934 017
500 000
...
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
2 914
800
53 434
3 196
1 200
5 923
2 926
7 300
62 568
20 000
6 800
22 481
3 300
4 800
118 695
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
20 676
10 830
48 747
55 873
222
21 352
4 384
241 811
525 777
593
29 779
4 029
19 204
37 792
119
15 823
1 129
255 917
318 290
1 425
70 588
10 029
14 032
35 764
78
19 656
3 390
631 135
556 952
4 493
26 976
11 189
10 229
28 660
2 416
31 004
3 226
221 697
651 135
552
29 527
12 893
4 308
44 202
172
26 389
4 940
413 032
430 539
42
tonnes
tonnes
* 9 300
409 295
* 7 400
261 876
* 8 400
336 786
* 4 900
340 612
* 3 800
272 677
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
259
1 061
18 159
112 328
201
140
14 932
334 205
68
295
13 048
1 153 269
84
1 368
15 359
1 439 467
—
217
11 515
1 366 942
kilograms
tonnes
45 800
62 133
1 700
4 606
5 800
45 056
84 100
27 935
29 400
20 917
kilograms
6 061
2 700
39 100
15 100
31 500
tonnes
tonnes
71 373
1 994
72 613
45
72 910
47
82 785
38
74 817
25
tonnes
107
(a) 9
(a) 8
11
688
tonnes
76
3
49
24
199
tonnes
tonnes
14 600
10 412
12 871
11 365
7 903
13 075
2 836
7 001
3 421
10 336
Note(s)
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
109
Slovakia
Imports
Commodity
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Primary aggregates
tonnes
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
tonnes
Alumina
tonnes
Unwrought (a)
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Asbestos
Unmanufactured
tonnes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
tonnes
Cement
Cement clinkers
tonnes
Portland cement
tonnes
Other cement
tonnes
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Coal
Anthracite
tonnes
Other coal
tonnes
Lignite
tonnes
Briquettes
tonnes
Cobalt
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Copper
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Matte and cement
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Diamond
Gem, cut
Carats
Industrial
Carats
Dust
Carats
Diatomite
tonnes
Feldspar
tonnes
Fluorspar
tonnes
Gold
Metal
kilograms
Graphite
tonnes
Gypsum
Crude
tonnes
Calcined
tonnes
Iron ore
tonnes
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
tonnes
Sponge and powder
tonnes
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-molybdenum
tonnes
Ferro-niobium
tonnes
Ferro-phosphorus
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
tonnes
Ferro-vanadium
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Silicon metal
tonnes
Ingots, blooms, billets
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
tonnes
Magnesia
tonnes
755 496
692 609
666 380
527 259
419 992
5 778
311 891
41 681
4 638
5 443
288 753
27 853
1 760
4 233
270 786
42 273
2 098
6 136
232 187
44 357
3 181
6 087
183 051
39 235
3 667
...
...
0
64
76
8 987
5 890
6 416
26 935
25 923
94 510
172 555
93 031
13 076
284 457
56 060
6 380
256 358
34 733
9 706
281 910
102 134
5 840
266 308
71 001
11 969
104
2 533
52
4 546
34
5 542
8
3 562
42
258 597
4 253 530
983 151
6 733
264 286
3 828 520
693 786
7 877
293 054
3 078 570
563 021
12 799
713 105
3 110 255
534 118
14 836
635 877
32 401 325
624 731
16 545
1 020
0
19
5 327
7
137
7
97
18
147
—
...
4 120
17 350
2 113
3 300
4 685
29 141
462
799
6 153
40 347
1
10
7 531
30 687
—
—
8 665
37 623
£2 924 000
10 817
...
577
24 788
1 143
£1 993 000
* 2 600
59 781
901
16 352
644
£2 530 000
55 000
18 560 000
784
5 886
954
£2 720 000
1 037 208
129 250
415
5 590
762
£6 610 000
* 10 000
* 193 000
461
5 518
896
74 800
2 981
208 400
962
220 470
1 899
189 400
1 688
523 800
1 847
111 188
47 044
4 802 516
53 104
52 703
4 499 385
74 512
16 732
5 796 813
80 966
17 194
5 103 229
70 308
17 335
5 404 215
70 034
* 143 700
7 539
19 503
2 776
245
897
1 033
23 747
367
217
3 546
6 391
18 953
217 558
95 911
19 468
4 090
2 635
16 912
2 720
171
154
590
14 970
315
7
664
4 460
54 781
164 985
58 509
33 258
13 227
6 829
13 202
1 776
140
315
282
15 250
535
62
1 627
6 309
10 020
224 868
62 748
43 874
7 294
6 684
16 391
4 904
374
426
629
12 660
435
123
981
7 196
24 162
146 065
70 451
38 466
6 124
8 014
17 286
3 902
252
549
463
9 171
281
144
201
6 329
7 314
342 657
64 345
3 401
40 675
2 906
12 731
3 916
28 639
4 960
27 100
(b)* 2 000
23 363
110
Slovakia
Imports continued
Commodity
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Mercury
Molybdenum
Metal
Nickel
Scrap
Unwrought (a)
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Phosphate rock
Platinum metals
Platinum
Palladium
Potash
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Rare earths
Rare earth compounds
Salt
Sillimanite minerals
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Tin
Unwrought (a)
Titanium
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Zinc
Unwrought (a)
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
211 653
350
5 200
74 712
395
4 500
146 434
442
4 700
130 519
659
27 700
144 936
228
10 000
tonnes
24
106
1
2
2
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
11
190
5 778 688
4 640 012
251
—
120
5 787 725
4 820 301
258
52
112
5 555 541
5 765 254
1 688
312
617
5 988 119
5 747 975
1 662
35
103
5 345 149
5 577 333
1 299
kilograms
kilograms
1 573 351
58
1 533 869
1 191
1 625 761
2 702
2 662 700
4 400
2 339 500
4 800
tonnes
tonnes
29 496
2 366
4 597
689
22 561
2 913
24 631
2 260
23 613
3 204
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
5
189 268
1 919
8
168 211
1 812
8
266 329
2 456
10
244 787
2 917
7
226 571
844
kilograms
8 200
9 000
55 300
* 47 000
268 700
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
4 553
1 518
2 448
2 462
1 046
1 030
3 855
864
719
3 173
1 510
380
3 115
735
470
tonnes
2 276
2 059
2 087
2 120
2 091
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
...
329
2 389
0
130
2 949
0
956
2 109
1
2 271
2 409
2
643
2 163
tonnes
55
43
366
5 398
5 331
tonnes
41 003
28 863
37 266
34 536
27 313
Note(s)
(a) Including alloys
(b) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
111
Slovenia
Slovenia
Production
Commodity
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
4 506 076
14 982 560
83 300
3 001 291
13 609 728
35 148
2 422 771
12 072 532
40 177
1 899 770
9 626 791
75 300
1 707 455
7 557 431
74 400
tonnes
160
104
135
168
98
tonnes
* 1 300 000
* 1 000 000
* 1 000 000
* 1 000 000
* 1 000 000
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
million m3
tonnes
488 828
4 008 440
642 000
15 000
174
3
535
510 769
3 921 746
430 000
14 000
138
3
2 924
419 466
4 010 930
606 000
14 000
233
7
59
435 800
4 066 278
648 000
15 000
263
2
4 291
354 262
3 967 064
632 000
12 000
279
1
5 684
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Primary aggregates
tonnes
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
tonnes
Alumina
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Cement
Cement clinkers
tonnes
Portland cement
tonnes
Other cement
tonnes
Chromium
Metal
tonnes
Coal
Lignite
tonnes
Cobalt
Metal
tonnes
Copper
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Gold
Metal
kilograms
Waste and scrap
kilograms
Graphite
tonnes
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
tonnes
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
tonnes
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Silicon metal
tonnes
Ingots, blooms, billets
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Lead
Unwrought
tonnes
402 033
451 012
488 256
426 686
406 872
450
258 238
88 038
26 863
2 537
242 215
61 800
23 382
6 665
239 729
78 619
33 972
5 738
161 747
95 251
39 961
1 576
203 376
94 531
52 712
1
77 656
227 400
—
96 736
97 258
42 475
168 056
4 731
140 361
200 615
988
175 807
172 090
308
111
14
123
174
1
377
4 615
...
—
19
24
50
65
33
71
244
...
15 606
1 376
...
17 991
7 042
...
29 276
5 847
...
22 126
1 094
533
33 239
3 000
—
13
129
200
15
168
5 450
14
523
12 200
661
931
14 800
252
8 575
6 575
205
220
303
24 639
3 419
1 090
1 243
20 826
521
6 243
1 149
21 006
199 016
4 412
3 648
1 056
1 938
6 628
50
3 297
3 049
12 296
284 958
10 507
5 320
1 769
5 959
7 280
124
4 214
5 568
17 320
343 716
21 823
4 757
1 317
4 268
13 397
123
4 554
4 753
39 269
409 401
19 227
12 373
3 076
3 281
9 241
53
5 193
764
33 034
417 264
6 960
6 891
8 090
6 008
5 391
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Primary aluminium
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Cement
Cement, finished
Coal
Brown coal
Lignite
Crude steel
Lead, refined
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Salt
Exports
Commodity
112
Slovenia
Exports continued
Commodity
Lithium
Carbonate
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
Magnesia
Nickel
Unwrought (a)
Natural gas
Phosphate rock
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Salt
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Titanium
Metal
Oxides
Zinc
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
122
128
88
91
98
tonnes
tonnes
427
421
59
344
4 798
334
78
259
22
9 577
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
268
24 368
164 848
117
3
56 973
1 544
—
153 182
520
—
164 440
692
—
172 405
kilograms
tonnes
110
20 590
400
15 671
—
21 711
...
33 998
13 300
30 498
kilograms
8 800
1 600
3 100
3 600
3 800
tonnes
9 795
3 764
1 016
145
190
tonnes
tonnes
40
55 110
23
57 866
171
61 637
346
53 015
356
47 488
tonnes
tonnes
1 937
975
1 469
517
2 725
933
918
832
367
1 104
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
1 424 240
1 165 083
771 814
486 627
461 601
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
40 006
438 579
27 121
67 405
50 389
51 319
13 966
302 520
20 629
62 162
34 530
37 677
41 846
328 453
27 252
87 848
65 950
51 159
42 555
322 872
26 173
65 523
71 318
52 860
22 700
381 845
15 753
66 209
66 410
60 468
tonnes
71
50
36
150
25
tonnes
tonnes
—
596
3
530
*—
457
11
609
11
881
tonnes
3 976
4 421
4 191
4 790
5 905
tonnes
60
24
49
63
57
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
5 783
326 096
4 618
60
297 617
17 414
129
328 563
17 328
95 704
334 053
8 237
168 235
210 734
4 077
tonnes
tonnes
999
313
1 005
143
1 912
104
966
97
466
101
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
8 364
66 144
833 308
3 997
29 146
507 013
7 898
18 975
544 523
15 300
15 329
515 659
8 745
14 920
599 679
tonnes
93
149
141
110
92
tonnes
tonnes
2 649
9 687
2 826
11 452
8 369
22 407
7 062
12 350
1 287
10 222
Note(s)
(a) Including alloys
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Arsenic
Metallic arsenic
Barytes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Cobalt
Metal
Copper
Unwrought
Scrap
113
Slovenia
Imports continued
Commodity
Units
Diamond
Dust
Carats
Diatomite
tonnes
Feldspar
tonnes
Fluorspar
tonnes
Gold
Metal
kilograms
Waste and scrap
kilograms
Graphite
tonnes
Gypsum
Crude
tonnes
Calcined
tonnes
Iodine
kilograms
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
tonnes
Sponge and powder
tonnes
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-magnesium
tonnes
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-molybdenum
tonnes
Ferro-phosphorus
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
tonnes
Ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten tonnes
Ferro-vanadium
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Silicon metal
tonnes
Ingots, blooms, billets
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Lead
Unwrought
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Lithium
Oxides
tonnes
Magnesite and magnesia
tonnes
Manganese
Metal
tonnes
Molybdenum
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Nickel
Unwrought (a)
tonnes
Natural gas
tonnes
Phosphate rock
tonnes
Potash
Potassic fertilisers
tonnes
Rare earths
Metals
tonnes
Rare earth compounds
tonnes
Salt
tonnes
Sillimanite minerals
tonnes
Silver
Metal
kilograms
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
tonnes
Sulphur
tonnes
Talc
tonnes
Tin
Unwrought (a)
tonnes
Titanium
Titanium minerals
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Titanium slag
tonnes
114
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
1 395 416
644
6 576
1 326
723 391
550
8 899
1 064
1 656 306
718
14 954
1 754
1 423 460
623
13 168
1 463
990 000
397
6 012
1 481
1 700
9
141
400
1 210
89
1 100
5 400
295
1 700
5 600
844
1 100
1 800
440
24 660
8 622
119
5 565
9 432
631
942
7 615
45
785
6 218
35
37
6 095
111
68 153
1 311
25 665
1 354
5 663
3 373
540
483
24 651
434
108
454
2 624
6 536
12 930
367 968
25 682
24 031
1 053
15 951
286
4 157
3 467
410
522
11 335
108
14
230
1 421
4 929
1 568
281 950
20 776
29 120
1 225
26 575
624
6 175
8 810
717
846
13 114
230
99
481
1 795
7 874
8 191
495 432
27 287
25 327
1 630
36 528
786
5 763
7 697
885
968
15 739
232
136
449
1 687
8 318
31 931
561 713
28 779
30 517
794
36 673
1 485
6 318
7 477
1 028
1 115
15 371
228
65
413
1 714
5 862
20 897
552 363
22 614
14 103
1 556
13 036
1 985
16 025
3 812
17 594
3 611
17 294
3 741
186
8 272
139
4 346
95
7 279
125
64 675
190
109 365
438
264
433
420
483
690
292
561
523
473
2 686
750 581
164 872
2 020
748 930
56 969
2 967
828 674
153 160
3 230
736 641
164 442
4 304
662 178
172 406
2 166
766
1 919
2 076
1 447
88
3
190 017
511
55
2
239 191
236
98
3
317 999
363
26
3
235 663
921
55
9
142 926
1 901
45 000
17 800
24 100
29 700
25 100
683
56 381
12 860
353
53 615
13 756
645
57 411
10 793
836
56 490
4 489
921
51 225
4 413
87
69
118
70
62
34 930
257
3 296
65 180
32 789
233
2 889
66 818
25 081
400
2 917
...
54 387
964
2 884
39 644
20 208
739
2 625
57 097
Slovenia
Imports continued
Commodity
Diamond
Zinc
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Zirconium
Concentrates
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
14 881
8 938
16 766
6 180
15 314
5 850
14 495
7 374
12 916
6 623
tonnes
548
227
330
273
176
Note(s)
(a) Including alloys
115
Spain
Spain
Production
Commodity
Units
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
tonnes
Crushed rock
tonnes
Alumina
tonnes (Al2O3 content)
Primary aluminium
tonnes
Barytes
tonnes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
tonnes
Attapulgite
tonnes
Sepiolite
tonnes
Cement
Cement, clinker
tonnes
Cement, finished
tonnes
Coal
Anthracite
tonnes
Bituminous
tonnes
Sub-bituminous
tonnes
Copper, mine
tonnes (metal content)
Copper, smelter
tonnes
Copper, refined
tonnes
Diatomite (a)
tonnes
Feldspar
tonnes
Fluorspar
tonnes
Gold
kilograms (metal content)
Gypsum
tonnes
Pig iron
tonnes
Crude steel
tonnes
Ferro-alloys
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Silicon metal
tonnes
Kaolin (b)
tonnes
Lead, mine
tonnes (metal content)
Lead, refined
tonnes
Lithium
Lepidolite
tonnes
Magnesite
tonnes
Mica (c)
tonnes
Nickel, mined
tonnes (metal content)
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas
million m3
Potash
Chloride
tonnes (K2O content)
Salt
Rock salt
tonnes
Sea salt
tonnes
Other salt
tonnes
Silver
kilograms (metal content)
Strontium Minerals
tonnes
Sulphur and pyrites
Recovered (d)
tonnes (sulphur content)
Recovered (e)
tonnes (sulphur content)
Talc
Pyrophyllite
tonnes
Talc
tonnes
Tin
tonnes (metal content)
Tungsten
tonnes (metal content)
116
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
118 000 000
214 000 000
1 300 000
405 800
11 100
96 000 000
160 000 000
* 1 300 000
334 600
5 212
72 000 000
170 000 000
* 1 300 000
335 000
2 050
59 000 000
144 000 000
* 1 300 000
365 000
—
* 40 000 000
* 94 000 000
* 1 100 000
* 320 000
—
154 534
27 348
737 659
147 090
21 110
573 937
157 001
27 841
557 862
110 371
26 021
566 270
135 445
23 537
748 863
27 304 551
42 088 110
21 594 604
29 504 574
21 234 637
26 217 200
17 000 000
22 000 000
* 15 000 000
* 20 000 000
3 152 550
4 085 652
2 890 230
7 071
259 897
319 050
46 192
690 256
148 736
—
11 955 753
3 784 000
18 640 000
4 306 033
2 898 340
2 493 577
17 663
264 971
329 356
29 194
597 496
122 533
—
8 181 315
2 920 000
14 358 000
3 212 603
2 776 918
2 428 877
54 335
259 119
347 518
64 346
691 894
132 341
—
6 990 249
3 572 000
16 343 000
2 489 797
1 774 992
2 358 930
68 511
260 730
353 790
83 624
662 418
117 063
290
7 825 747
3 540 000
15 504 000
2 259 236
1 651 496
2 275 409
97 636
295 200
406 600
60 777
530 238
113 570
1 333
* 6 600 000
3 081 000
13 639 000
* 161 000
* 158 000
* 74 000
* 33 000
355 739
—
145 000
* 60 100
* 59 200
* 44 000
* 23 000
270 298
1 000
138 000
* 134 000
* 132 000
* 64 400
* 32 500
310 993
229
165 000
* 108 000
* 164 000
* 57 000
* 43 000
384 179
5 705
177 000
* 108 000
* 165 000
* 57 000
45 000
331 707
6 800
160 000
9 342
442 339
4 254
8 136
127 542
46
4 270
390 311
3 655
8 029
106 817
19
7 824
462 959
4 034
6 296
121 528
58
—
577 725
3 775
—
99 925
58
—
649 977
3 515
2 398
143 526
65
472 952
481 455
418 778
436 026
421 652
2 909 907
1 290 672
102 149
—
138 590
2 763 081
1 338 789
99 853
2 200
57 466
3 115 940
1 242 718
92 644
20 800
83 035
3 096 383
1 314 529
92 850
29 900
97 102
2 785 959
1 155 475
100 643
32 603
84 818
551 000
* 100 000
533 000
* 100 000
547 000
* 100 000
490 000
* 100 000
* 450 000
* 100 000
—
59 299
—
194
—
47 218
—
284
—
51 897
—
303
5 600
11 957
9
425
* 5 000
8 857
69
496
Spain
Production continued
Commodity
Wollastonite
Zinc, mine
Slab zinc
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes (metal content)
tonnes
10 100
—
466 000
7 000
5 900
515 000
6 000
17 323
517 100
7 417
33 197
527 100
10 918
28 634
528 300
Note(s)
(1) Spain is also believed to produce arsenic
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Including Tripoli
Washed
Including mica recovered from mica schists and/or kaolin beneficiation
From metal sulphide processing
From petroleum refining and/or natural gas
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Oxide
Barytes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Sepiolite
Bismuth
Metal
Bromine
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Briquettes
Cobalt
Metal
Copper
Ores and concentrates
Matte and cement
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Diamond
Unsorted
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Diatomite
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
1 478 362
1 060 445
1 153 923
1 306 103
1 026 358
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
5 623
671 009
236 855
39 359
123 577
109 493
4 951
612 933
163 303
19 816
230 539
46 307
3 628
299 703
126 398
26 693
148 884
66 976
2 038
391 516
186 543
19 248
175 112
51 518
1 676
426 925
282 062
29 433
181 026
90 881
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
143
1 023
33 676
62
894
29 776
19
1 716
32 427
50
1 784
34 285
247
1 204
34 402
tonnes
tonnes
75 287
460 485
1 021 034
418 644
66 118
...
54 449
...
54 147
...
tonnes
kilograms
19
2 000
14
2 578
9
15 627
9
86 311
4
10 480
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
907 694
1 474 428
63 825
1 181 783
1 411 588
74 007
1 545 705
2 768 457
87 864
1 590 245
2 577 325
184 099
3 487 481
3 033 778
117 093
tonnes
tonnes
1 073
1 165
1 022
516
600
665
1 252
237
4 225
555
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
186 293
1 636 071
21 735
123 114
1 252 923
193
337 930
1 149 991
599
337 833
851 716
250
240 630
162 047
76
tonnes
8
17
4
25
72
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
463
...
41 676
85 899
12 139
83 820
110 724
—
38 761
108 716
12 150
100 498
221 429
...
33 973
151 204
15 881
102 236
583 874
17 649
37 314
86 800
15 809
87 122
529 494
9 409
43 168
145 142
17 571
159 419
Carats
Carats
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
£503 000
...
£6 631 000
£498 000
400 810
5 306
£266 000
...
£5 328 000
£171 000
182 628
4 678
£292 000
...
£7 350 000
£210 000
689 563
7 382
£154 000
...
£9 802 000
£590 000
8 454 551
6 637
£490 000
£130 000
£9 021 000
£42 000
21 675 000
10 384
117
Spain
Exports continued
Commodity
Feldspar
Fluorspar
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron ore (a)
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Lithium
Carbonate
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
Magnesia
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Mercury
Mica
Unmanufactured
Ground
Molybdenum
Metal
Nickel
Ores and concentrates
Scrap
Unwrought (b)
Crude petroleum (c)
Natural gas
Phosphate rock
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Potash
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Rare earths
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Salt
Silver
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
118
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
79 120
13 109
56 161
35 366
69 337
1 680
71 959
3 312
63 369
5 519
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
6 966
1 147
10 499
31 466
131 376
8 160
282 816
258 156
5 369
9 444 195
176 652
6 142
4 268 966
113 264
5 184
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
3 458 773
228 060
46 873
62 147
2 187 816
182 982
15 376
17 348
2 678 208
165 424
14 704
9 079
3 367 083
156 461
7 909
165 589
3 780 980
135 415
43 289
184 056
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
9 747
4 763
4 768
65 330
34 307
45
9 562
393
16 008
310 671
214 913
155 563
4 772
2 566
367
29 403
25 859
242
5 939
208
5 571
261 758
302 465
156 915
2 998
2 658
1 025
52 296
58 097
359
12 854
2 191
18 463
337 566
277 401
167 811
7 023
3 233
1 181
37 866
65 469
7
12 952
2 326
21 864
194 482
431 394
161 156
11 831
3 000
1 359
42 486
66 101
55
20 235
1 901
20 690
134 781
737 203
173 061
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 015
14 771
6 616
14 147
13 434
3 862
9 513
6 630
6 781
24 608
15 683
5 029
50 216
37 882
3 361
tonnes
128
228
175
268
100
tonnes
tonnes
725
175 307
2 167
156 027
410
224 590
573
259 493
1 051
257 527
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
518
4 562
639 203
21 456
3 386
376 885
707
1 297
964 922
623
1 735
824 421
621
4 665
950 824
tonnes
tonnes
1 259
1 368
563
1 521
1 339
2 269
1 823
2 193
1 826
1 993
tonnes
18
68
243
14
69
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
127 812
226
600
* 24 000
—
4 754
102 105
875
573
* 400
61 433
1 565
93 536
366
738
* 164 000
200 027
1 888
26 597
376
400
* 300
555 012
10 985
20 632
454
430
* 240 000
1 325 072
620
kilograms
kilograms
3 104
88 069
1 672
225 411
2 347
291 877
1 255
163 420
21 889
68 805
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 251
360 538
1 895
2 540
319 549
1 352
6 474
609 607
2 365
3 713
688 599
2 385
4 873
733 789
3 020
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
50
8
17
646 288
—
13
5
862 994
97
51
34
1 318 019
51
62
32
1 311 651
1
8
9
807 581
kilograms
kilograms
—
379 675
30
233 084
377
417 381
9 847
383 412
30 748
626 782
tonnes
tonnes
116 213
338
198 585
523
138 168
612
361 188
289
438 368
264
Spain
Exports continued
Commodity
Talc
Tin
Unwrought (b)
Scrap
Titanium
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Vanadium
Pentoxide
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Zirconium
Concentrates
Metal
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
51 180
29 580
11 206
28 980
9 771
tonnes
tonnes
433
447
427
2 038
513
376
449
4 543
558
2 436
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
155
947
58 342
25 892
1 018
33 721
2 405
1 928
35 233
650
1 698
48 870
4 011
1 779
51 919
tonnes
tonnes
286
223
457
156
400
315
981
880
1 074
453
tonnes
4
26
22
774
26
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
121 688
191 897
92 781
6 210
40 118
216 633
62 544
26 675
82 009
318 527
91 054
37 362
122 429
351 354
35 318
15 625
133 939
359 605
38 229
8 283
tonnes
tonnes
14 151
525
13 581
746
28 166
51
29 952
3
14 360
64
Note(s)
(a) Including burnt pyrites
(b) Including alloys
(c) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxide
Arsenic
Metallic arsenic
Barytes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Bromine
Cadmium
Metal
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
1 035 555
889 156
982 128
677 289
618 871
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
3 618 306
50 417
41 614
82 512
281 270
110 745
3 509 294
22 239
30 522
95 461
162 026
63 517
3 325 099
31 527
29 317
119 589
229 036
111 942
3 080 295
61 184
22 917
110 612
219 925
125 190
3 693 740
28 910
16 162
107 320
207 511
155 371
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
154
1 987
899
55
1 478
493
103
2 642
516
29
2 450
494
10
1 553
720
tonnes
tonnes
192
71 025
48
30 503
96
106 611
93
70 896
143
49 674
tonnes
103 602
72 993
108 066
146 344
114 421
tonnes
kilograms
212
169 159
52
75 099
141
222 746
99
250 417
103
188 015
tonnes
21
118
153
38
37
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
5 496 563
1 729 088
58 007
2 079 944
694 757
73 362
1 342 279
637 322
14 516
490 164
450 416
15 894
80 228
363 065
17 347
tonnes
tonnes
6 721
1 219
4 031
1 192
5 579
1 878
9 262
2 350
10 487
1 479
tonnes
tonnes
957 293
20 010 533
767 027
15 967 793
846 015
10 983 379
852 813
15 315 861
594 330
21 819 298
119
Spain
Imports continued
Commodity
Units
Cobalt
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Copper
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Matte and cement
tonnes
Unwrought, unrefined
tonnes
Unwrought, refined
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Diamond
Unsorted
Carats
Gem, rough
Carats
Gem, cut
Carats
Industrial
Carats
Dust
Carats
Diatomite
tonnes
Feldspar
tonnes
Fluorspar
tonnes
Gold
Metal
kilograms
Waste and scrap
kilograms
Graphite
tonnes
Gypsum
Crude
tonnes
Calcined
tonnes
Iodine
kilograms
Iron ore
tonnes
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
tonnes
Sponge and powder
tonnes
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-magnesium
tonnes
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-molybdenum
tonnes
Ferro-nickel
tonnes
Ferro-niobium
tonnes
Ferro-phosphorus
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
tonnes
Ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten tonnes
Ferro-vanadium
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Silicon metal
tonnes
Ingots, blooms, billets
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Lead
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Lithium
Oxides
tonnes
Carbonate
tonnes
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
tonnes
Magnesia
tonnes
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Mercury
kilograms
Mica
tonnes
Molybdenum
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
120
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
131
1 038
135
1 035
144
1 543
159
1 837
233
1 941
1 122 093
...
3 733
79 125
4 352
65 765
1 184 321
21
3 133
80 898
3 473
68 166
1 229 148
992
518
73 904
3 947
82 931
1 482 354
17 530
12 747
62 695
6 719
89 499
1 517 856
9 417
685
44 567
4 109
97 129
£1 959 000
£181 000
£40 012 000
£1 485 000
42 938 192
8 861
1 410 760
32 016
£1 591 000
£207 000
£30 290 000
£917 000
30 861 760
9 600
664 830
17 148
£1 814 000
£312 000
£26 488 000
£275 000
27 500 320
8 191
856 406
12 008
£3 864 000
£276 000
£25 312 000
£605 000
27 699 364
7 989
993 378
14 198
£2 441 000
£487 000
£24 197 000
£774 000
* 19 429 000
7 368
926 809
16 542
* 72 000
252
24 284
68 562
109
15 669
44 542
2 780
34 268
46 695
29 069
10 765
24 180
33 912
5 579
43 171
33 825
541 706
(a) 6 479 890
25 963
7 349
512 821
(a) 4 237 845
20 776
6 015
342 914
(a) 5 874 304
13 185
5 787
522 768
(a) 5 143 562
11 943
5 548
357 482
4 505 772
688 421
621 627
203 518
4 210
2 328
17 126
74 962
3 777
68 355
685
1 488
46 445
1 006
168
1 122
7 561
8 856
1 587 605
7 408 237
1 470 440
380 731
295 665
113 275
312
865
13 357
50 683
3 756
43 936
553
193
27 140
611
125
809
4 954
9 523
1 007 820
4 674 099
757 859
442 656
636 496
164 125
1 854
1 567
19 930
39 895
6 446
47 389
983
1 425
27 581
1 203
55
1 088
6 138
8 446
1 269 577
5 708 900
1 061 732
315 904
640 549
152 254
5 448
2 139
15 256
36 803
6 943
43 284
1 334
1 816
29 894
1 120
60
1 094
8 566
11 801
1 061 766
4 764 338
1 055 122
274 202
487 073
180 740
4 037
2 696
23 224
39 584
10 662
45 528
1 000
1 282
28 149
957
1 079
964
7 401
12 573
1 025 012
4 348 807
856 355
7 107
116 492
35 506
3 199
121 522
35 703
10 946
110 217
43 432
6 722
114 380
42 236
4 651
122 913
34 702
501
3 908
521
2 825
1 007
3 239
698
3 423
763
2 638
2 839
143 849
10 029
42 980
3 926
94 840
6 164
97 566
2 695
82 320
640 677
10 033
337 117
952
54 606
3 994
467 614
1 467
407 450
7 510
335 852
1 183
508 794
10 951
54 748
1 534
413 613
6 470
54 994
1 017
3 787
189
1 724
236
2 585
239
3 572
83
3 041
78
Spain
Imports continued
Commodity
Units
Nickel
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas
tonnes
Phosphate rock
tonnes
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals (b)
kilograms
Waste and scrap
kilograms
Potash
Sulphate
tonnes
Chloride
tonnes
Other potassic fertilisers
tonnes
Rare earths
Metals
tonnes
Cerium compounds
tonnes
Other rare earth compounds
tonnes
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys tonnes
Salt
tonnes
Sillimanite minerals
Sillimanite minerals
tonnes
Mullite
tonnes
Silver
Ores and concentrates
kilograms
Metal
kilograms
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
tonnes
Sulphur
tonnes
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
tonnes
Talc
tonnes
Tin
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Titanium
Ilmenite
tonnes
Other titanium minerals
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Titanium slag
tonnes
Tungsten
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Carbide
tonnes
Vanadium
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Pentoxide
tonnes
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Zirconium
Concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
22 668
1 547
151
120
59 444 410
32 044 466
1 611 494
12 290
821
50
236
52 331 324
28 024 572
438 755
16 468
1 125
329
151
52 714 224
27 795 263
1 017 820
17 567
966
323
806
51 960 524
27 529 122
377 348
20 230
1 368
131
554
58 285 251
26 622 307
345 571
* 3 900
8 947
* 3 000
29 448
* 3 500
29 183
* 3 000
17 845
* 2 500
13 104
40 911
194 656
3 548
21 022
71 444
3 721
40 507
211 595
1 607
39 133
257 920
1 283
43 865
232 397
968
274
444
270
15
97 348
108
443
140
19
81 729
421
543
216
41
85 807
9
636
102
33
111 597
19
455
155
22
52 046
26 903
8 006
19 824
1 824
27 611
4 934
32 091
6 153
12 372
2 465
75 633
1 547 747
66 088
754 262
11 317
1 513 257
17 131
828 017
123 171
431 934
1 903
153 575
372
85 942
958
24 015
187
81 043
1 160
68 214
229
82 425
476
44 724
176
88 655
384
13 291
300
80 421
7 313
261
376
5 457
243
441
6 410
172
2 410
5 967
428
5 386
5 744
122
801
119 467
9 133
3 131
138 275
10 004
26 512
522
1 735
93 267
...
...
(c) 111 298
2 627
91 822
...
...
(c) 123 284
3 673
90 581
...
...
(c) 99 055
3 411
67 970
...
11
731
31
147
681
13
44
426
25
15
216
51
17
506
35
9
43
22
50
...
115
...
52
...
56
1 114 634
26 779
15 000
7 396
909 078
16 091
9 230
3 127
1 003 388
7 583
15 627
10 935
977 695
16 841
11 050
23 205
1 069 671
6 091
7 235
9 620
152 604
136
95 103
83
149 442
132
143 493
97
63 341
124
Note(s)
(a) Including burnt pyrites
(b) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
(c) Includes ilmenite
121
Sweden
Sweden
Production
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Primary aluminium
Cement
Cement, clinker
Cement, finished
Copper, mine
Copper, smelter
Copper, refined
Feldspar
Gold
Pig iron
Iron ore
Crude steel
Ferro-alloys
Ferro-chrome
Lead, mine
Lead, refined
Selenium metal
Silver
Sulphur and pyrites
Recovered (a)
Recovered (b)
Talc
Zinc, mine
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
18 804 343
66 757 671
81 913
14 400 000
57 500 000
69 708
* 17 000 000
* 57 000 000
93 000
* 17 000 000
* 58 000 000
111 000
* 17 000 000
* 58 000 000
129 000
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes (metal content)
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms (metal content)
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 881 054
* 2 950 000
57 688
203 700
227 774
22 000
4 953
3 708 000
23 888 000
5 197 600
1 702 019
* 2 900 000
55 414
183 400
205 759
18 000
5 542
1 966 000
17 677 000
2 803 700
1 790 784
* 2 900 000
76 514
181 500
190 497
22 000
6 285
3 447 000
25 292 000
4 845 600
* 1 750 000
* 2 900 000
82 967
206 100
219 316
30 000
5 994
3 240 000
26 113 000
4 867 000
* 1 750 000
* 2 900 000
82 422
207 300
214 050
27 000
6 015
2 805 000
26 540 000
4 326 000
tonnes
tonnes (metal content)
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms (metal content)
118 700
63 489
56 812
139
293 068
31 100
69 293
51 574
129
288 590
64 400
67 697
59 179
72
302 145
80 140
62 028
52 438
* 70
301 959
35 800
63 551
61 528
* 70
309 337
tonnes (sulphur content)
tonnes (sulphur content)
tonnes
tonnes (metal content)
199 600
84 456
4 000
187 987
186 100
83 646
4 000
192 502
179 833
83 947
4 000
198 687
202 289
92 973
3 000
194 021
194 279
93 442
—
188 325
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
3 049 601
1 867 320
2 248 515
1 624 154
1 602 379
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
13 919
6 307
89 190
106 581
14 464
2 143
145 554
89 940
19 037
195
190 394
88 070
13 870
735
182 946
95 632
10 401
873
188 063
108 353
tonnes
15
489
4
—
4
tonnes
11 640
5 588
3 457
3 300
5 492
tonnes
1
106
11
1
—
tonnes
448
305
360
429
335
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
217
723 793
14 082
577 571
482 223
7 166
505 585
467 559
5 819
267 884
590 443
7 120
391 898
782 362
8 546
tonnes
225
100
191
167
123
tonnes
67
285
220
99
200
Note(s)
(a) From metal sulphide processing
(b) From petroleum refining and/or natural gas
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Alumina
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Cadmium
Oxide
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Metal
Cobalt
Metal
122
Sweden
Exports continued
Commodity
Copper
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Diatomite
Feldspar
Fluorspar
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
Iodine
Iron ore
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese and
ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-phosphorus
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesia
Mercury
Nickel
Unwrought (a)
Oxides
Scrap
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Phosphate rock
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Potash
Sulphate
Rare earths
Cerium compounds
Salt
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Tin
Unwrought (a)
Titanium
Metal
Oxides
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
49
70 047
5 610
57 245
749
10 670
11 538
—
77 745
3 181
55 603
693
7 646
6 745
24
71 394
8 563
43 311
829
11 251
8 101
8 010
92 971
5 615
58 031
1 098
19 258
11 053
4 266
105 338
3 585
58 829
1 214
16 831
13 714
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
19 400
29 400
252
14 500
60 900
159
14 700
5 100
254
12 900
21 000
129
16 600
9 700
129
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
11 525
122
17 617 162
9 358
300
16 104 129
8 155
700
20 726 152
3 865
900
21 115 203
4 466
7 900
22 869 383
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
62 588
19 844
3 534
141 261
296 251
35 886
146 027
12 335
51 010
133 387
313 081
2 752
109 644
297 427
2 525
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
3 620
301
1 370
2 616
112
895
2 458
102 086
1 449 311
30 495
2 423
193
364
3 004
250
330
968
58 631
1 439 126
31 122
3 517
340
582
6 905
50
498
2 337
261 273
1 352 399
23 103
3 581
375
448
6 903
57
665
1 274
235 814
1 484 197
16 444
2 835
294
479
15 630
64
950
1 206
450 860
1 543 542
7 032
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
61 439
53 715
816
72 220
46 795
1 044
111 153
55 501
1 445
73 996
54 370
1 471
68 646
51 796
1 425
tonnes
kilograms
235
500
380
2 100
303
95 600
165
...
130
1 000
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
288
511
1 513
3
—
4 897
522
363
1 376
45
961
1 228
497
534
1 022
2
21
125
599
516
1 137
3 105
6 159
2 253
1 690
429
13 853
22 040
475
1 826
kilograms
kilograms
£851 000
575 300
£177 000
40 400
£429 000
69 000
£1 203 000
43 600
£801 000
39 100
tonnes
53 883
59 252
93 796
84 381
69 205
tonnes
tonnes
...
10 444
1
10 025
9
12 742
...
13 297
5
8 973
kilograms
521 200
476 300
412 900
428 500
480 100
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
5 525
13 128
9 227
3 018
12 242
8 032
2 768
11 564
9 014
3 980
10 344
8 308
10 145
5 248
4 598
tonnes
213
122
163
52
32
tonnes
tonnes
1 002
19 992
717
15 921
925
20 567
1 086
18 331
1 111
16 429
123
Sweden
Exports continued
Commodity
Tungsten
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Carbide
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Scrap
Zirconium
Metal
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
75
328
436
96
431
253
—
289
401
21
218
186
149
122
109
tonnes
tonnes
389 473
2 898
395 616
1 840
362 085
2 900
374 501
3 257
343 725
3 166
tonnes
144
118
90
137
95
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
864 988
355 022
533 148
802 173
944 006
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
18 761
161 638
95 834
47 534
144 343
40 125
10 755
109 806
81 026
39 248
124 277
30 093
6 660
211 393
95 073
35 506
188 198
48 508
10 460
266 978
77 121
22 371
175 194
47 458
12 271
258 634
64 907
26 948
125 377
49 270
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
166
293
6 371
58
203
3 346
17
219
4 406
10
227
4 224
13
194
3 947
tonnes
178 308
120 079
200 422
214 173
231 973
tonnes
kilograms
12
31 700
6
3 100
12
4 200
2
4 300
4
7 800
tonnes
tonnes
851
83
588
42
825
107
1 127
172
1 172
145
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
37 009
61 891
50 333
10 434
29 482
37 308
36 629
348 431
36 399
58 132
419 332
42 002
5 230
391 030
43 520
tonnes
tonnes
* 274 900
12 782
* 127 500
4 396
* 169 000
4 999
* 128 600
6 598
* 135 900
6 139
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
36 163
2 811 668
9 029
20 373
1 831 397
33
48 767
3 236 437
43
38 136
2 971 646
52
34 827
2 218 768
39
tonnes
698
189
396
571
443
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
393 295
23 539
21 123
5 239
91 839
362 803
22 072
23 107
2 040
96 542
302 514
3 100
46 383
5 181
108 971
300 878
5 843
31 760
3 186
121 099
310 772
6 690
30 772
2 588
139 188
Carats
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
£100 000
10 938
217 127
4 000 000
6 929
3 861
14 214
£23 000
8 709
6 907
1 500 000
6 082
4 268
12 959
£125 000
9 615
26 277
8 000 000
8 099
6 410
9 451
£105 000
12 118
5 390
9 500 000
8 247
4 363
14 980
£178 000
* 8 000
* 8 100
* 9 100 000
7 532
547
10 729
Note(s)
(a) Including alloys
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Oxide
Barytes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Bromine
Cadmium
Metal
Oxide
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates (a)
Metal
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Briquettes
Cobalt
Metal
Copper
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Diamond
Unsorted
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Diatomite
Feldspar
Fluorspar
124
Sweden
Imports continued
Commodity
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron ore
Iron ore
Burnt pyrites
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-phosphorus
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Lithium
Oxides
Carbonate
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesia
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Mercury
Mica
Molybdenum
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxides
Nickel
Mattes, sinters etc
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Phosphate rock
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Potash
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
£25 583 000
£565 000
1 091
£26 296 000
£53 000
835
£32 625 000
£12 243 000
1 315
£42 028 000
£33 337 000
1 129
£33 413 000
£26 246 000
779
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
178 364
154 201
600
94 656
158 842
400
256 696
73 865
1 100
324 584
58 751
1 800
294 946
48 111
8 600
tonnes
tonnes
71 441
—
41 087
2 919
55 078
16 743
51 334
24 561
44 285
22 191
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
80 450
11 861
114 712
3 873
698
68 246
10 677
5 693
6 803
1 264
386
34 249
1 370
956
8 371
7 631
264 782
193 207
468 491
40 076
2 691
78 244
1 215
246
27 869
5 754
2 652
3 286
604
430
25 880
653
547
1 938
4 404
119 549
174 279
408 564
58 974
11 668
90 630
1 805
424
60 577
9 099
4 388
7 995
1 146
415
37 424
1 127
729
2 097
6 818
193 605
217 682
367 948
78 818
24 398
74 988
4 133
20
57 927
11 586
4 723
10 119
1 544
632
37 743
1 459
1 058
1 894
5 375
203 669
245 225
389 358
58 329
34 982
56 996
803
44
45 423
15 965
4 913
10 119
1 614
584
44 736
1 731
954
1 691
6 112
151 187
236 125
359 345
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
275
6 922
2 089
—
5 028
5 176
14 763
5 340
9 464
—
5 783
8 401
—
6 616
9 624
tonnes
tonnes
146
278
149
191
214
87
243
69
213
159
tonnes
14 701
15 832
12 004
20 425
19 081
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
388
3 287
13 800
755
854
1 880
21 300
721
522
3 815
2 700
673
438
5 241
2 400
545
412
3 438
1 400
419
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
4 645
442
711
2 514
470
219
5 487
644
414
5 893
360
357
6 110
356
496
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 490
25 474
1 317
12 215
19 184 387
647 510
922
1 607
16 544
661
8 709
16 818 080
860 497
2 918
1 239
23 375
397
10 491
18 236 284
1 066 174
3 869
1 723
23 191
216
10 332
17 988 419
899 467
12 968
1 008
17 878
542
8 801
20 429 251
816 561
10 687
kilograms
kilograms
£8 722 000
13 800
£5 934 000
80 200
£7 551 000
1 500
£8 430 000
19 800
£12 301 000
12 700
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
2 872
15 689
4 735
965
4 769
4 211
1 789
55 671
5 858
2 551
79 863
9 276
1 340
81 282
8 187
125
Sweden
Imports continued
Commodity
Rare earths
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Salt
Sillimanite minerals
Silver
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Tin
Unwrought (b)
Titanium
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Carbide
Zinc
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Zirconium
Concentrates
Metal
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
46
59
8
875 294
5 212
28
47
8
910 606
2 395
37
47
7
905 190
4 782
48
55
9
933 936
5 174
72
31
16
745 276
4 225
kilograms
kilograms
(a)* 2 466 000
122 200
2 330 100
85 300
...
83 700
...
90 900
...
94 900
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
691
78 784
112
45 801
544
21 772
143
28 459
874
56 961
200
25 998
825
65 296
145
22 202
744
42 457
130
22 507
tonnes
555
364
435
189
149
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
995
2 391
61 890
726
1 593
53 071
1 854
1 936
61 191
645
2 390
62 054
629
2 245
53 030
tonnes
tonnes
588
904
175
233
179
1 308
302
2 050
538
852
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
29 211
12 059
1 696
29 750
2 691
1 208
37 524
5 905
226
30 598
6 282
336
24 686
5 907
44
tonnes
tonnes
832
185
248
218
419
220
368
120
123
146
Note(s)
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
(b) Including alloys
126
Switzerland
Switzerland
Production
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Cement
Cement, finished (a)
Gypsum
Crude steel
Lead, refined
Salt
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
* 37 000 000
* 5 000 000
* 37 000 000
* 5 000 000
* 40 000 000
* 5 000 000
* 40 000 000
* 5 000 000
40 000 000
* 5 000 000
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
4 238 311
* 300 000
1 312 000
* 8 000
368 000
4 333 096
* 300 000
934 000
800
554 000
4 553 077
* 300 000
1 320 000
—
643 000
4 687 138
* 350 000
* 1 400 000
—
478 324
4 395 084
* 320 000
* 1 400 000
—
* 528 000
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
202 846
194 006
193 312
188 183
274 029
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
5 767
9 938
125 769
1 240
14 444
116 520
854
20 954
131 819
341
23 397
138 643
538
23 439
141 836
tonnes
120
30
42
17
10
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
91 167
35 925
9 009
70 207
15 044
4 062
6 983
103 952
2 959
104
63 262
51
35
72 143
67
tonnes
54
44
82
92
111
tonnes
120
70
80
97
113
tonnes
tonnes
1 159
82 687
623
71 204
832
75 973
1 030
84 373
935
86 964
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
7 888
582 240
44 105 000
59
1 230
252 685
30 400 000
99
14 892
357 976
60 980 000
453
3 628
435 272
70 880 000
564
5 000
145 000
59 620 000
629
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
2 103 919
125 459
600
1 010 085
107 918
355
1 605 359
105 407
326
1 867 822
94 837
100
1 627 553
71 297
96
tonnes
kilograms
5 207
1 605
2 454
97
8 536
349
8 606
239
7 283
238
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
2 126
642
65 257
636 462
1 564
943
48 349
565 415
2 191
1 191
66 642
623 910
981
1 299
85 201
630 837
1 013
848
70 375
626 757
tonnes
tonnes
7 387
3 236
1 765
4 748
230
5 497
19
5 732
23
5 301
tonnes
kilograms
88
11 592
2 041
25 372
190
8 529
1
53 581
83
164 517
Note(s)
(a) Includes production in Liechtenstein
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Alumina
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Asbestos
Unmanufactured
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Metal
Cobalt
Metal
Copper
Unwrought
Scrap
Diamond
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Dust
Diatomite
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
Iodine
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Sponge and powder
Ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Lead
Unwrought
Scrap
Lithium
Oxides
Mercury
127
Switzerland
Exports continued
Commodity
Nickel
Scrap
Unwrought (a)
Platinum metals
Platinum
Palladium
Other Platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Rare earths
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Salt
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Tin
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Titanium
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Zinc
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
1 603
94
1 519
53
1 090
173
909
130
1 214
62
kilograms
kilograms
kilograms
kilograms
69 404
86 503
717
616 867
61 433
57 571
192
362 419
72 006
70 662
464
314 061
63 853
60 859
494
289 174
64 331
56 950
836
241 307
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1
1
37 772
1
26
68 947
2
1
67 537
9
1
71 525
5
5
58 820
kilograms
1 444 198
916 560
1 456 475
1 779 063
77 978
tonnes
335
4 837
5 310
4 864
2 160
tonnes
tonnes
114
76
87
136
60
118
16
131
8
169
tonnes
tonnes
987
1 276
734
1 203
805
1 466
868
1 666
724
1 623
tonnes
400
239
476
398
400
tonnes
tonnes
1 078
2 445
524
2 574
415
2 582
258
2 846
117
2 284
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
7 256 472
7 246 506
8 010 059
8 566 572
8 611 775
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
12 439
11 036
17 235
127 018
62 962
31 728
8 360
9 074
15 269
108 096
50 341
23 195
6 718
10 662
20 697
148 099
84 113
33 341
11 898
9 957
19 131
166 853
70 200
36 829
10 924
8 625
17 473
159 296
59 087
43 797
tonnes
tonnes
1 328
3 644
793
2 605
1 108
3 020
1 131
3 156
583
3 359
tonnes
21 876
20 407
20 362
19 316
19 203
tonnes
12
12
25
18
12
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
8 596
361 305
30 908
27 649
364 034
36 464
74 946
465 699
49 549
46 117
538 979
73 361
2 580
526 305
92 633
tonnes
tonnes
1 510
134
974
38
1 051
74
809
71
1 359
93
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
18 721
132 824
80 814
3 986
5 444
172 990
66 483
4 933
7 164
124 096
62 756
3 328
7 144
92 473
69 378
2 887
12 121
129 051
48 704
3 750
tonnes
386
243
318
298
260
Note(s)
(a) Including alloys
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Oxide
Barytes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Cobalt
Metal
128
Switzerland
Imports continued
Commodity
Copper
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Diamond
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Dust
Diatomite
Feldspar
Fluorspar
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron ore
Iron ore
Burnt pyrites
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-phosphorus
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Unwrought
Lithium
Oxides
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
Magnesia
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Mercury
Mica
Nickel
Unwrought (a)
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Phosphate rock
Platinum metals
Platinum
Palladium
Other Platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Potash
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
5 903
3 925
5 266
3 473
3 276
2 710
3 229
4 137
6 061
2 353
3 520
4 178
2 006
3 489
2 244
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
11 566
1 147 690
54 445 000
4 864
7 653
571
4 498
534 700
39 130 000
5 071
6 478
370
20 460
840 245
74 015 000
5 758
6 593
492
3 263
1 227 118
101 250 000
4 642
6 124
210
* 3 000
* 1 012 000
82 185 000
5 177
4 575
181
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
2 101 027
214 839
931
2 198 967
319 257
306
2 343 070
219 260
848
2 684 244
205 846
823
2 280 196
28 550
454
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
101 731
97 296
7 260
101 228
87 350
7 156
112 555
100 958
10 238
94 474
104 574
10 839
81 642
113 112
13 172
tonnes
tonnes
6 145
12 559
1 445
15 045
5 382
15 171
12 537
14 916
12 046
13 386
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
28 630
8 873
1 803
11 696
5 011
208
342
5 264
52
845
1 255
29 911
505 597
39 932
12 256
5 931
288
8 003
1 595
76
173
4 287
82
280
1 256
9 188
313 055
33 555
16 812
6 668
1 480
11 566
3 767
174
321
5 014
548
381
1 385
18 026
452 626
24 249
17 969
4 812
1 846
9 721
4 948
230
191
5 937
544
561
1 661
61 349
456 700
21 460
13 207
4 780
1 519
10 871
4 292
157
200
4 527
187
272
1 014
49 448
343 770
21 551
tonnes
9 915
9 446
5 664
2 838
5 519
tonnes
143
110
118
141
98
tonnes
tonnes
69
7 772
502
4 762
362
4 625
793
4 917
521
5 734
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
472
472
3 557
1 088
340
282
801
669
214
556
1 370
1 226
333
509
471
866
357
490
5 096
893
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
2 054
5 141 634
2 596 153
358
1 202
4 755 189
2 450 414
585
1 370
4 534 930
2 759 930
3 657
1 199
4 302 674
2 521 494
20 007
1 320
3 231 713
2 644 533
15 024
kilograms
kilograms
kilograms
kilograms
67 022
60 666
1 255
494 962
91 048
50 258
1 319
688 973
49 089
41 454
813
912 680
57 415
43 310
873
459 360
39 955
27 123
1 065
413 819
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
4 685
15 158
2 861
3 967
7 595
1 676
4 914
16 865
2 049
5 899
14 730
1 159
6 638
11 866
1 136
129
Switzerland
Imports continued
Commodity
Units
Rare earths
Metals
tonnes
Cerium compounds
tonnes
Other rare earth compounds
tonnes
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys tonnes
Salt
tonnes
Sillimanite minerals
tonnes
Silver
Ores and concentrates (b)
kilograms
Metal
kilograms
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
tonnes
Talc
tonnes
Tin
Unwrought (a)
tonnes
Titanium
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Tungsten
Metal
tonnes
Zinc
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
...
16
18
6
8 988
1 128
1
15
15
44
70 386
527
4
31
16
...
37 731
1 162
5
18
12
5
58 307
1 596
21
15
17
3
23 179
1 079
* 9 600
1 520 531
* 100 900
2 136 092
* 55 800
1 746 243
* 15 107 700
2 155 625
* 39 212
2 397 273
17 425
8 756
12 086
7 987
17 414
8 490
13 072
7 666
14 257
6 975
1 093
800
863
737
799
1 168
19 550
862
17 086
971
19 725
1 081
22 198
1 177
16 806
272
105
143
226
234
13 715
2 471
9 431
1 549
15 521
2 276
12 747
2 158
11 702
1 930
Note(s)
(a) Including alloys
(b) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
130
Turkey
Turkey
Production
Commodity
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Bauxite
tonnes
Alumina
tonnes (Al2O3 content)
Primary aluminium
tonnes
Antimony
tonnes (metal content)
Barytes
tonnes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
tonnes
Sepiolite
tonnes
tonnes
Borates
Cement
Cement, clinker
tonnes
Cement, finished
tonnes
Chromium
tonnes
Coal
Anthracite
tonnes
Bituminous
tonnes
Lignite
tonnes
Copper, mine
tonnes (metal content)
Copper, smelter
tonnes
Copper, refined
tonnes
Feldspar
tonnes
Gold
kilograms (metal content)
Graphite
tonnes
Gypsum
tonnes
Iron ore
tonnes
Pig iron
tonnes
tonnes
Crude steel
Ferro-alloys
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-chrome
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Lead, mine
tonnes (metal content)
Lead, refined
tonnes
Magnesite
tonnes
Mica
tonnes
Nickel, mined
tonnes (metal content)
Perlite
tonnes
tonnes
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
million m3
Salt
tonnes
Silver
kilograms (metal content)
Strontium minerals
tonnes
Zinc, mine
tonnes (metal content)
818 928
* 160 000
61 100
* 1 300
150 000
406 700
* 100 000
30 000
* 1 300
213 187
855 000
* 160 000
54 100
* 1 300
225 000
* 600 000
* 100 000
56 400
* 1 300
225 000
* 600 000
* 100 000
43 700
* 1 300
250 000
683 253
* 10 000
2 139 224
753 155
* 10 000
1 687 102
718 260
* 10 000
1 910 000
379 917
* 10 000
2 711 831
* 370 000
* 10 000
* 2 700 000
41 652 824
54 027 283
1 885 712
41 084 368
55 741 176
1 770 029
54 222 939
70 800 657
2 461 314
53 228 248
66 656 800
2 281 981
* 53 000 000
* 67 000 000
* 2 280 000
3 343 409
* 1 000 000
86 074 626
82 400
38 000
88 000
6 500 000
11 016
3 236
7 338 127
3 990 110
6 697 372
26 809 050
3 773 603
* 1 000 000
82 263 104
72 400
—
33 500
4 000 000
14 450
2 400
4 369 589
4 169 972
6 913 325
25 303 741
6 312 137
* 1 000 000
86 943 392
79 900
—
47 300
6 281 597
16 400
—
2 850 601
5 378 455
16 362 115
29 029 789
5 619 316
3 542 223
79 968 510
92 500
* 25 000
85 000
7 076 068
23 248
—
991 415
6 308 448
14 877 155
34 103 000
* 5 600 000
* 3 550 000
* 80 000 000
101 700
* 25 000
86 300
* 8 000 000
27 884
—
* 1 000 000
* 7 000 000
8 613 000
35 885 000
75 840
6 094
232 746
31 800
* 6 000
2 143 047
8 392
* 1 500
551 266
2 222 594
894
3 271 009
* 294 000
* 1 600
126 800
41 028
2 903
234 614
21 600
* 6 000
861 180
4 172
1 199
522 832
2 489 914
660
3 765 564
351 600
—
136 300
* 60 000
* 3 000
787 287
38 500
* 6 000
1 541 860
* 4 500
* 1 900
737 077
2 602 114
626
3 134 749
348 000
—
196 400
* 60 000
* 3 000
1 229 352
39 500
8 230
* 1 000 000
* 4 500
* 4 300
642 657
2 383 000
756
* 4 000 000
292 400
—
158 300
* 60 000
* 3 000
* 1 300 000
* 57 017
* 10 000
* 1 000 000
* 4 500
* 3 200
* 650 000
2 334 000
* 760
* 4 000 000
236 400
—
195 793
Note(s)
(1) Turkey is also believed to produce diatomite, sulphur and wollastonite
131
Turkey
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Asbestos
Unmanufactured
Barytes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Copper
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Diamond
Dust
Diatomite
Feldspar (a)
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron ore
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
Magnesia
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Mercury
132
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
1 183 150
908 010
955 765
1 237 704
1 299 391
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
262 708
25 276
93 639
50 056
10 827
16 218
103 317
1 890
75 837
26 337
9 368
14 483
331 458
190 094
2 910
42 090
36 994
14 291
158 232
96
21 172
4 868
38 640
12 020
166 744
—
—
—
36 106
9 905
tonnes
tonnes
1 000
0
1 408
8
2 765
21
2 977
6
2 450
113
tonnes
tonnes
685
123 485
—
121 744
3
175 497
1
144 238
—
157 967
tonnes
244 177
250 082
307 891
319 189
337 860
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
2 558 779
11 010 951
150 785
3 856 403
16 356 895
245 770
2 792 332
15 842 398
415 763
2 472 979
11 750 755
315 159
2 980 566
10 716 605
104 504
tonnes
tonnes
1 816 427
122
1 748 194
2 667
2 256 387
184
2 161 001
1 930
2 129 693
2 344
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 043
55 510
13 980
194
1 715
6 253
717
37 319
4 554
5 210
802
43 942
5 700
1 534
48 706
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
251 958
34 910
6 869
9 670
356 922
4 505
2 237
16 426
421 536
2 106
6 764
12 426
257 914
2 845
10 135
5 124
351 882
5 701
7 673
9 226
Carats
tonnes
tonnes
3 494 000
40 370
* 4 600 000
1 000 025
39 267
* 2 500 000
1 253 750
37 432
* 3 400 000
7 702 486
28 104
* 3 500 000
400 000
36 985
* 3 500 000
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
142 244
1 122
390
162 208
1 188
257
56 035
619
220
30 226
1 360
761
282 160
...
766
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
37 899
838 314
1 212
4 163
145 717
643 873
31 908
(b) 3 361
134 905
682 898
2 960
(b) 200 600
111 864
708 056
4 877
(b) 296 550
107 000
789 505
2 480
(b) 423 536
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
10 372
520
39 324
2 466
677
1 464
1 075
2 501 135
77 654
130 923
10 616
219
75 236
1 614
2 247
1 280
1 059
2 431 211
66 673
61 828
8 028
1 326
74 570
4 410
2 362
4 619
507
3 716 586
94 498
137 963
9 357
7 581
76 255
3 536
2 172
5 807
4 886
2 459 563
105 914
83 203
7 723
1 422
75 555
2 003
1 237
2 653
795
2 985 209
95 152
110 139
tonnes
tonnes
(c) 52 988
832
(c) 35 973
361
(c) 64 247
400
(c) 65 917
802
93 590
2 522
tonnes
tonnes
68 054
175 441
35 097
162 651
24 213
209 633
37 902
238 620
28 747
245 537
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
81 280
401
22 885
59 183
81
89
51 731
4 952
2 156
100 172
12
10 890
118 953
3 535
4 392
Turkey
Exports continued
Commodity
Mica
Nickel
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (d)
Scrap
Crude petroleum (a)
Natural gas
Phosphate rock
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Potash
Potassic fertilisers
Rare earths
Cerium compounds
Salt
Sillimanite minerals
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
Tin
Unwrought (d)
Titanium
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Vanadium
Pentoxide
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (d)
Scrap
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
840
570
601
1 039
1 054
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
130 179
232
734
* 4 115 000
412 655
...
99 700
141
470
* 2 956 000
665 247
159
172 682
292
519
* 1 139 000
590 182
620
378 350
96
841
* 702 000
(a)* 653 000
1 454
302 100
204
783
* 99 000
(a)* 5 888 000
937
kilograms
kilograms
18
330
3 142
9 967
5 124
4 491
2 765
5 332
589
13 244
tonnes
3 544
6 438
6 533
6 504
3 654
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
27
27 393
1 608
8
26 223
1 647
5
262 050
2 623
10
417 596
3 357
5
66 690
4 444
kilograms
20 897
170 009
144 942
202 886
216 509
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
21 289
17 259
1 636
6 495
14 769
1 712
279 822
21 068
2 865
56 143
7 949
2 711
59 116
8 757
2 635
tonnes
...
126
2
—
22
tonnes
118
37
79
56
43
tonnes
tonnes
49
2 607
47
2 237
85
2 650
95
3 170
122
2 538
tonnes
99
213
139
237
210
tonnes
200
119
—
24
—
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
253 573
498
468
272 559
451
1 929
392 725
666
1 536
316 714
1 704
2 997
412 744
2 130
2 960
Note(s)
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
(b) Including burnt pyrites
(c) Complex lead-zinc ore
(d) Including alloys
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxide
Arsenic
Metallic arsenic
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
4 590
3 636
9 372
3 487
7 129
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
39 256
18 232
21 275
327 525
270 871
16 868
17 350
10 394
15 269
358 748
201 124
14 215
35 652
15 772
27 721
460 915
281 588
24 952
36 358
15 434
35 739
553 191
332 228
25 107
28 947
14 740
41 275
576 670
356 862
20 811
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
...
346
522
0
369
588
82
219
885
121
245
739
0
256
705
tonnes
71
74
55
10
49
133
Turkey
Imports continued
Commodity
Units
Asbestos
Unmanufactured
tonnes
Barytes
tonnes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
tonnes
Bismuth
Metal
tonnes
Bromine (a)
kilograms
Cement
Cement clinkers
tonnes
Portland cement
tonnes
Other cement
tonnes
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Coal
Anthracite
tonnes
Other coal
tonnes
Lignite
tonnes
Cobalt
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Copper
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Unwrought, unrefined
tonnes
Unwrought, refined
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Diamond
Gem
Carats
Industrial
Carats
Dust
Carats
Diatomite
tonnes
Feldspar
tonnes
Fluorspar
tonnes
Gold
Metal
kilograms
Graphite
tonnes
Gypsum
Crude
tonnes
Calcined
tonnes
Iodine
kilograms
Iron ore
Iron ore
tonnes
Burnt pyrites
tonnes
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
tonnes
Sponge and powder
tonnes
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-magnesium
tonnes
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-molybdenum
tonnes
Ferro-niobium
tonnes
Ferro-phosphorus
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
tonnes
Ferro-vanadium
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Silicon metal
tonnes
Ingots, blooms, billets
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Lead
Unwrought
tonnes
134
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
585
455
—
507
—
342
—
2 863
—
5 567
9 806
1 827
1 641
1 915
1 952
21
6 761
15
6 497
11
8 373
16
11 462
7
6 869
380 516
12 279
5 036
6 053
13 471
3 358
58 176
5 875
6 168
10 511
3 406
10 847
58 098
21 972
7 142
119 806
60
113 461
54
113 487
65
122 070
108
162 266
91
707 425
18 781 879
...
457 575
19 501 679
...
972 425
21 048 121
5 339
990 996
22 721 500
—
854 104
28 405 516
75
148
152
125
150
145
199
171
277
159
364
3 884
38 116
287 705
3 060
1 263
0
4 852
289 672
2 828
870
1 329
5 892
332 482
6 601
3 943
5
4 329
337 337
9 450
6 181
29
2 824
348 938
6 695
3 806
141 553
102 596
18 430 000
1 491
28 594
34 073
51 740
29 724
19 120 000
1 392
28 166
36 114
131 146
46 890
25 190 000
1 319
39 953
37 977
141 277
82 417
31 125 000
1 702
34 726
48 210
...
65 000
36 995 000
2 124
47 361
53 627
179 606
13 230
52 654
6 788
64 105
11 191
128 367
13 138
157 629
8 171
165 775
1 797
9 498
201 077
1 419
12 133
232 713
1 782
3 218
375 169
1 916
6 641
295 462
2 259
6 163
5 004 508
17 092
7 757 561
14 097
7 220 977
—
6 644 310
—
7 842 126
—
802 741
96 393
11 321
324
4 604
73 319
195 623
1 645
609
1 731
90 477
634
529
7 417
6 207
3 849 141
17 414 983
402 812
770 160
81 008
2 787
—
3 082
46 760
191 605
1 173
338
412
60 164
651
323
2 978
5 852
3 590 665
15 372 727
301 086
557 398
284 608
8 159
1
786
61 866
229 451
1 577
147
1 050
87 552
167
261
7 366
9 978
2 350 758
19 138 460
424 152
1 137 729
180 591
9 061
200
1 344
59 326
243 637
1 091
424
1 035
107 151
480
591
8 213
10 363
2 157 532
21 452 724
497 148
1 376 572
387 667
6 493
600
2 064
54 195
252 758
1 181
550
1 117
100 727
629
562
6 639
10 777
3 355 265
22 415 045
479 665
79 460
73 520
73 057
85 131
99 137
Turkey
Imports continued
Commodity
Units
Lithium
Oxides
tonnes
Carbonate
tonnes
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesia
tonnes
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Mercury
kilograms
Mica
tonnes
Molybdenum
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Nickel
Unwrought (b)
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Phosphate rock
tonnes
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
kilograms
Potash
Sulphate
tonnes
Chloride
tonnes
Other potassic fertilisers
tonnes
Rare earths
Metals
tonnes
Cerium compounds
tonnes
Other rare earth compounds
tonnes
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys tonnes
Salt
tonnes
Sillimanite minerals
Sillimanite minerals
tonnes
Mullite
tonnes
Silver
Metal
kilograms
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
tonnes
Sulphur
tonnes
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
tonnes
Talc
tonnes
Tin
Unwrought (b)
tonnes
Titanium
Titanium minerals
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Tungsten
Metal
tonnes
Zinc
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Zirconium
Concentrates
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
257
617
208
613
268
770
261
865
236
1 006
61 519
40 595
60 121
58 556
50 199
2 531
874
3 069
385
540
583
1 635
477
694
980
719
317
1 295
1 202
9 772
508
534
863
3 143
285
3
89
291
16
46
28
12
34
14
35
4 038
21 833 471
741 190
2 711
14 219 427
707 595
3 391
16 873 392
686 966
4 047
18 049 163
814 382
4 012
19 479 238
711 627
463
235
200
213
240
33 427
82 412
398
11 576
50 634
303
34 986
82 923
1 075
28 989
93 471
109
36 459
94 930
107
9
310
5
12
257 146
9
200
4
10
99 400
14
233
13
...
154 536
13
128
8
...
254 045
10
120
4
13
248 663
4 255
5 280
4 891
3 635
5 466
12 675
6 907
10 733
6 905
8 827
154 639
57 700
90 064
209 909
226 227
224
128 685
321
17 706
67
164 034
1 315
14 893
480
141 478
592
20 026
323
161 866
292
26 952
142
151 955
382
23 496
2 603
1 630
2 558
2 707
2 195
7 762
163
106 206
5 628
188
98 100
7 390
298
127 266
9 454
357
144 383
7 328
356
117 269
34
34
74
70
71
147 215
4 091
1 381
137 765
1 714
181
182 598
2 876
161
201 409
6 504
44
224 683
5 261
95
4 844
2 918
4 823
4 770
3 268
Note(s)
(a) May include some fluorine
(b) Including alloys
135
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
Production
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock (a)
Primary aluminium
Barytes
Cement
Cement, clinker
Cement, finished (b)
Coal
Bituminous (c)
Feldspar (d)(e)
Fluorspar
Gold
Gypsum
Indium
Iron ore (f)
Pig iron
Crude steel
Kaolin
Lead, mine (g)
Lead, refined
Nickel, smelter/refinery
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Potash
Chloride
Salt
Silver
Talc
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
85 473 000
127 996 000
326 900
43 000
66 226 000
104 626 000
252 000
36 000
61 700 000
94 203 000
186 000
34 099
63 113 000
102 828 000
213 000
31 000
56 593 000
94 785 000
60 000
30 000
tonnes
tonnes
8 700 000
10 071 000
6 421 000
7 623 000
6 598 000
7 883 000
7 096 000
8 529 000
6 555 000
7 952 000
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms (metal content)
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes (metal content)
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
million m3
18 053 000
430
36 801
163
* 1 700 000
*5
145
10 136 800
13 520 500
1 355 365
* 300
283 000
40 800
66 745 000
74 937
17 874 000
—
18 536
187
* 1 700 000
*5
—
7 671 100
10 074 500
1 059 848
243
301 865
17 800
64 001 000
63 031
18 417 000
—
26 420
177
* 1 700 000
*5
—
7 233 000
9 708 000
* 1 140 000
251
297 453
31 600
63 903 000
59 684
18 627 000
—
—
202
* 1 700 000
*5
—
6 625 000
9 478 000
* 1 290 000
280
274 055
37 400
52 650 000
47 790
17 047 000
—
—
102
* 1 700 000
*5
—
7 183 100
9 579 100
* 1 150 000
61
311 930
34 300
45 431 000
40 603
tonnes (K2O content)
tonnes
kilograms (metal content)
tonnes
403 800
5 565 000
398
2 410
* 403 800
6 166 000
514
2 861
* 403 800
6 666 000
506
2 633
* 462 000
6 060 000
531
3 708
* 462 000
* 6 100 000
230
3 667
Note(s)
(1) United Kingdom is also believed to produce arsenic and sulphur
(2) In addition to the countries producing sillimanite minerals, production capacity for synthetic mullite is known to exist in the United
Kingdom, but output is believed to be zero
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
Includes small quantities for other purposes in Northern Ireland
Great Britain only
Including anthracite
China stone
Including weathered granite feldspar
The Florence mine near Egremont, Cumbria closed in 2008. The mine produced high-grade hematite for foundry uses, mineral
specimens
(g) By-product of Pennine fluorspar operations and of gold mining in Northern Ireland
136
United Kingdom
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate (a)
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Oxide
Barytes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Sepiolite
Bismuth
Metal
Bromine
Cadmium
Metal
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Briquettes
Cobalt
Oxides
Metal
Copper
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Diamond
Unsorted
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Diatomite
Feldspar
Fluorspar
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron ore
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
13 008 608
10 714 861
10 992 431
10 800 338
8 823 773
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
6 121
9 517
* 5 300
20 690
265 018
872 988
3 873
16 810
* 4 400
17 688
305 849
422 574
3 140
5 879
* 2 100
43 665
364 612
443 466
5 936
5 114
* 2 600
49 959
356 170
440 399
2 929
3 590
* 10 700
9 597
279 263
445 730
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
35
558
9 976
75
407
13 095
77
490
17 851
57
290
15 648
237
422
19 072
tonnes
tonnes
43 261
226
34 622
130
41 323
...
38 478
...
39 535
...
tonnes
kilograms
905
1 015 304
941
497 246
427
780 704
1 038
1 472 523
744
1 377 726
tonnes
54
25
2 545
1 441
272
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
15 071
230 920
93 122
4 708
92 628
51 359
5 500
134 223
56 781
15 531
121 537
62 333
31 458
239 058
75 502
tonnes
tonnes
—
6 501
32 507
5 058
297
7 441
168
8 017
50
7 737
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
165 473
742 582
52 605
119 472
391 414
68 226
89 701
615 067
89 125
97 014
502 581
117 025
119 826
417 654
150 783
tonnes
tonnes
798
2 614
891
2 572
1 267
1 780
820
1 739
1 179
1 865
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
3 066
4 850
17 822
358 981
205
14 059
11 839
429 467
185
8 863
12 782
421 868
194
17 951
16 872
513 394
647
24 498
15 441
373 943
Carats
Carats
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
3 388 395
66 479 817
795 612
6 121 081
122 681 695
903
82
187
4 090 534
43 775 775
257 202
4 440 922
105 427 105
533
369
303
3 689 202
51 769 860
283 435
2 478 568
113 451 535
1 650
38
412
2 735 369
41 541 219
1 292 162
3 864 054
42 269 921
797
34
590
2 974 099
46 117 478
1 702 424
3 949 553
32 288 331
659
92
75
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
600 018
272 339
3 156
96 231
533 182
2 271
293 153
496 924
2 981
775 261
272 597
3 660
266 572
1 928 197
2 196
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
1 493
48 340
174 965
7 821
1 978
32 551
121 370
32 579
3 330
24 552
393 005
5 256
3 428
25 504
234 182
179 709
4 036
21 216
370 132
108 415
137
United Kingdom
Exports continued
Commodity
Units
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
tonnes
Sponge and powder
tonnes
Ferro-alloys
tonnes
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-magnesium
tonnes
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-molybdenum
tonnes
Ferro-nickel
tonnes
Ferro-niobium
tonnes
Ferro-phosphorus
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
tonnes
Ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten tonnes
Ferro-vanadium
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Silicon metal
tonnes
Ingots, blooms, billets
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Lead
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought, base bullion
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Lithium
Oxides
tonnes
Carbonate
tonnes
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
tonnes
Magnesia
tonnes
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Mercury
kilograms
Mica
tonnes
Molybdenum
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Nepheline syenite
tonnes
Nickel
Scrap
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Perlite
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas (b)
tonnes
Platinum metals
Platinum
kilograms
Palladium
kilograms
Other Platinum metals
kilograms
Waste and scrap
kilograms
Potash
Sulphate
tonnes
Chloride (a)
tonnes
Other potassic fertilisers
tonnes
Rare earths
Metals
tonnes
Cerium compounds
tonnes
Other rare earth compounds
tonnes
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys tonnes
Salt
tonnes
Sillimanite minerals
tonnes
138
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2 523
2 794
40 986
1 376
9
976
1 210
49
11 283
81
58
45
3 250
18 557
31
79
3 981
15 132
3 348 794
6 616 708
1 955 020
27 765
3 103
28 899
1 475
50
458
963
65
7 634
18
52
312
3 338
13 098
1
64
1 373
7 753
2 118 701
6 007 656
1 393 939
4 339
2 938
45 314
2 403
22
366
8 361
52
11 248
15
224
667
2 958
15 197
4
24
3 774
2 901
1 137 160
7 507 853
1 722 335
2 074
3 775
43 918
1 853
364
338
819
132
12 948
49
179
766
6 594
17 662
3
52
2 158
3 662
668 885
7 744 411
2 315 560
3 775
33 831
49 357
2 288
72
327
658
7 503
12 421
539
257
562
4 659
18 040
20
31
1 979
3 027
1 817 820
7 160 639
2 646 009
79 520
...
57 466
47 660
126 743
0
54 505
56 055
105 235
21
62 406
69 404
144 877
822
4 820
74 789
169 739
1 993
6 050
57 990
232
216
569
193
144
123
7
50
41
102
316
13 647
518
9 662
470
14 497
745
28 042
1 163
14 869
244
(a)* 3 200
6 369
4 749
65
(a)* 2 200
178 571
3 944
97
(a)* 2 000
9 321
4 137
129
(a)* 2 100
5 368
4 238
101
...
2 991
3 639
64
241
902
35
433
204
305
572
291
3
403
337
64
375
403
18 229
26 235
4 378
702
43 354 245
9 543 217
12 693
15 834
4 753
414
43 550 953
11 160 939
19 361
18 639
4 530
1 059
41 591 305
14 461 473
17 405
28 994
6 025
1 116
34 304 184
15 239 637
33 614
30 322
6 711
1 228
33 679 090
11 325 170
40 630
47 142
22 548
4 278 682
43 177
53 091
20 044
4 273 222
24 464
42 864
23 021
527 862
37 836
50 917
17 319
287 198
55 114
55 864
18 945
1 066 729
93
* 244 300
562
443
* 205 600
228
71
* 339 000
420
108
* 429 000
5 283
118
* 399 000
15 732
237
73
622
7
873 708
2 076
54
105
459
6
449 303
1 414
46
182
614
37
450 246
1 378
272
149
347
48
489 633
1 761
54
273
214
79
396 155
1 141
United Kingdom
Exports continued
Commodity
Silver
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Waste and scrap (c)
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur, crude
Sulphur, refined
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
Niobium (d)
Tin
Concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Titanium
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Carbide
Vanadium
Pentoxide
Metal
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Zirconium
Concentrates
Metal
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
kilograms
kilograms
kilograms
192
6 071 009
5 447 491
1 338
943 522
8 412 093
2 035
2 579 909
5 160 290
206
3 937 294
11 649 846
—
3 197 152
19 737 958
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
13 182
27 872
1 144
3 129
2 545
38 723
1 902
2 402
41 491
1 198
1 349
3 074
101 964
3 686
2 151
3 171
37 239
14 609
21 385
5 026
tonnes
tonnes
55
148
72
23
191
45
97
72
336
29
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
254
1 264
532
19 110
61
928
537
22 597
163
1 856
389
13 115
58
1 797
545
4 414
241
2 092
246
3 435
tonnes
tonnes
11 155
222 503
9 555
203 873
12 060
208 518
11 926
223 190
11 541
142 135
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
21
1 625
51
3
1 541
80
29
1 650
41
35
2 135
597
102
1 674
463
tonnes
tonnes
589
2
487
18
694
23
6
...
—
...
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
246
3 883
28 408
5 699
11 418
3 600
13 578
6 030
8 405
3 580
14 561
14 903
9 714
2 724
12 737
12 545
5 561
1 823
13 580
9 897
tonnes
tonnes
716
61
742
19
1 405
90
1 661
102
818
213
Note(s)
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
(b) Tonnes of oil equivalent, converted from GWh. One WEh is 85.985 tonnes of oil equivalent. Source: Department of Energy and Climate
Change
(c) Including scrap of platinum group metals
(d) Including rhenium
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Oxide
Arsenic
Metallic arsenic
Barytes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Sepiolite
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
2 631 986
2 054 272
2 239 950
2 062 760
1 792 148
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
57 971
705 033
110 503
160 797
93 210
145 819
37 461
352 250
98 516
304 621
43 601
117 651
41 650
229 158
87 278
138 975
62 686
126 584
41 497
110 265
90 065
201 428
62 784
109 122
33 925
56 724
72 468
144 629
64 561
106 654
tonnes
tonnes
98
2 454
88
1 548
45
2 598
121
1 785
237
1 750
tonnes
tonnes
52
56 794
60
61 308
7
89 474
5
99 872
15
88 042
tonnes
tonnes
205 853
227 453
140 301
70 651
141 849
...
200 332
...
183 343
...
139
United Kingdom
Imports continued
Commodity
Bismuth
Metal
Bromine
Cadmium
Metal
Oxide
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Briquettes
Cobalt
Ore
Metal
Oxides
Copper
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Diamond
Unsorted
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Diatomite
Feldspar
Fluorspar
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron ore
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-phosphorus
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
140
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
kilograms
1 582
5 903 423
310
6 534 300
366
5 787 829
411
9 485 963
481
7 817 484
tonnes
tonnes
212
386
246
181
470
309
542
281
229
169
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
366 791
1 731 228
28 324
206 857
1 718 146
30 815
201 308
1 759 841
92 031
208 595
1 746 862
100 453
206 086
1 429 848
31 045
tonnes
tonnes
117 715
3 099
33 867
2 904
7 084
3 007
10 572
2 346
9 124
1 663
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
213 318
43 038 043
14 131
207 327
36 553 574
9 021
187 246
23 227 529
11 169
193 474
31 627 894
21 142
29 186
42 069 614
15 004
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
72
5 395
138
200
3 928
168
143
5 963
198
124
6 093
256
125
6 197
164
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
5 529
47 716
5 721
21 132
3 034
45 249
4 066
18 549
2 039
40 708
5 688
27 495
1 267
34 627
5 498
29 010
147
38 674
5 957
27 214
Carats
Carats
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
10 283 610
59 534 653
1 343 330
5 127 610
187 268 975
23 084
18 899
8 429
8 348 854
44 064 081
868 406
3 321 670
88 148 090
22 014
9 299
6 436
8 703 907
40 559 260
761 455
7 299 364
111 136 020
18 649
17 584
1 294
8 484 526
38 472 604
18 292 931
10 236 376
32 411 894
20 042
16 750
45 327
9 238 531
33 227 748
7 009 031
7 747 613
26 886 717
19 752
21 610
19 739
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
914 000
43 143
14 309
1 166 948
213 440
7 850
800 602
65 833
6 989
1 012 882
71 449
6 869
1 052 573
164 833
4 114
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
140 783
88 766
1 106 864
(a) 15 283 479
396 138
60 337
1 075 328
(a) 9 186 151
216 605
54 209
1 253 806
10 597 085
539 327
46 526
1 426 239
(a) 9 175 852
490 661
47 545
1 573 126
(a) 10 062 323
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
61 657
27 003
79 692
128
1 614
96 461
52 966
369
16 520
1 189
2 473
59 438
1 290
543
2 237
56 807
679 019
228 294
79 546
19 703
17 483
34 884
13
512
49 700
37 114
325
2 777
686
282
31 091
396
209
2 296
68 109
212 829
213 818
77 504
41 959
97 745
58 398
9
931
46 985
49 280
322
6 284
859
836
43 703
274
340
595
99 651
714 541
270 986
95 865
69 095
147 870
70 191
362
1 328
39 159
51 928
573
13 888
395
1 134
45 918
187
368
388
101 005
1 185 242
423 744
102 396
55 845
176 638
65 219
723
1 360
47 706
36 661
458
17 916
250
474
39 351
902
246
1 520
97 454
835 691
284 986
88 505
United Kingdom
Imports continued
Commodity
Units
Lead
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Unwrought, base bullion (b)
tonnes
Unwrought, other
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Lithium
Oxides
tonnes
Carbonate
tonnes
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
tonnes
Magnesia
tonnes
Manganese
Ores and concentrates (c)
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Mercury
kilograms
Mica
Unmanufactured
tonnes
Ground
tonnes
Waste
tonnes
Molybdenum
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Nepheline syenite
tonnes
Nickel
Mattes, sinters etc
tonnes
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas (d)
tonnes
Perlite
tonnes
Phosphate rock
tonnes
Platinum metals
Platinum
kilograms
Palladium
kilograms
Other Platinum metals
kilograms
Waste and scrap
kilograms
Potash
Sulphate
tonnes
Chloride
tonnes
Other potassic fertilisers
tonnes
Rare earths
Metals
tonnes
Cerium compounds
tonnes
Other rare earth compounds
tonnes
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys tonnes
Salt
tonnes
Sillimanite minerals
Sillimanite minerals
tonnes
Mullite
tonnes
Silver
Ores and concentrates
kilograms
Metal
kilograms
Waste and scrap
kilograms
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
tonnes
Sulphur, crude
tonnes
Sulphur, refined
tonnes
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
tonnes
Talc
tonnes
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
tonnes
Niobium (e)
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
116
194 113
19 569
19 924
4 621
24
130 312
15 479
1 798
4 962
23
151 653
14 359
787
8 858
47
127 691
18 601
1 287
4 792
121
168 669
19 606
1 331
3 317
466
536
914
622
218
427
215
376
119
344
7 016
59 300
3 567
43 873
8 640
49 076
7 903
52 263
5 059
70 330
4 133
8 773
2 387
941
4 123
1 121
1 517
6 619
22 065
1 656
5 444
425
1 597
3 721
21 138
377
7 061
2 030
328
6 396
49
43
7 341
902
243
7 926
0
407
9 203
—
15 130
2 102
1 433
44 275
9 007
707
510
32 462
12 581
1 099
1 638
39 092
15 844
1 415
2 316
35 573
16 041
1 487
1 971
30 744
63 553
241
16 888
3 210
13
10 291
52 103 843
33 996 147
45 064
28 971
25 929
150
8 003
3 596
1
9 593
50 656 965
38 563 499
36 315
5 600
50 263
16
14 200
3 310
6
8 154
50 447 008
49 981 718
58 456
9 873
58 519
1
12 707
4 644
5
6 741
53 647 056
49 695 891
98 437
15 885
57 108
—
11 521
4 771
6
9 237
56 471 508
46 000 857
66 298
15 314
29 943
32 806
5 409
1 416 905
30 339
36 652
6 713
1 100 117
58 659
73 184
9 487
819 769
46 092
42 167
7 768
1 556 736
54 073
59 803
4 374
2 163 943
15 157
165 331
11 919
15 766
80 842
10 422
15 766
270 096
10 565
13 232
153 141
2 373
10 795
161 388
7 899
133
2 067
251
57
237 288
99
612
103
148
410 434
119
1 119
322
150
1 288 253
79
1 713
629
79
1 814 865
65
485
518
14
418 028
11 920
6 488
7 763
5 255
7 419
8 276
12 485
3 491
10 562
4 588
8 332
3 943 638
4 222 712
1 106
6 649 190
3 311 165
9 737
3 278 015
4 137 096
1 209
3 686 011
13 713 610
6 287
8 525 994
5 946 307
704
64
9 574
1 186
53 864
104
74
6 211
473
39 520
2 581
274
10 201
767
50 309
1 734
590
10 391
691
53 339
168
1 125
8 670
698
57 751
161
154
145
98
284
104
176
176
144
130
141
United Kingdom
Imports continued
Commodity
Tin
Concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Titanium
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Titanium slag
Tungsten
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Carbide
Vanadium
Pentoxide
Metal
Zinc
Ores and concentrates (f)
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Zirconium
Concentrates
Metal
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
0
7 181
400
448
6
4 522
370
121
0
4 327
365
196
0
4 186
396
121
—
3 850
1 113
147
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
194 756
32 305
58 747
158 195
112 091
23 178
53 864
127 224
90 622
20 681
59 460
187 913
32 127
69 844
62 311
...
117 860
33 943
63 058
—
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
11
1 865
1 023
35
1 477
614
2
1 676
1 111
25
1 999
3 622
3
1 888
1 245
tonnes
tonnes
344
314
84
112
5
197
17
376
21
261
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
257
119 911
8 524
103
119
84 594
1 869
344
574
97 066
2 973
447
426
85 516
9 306
339
178
77 847
8 917
412
tonnes
tonnes
13 092
521
6 386
203
8 450
411
14 709
616
8 928
482
Note(s)
(a) Including burnt pyrites
(b) Includes a substantial precious metal content, mainly silver
(c) Including manganiferous iron ore
(d) Tonnes of oil equivalent, converted from GWh using 85.985 GWh to 1 tonne of oil equivalent. Source: Department of Energy and Climate
Change
(e) Including rhenium
(f) Zinc and mixed zinc-lead concentrates
142
STATISTICAL INFORMATION BY COMMODITY
Aggregates
Primary aggregates
•
Primary aggregates are sand, gravel and crushed rock aggregates that are widely used in the construction industry. The trade data
presented here are for crushed rock combined with sand and gravel.
•
Aggregates data are very difficult to establish accurately. There are frequent inconsistencies in the way countries report aggregates
production and trade. Different definitions for similar materials are commonplace, and many countries do not require production to be
reported from quarries that have less than a certain number of employees.
•
Aggregates are used primarily by the construction industry to build and maintain the physical infrastructure on which everyone
depends: houses, offices, roads, schools, hospitals, railways, shops, flood defences, etc. Aggregates are either used directly, for
example for drainage or fill purposes, or are used to manufacture concrete and asphalt.
EU35 Production of aggregates 2012
United Kingdom 6.6%
Switzerland 2.0%
Sweden 3.3%
Austria 2.5%
Belgium 2.8%
Czech Republic 2.2%
Denmark 1.7%
Finland 3.8%
Spain 5.8%
Portugal 2.3%
France 14.6%
Poland 9.1%
Others 8.8%
Germany 19.4%
Norway 3.6%
Netherlands 3.1%
Italy 8.6%
Production of primary aggregates (sand and gravel and crushed rock)
Country
Austria
Sand and gravel (a)
Crushed rock (a)
Belgium
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Bulgaria
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Croatia
Sand and gravel
Cyprus
Crushed rock
Czech Republic
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Denmark
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Estonia
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
144
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
32 440 624
33 867 686
30 238 150
29 784 794
30 182 855
24 399 380
35 507 353
26 866 150
31 285 739
26 348 996
* 11 000 000
* 42 000 000
* 16 000 000
* 43 000 000
* 14 000 000
* 44 000 000
* 15 000 000
* 49 000 000
* 15 000 000
* 50 000 000
19 697 937
21 094 047
12 882 651
15 667 880
5 199 000
16 876 900
10 054 205
17 979 678
9 293 819
18 281 353
7 275 077
6 583 880
3 646 572
5 012 106
3 760 275
14 174 480
11 467 987
12 981 444
11 816 397
7 308 056
27 306 000
44 277 000
23 974 000
41 307 000
19 240 000
37 270 000
21 424 000
36 717 000
18 785 000
32 535 000
53 318 000
320 000
36 240 000
260 000
33 978 000
240 000
42 878 000
337 000
39 332 000
293 000
3 635 700
7 945 900
3 911 980
6 034 500
3 469 220
5 849 600
3 568 680
5 919 500
3 941 800
6 063 700
Aggregates
tonnes
Production continued
Country
Finland
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
France
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Germany
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Greece
Hungary
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Ireland, Republic of
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Italy
Sand and gravel (a)
Crushed rock (a)
Latvia
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Lithuania
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Montenegro
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Netherlands
Sand and gravel
Norway
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Poland
Sand and gravel (b)
Crushed rock
Portugal
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Romania
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Slovakia
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Slovenia
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Spain
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Sweden
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Switzerland
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
53 000 000
60 000 000
37 000 000
47 000 000
36 000 000
48 000 000
36 000 000
53 000 000
34 000 000
54 000 000
171 610 000
236 770 000
146 290 000
209 440 000
141 290 000
201 860 000
148 680 000
204 980 000
138 280 000
196 600 000
260 000 000
215 000 000
* 85 000 000
245 000 000
217 000 000
* 65 000 000
239 000 000
208 000 000
* 41 000 000
252 000 000
229 000 000
* 33 000 000
235 300 000
211 000 000
* 25 000 000
36 647 400
17 030 760
35 591 131
15 808 088
25 059 000
11 390 100
23 361 598
9 128 819
* 23 000 000
* 9 000 000
* 25 000 000
* 60 000 000
* 15 000 000
* 50 000 000
10 000 000
40 000 000
7 000 000
25 000 000
7 000 000
22 000 000
174 779 712
91 373 378
164 218 753
84 717 579
150 996 352
80 336 696
164 844 967
76 793 269
123 049 565
74 169 360
8 905 937
1 413 395
6 520 363
818 390
6 016 126
1 375 197
7 855 125
2 050 976
8 257 763
2 072 775
9 469 411
6 913 160
5 029 476
2 849 122
5 655 401
3 281 330
5 776 850
4 456 089
5 081 166
3 244 314
234 210
462 331
183 235
186 221
255 678
265 066
133 947
167 405
201 896
112 630
70 409 000
63 350 000
56 865 000
71 320 000
* 71 000 000
14 817 000
52 338 000
13 047 000
51 378 000
13 011 000
54 134 000
13 215 000
63 855 000
14 262 000
67 670 000
* 149 312 000
49 475 400
* 141 114 000
58 245 900
* 157 236 000
62 886 200
* 176 000 000
88 696 900
* 145 000 000
64 859 600
10 182 146
58 431 483
9 190 603
56 337 535
8 650 274
50 622 585
7 664 172
* 48 473 258
* 7 000 000
* 45 000 000
31 377 110
4 635 010
23 199 337
4 835 584
22 085 231
3 774 309
25 319 433
6 189 078
21 068 344
5 593 429
7 517 655
16 345 800
6 919 826
15 233 400
6 931 873
14 909 400
6 020 641
9 855 157
3 794 873
8 064 817
4 506 076
14 982 560
3 001 291
13 609 728
2 422 771
12 072 532
1 899 770
9 626 791
1 707 455
7 557 431
118 000 000
214 000 000
96 000 000
160 000 000
72 000 000
170 000 000
59 000 000
144 000 000
* 40 000 000
* 94 000 000
18 804 343
66 757 671
14 400 000
57 500 000
* 17 000 000
* 57 000 000
* 17 000 000
* 58 000 000
* 17 000 000
* 58 000 000
* 37 000 000
* 5 000 000
* 37 000 000
* 5 000 000
* 40 000 000
* 5 000 000
* 40 000 000
* 5 000 000
40 000 000
* 5 000 000
145
Aggregates
Production continued
tonnes
Country
United Kingdom
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock (c)
EU35 Total
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
85 473 000
127 996 000
66 226 000
104 626 000
61 700 000
94 203 000
63 113 000
102 828 000
56 593 000
94 785 000
2 989 000 000
2 625 000 000
2 484 000 000
2 582 000 000
2 305 000 000
Note(s)
(1) So far as possible, these production statistics include construction sand; gravel, pebbles, shingle and flint; crushed stone used for
concrete aggregates, roadstone and other construction uses; granules, chippings and powders. Listed under Prodcom codes 0812
1190, 0812 1210, 0812 1230, 0812 1250 and 0812 1290
(2) Where official sources show more than one series for aggregates the higher series has generally been used in this compilation
(3) Where marine sands and gravels have been identified, these are included
(4) Information may be incomplete or absent due to reporting methods, confidentiality or lack of available information. All EU35 countries
produce sand and gravel and crushed rock
(5) Production from many small operations are not officially compiled. The minimum number of employees for which establishments are
required to report production varies between different countries and can also vary from year to year within a country
(6) Quantities of sand from sand and gravel operations may be discarded due to low demand. This may or may not be included in the
statistics
(a) Sales
(b) Includes an estimate for small producers
(c) Includes small quantities for other purposes in Northern Ireland
EU35 Production of aggregates 2008 - 12
3 500
3 000
Million tonnes
2 500
2 000
1 500
1 000
500
0
2008
146 2009
2010
2011
2012
Aggregates
Exports of primary aggregates (sand and gravel and crushed rock)
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia (a)
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
3 130 358
15 097 819
268 120
2 950 159
124 576
699 987
846 490
701 067
850 685
8 565 175
29 470 321
50 453
1 382 695
41 024
255 295
1 522 229
54 321
943 673
451 026
151 614
9 339 355
16 683 638
1 237 976
44 174
60 190
323 034
* 1 388 000
402 033
1 478 362
3 049 601
202 846
1 183 150
13 008 608
2 634 211
13 354 957
76 129
3 087 216
38 469
597 101
955 036
503 048
645 609
7 586 323
27 973 749
59 216
1 294 700
29 712
40 626
1 308 016
121 260
163 850
132 842
127 600
7 140 000
13 843 722
902 193
101 421
160 241
334 517
* 768 000
451 012
1 060 445
1 867 320
194 006
908 010
10 714 861
2 828 621
12 427 043
262 166
1 858 348
—
683 786
907 149
810 298
1 396 025
8 142 237
25 337 558
60 851
1 191 521
44 512
13 318
1 507 704
101 406
57 255
160 773
112 522
9 311 275
16 877 617
1 031 013
67 505
360 161
127 309
* 598 000
488 256
1 153 923
2 248 515
193 312
955 765
10 992 431
2 646 753
13 083 592
325 857
992 712
2
1 010 339
961 853
745 353
2 020 822
7 226 413
29 162 240
76 495
1 137 425
85 854
16 005
1 071 579
59 930
139 291
161 019
32 451
15 472 833
20 858 955
1 058 307
120 946
255 970
497 637
* 615 008
426 686
1 306 103
1 624 154
188 183
1 237 704
10 800 338
2 387 082
12 886 680
513 135
586 991
78
645 164
1 224 741
689 854
953 926
7 769 899
25 160 776
118 173
1 003 456
92 094
88 530
1 073 466
19 683
118 463
165 025
15 527
15 140 085
19 761 572
962 169
71 399
438 328
485 266
* 525 000
406 872
1 026 358
1 602 379
274 029
1 299 391
8 823 773
Note(s)
(1) The figures in this table include construction sands; pebbles, gravel shingle, flint; crushed rock; granules, chippings and powders
covered by Harmonised System codes 2505.90, 2517.10, 2517.41 and 2517.49
(2) Exports include marine dredged sand and gravel landed at foreign ports
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Imports of primary aggregates (sand and gravel and crushed rock)
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
3 447 013
25 172 064
41 256
4 618 579
28 990
333 726
3 346 209
988 981
280 600
11 214 300
13 369 162
425 485
806 281
30 405
1 368 008
4 139 144
2 033 701
1 301 091
1 370 991
2 924 359
22 175 332
22 189
1 871 236
11 564
398 613
2 932 586
1 006 376
330 108
10 907 837
12 866 444
177 887
446 187
4 846
781 470
3 654 570
565 877
695 973
1 757 604
2 284 169
22 484 726
14 843
926 574
2 648
353 419
2 777 604
1 395 122
284 066
9 838 820
11 936 108
13 538
473 730
6 492
652 594
3 057 378
467 414
849 462
2 097 069
2 184 095
23 911 051
15 075
1 366 197
1 517
357 455
3 531 658
1 302 589
52 920
11 224 302
13 786 596
16 892
369 445
7 524
695 162
2 135 306
611 872
1 046 066
2 211 572
2 521 253
22 934 219
18 661
1 689 891
16 792
352 553
3 934 656
1 215 348
96 804
10 814 082
11 636 491
4 102
515 141
32 327
817 052
966 588
895 335
991 388
2 036 554
147
Aggregates
Imports continued
tonnes
Country
Macedonia
Malta
Montenegro
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
1 163
25 817
74 112
26 922 364
80 161
5 868 908
194 088
351 123
17 616
755 496
1 424 240
1 035 555
864 988
7 256 472
4 590
2 631 986
894
47 363
44 639
* 25 007 000
66 884
5 349 230
175 576
205 133
12 664
692 609
1 165 083
889 156
355 022
7 246 506
3 636
2 054 272
1 029
37 324
26 703
26 065 573
82 706
5 014 564
224 514
248 484
15 910
666 380
771 814
982 128
533 148
8 010 059
9 372
2 239 950
1 180
28 813
12 574
28 239 777
98 721
9 022 494
255 625
370 249
8 759
527 259
486 627
677 289
802 173
8 566 572
3 487
2 062 760
3 403
38 373
4 709
23 457 644
107 087
5 766 695
242 987
512 538
9 907
419 992
461 601
618 871
944 006
8 611 775
7 129
1 792 148
Note(s)
(1) The figures in this table include construction sands; pebbles, gravel shingle, flint; crushed rock; granules, chippings and powders
covered by Harmonised System codes 2505.90, 2517.10, 2517.41 and 2517.49
Aggregates - EU35 trade in 2012
Netherlands
Belgium
Germany
France
Switzerland
Poland
Denmark
Austria
Luxembourg
United Kingdom
Croatia
Estonia
Lithuania
Italy
Sweden
Latvia
Ireland, Republic of
Exports
Spain
Hungary
Romania
Imports
Slovenia
Slovakia
Czech Republic
Portugal
Norway
Finland
Iceland
Bulgaria
Serbia
Turkey
-30
-20
-10
0
Million tonnes
148
10
20
30
Aluminium and Bauxite
Bauxite
•
Bauxite is the only source of aluminium that is currently mined and it is formed by deep chemical weathering of rocks in tropical to subtropical climates.
•
The chief use of bauxite is as a raw material for the production of alumina (aluminium oxide) the majority of which is converted to
aluminium metal by electrolysis. Approximately ten per cent of bauxite is non-metallurgical grade and most of this is calcined for use in
the abrasive or refractory markets.
•
Australia was the world’s largest producer in 2012, with 31 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was China (16 per
cent), followed by Brazil (14 per cent), Indonesia (12 per cent) and Guinea (seven per cent).
EU35 Production of bauxite 2012
Hungary 9.3%
Turkey 21.9%
Rest of World 98.9%
EU35 1.1%
France 2.5%
Greece 66.3%
Production of bauxite
tonnes
Country
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
France
Greece
Hungary
Montenegro
Turkey
101 700
2 174 000
511 337
671 811
818 928
129 700
1 935 000
317 000
45 779
406 700
93 100
1 902 000
365 000
61 205
855 000
80 800
2 324 000
277 800
158 614
* 600 000
69 500
1 816 000
255 000
—
* 600 000
EU35 Total
4 278 000
2 834 000
3 276 000
3 441 000
2 741 000
Note(s)
(1) This table includes production of refractory bauxite
EU35 Production of bauxite 2008 - 12
4 500
4 000
Thousand tonnes
3 500
3 000
2 500
2 000
1 500
1 000
500
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
149
Aluminium and Bauxite
Alumina
•
Alumina (aluminium oxide) is an intermediate product in the manufacture of aluminium metal from raw bauxite ore. Alumina hydrate is
a form of alumina containing combined water and is used in the paper, petroleum, paint and other industries.
•
China was the world’s largest producer of alumina in 2012, with 39 per cent of the total world output. Australia was the second largest
(22 per cent) followed by Brazil (11 per cent), USA and India (with five per cent each).
EU35 Production of alumina 2012
Romania 7.3%
Spain 19.5%
Rest of World 94.1%
Ireland 34.1%
EU35 5.9%
Turkey 1.8%
France 7.6%
Hungary 3.0%
Greece 9.0%
Germany 17.7%
Production of alumina
tonnes (Al2O3 content)
Country
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Montenegro
Romania
Spain
Turkey
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
630 000
* 1 000 000
524 875
* 299 000
1 890 000
1 045 000
220 426
344
1 300 000
* 160 000
348 000
* 1 000 000
517 400
* 185 000
1 240 000
92 000
58 528
44 000
* 1 300 000
* 100 000
481 000
* 1 000 000
510 250
* 214 000
1 864 000
—
—
414 000
* 1 300 000
* 160 000
470 000
* 1 000 000
526 305
* 250 000
1 922 000
—
—
484 000
* 1 300 000
* 100 000
430 000
* 1 000 000
509 600
* 170 000
1 924 000
—
—
414 000
* 1 100 000
* 100 000
7 070 000
4 885 000
5 943 000
6 052 000
5 648 000
EU35 Total
Note(s)
(1) Where possible, figures in this table show the alumina equivalent (Al2O3) of total hydrate produced, whether or not calcined
(2) The figures in this table represent alumina produced from bauxite. Alumina-rich materials can also be derived from salt slags formed
during the production of secondary aluminium
EU35 Production of alumina 2008 - 12
8 000
Thousand tonnes
Al2O3 content
7 000
6 000
5 000
4 000
3 000
2 000
1 000
0
2008
150
2009
2010
2011
2012
Aluminium and Bauxite
Aluminium metal
•
Aluminium is a strong, lightweight metallic element that has many applications. The chief uses are in transportation, packaging and
construction.
•
China was the world’s largest producer in 2012, with 43 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Russia (nine per
cent), followed by Canada (six per cent), USA and Norway (with four per cent each).
EU35 Production of primary aluminium 2012
Others 4.9%
Romania 4.8%
Rest of World 89.1%
Norway 38.8%
Slovakia 3.1%
Spain 6.2%
EU35 10.9%
Sweden 2.5%
Netherlands 3.9%
France 6.8%
Italy 1.9%
Germany 8.0%
Iceland 15.7%
Greece 3.2%
Production of primary aluminium
Country
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
France
Germany
Greece
Iceland
Italy
Montenegro
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
389 000
605 880
162 339
761 204
186 400
111 513
317 000
1 368 000
31 000
288 156
162 995
83 300
405 800
81 913
61 100
326 900
345 000
291 750
134 737
804 605
165 800
63 960
165 000
1 090 000
—
228 630
149 604
35 148
334 600
69 708
30 000
252 000
356 000
402 480
137 000
825 803
129 500
82 043
217 000
1 400 000
—
241 000
163 000
40 177
335 000
93 000
54 100
186 000
334 000
432 472
165 150
780 853
141 900
92 838
* 200 000
1 982 000
—
261 000
162 840
75 300
365 000
111 000
56 400
213 000
349 000
410 430
165 000
802 827
99 600
74 813
* 200 000
1 985 000
—
248 000
160 662
74 400
* 320 000
129 000
43 700
60 000
EU35 Total
5 343 000
4 161 000
4 662 000
5 374 000
5 122 000
Note(s)
(1) The figures in this table are for primary aluminium only. Aluminium can also be produced from secondary sources and may be
recovered from salt slags
151
Aluminium and Bauxite
EU35 Production of primary aluminium 2008 - 12
6 000
Thousand tonnes
5 000
4 000
3 000
2 000
1 000
0
2008
2009
2011
2010
2012
Exports of bauxite, alumina and aluminium
Country
Austria
Bauxite
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Belgium
Bauxite
Alumina
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Bulgaria
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Croatia
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Cyprus
Scrap
Czech Republic
Alumina
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Denmark
Bauxite
Alumina
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Estonia
Bauxite
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Finland
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
France
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
152
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
1 202
4 120
109 757
90 825
546
2 332
98 966
118 028
1
3 236
151 559
122 057
897
2 344
209 748
105 138
11 944
2 465
211 491
128 589
53 444
4 858
160 684
32 273
179 137
44 530
5 666
121 708
22 665
219 846
48 683
7 516
257 888
14 204
274 819
37 533
21 284
150 542
30 285
321 484
36 651
5 218
95 405
61 019
311 716
8 931
18 478
2 775
20 577
6 798
31 728
7 555
26 302
5 866
25 579
194
194
17 769
124
124
15 779
2 338
1 017
22 346
2 674
2 055
23 009
2 161
2 114
23 867
4 409
5 934
6 896
6 310
7 688
197
53 682
59 196
3 069
59 913
49 251
3 861
51 307
71 467
3 659
53 600
89 690
4 065
61 017
85 939
69
5 300
32 499
56 727
1 568
4 002
7 505
70 649
3 279
4 661
9 515
73 402
6 769
4 958
7 382
67 000
9 432
5 879
7 440
73 392
42
27 839
19 895
80
8 357
6 958
...
4 132
65 948
29 492
52
63 880
23 317
1 220
11 342
14 239
37 345
8 939
34 910
15 346
33 304
11 289
38 862
14 185
43 221
12 295
319 388
130 881
46 364
139 176
344 436
9 296
178 570
100 293
91 682
125 580
345 372
12 116
270 769
131 035
51 275
166 807
405 847
13 594
281 634
83 054
71 970
130 384
425 541
11 975
309 291
139 311
45 172
127 551
423 298
Aluminium and Bauxite
Exports continued
Country
Germany
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Greece
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Hungary
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Iceland
Unwrought
Scrap
Ireland, Republic of
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Italy
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Latvia
Alumina
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Lithuania
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Luxembourg
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Macedonia
Scrap
Malta
Scrap
Montenegro
Bauxite
Unwrought
Scrap
Netherlands
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Norway
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Poland
Bauxite
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
33 636
305 514
634 635
75 386
359 628
702 739
16 591
382 750
461 601
67 356
288 023
753 218
26 178
424 236
551 817
111 815
361 396
823 810
26 306
372 191
485 074
83 675
374 917
947 252
34 814
369 337
455 157
42 580
361 850
968 539
787 160
412 385
29 552
26 083
64 998
13 261
409 508
412 888
74 996
17 533
57 668
14 681
436 513
224 607
99 574
20 727
68 924
32 250
519 999
202 986
102 136
19 668
103 326
27 738
437 305
320 795
110 605
5 925
102 092
20 367
168 347
102 652
10 981
22 098
89 857
88 515
26 176
35 060
112 819
92 011
41 719
51 508
107 937
71 834
38 819
66 599
99 699
64 000
36 491
68 156
760 764
12 483
805 450
4 467
812 981
10 136
765 999
6 397
787 071
3 799
1 709 302
88 039
3 711
21 041
895 034
95 548
2 455
18 257
1 542 563
124 803
2 576
22 810
1 794 148
103 631
3 109
29 261
1 616 065
30 328
2 684
24 137
26 718
571 090
35 538
18 249
96 798
56 214
4 585
61 223
1 243
30 019
122 294
82 055
66 218
17 056
4 346
49 442
220 237
107 131
46 330
16 821
7 023
25 882
286 525
102 696
93 847
3 424
6 448
30 378
311 381
103 518
...
17 012
4 203
203
11 772
4 419
140
14 493
5 461
64 225
21 793
4 414
115 744
18 481
4 876
3 994
5 280
2 614
4 796
7 754
5 298
7 534
8 952
6 363
10 306
143 237
11 164
85 636
3 785
157 473
6 034
151 330
6 051
145 882
6 902
2 043
1 514
2 351
2 432
2 724
1 441
1 361
1 865
1 788
2 058
101 182
(a) 92 372
2 692
17 122
(a) 82 877
1 570
85 623
(a) 76 891
2 045
127 268
108 813
2 357
26 354
75 180
2 356
129 186
257 169
85 713
332 871
361 012
264 142
* 59 000
62 131
65 279
218 141
191 239
200 650
26 997
8 665
76 244
424 733
320 263
317 038
12 739
43 695
89 612
390 062
246 826
322 834
19 133
9 831
128 448
371 106
203 792
372 917
105 729
1 484 854
41 476
106 593
1 249 830
80 729
74 941
1 420 662
77 216
58 478
1 370 411
88 312
66 997
1 287 135
76 950
536
82 242
123 468
833
66 065
102 757
448
103 803
123 503
8 546
111 421
130 472
—
118 356
155 032
153
Aluminium and Bauxite
Exports continued
Country
Portugal
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Romania
Bauxite
Alumina
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Serbia
Unwrought
Scrap
Slovakia
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Slovenia
Bauxite
Alumina
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Spain
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Sweden
Alumina
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Switzerland
Alumina
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Turkey
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
United Kingdom
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate (b)
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
127 150
40 020
90 869
32 481
102 856
51 888
59 056
45 775
40 526
52 782
526
0
61 638
6 690
16 021
161
99
50 496
5 898
20 775
1 513
25 559
10 312
51 556
17 733
2 318
38 406
14 004
70 697
12 801
5 274
29 070
6 074
83 687
14 200
13 213
11 342
7 387
10 972
17 602
13 574
15 353
22 248
10 130
20 752
44 845
129 771
10 109
77 013
110 484
9 441
44 989
111 769
10 260
40 011
118 485
14 044
576
80 141
18 207
450
258 238
88 038
26 863
2 537
242 215
61 800
23 382
6 665
239 729
78 619
33 972
5 738
161 747
95 251
39 961
1 576
203 376
94 531
52 712
5 623
671 009
236 855
39 359
123 577
109 493
4 951
612 933
163 303
19 816
230 539
46 307
3 628
299 703
126 398
26 693
148 884
66 976
2 038
391 516
186 543
19 248
175 112
51 518
1 676
426 925
282 062
29 433
181 026
90 881
13 919
6 307
89 190
106 581
14 464
2 143
145 554
89 940
19 037
195
190 394
88 070
13 870
735
182 946
95 632
10 401
873
188 063
108 353
5 767
9 938
125 769
1 240
14 444
116 520
854
20 954
131 819
341
23 397
138 643
538
23 439
141 836
262 708
25 276
93 639
50 056
10 827
16 218
103 317
1 890
75 837
26 337
9 368
14 483
331 458
190 094
2 910
42 090
36 994
14 291
158 232
96
21 172
4 868
38 640
12 020
166 744
—
—
—
36 106
9 905
6 121
9 517
* 5 300
20 690
265 018
872 988
3 873
16 810
* 4 400
17 688
305 849
422 574
3 140
5 879
* 2 100
43 665
364 612
443 466
5 936
5 114
* 2 600
49 959
356 170
440 399
2 929
3 590
* 10 700
9 597
279 263
445 730
Note(s)
(1) Except where alumina hydrate is separately specified, national trade figures for alumina can be considered as inclusive of hydrate
(2) In this table the term 'unwrought' aluminium corresponds to item 7601 of the Harmonised System and comprises ingots, blocks,
unwrought bars, etc.
(3) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under iron, steel and ferro-alloys
(a) Including alloys
(b) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
154
Aluminium and Bauxite
Imports of bauxite, alumina and aluminium
Country
Austria
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Belgium
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Bulgaria
Alumina
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Croatia
Bauxite
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Cyprus
Unwrought (a)
Czech Republic
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Denmark
Bauxite
Alumina
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Estonia
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Finland
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
France
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Germany
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
21 727
55 639
20 205
154 792
218 902
170 315
2 370
27 193
13 219
103 145
175 583
168 055
8 489
47 681
12 914
177 751
239 493
268 845
7 842
53 232
12 821
197 795
280 502
282 707
6 169
40 520
14 603
131 764
314 594
304 272
88 892
13 959
34 834
319 471
236 550
196 947
40 837
7 265
29 635
322 792
126 490
204 621
75 600
19 028
34 978
517 946
193 103
228 517
52 727
20 406
52 806
412 600
218 350
257 366
41 111
25 501
36 956
400 947
159 147
249 187
1 370
42 738
18 557
4 028
1 859
39 759
16 050
3 014
2 887
44 468
27 444
6 897
1 875
43 192
35 685
4 625
3 429
43 405
42 685
1 582
107 237
57 828
20 786
72 103
37 828
28 251
85 634
50 354
29 270
66 169
45 493
40 783
67 410
54 040
31 807
13 413
8 761
9 225
7 104
6 458
17 698
28 245
6 916
68 362
124 643
58 424
9 857
5 995
6 672
62 972
108 231
50 379
33 794
7 407
9 547
76 945
135 648
61 802
32 556
7 980
10 052
84 560
153 819
86 969
27 514
7 682
8 851
77 128
141 484
103 385
7 317
27 582
85 420
70 726
8 108
21 968
61 259
5 321
8 364
22 484
79 479
5 175
9 112
21 012
86 057
5 891
7 515
25 210
77 796
5 267
26 545
485
5 956
535
3 176
4 495
2 231
2 488
2 811
488
10 461
2 350
22 243
1 332
41 635
21 978
1 584
1 733
20 614
1 204
29 303
10 998
9 294
2 401
29 607
2 008
37 539
15 466
3 036
2 422
25 676
2 070
37 589
15 803
1 328
2 479
22 996
1 596
32 897
14 080
1 788 358
722 371
51 289
113 771
396 382
197 876
1 024 569
849 798
46 113
87 130
311 287
216 872
984 804
734 935
47 336
103 937
364 962
260 871
1 577 328
619 175
47 510
152 348
387 038
292 597
1 443 488
734 773
43 650
134 309
277 335
267 325
2 995 241
1 017 746
241 736
693 075
1 370 179
543 839
2 069 109
518 456
168 216
495 511
1 157 271
362 582
2 005 053
661 379
260 488
799 780
1 591 991
479 413
2 436 413
654 946
176 692
768 797
1 810 035
535 304
2 777 032
476 257
196 301
732 599
1 750 733
575 925
155
Aluminium and Bauxite
Imports continued
Country
Greece
Bauxite
Alumina
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Hungary
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Iceland
Alumina
Unwrought
Ireland, Republic of
Bauxite
Alumina
Italy
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Latvia
Scrap
Lithuania
Bauxite
Alumina
Scrap
Luxembourg
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Macedonia
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Montenegro
Alumina
Netherlands
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Norway
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Poland
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
156
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
226 374
38 828
129 407
63 670
28 960
351 677
963
110 311
32 252
17 339
314 423
1 546
153 771
66 134
43 866
288 647
1 346
126 051
59 931
95 166
90 804
1 822
119 587
51 875
54 011
297 832
8 997
508
122 319
107 123
56 347
178 031
9 246
3 352
100 897
79 437
30 212
244 095
22 660
6 856
146 221
165 833
43 720
254 039
36 305
9 123
135 392
190 175
59 661
142 246
42 371
7 382
129 030
181 695
47 904
1 620 531
439
1 557 309
(a) 1 461
1 612 188
6 127
1 539 080
5 560
1 590 521
(a) 1 356
3 009 615
9 579
2 786 723
4 711
4 111 457
4 903
4 215 019
4 378
4 169 784
9 679
2 417 499
144 473
143 217
445 882
436 207
377 441
36 975
88 864
142 005
284 779
310 560
268 836
62 666
252 028
198 253
432 393
488 002
372 686
45 146
406 774
205 274
482 850
563 882
461 302
55 504
292 537
180 778
355 557
489 373
444 544
7 677
5 974
7 828
10 381
10 956
...
10 282
1 887
6 923
1 815
888
4 348
16 411
2 460
...
26 876
6 014
—
23 690
3 238
52 669
9 320
123 407
33 315
4 480
48 091
62 504
7 362
128 632
51 627
5 586
121 295
44 826
8 278
161 015
3 446
485
2 164
1 341
2 839
1 554
2 642
1 842
2 785
1 073
7
55 777
157 753
185 103
139 940
182 711
689 724
178 940
248 386
479 786
210 203
68 038
153 891
52 798
134 950
284 410
88 053
113 499
692 413
167 596
384 724
462 371
184 066
113 653
955 665
246 013
424 915
537 289
241 081
108 492
626 715
243 186
487 639
464 926
270 014
10 232
2 753 105
50 401
381 638
58 995
37 386
15 444
2 069 424
45 252
240 409
95 120
26 598
8 645
2 144 519
35 379
512 340
68 086
38 039
459
2 185 976
53 224
450 432
27 867
42 078
746
2 191 352
50 386
298 464
41 031
31 750
59 907
126 143
25 334
71 563
195 072
67 176
49 033
27 626
23 083
67 561
144 983
67 408
48 664
29 920
31 406
125 567
192 393
84 622
45 672
34 691
26 536
125 147
232 859
98 484
51 430
35 709
25 912
112 325
245 491
108 168
Aluminium and Bauxite
Imports continued
Country
Portugal
Alumina
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Romania
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Serbia
Bauxite
Alumina
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Slovakia
Bauxite
Alumina
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Slovenia
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Spain
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Sweden
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Switzerland
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Turkey
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
9 750
17 732
214 614
2 409
13 742
15 200
149 759
15 819
14 862
20 152
170 057
10 183
8 762
18 744
113 150
5 305
8 863
17 371
96 190
7 409
45 527
487 304
17 822
254
16 162
598
104 404
353 846
7 996
1 023
16 360
3 838
1 277 587
1 928
10 412
2 163
33 711
83 381
1 271 274
15 037
5 768
3 024
24 287
62 768
1 297 303
2 554
2 841
2 751
26 311
66 878
9 776
3 075
54 765
18 753
5 399
4 773
2 668
36 626
12 913
4 411
10 972
3 682
54 512
13 600
8 404
7 800
2 673
51 717
15 834
6 870
5 979
3 092
51 578
14 446
7 209
5 778
311 891
41 681
4 638
5 443
288 753
27 853
1 760
4 233
270 786
42 273
2 098
6 136
232 187
44 357
3 181
6 087
183 051
39 235
3 667
40 006
438 579
27 121
67 405
50 389
51 319
13 966
302 520
20 629
62 162
34 530
37 677
41 846
328 453
27 252
87 848
65 950
51 159
42 555
322 872
26 173
65 523
71 318
52 860
22 700
381 845
15 753
66 209
66 410
60 468
3 618 306
50 417
41 614
82 512
281 270
110 745
3 509 294
22 239
30 522
95 461
162 026
63 517
3 325 099
31 527
29 317
119 589
229 036
111 942
3 080 295
61 184
22 917
110 612
219 925
125 190
3 693 740
28 910
16 162
107 320
207 511
155 371
18 761
161 638
95 834
47 534
144 343
40 125
10 755
109 806
81 026
39 248
124 277
30 093
6 660
211 393
95 073
35 506
188 198
48 508
10 460
266 978
77 121
22 371
175 194
47 458
12 271
258 634
64 907
26 948
125 377
49 270
12 439
11 036
17 235
127 018
62 962
31 728
8 360
9 074
15 269
108 096
50 341
23 195
6 718
10 662
20 697
148 099
84 113
33 341
11 898
9 957
19 131
166 853
70 200
36 829
10 924
8 625
17 473
159 296
59 087
43 797
39 256
18 232
21 275
327 525
270 871
16 868
17 350
10 394
15 269
358 748
201 124
14 215
35 652
15 772
27 721
460 915
281 588
24 952
36 358
15 434
35 739
553 191
332 228
25 107
28 947
14 740
41 275
576 670
356 862
20 811
157
Aluminium and Bauxite
Imports continued
tonnes
Country
United Kingdom
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
57 971
705 033
110 503
160 797
93 210
145 819
37 461
352 250
98 516
304 621
43 601
117 651
41 650
229 158
87 278
138 975
62 686
126 584
41 497
110 265
90 065
201 428
62 784
109 122
33 925
56 724
72 468
144 629
64 561
106 654
Note(s)
(1) Except where alumina hydrate is separately specified, national trade figures for alumina can be considered as inclusive of hydrate
(2) In this table the term 'unwrought' aluminium corresponds to item 7601 of the Harmonised System and comprises ingots, blocks,
unwrought bars, etc.
(3) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under iron, steel and ferro-alloys
(a) Including alloys
Bauxite - EU35 trade in 2012
Ireland, Republic of
Spain
Germany
France
Romania
Hungary
Netherlands
Greece
Croatia
Italy
Poland
Belgium
United Kingdom
Exports
Turkey
Czech Republic
Imports
Slovenia
Sweden
Switzerland
Denmark
Austria
Slovakia
Serbia
Montenegro
Estonia
-1,000
-500
0
500
Thousand tonnes
158
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
Aluminium and Bauxite
Alumina and alumina hydrate - EU35 trade in 2012
Norway
Iceland
Netherlands
France
Germany
Italy
Slovenia
Sweden
Exports
Slovakia
Montenegro
United Kingdom
Belgium
Poland
Turkey
Austria
Hungary
Spain
Switzerland
Imports
Finland
Denmark
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Ireland, Republic of
Romania
Greece
Latvia
-2,000
-1,500
-1,000
-500
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
Thousand tonnes
159
Aluminium and Bauxite
Aluminium metal - EU35 trade in 2012
Germany
Netherlands
Turkey
Italy
Belgium
Austria
France
Poland
Norway
Spain
Hungary
Czech Republic
Exports
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Greece
Sweden
Slovenia
Imports
Portugal
Bulgaria
Croatia
Denmark
Serbia
Luxembourg
Slovakia
Romania
Iceland
Montenegro
-2,000
-1,500
-1,000
-500
0
Thousand tonnes
160
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
Antimony
Antimony
•
Antimony is a toxic metallic element with several specialised uses. It is frequently alloyed with lead, where it greatly increases
hardness and strength. Antimony is also used in semi-conductors and its compounds form excellent flame-retardants in cable sheaths.
•
China was the largest mine producer of antimony in 2012, with 82 per cent of world production. The second largest was Tajikistan,
(with four per cent), followed by Russia (also with four per cent), Bolivia (three per cent) and South Africa (two per cent). Antimony is
also produced as a by-product of lead refining in many countries.
Mine production of antimony
Country
Turkey
tonnes (metal content)
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
* 1 300
* 1 300
* 1 300
* 1 300
* 1 300
Note(s)
(1) This table includes antimony content of antimonial lead alloys
(2) In addition, Hungary is believed to produce antimony
Exports of antimony
Country
Belgium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxide
Czech Republic
Oxide
Estonia
Metal
France
Metal
Oxide
Germany
Metal
Oxide
Greece
Metal
Italy
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxide
Netherlands
Metal
Oxide
Poland
Metal
Portugal
Metal
Spain
Metal
Oxide
Sweden
Metal
Turkey
Ores and concentrates
Metal
United Kingdom
Metal
Oxide
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
228
494
9 636
530
533
8 811
433
776
10 599
274
732
10 417
1 187
259
7 818
133
89
71
107
96
...
...
67
113
...
44
6 261
34
6 788
145
6 853
24
6 124
60
5 482
33
932
101
448
132
961
239
1 132
103
688
81
—
...
44
43
386
12
569
566
2
391
960
19
226
898
80
261
1 311
2
215
185
346
171
285
219
433
385
264
475
206
25
65
27
47
40
60
119
138
70
277
143
1 023
62
894
19
1 716
50
1 784
247
1 204
15
489
4
—
4
1 000
0
1 408
8
2 765
21
2 977
6
2 450
113
35
558
75
407
77
490
57
290
237
422
161
Antimony
Imports of antimony
Country
Austria
Metal
Oxide
Belgium
Metal
Oxide
Czech Republic
Metal
Oxide
Finland
Oxide
France
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxide
Germany
Metal
Oxide
Greece
Metal
Hungary
Oxide
Ireland, Republic of
Metal
Italy
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxide
Netherlands
Metal
Oxide
Norway
Oxide
Poland
Metal
Oxide
Portugal
Oxide
Romania
Metal
Oxide
Slovenia
Metal
Spain
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxide
Sweden
Metal
Oxide
Switzerland
Oxide
Turkey
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxide
United Kingdom
Metal
Oxide
162
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
63
245
64
192
37
249
214
204
267
156
8 837
801
7 511
624
10 280
904
9 451
831
7 195
1 822
131
521
55
209
75
379
64
356
31
411
160
101
116
80
104
37
9 078
1 923
26
7 682
1 277
101
9 068
1 577
74
7 413
2 854
0
6 502
1 677
700
8 672
552
5 072
494
7 986
456
6 949
376
6 013
63
85
74
84
47
144
173
156
148
173
2
2
64
—
—
1 171
300
6 168
935
198
4 602
1 378
233
5 460
1 169
298
4 227
1 474
132
3 538
234
51 439
150
2 257
314
57 454
208
26 729
586
18 315
371
200
264
193
211
52
1 086
71
1 034
47
1 044
68
1 026
62
949
161
146
240
184
239
30
153
36
87
61
88
43
120
9
163
71
50
36
150
25
154
1 987
899
55
1 478
493
103
2 642
516
29
2 450
494
10
1 553
720
166
293
58
203
17
219
10
227
13
194
1 328
793
1 108
1 131
583
...
346
522
0
369
588
82
219
885
121
245
739
0
256
705
98
2 454
88
1 548
45
2 598
121
1 785
237
1 750
Arsenic
Arsenic
•
Arsenic is a toxic semi-metallic element produced and traded chiefly as ‘white arsenic’ (arsenic trioxide). Its principal uses are as
compounds in wood preservatives and pesticides. Gallium arsenide is used in semi-conductors whilst arsenic metal has a number of
minor uses.
•
China was the largest producer of white arsenic in 2012 and is estimated to produce more than half of world output. Other significant
producers are Chile, Russia and Belgium.
Production of white arsenic
tonnes
Country
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Belgium
Portugal
* 1 000
* 15
* 1 000
* 15
* 1 000
* 15
* 1 000
* 15
* 1 000
* 15
Note(s)
(1) This table includes calculated trioxide equivalent of arsenic metal produced except where this would involve double counting
(2) In addition to the countries listed, Austria, Finland, Hungary, Spain and the United Kingdom are believed to produce arsenic
Exports of metallic arsenic
Country
Belgium
France
Germany
Netherlands
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
77
5
41
67
42
9
31
* 30
114
5
57
11
120
8
66
62
191
10
128
55
Note(s)
(1) This table does not purport to be comprehensive: data relating to arsenic are not fully recorded by many countries
Imports of metallic arsenic
Country
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Slovenia
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
65
12
25
8
...
9
95
43
8
42
—
192
71
52
17
11
0
4
...
11
...
45
* 45
20
3
48
74
60
114
3
0
17
69
33
—
19
2
42
*—
96
55
7
634
10
0
21
9
9
...
74
19
45
11
93
10
5
284
10
0
30
43
3
...
33
0
44
11
143
49
15
Note(s)
(1) This table does not purport to be comprehensive: data relating to arsenic are not fully recorded by many countries
163
Asbestos
Asbestos
•
Asbestos is a commercial term for six fibrous minerals of which chrysotile (white asbestos), the fibrous form of serpentine, is the only
form of asbestos now worked. Asbestos was once highly sought after because of its unique combination of properties:
-
•
non-combustibility
resistance to heat, friction, corrosion and acid/alkali attack
good thermal and sound insulation qualities
good dialectric properties
Airborne asbestos fibres are a serious hazard to health and virtually all industrial use of asbestos has now ceased in Europe. The
largest world producer is Russia with an estimated 50 per cent of the total world output, followed by China with 21 per cent. Other
significant producers are Brazil and Kazakhstan.
Production of asbestos
tonnes
Country
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Slovakia
200
—
—
—
—
Note(s)
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Romania is believed to produce asbestos
Production of Asbestos 2008 - 12
250
Tonnes
200
150
100
50
0
2008
2009
2011
2010
2012
Exports of unmanufactured asbestos
Country
Serbia
Switzerland
Turkey
164
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
15
120
685
62
30
—
1
42
3
306
17
1
...
10
—
Asbestos
Imports of unmanufactured asbestos
Country
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
6
120
54
...
48
...
...
585
166
34
36
—
0
35
...
—
0
42
72
—
22
—
0
—
0
19
88
37
...
...
64
—
...
14
554
1
...
...
76
—
Belgium
France
Germany
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Poland
Slovakia
Turkey
Asbestos - EU35 trade in 2012
Germany
Slovakia
France
Imports
Exports
Luxembourg
Switzerland
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Tonnes
165
Barytes
Barytes
•
Barytes (barium sulphate) is used in a variety of industries that utilise its properties of high specific gravity, softness, nonabrasiveness, chemical neutrality and brightness. About 84 per cent of barytes production is used in the manufacture and utilisation of
drilling fluids in oil and gas exploration.
•
China was the world’s largest producer in 2012, with 45 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was India (18 per cent),
followed by Morocco (ten per cent), USA (seven per cent) and Kazakhstan (six per cent).
EU35 Production of barytes 2012
Rest of World 96.3%
Turkey 70.1%
United Kingdom 8.4%
EU35 3.7%
Germany 14.6%
Italy 1.0%
Slovakia 5.9%
Production of barytes
Country
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Bulgaria
Germany
Italy
Poland
Portugal
Slovakia
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
40 100
78 941
* 5 000
308
171
20 000
11 100
150 000
43 000
14 300
45 606
* 3 500
—
1 078
30 000
5 212
213 187
36 000
500
55 887
* 3 500
—
15
17 000
2 050
225 000
34 099
200
55 342
* 3 500
—
—
13 000
—
225 000
31 000
—
52 030
* 3 500
—
—
21 000
—
250 000
30 000
EU35 Total
349 000
349 000
338 000
328 000
357 000
Note(s)
(1) This table may include small quantities of witherite
166
Barytes
EU35 Production of barytes 2008 - 12
400
Thousand tonnes
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Exports of barytes
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
France (a)
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Romania
Slovakia
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom (b)
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2 440
1 381
46 907
* 10 000
38 111
1 238
58 740
5 608
...
685
33 676
123 485
9 976
1 276
2 638
14 326
* 11 500
45 360
2 890
121 567
4 069
1 812
6 309
29 776
121 744
13 095
345
3 216
505
* 10 500
(a)* 33 000
1 906
79 880
12 071
258
641
32 427
175 497
17 851
618
213
231
* 10 600
(a)* 34 000
2 623
71 719
8 008
2 009
230
34 285
144 238
15 648
766
1 713
—
* 11 700
(a)* 29 000
4 898
92 823
9 954
1 326
197
34 402
157 967
19 072
Note(s)
(1) Trade in barytes is reported under item 2511 of the Harmonised System and is described as 'barytes and witherite'. However, only
small quantities of witherite are traded
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
(b) Mainly barites with some witherite
Imports of barytes
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
6 234
5 959
36
1 525
7 388
22 324
4 735
34 166
278 335
1 348
492
102 684
27 726
122 039
121 259
14 334
2 733
4 490
57
889
4 641
27 656
2 573
26 227
129 220
2 133
4 536
51 615
16 377
43 928
146 535
8 349
3 115
5 637
155
710
7 004
14 178
4 406
41 513
263 839
1 318
1 441
67 303
17 182
161 343
149 510
11 758
4 711
4 294
112
125
7 431
17 322
4 383
29 516
291 716
2 277
2 852
88 574
17 049
148 240
139 620
15 723
5 157
12 095
848
2 225
7 008
8 615
4 101
40 294
237 254
1 222
516
69 098
12 350
168 963
124 210
21 567
167
Barytes
Imports continued
tonnes
Country
Portugal
Romania
Serbia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
3 806
25 475
111
596
71 025
6 371
3 644
455
56 794
3 744
8 351
0
530
30 503
3 346
2 605
507
61 308
4 448
8 501
421
457
106 611
4 406
3 020
342
89 474
2 509
15 598
1 494
609
70 896
4 224
3 156
2 863
99 872
2 286
16 874
3 468
881
49 674
3 947
3 359
5 567
88 042
Note(s)
(1) Trade in barytes is reported under item 2511 of the Harmonised System and is described as 'barytes and witherite'. However, only
small quantities of witherite are traded
Barytes - EU35 trade in 2012
Germany
Netherlands
Norway
United Kingdom
Italy
Spain
France
Poland
Romania
Luxembourg
Belgium
Exports
Denmark
Czech Republic
Turkey
Austria
Finland
Imports
Sweden
Serbia
Switzerland
Portugal
Croatia
Greece
Slovenia
Bulgaria
Slovakia
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
Thousand tonnes
168
50
100
150
200
250
Bentonite and Fuller's Earth
Bentonite and fullers earth
•
Bentonites consist of montmorillonite (a clay mineral) that occurs as two main varieties — calcium bentonite and the more
commercially important sodium bentonite. In the UK the name fuller’s earth is given to calcium bentonite (and in the USA, attapulgite).
Sepiolite is a fibrous clay that can be a substitute for bentonite. Calcium bentonite can be changed to sodium bentonite by the ionexchange process. The main uses of bentonite and fuller’s earth take advantage of their natural sorptive and thixotropic properties.
They are used as additions to drilling muds, in making foundry moulds, pelletising iron ore and in the manufacture of cat litter.
•
USA was the world’s largest producer of bentonite in 2012, with 30 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was China
(22 per cent), followed by Greece (eight per cent), India (seven per cent) and Mexico (six per cent). The USA was also the largest
producer of fuller’s earth.
EU35 Production of bentonite 2012
Italy 4.7%
Others 3.4%
Slovakia 5.8%
Greece 42.5%
Rest of World 81.1%
Spain 4.4%
EU35 18.9%
Turkey 12.1%
Bulgaria 2.5%
Cyprus 5.2%
Germany 12.0%
Czech Republic 7.2%
EU35 Production of attapulgite and sepiolite 2012
Spain 98.7%
Rest of World 77.6%
EU35 22.4%
Turkey 1.3%
Production of bentonite and fuller's earth
Country
Bulgaria
Bentonite
Croatia
Bentonite
Cyprus
Bentonite
Czech Republic
Bentonite
Denmark
Bentonite
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
178 700
108 400
99 700
53 900
77 900
19 759
—
—
—
—
155 125
152 722
162 969
160 625
160 180
235 000
177 000
183 000
160 000
221 000
22 458
24 040
23 832
38 300
30 330
169
Bentonite and Fuller's Earth
Production continued
tonnes
Country
France
Bentonite
Germany
Bentonite
Greece
Bentonite
Hungary
Bentonite
Italy
Bentonite
Macedonia
Bentonite
Poland
Bentonite
Romania
Bentonite
Slovakia
Bentonite
Slovenia
Bentonite
Spain
Bentonite
Attapulgite
Sepiolite
Turkey
Bentonite
Sepiolite
EU35 Total
Bentonite
Attapulgite and sepiolite
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
...
25 000
25 000
20 000
28 000
414 336
326 461
362 623
375 332
366 220
1 580 000
1 500 000
844 804
1 250 000
1 300 000
6 220
5 298
17 200
22 931
* 22 000
124 419
114 212
104 279
105 952
144 710
13 689
9 033
7 084
8 918
2 355
3 000
2 800
2 000
900
800
16 638
13 756
21 637
19 864
19 241
145 000
109 000
153 000
213 000
177 000
160
104
135
168
98
154 534
27 348
737 659
147 090
21 110
573 937
157 001
27 841
557 862
110 371
26 021
566 270
135 445
23 537
748 863
683 253
* 10 000
753 155
* 10 000
718 260
* 10 000
379 917
* 10 000
* 370 000
* 10 000
3 752 000
775 000
3 468 000
605 000
2 883 000
596 000
2 920 000
602 000
3 055 000
782 000
Note(s)
(1) Bentonites consist of montmorillonite (one of the smectite group of clay minerals) and occur in two main varieties, calcium bentonite,
the most commonly occurring, and sodium bentonite, industrially the more important
(2) Calcium bentonite can be converted to sodium bentonite by a sodium-exchange process
(3) In some countries, such as the United Kingdom, calcium bentonite is known as fuller's earth, a term which is also used to refer
attapulgite, a mineralogically distinct clay mineral but exhibiting similar properties
(4) In addition to the countries listed, Austria is believed to produce bentonite and France may produce fuller's earth
EU35 Production of bentonite, attapulgite and sepiolite 2008 - 12
Thousand tonnes
4 000
3 000
2 000
1 000
0
2008
2009
2010
Bentonite
170
Attapulgite and sepiolite
2011
2012
Bentonite and Fuller's Earth
Exports of bentonite and fuller's earth
Country
Austria
Bentonite
Belgium
Bentonite
Bulgaria
Bentonite
Cyprus
Bentonite
Czech Republic
Bentonite
Denmark
Bentonite
Finland
Bentonite
France
Bentonite
Germany
Bentonite
Greece
Bentonite
Hungary
Bentonite
Italy
Bentonite
Lithuania
Bentonite
Macedonia
Bentonite
Montenegro
Bentonite
Netherlands
Bentonite
Norway
Bentonite
Poland
Bentonite
Portugal
Bentonite
Serbia
Bentonite
Slovakia
Bentonite
Spain
Bentonite
Sepiolite
Sweden
Bentonite
Turkey
Bentonite
United Kingdom
Bentonite
Sepiolite
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
5 225
4 350
3 447
4 954
4 513
34 034
36 263
28 632
28 512
31 222
103 106
79 359
72 183
67 118
63 090
92 089
95 674
98 803
114 923
130 413
105 403
99 584
120 859
143 788
151 474
15 734
13 004
13 787
13 827
17 711
42
803
0
61
27
12 231
9 211
12 709
11 472
8 826
67 109
52 424
84 920
91 477
82 504
8 885
5 116
13 203
33 306
14 233
1 191
555
954
782
1 047
293 417
186 219
257 173
214 775
225 729
1 929
266
442
1 628
1 386
5 201
3 716
3 310
3 730
3 635
1 384
24
48
27
26
120 946
135 722
178 093
186 574
141 709
157
294
3 726
318
1 318
20 384
23 918
21 987
25 050
23 563
1 608
691
1 175
1 356
1 935
5 066
5 107
4 823
11 903
2 972
79 936
65 429
32 981
85 760
98 257
75 287
460 485
1 021 034
418 644
66 118
...
54 449
...
54 147
...
11 640
5 588
3 457
3 300
5 492
244 177
250 082
307 891
319 189
337 860
43 261
226
34 622
130
41 323
...
38 478
...
39 535
...
Note(s)
(1) See notes 1-3 to production table
(2) The figures in this table refer to natural and sodium-exchanged bentonite, Harmonised System 2508.10
(3) Activated bentonite and fuller's earth, Harmonised System 3802.90, are excluded
(4) Some countries are believed to include sodium-exchanged bentonite, often referred to as activated bentonite, under Harmonised
System 3802.90, e.g. Italy, but these are not included in the table
(5) From 2007 Harmonised System 2508.20, previously used in this table for fuller's earth, is no longer available
171
Bentonite and Fuller's Earth
Imports of bentonite and fuller's earth
Country
Austria
Bentonite
Belgium
Bentonite
Bulgaria
Bentonite
Croatia
Bentonite
Cyprus
Bentonite
Czech Republic
Bentonite
Denmark
Bentonite
Estonia
Bentonite
Finland
Bentonite
France
Bentonite
Germany
Bentonite
Greece
Bentonite
Hungary
Bentonite
Iceland
Bentonite
Ireland, Republic of
Bentonite
Italy
Bentonite
Latvia
Bentonite
Lithuania
Bentonite
Macedonia
Bentonite
Malta
Bentonite
Netherlands
Bentonite
Norway
Bentonite
Poland
Bentonite
Portugal
Bentonite
Romania
Bentonite
Serbia
Bentonite
Slovakia
Bentonite
Slovenia
Bentonite
Spain
Bentonite
Sweden
Bentonite
Switzerland
Bentonite
Turkey
Bentonite
172
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
68 703
66 575
90 229
83 313
91 208
74 216
62 885
72 971
91 291
68 771
3 386
2 422
2 548
2 591
2 074
39 289
22 383
7 852
16 906
5 394
12 496
5 709
4 629
142
280
24 239
25 129
18 472
39 439
43 334
34 012
35 089
43 049
34 130
41 931
1 506
1 631
3 352
2 937
2 670
31 445
19 429
16 293
21 194
24 913
198 787
158 715
159 096
194 555
180 301
361 782
335 990
386 261
447 793
450 850
21 261
8 593
3 668
7 193
5 831
3 095
3 608
4 360
4 648
6 527
2 392
1 259
432
563
281
2 643
2 741
2 734
2 623
2 788
136 417
96 698
130 508
140 458
133 041
2 628
2 148
2 787
3 434
2 701
3 068
3 368
4 378
6 250
6 656
168
142
219
302
725
639
635
921
844
446
314 298
* 190 000
237 683
289 615
277 221
14 783
12 612
14 506
12 668
11 620
171 633
122 165
155 173
212 585
233 200
20 304
12 788
18 205
23 436
26 466
6 014
3 859
4 825
6 341
8 463
3 370
2 274
1 683
1 804
5 294
8 987
5 890
6 416
26 935
25 923
3 976
4 421
4 191
4 790
5 905
103 602
72 993
108 066
146 344
114 421
178 308
120 079
200 422
214 173
231 973
21 876
20 407
20 362
19 316
19 203
9 806
1 827
1 641
1 915
1 952
Bentonite and Fuller's Earth
Imports continued
tonnes
Country
United Kingdom
Bentonite
Sepiolite
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
205 853
227 453
140 301
70 651
141 849
...
200 332
...
183 343
...
Note(s)
(1) See notes 1-3 to production table
(2) The figures in this table refer to natural and sodium-exchanged bentonite, Harmonised System 2508.10
(3) Activated bentonite and fuller's earth, Harmonised System 3802.90, are excluded
(4) Some countries are believed to include sodium-exchanged bentonite, often referred to as activated bentonite, under Harmonised
System 3802.90, e.g. Italy, but these are not included in the table
(5) From 2007 Harmonised System 2508.20, previously used in this table for fuller's earth, is no longer available
Bentonite - EU35 trade in 2012
Germany
Netherlands
Poland
Sweden
United Kingdom
France
Italy
Spain
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Portugal
Slovakia
Finland
Switzerland
Norway
Romania
Lithuania
Hungary
Slovenia
Greece
Croatia
Serbia
Ireland, Republic of
Latvia
Estonia
Bulgaria
Turkey
Macedonia
Cyprus
-400
Exports
Imports
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
Thousand tonnes
173
Bismuth
Bismuth
•
Bismuth is a metallic element, chiefly used in its compound form, in pharmaceuticals and as metal in fusible (low-melting) alloys. It is
also highly valued as a substitute for lead.
•
China was the world’s largest producer in 2012, with 50 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Mexico (27 per
cent), followed by Japan (15 per cent) and Canada (four per cent). Bismuth is also produced as a by-product of lead and zinc refining.
Mine production of bismuth
tonnes (metal content)
Country
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Bulgaria
* 45
* 45
* 45
* 45
* 45
Note(s)
(1) The figures in this table are in some instances derived from reported bismuth content of refined and impure metal plus recoverable in
ores and concentrates exported
(2) Production for some countries may include bismuth produced from imported ores but it is thought that any resulting duplication is
insignificant in the countries shown
Exports of bismuth
Country
Belgium
Czech Republic
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
162
3
74
276
38
196
1
19
1
905
413
—
6
143
5
28
—
14
106
941
1
19
20
178
1
34
25
9
11
427
6
3
49
210
13
32
—
9
1
1 038
4
4
115
195
11
52
—
4
—
744
Note(s)
(1) The compounds recorded in this table are bismuth carbonate and/or bismuth nitrate
Imports of bismuth
tonnes
Country
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
148
190
78
219
1 262
3
13
38
269
120
25
60
212
12
12
21
1 582
80
9
53
102
881
0
84
14
152
42
20
24
52
6
12
15
310
130
1
106
100
1 052
0
106
5
355
259
34
49
141
12
25
11
366
138
45
264
205
1 282
12
50
1
378
192
23
63
99
2
18
16
411
139
16
110
281
1 155
21
43
1
154
427
24
57
103
4
12
7
481
174
Bromine
Bromine
•
Bromine is the only non-metallic element that is liquid at room temperature. It is strongly reactive and hazardous in pure forms and has
a wide range of uses including medicines, fumigants, dyes, and pesticides.
•
Bromine is almost entirely produced from processing sea-water. USA was the world’s largest producer in 2011, with 29 per cent of the
total world output. The second largest was Jordan (26 per cent), followed by Israel (22 per cent), China (19 per cent) and Japan
(three per cent).
Exports of bromine
Country
Belgium
Finland
Germany
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
United Kingdom
kilograms
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
20 752 500
...
14 400
1 821 400
5 000
2 000
1 015 304
17 466 300
...
6 031
1 960 700
5 500
2 578
497 246
12 619 000
...
6 119
1 477 700
9 800
15 627
780 704
25 002 100
22 200
7 543
1 154 400
7 100
86 311
1 472 523
25 239 600
—
8 559
84 300
3 600
10 480
1 377 726
Note(s)
(1) This table does not purport to be comprehensive: trade in bromine is not separately distinguished from other halogens by many
countries
Imports of bromine
Country
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Hungary
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Netherlands (a)
Poland
Romania
Spain
Sweden
Turkey (a)
United Kingdom
kilograms
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
488 000
26 540 000
12 000
146 800
12 428 800
646 400
9 900
1 520
598 800
7 661
10 600
9 800
169 159
31 700
6 761
5 903 423
65 300
20 618 700
2 600
242 982
11 720 470
456 893
10 500
799
958 588
63 310
6 100
200
75 099
3 100
6 497
6 534 300
318 400
18 693 500
3 100
318 478
5 275 994
657 303
4 500
743
1 259 187
321 599
17 200
—
222 746
4 200
8 373
5 787 829
238 900
28 221 500
—
322 231
8 449 327
722 036
8 800
38 566
1 207 042
114 504
11 200
200
250 417
4 300
11 462
9 485 963
384 600
28 260 600
100
441 332
8 999 985
783 214
5 600
675
939 005
297 589
66 300
—
188 015
7 800
6 869
7 817 484
Note(s)
(1) This table does not purport to be comprehensive: trade in bromine is not separately distinguished from other halogens by many
countries
(a) May include some fluorine
175
Cadmium
Cadmium
•
Cadmium is a highly toxic metallic element mostly produced as a by-product of zinc refining. The bulk of cadmium in use is in nickelcadmium (NiCd) rechargeable batteries. Other major uses are in pigments and in metal coatings.
•
China was the world’s largest producer in 2012, with 32 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was South Korea (18 per
cent), followed by Japan (eight per cent), Mexico (7 per cent) and Canada (six per cent).
EU35 Production of cadmium 2012
Norway 15.5%
Netherlands 28.0%
Rest of World 90.9%
Poland 18.5%
EU35 9.1%
Bulgaria 18.1%
Germany 20.0%
Production of cadmium
tonnes
Country
Bulgaria
Germany
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
EU35 Total
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
376
420
530
178
603
413
* 400
* 490
249
534
389
* 400
* 560
300
451
427
* 400
* 570
309
526
363
* 400
* 560
* 310
370
2 100
2 100
2 100
2 200
2 000
Note(s)
(1) Data in this table excludes secondary metal unless otherwise stated
EU35 Production of cadmium 2008 - 12
2 500
Tonnes
2 000
1 500
1 000
500
0
2008
176
2009
2010
2011
2012
Cadmium
Exports of cadmium
Country
Belgium
Metal
Oxide
Bulgaria
Metal
France
Metal
Germany
Metal
Italy
Metal
Netherlands
Metal
Norway
Metal
Poland
Metal
Sweden
Oxide
United Kingdom
Metal
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
442
4 677
452
4 033
459
4 413
545
3 734
690
3 764
374
569
474
421
394
890
1 022
763
549
733
287
276
523
348
379
1 633
2 030
3 104
1 722
363
816
305
606
617
839
259
211
329
317
221
558
590
484
579
388
448
305
360
429
335
54
25
2 545
1 441
272
Imports of cadmium
Country
Belgium
Metal
Oxide
Czech Republic
Oxide
France
Metal
Oxide
Germany
Metal
Oxide
Greece
Metal
Italy
Metal
Netherlands
Metal
Spain
Metal
Sweden
Metal
Oxide
United Kingdom
Metal
Oxide
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
5 511
10
3 439
28
6 456
43
5 932
109
3 683
7
463
396
464
487
439
645
1 114
455
605
212
18
100
7
285
6
53
507
11
522
18
625
40
489
69
653
18
39
1
0
—
49
43
3
44
37
186
50
102
1
15
21
118
153
38
37
851
83
588
42
825
107
1 127
172
1 172
145
212
386
246
181
470
309
542
281
229
169
177
Cadmium
Cadmium metal - EU35 trade in 2012
Belgium
Sweden
France
United Kingdom
Germany
Spain
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Norway
Bulgaria
-1,000
Exports
Imports
0
Tonnes
178
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
Cement
Cement
•
Cement is a manufactured product and is the essential basis of concrete and mortar. Its chief raw materials are limestone or chalk and
clay or mudstone. In Europe it is the largest use of limestone after crushed rock aggregate.
•
Cement is made by firing a mixture of limestone and clay in a kiln to produce ‘cement clinker’. This is a mixture of calcium silicates and
calcium aluminates, which is finely ground with the addition of five per cent gypsum/anhydrite to produce finished cement.
Production of cement clinker
tonnes
Country
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
287 911
...
3 509 817
—
3 137 828
16 092
1 040 000
16 885 000
25 366 000
11 361 397
* 2 500 000
957 371
...
—
761 800
* 1 600 000
12 443 103
1 749 406
111 719
...
27 304 551
1 881 054
41 652 824
8 700 000
160 223
1 123 722
1 858 850
30 286
2 433 746
122
448 500
14 568 000
23 232 000
8 649 322
* 2 200 000
637 853
...
233 292
706 426
* 1 550 000
10 659 214
1 513 558
—
1 822 820
21 594 604
1 702 019
41 084 368
6 421 000
54 369
858 871
2 071 100
—
2 260 561
3 819
537 000
14 901 000
22 996 000
7 446 775
* 1 500 000
966 577
1 158 000
—
736 000
* 1 550 000
11 767 782
1 948 137
—
1 607 025
21 234 637
1 790 784
54 222 939
6 598 000
131 734
* 800 000
1 475 700
—
2 617 072
25
719 000
15 229 000
24 775 000
4 569 167
1 167 942
1 286 791
1 277 000
—
770 232
1 415 000
13 629 500
1 094 218
33 363
1 823 306
17 000 000
* 1 750 000
53 228 248
7 096 000
* 130 000
726 690
* 1 500 000
—
2 371 207
24 256
714 600
14 178 000
24 581 000
* 4 500 000
1 332 354
1 284 948
1 485 720
—
* 750 000
* 1 400 000
11 807 300
* 1 000 000
84 853
1 490 768
* 15 000 000
* 1 750 000
* 53 000 000
6 555 000
161 000 000
143 000 000
156 000 000
152 000 000
146 000 000
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy (a)
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Norway
Poland
Portugal (a)
Romania
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
EU35 Total
Note(s)
(a) Sales
EU35 Production of finished cement 2012
Austria 1.7%
United Kingdom 3.2%
Belgium 2.5%
France 7.2%
Turkey 26.7%
Germany 12.9%
Greece 2.0%
Switzerland 1.8%
Italy 11.2%
Spain 8.0%
Romania 3.1%
Portugal 2.2%
Others 11.3%
Poland 6.4%
179
Cement
Production of finished cement
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland (a)
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal (a)
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland (b)
Turkey
United Kingdom (c)
EU35 Total
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
6 131 257
7 135 000
4 900 336
1 913 620
4 804 845
2 538 822
808 000
1 638 000
21 443 000
33 581 000
14 013 312
3 544 000
* 3 910 000
42 863 063
* 310 000
1 075 581
907 500
* 2 700 000
* 1 700 000
17 206 735
8 405 420
10 461 456
4 157 356
* 1 300 000
42 088 110
* 2 950 000
4 238 311
54 027 283
10 071 000
4 847 862
6 113 000
2 660 176
1 480 843
3 851 100
1 578 614
326 200
1 041 866
18 300 000
30 441 000
11 160 205
* 3 200 000
* 2 720 000
33 611 625
* 650 000
583 067
929 820
* 2 700 000
* 1 650 000
15 536 984
6 862 969
7 897 656
3 011 460
* 1 000 000
29 504 574
* 2 900 000
4 333 096
55 741 176
7 623 000
4 499 402
5 990 000
1 981 971
1 328 763
3 558 536
1 566 624
375 000
1 204 581
17 998 000
29 915 000
8 778 949
* 2 560 000
* 2 290 000
37 061 576
* 1 100 000
834 000
1 030 700
* 2 700 000
* 1 650 000
15 756 000
6 665 585
6 867 596
2 887 749
* 1 000 000
26 217 200
* 2 900 000
4 553 077
70 800 657
7 883 000
4 291 449
6 844 000
1 889 502
1 206 786
4 052 558
1 852 804
451 000
1 379 760
19 433 000
33 540 000
5 822 967
* 2 200 000
* 1 700 000
35 687 105
* 1 100 000
996 284
1 232 633
* 2 700 000
1 547 000
18 929 000
6 072 751
7 646 612
3 219 557
* 1 000 000
22 000 000
* 2 900 000
4 687 138
66 656 800
8 529 000
4 162 406
6 280 000
1 754 204
1 080 019
3 620 330
1 817 334
481 500
1 292 855
18 018 000
32 432 000
4 894 332
* 2 300 000
* 1 600 000
28 005 259
* 1 100 000
1 014 977
* 1 200 000
* 2 700 000
* 1 500 000
15 918 614
5 481 454
7 727 046
2 915 166
* 1 000 000
* 20 000 000
* 2 900 000
4 395 084
* 67 000 000
7 952 000
310 800 000
262 300 000
272 000 000
269 600 000
250 500 000
Note(s)
(a) Sales
(b) Includes production in Liechtenstein
(c) Great Britain only
EU35 Production of finished cement 2008 - 12
350 000
Thousand tonnes
300 000
250 000
200 000
150 000
100 000
50 000
0
2008
180
2009
2010
2011
2012
Cement
Exports of cement
Country
Austria
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Belgium
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Bulgaria
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Croatia
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Cyprus
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Czech Republic
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Denmark
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Estonia
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Finland
Portland cement
France
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Germany
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Greece
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Hungary
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Ireland, Republic of
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Italy
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Latvia
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Lithuania
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
243 906
344 338
82 570
146 991
272 440
56 934
46 560
213 082
50 592
173 312
330 710
25 432
121 529
299 060
21 521
893 494
1 960 360
556 870
936 451
1 722 252
417 798
582 766
1 676 150
410 909
744 707
1 729 402
353 126
638 496
1 631 167
253 759
120 588
130 932
22 589
14 836
109 923
394
5 246
164 404
1 772
8 131
190 570
6 516
296 372
269 199
21 341
235 377
667 503
468 597
169 394
615 827
276 981
176 403
639 236
601 470
103 281
1 189 738
180 836
284 480
897 747
102 405
0
—
24 215
27 324
—
12 866
—
42 438
6 535
248 521
19 039
436 600
196 133
85 427
374 515
156 650
88 236
402 537
218 689
169
844 920
232
10 362
665 669
124
7 287
969 666
25 482
7 784
568 656
20 751
11 884
731 730
3 860
2 689
813 938
4 175
24 658
767 554
4 565
426 384
383 449
1 387
395 641
120 294
59
222 190
148 505
488
426 994
186 255
752
347 754
208 131
1 107
2 618
1 275
373
92
6
260 529
578 230
10 056
170 883
621 568
—
282 673
766 167
—
179 184
764 305
—
210 901
765 777
—
1 120 078
5 115 858
2 077 175
467 042
4 445 980
2 101 709
680 552
4 173 112
2 010 734
761 406
5 002 240
2 159 075
475 987
4 672 927
1 794 724
722 151
2 842 584
205 640
851 946
3 051 954
297 036
722 142
3 122 615
47 435
459 716
1 548 482
155 000
1 877 641
2 398 675
604
—
329 647
25 169
1 701
220 069
2 987
296
185 279
795
25
277 497
6 451
203 686
269 382
1 363
—
1 144 186
1 512
4 823
1 054 533
1 317
1
1 025 910
8 787
—
942 940
1 158
16 698
1 238 718
971
38 106
2 094 130
491 150
5 280
1 637 605
469 636
52 673
2 035 118
393 746
45 472
1 681 397
250 624
47 155
1 838 228
200 038
—
240 311
20
2 382
147 960
126
68 802
562 435
76
201 050
673 260
250
163 102
759 738
176
130
204 951
1 531
39 878
170 273
491
14
352 750
1 151
98
450 601
406
19
529 457
36
181
Cement
Exports continued
Country
Luxembourg
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Macedonia
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Montenegro
Portland cement
Netherlands
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Norway
Cement clinkers (a)
Portland cement (a)
Poland
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Portugal
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Romania
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Serbia
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Slovakia
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Slovenia
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Spain
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Sweden
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Switzerland
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Turkey
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
United Kingdom
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
181 689
109 447
264 233
58 463
119 660
137 975
7 695
341 075
219 688
4 215
424 306
320 980
1
321 903
338 240
173 089
281 782
5 638
361 677
...
315 074
0
277 326
154 117
136 803
...
...
...
2 372
1 583
0
298 133
6 217
352
194 392
11 447
34
201 065
57 922
3 911
310 479
150 175
33 160
274 856
203 678
* 118 000
* 152 000
* 104 000
* 14 200
* 150 000
* 144 000
* 251 000
* 94 000
* 104 000
* 138 000
163 902
314 733
78 349
127 806
405 940
35 305
89 692
415 187
22 984
46 295
358 847
17 523
99 977
303 667
28 200
1 448 397
1 102 589
11 139
1 553 992
758 854
15 231
1 888 362
996 778
10 440
916 431
1 345 607
8 111
994 099
2 000 541
40 461
111 719
7 449
51
182
17 869
155
265
20 039
214
24 810
278 795
16 310
84 874
333 946
16 668
385 154
138 375
2 560
66 309
76 539
125
...
156 477
33
...
115 432
28
...
138 914
29
53 871
1 622 292
144 311
127 016
1 344 258
217 328
69 366
1 396 241
21 660
44 607
1 795 235
10
—
1 407 502
28
1
77 656
227 400
—
96 736
97 258
42 475
168 056
4 731
140 361
200 615
988
175 807
172 090
308
907 694
1 474 428
63 825
1 181 783
1 411 588
74 007
1 545 705
2 768 457
87 864
1 590 245
2 577 325
184 099
3 487 481
3 033 778
117 093
217
723 793
14 082
577 571
482 223
7 166
505 585
467 559
5 819
267 884
590 443
7 120
391 898
782 362
8 546
91 167
35 925
9 009
70 207
15 044
4 062
6 983
103 952
2 959
104
63 262
51
35
72 143
67
2 558 779
11 010 951
150 785
3 856 403
16 356 895
245 770
2 792 332
15 842 398
415 763
2 472 979
11 750 755
315 159
2 980 566
10 716 605
104 504
15 071
230 920
93 122
4 708
92 628
51 359
5 500
134 223
56 781
15 531
121 537
62 333
31 458
239 058
75 502
Note(s)
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
182
Cement
Imports of cement
Country
Austria
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Belgium
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Bulgaria
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Croatia
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Cyprus
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Czech Republic
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Denmark
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Estonia
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Finland
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
France
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Germany
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Greece
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Hungary
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Iceland
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Ireland, Republic of
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Italy
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
456 127
753 529
40 766
404 998
639 545
52 715
407 616
637 550
71 535
393 132
913 116
60 349
297 009
797 976
54 115
627 133
954 591
292 741
684 634
819 923
252 247
740 528
1 030 282
172 609
717 664
1 113 638
158 441
649 014
1 310 336
163 298
248 737
13 645
1 110
45 002
481 991
955
16 167
448 220
2 510
17 478
431 780
6 147
14 586
436 036
8 567
50
393 886
7 447
1
393 613
10 620
967
344 352
7 619
144
326 526
4 200
44
315 804
1 001
66 787
29 311
15 455
249
29 579
2 512
69 780
545
6 498
416
134 179
932 685
23 816
101 031
890 776
51 482
121 682
702 257
48 336
44 577
765 382
31 074
86 089
638 364
26 875
33 825
289 307
38 687
31 847
208 467
46 117
23 732
180 249
38 797
29 888
244 007
19 941
24 464
211 379
19 569
25 438
4 613
304
—
30 424
458
13 474
36 354
827
(a)* 1 800
52 807
1 545
4 688
27 404
13 043
236 439
281 924
15 911
536
320 084
12 232
14 191
587 410
10 202
16 790
549 673
16 408
7 512
498 577
13 870
1 338 362
1 940 065
1 185 083
784 892
1 744 423
980 685
838 538
2 422 582
559 436
849 577
3 113 977
246 702
693 269
3 057 832
239 915
14 184
770 566
293 583
9 200
904 023
272 741
18 037
939 310
255 027
52 111
1 054 856
217 931
82 345
1 023 170
218 486
23 558
74 239
2 618
4 249
136 300
2 359
12 100
206 164
15 136
34 712
159 514
22 371
65 317
49 204
22 214
...
643 776
55 798
117 232
565 552
49 051
69 469
495 045
34 191
67 770
785 166
33 802
43 196
710 516
6 809
628
111 918
505
30
38 640
241
42
24 481
4 405
49
26 714
226
71
64 565
229
36 153
780 528
14 649
31 983
192 556
10 698
15 459
133 977
4 974
23 190
100 440
4 112
24 718
86 608
4 375
2 095 716
962 746
295 988
1 495 609
1 433 820
308 222
797 703
1 298 080
139 459
844 108
1 119 225
125 066
729 063
998 392
106 926
183
Cement
Imports continued
Country
Latvia
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Lithuania
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Luxembourg
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Macedonia
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Malta
Portland cement
Other cement
Montenegro
Portland cement
Other cement
Netherlands
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Norway
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Poland
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Portugal
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Romania
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Serbia
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Slovakia
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Slovenia
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Spain
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Sweden
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Switzerland
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
184
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
30 233
353 174
209
34 375
87 660
1 088
158
94 873
643
6 551
89 751
281
701
108 596
306
79 102
111 578
996
133 039
176 461
122 178
227 793
144 824
173 488
147 329
36 976
33 617
22 879
17 827
56 666
16 255
27 238
34 642
12 119
34 532
42 548
14 934
34 703
37 740
15 382
(a)* 9 000
136 030
797
(a)* 17 000
193 076
397
(a)* 2 000
185 378
1 213
8 932
148 954
409
(a)* —
193 978
501
374 392
1 498
328 411
1 552
285 182
13 002
258 304
6 676
260 664
2 906
517 062
214 958
279 497
171 150
266 063
116 132
250 759
90 911
248 013
92 927
380 281
1 705 144
993 318
511 560
904 788
842 190
636 694
1 123 936
1 136 163
424 274
1 580 140
1 475 035
558 153
1 278 033
1 488 241
36 704
361 216
22 317
6 904
237 896
20 474
7 070
353 102
21 621
170
409 018
25 809
312
435 344
28 533
127 428
680 447
29 529
35 106
421 822
21 466
111 677
565 893
26 247
35 663
932 507
25 467
13 558
695 629
21 027
196 929
22 862
8 842
24 156
150 065
11 072
24 143
186 170
11 771
3 238
134 000
5 043
6 011
169 109
5 293
486 462
538 259
32 765
23 613
296 687
15 779
75 812
307 977
22 004
144 547
239 373
21 297
144 116
240 469
18 626
24 795
62 283
1 124
...
41 744
1 003
1 321
52 582
728
5 309
92 665
784
51 360
194 728
664
94 510
172 555
93 031
13 076
284 457
56 060
6 380
256 358
34 733
9 706
281 910
102 134
5 840
266 308
71 001
5 783
326 096
4 618
60
297 617
17 414
129
328 563
17 328
95 704
334 053
8 237
168 235
210 734
4 077
5 496 563
1 729 088
58 007
2 079 944
694 757
73 362
1 342 279
637 322
14 516
490 164
450 416
15 894
80 228
363 065
17 347
37 009
61 891
50 333
10 434
29 482
37 308
36 629
348 431
36 399
58 132
419 332
42 002
5 230
391 030
43 520
8 596
361 305
30 908
27 649
364 034
36 464
74 946
465 699
49 549
46 117
538 979
73 361
2 580
526 305
92 633
Cement
Imports continued
tonnes
Country
Turkey
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
United Kingdom
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
380 516
12 279
5 036
6 053
13 471
3 358
58 176
5 875
6 168
10 511
3 406
10 847
58 098
21 972
7 142
366 791
1 731 228
28 324
206 857
1 718 146
30 815
201 308
1 759 841
92 031
208 595
1 746 862
100 453
206 086
1 429 848
31 045
Note(s)
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
Cement - EU35 trade in 2012
France
Netherlands
Belgium
United Kingdom
Germany
Italy
Austria
Hungary
Poland
Czech Republic
Switzerland
Finland
Norway
Bulgaria
Sweden
Spain
Montenegro
Slovakia
Croatia
Malta
Romania
Denmark
Slovenia
Serbia
Macedonia
Portugal
Lithuania
Latvia
Ireland, Republic of
Greece
Iceland
Luxembourg
Estonia
Turkey
Cyprus
Exports
Imports
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Million tonnes
185
Chromium
Chromium ores and concentrates
•
Chromium is a hard metallic element that is an essential component of stainless steel and other alloy steels, where it is used in the
form of the alloy ferro-chromium. It is also used extensively in superalloys and metal plating. Its compounds are important pigments
and the natural mineral chromite is used in refractories.
•
South Africa was the world’s largest producer in 2012, with 44 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Kazakhstan
(20 per cent), followed by India (12 per cent), Turkey (nine per cent) and Oman (two per cent).
EU35 Production of chromium ores and concentrates 2012
Turkey 83.5%
Rest of World 89.4%
EU35 10.6%
Finland 16.5%
Production of chromium ores and concentrates
tonnes
Country
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Finland
Turkey
614 000
1 885 712
247 000
1 770 029
598 000
2 461 314
693 000
2 281 981
452 000
* 2 280 000
EU35 Total
2 500 000
2 017 000
3 059 000
2 975 000
2 732 000
Note(s)
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Bulgaria is believed to produce chromite
EU35 Production of chromium ores and concentrates 2008 - 12
3 500
Thousand tonnes
3 000
2 500
2 000
1 500
1 000
500
0
2008
186
2009
2010
2011
2012
Chromium
Exports of chromium
Country
Austria
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Belgium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Bulgaria
Metal
Czech Republic
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Denmark
Metal
Finland
Ores and concentrates
Metal
France
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Germany
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Italy
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Netherlands
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Norway
Metal
Poland
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Slovakia
Metal
Slovenia
Metal
Spain
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Sweden
Metal
Switzerland
Metal
Turkey
Ores and concentrates
Metal
United Kingdom
Ores and concentrates
Metal
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
833
6 596
333
5 845
4
10 245
1 163
2 138
413
565
48 086
772
15 562
1 226
18 415
1 311
13 945
1 010
34 801
676
...
...
...
603
304
507
594
369
662
764
21
1 140
103
1 061
31
1 262
659
1 056
601
548
3 041
1 034
2 050
1 577
8 291
1 813
5 231
2 366
4 575
1 950
4 694
7 844
1 935
4 767
2 422
7 612
2 168
8 034
1 858
9 720
23 563
5 379
15 922
4 685
32 070
4 606
53 989
2 995
60 354
6 308
2 567
166
1 762
29
1 617
5
3 764
1
1 831
35
117 639
4 282
32 485
885
74 483
3 569
126 012
2 197
156 975
3 112
128
85
97
78
202
66
1 465
107
861
425
7 948
3 604
7 135
536
2 977
1 299
424
777
83
2
111
14
123
174
1
1 073
1 165
1 022
516
600
665
1 252
237
4 225
555
225
100
191
167
123
54
44
82
92
111
1 816 427
122
1 748 194
2 667
2 256 387
184
2 161 001
1 930
2 129 693
2 344
—
6 501
32 507
5 058
297
7 441
168
8 017
50
7 737
Note(s)
(1) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under iron, steel and ferro-alloys
187
Chromium
Imports of chromium
Country
Austria
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Belgium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Bulgaria
Ores and concentrates
Croatia
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Czech Republic
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Denmark
Ores and concentrates
Finland
Ores and concentrates
Metal
France
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Germany
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Ireland, Republic of
Metal
Italy
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Macedonia
Ores and concentrates
Netherlands
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Norway
Ores and concentrates (a)
Metal
Poland
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Portugal
Ores and concentrates
Romania
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Serbia
Ores and concentrates
Slovakia
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Slovenia
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Spain
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Sweden
Ores and concentrates (a)
Metal
Switzerland
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Turkey
Ores and concentrates
Metal
188
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
42 008
8 006
25 891
4 325
54 945
6 109
20 921
7 868
33 317
4 854
56 183
1 097
19 050
871
25 350
1 593
22 896
3 023
39 090
977
793
637
671
971
1 086
568
394
282
307
143
419
190
345
73
404
12 990
282
7 798
83
7 975
514
7 986
139
8 413
147
974
384
480
864
880
8 866
327
4 521
105
9 197
139
20 853
194
9 372
139
26 952
1 335
10 813
478
11 273
1 155
15 835
524
14 844
466
175 277
7 022
45 684
3 328
101 972
4 783
180 377
5 931
188 783
6 887
120
138
83
179
40
36 552
721
23 842
943
22 012
881
31 861
1 738
30 547
1 598
306
495
294
512
324
145 698
3 897
18 702
2 157
88 788
6 642
135 776
5 773
180 648
4 789
* 600
128
* 400
74
* 400
90
* 500
437
* 300
453
36 646
2 137
12 728
679
15 672
103
30 863
4 533
27 723
78
5 369
2 361
2 108
2 727
2 639
77 546
64
705
39
7 054
16
1 637
105
2 288
50
519
436
641
725
211
11 969
104
2 533
52
4 546
34
5 542
8
3 562
42
999
313
1 005
143
1 912
104
966
97
466
101
6 721
1 219
4 031
1 192
5 579
1 878
9 262
2 350
10 487
1 479
* 274 900
12 782
* 127 500
4 396
* 169 000
4 999
* 128 600
6 598
* 135 900
6 139
1 510
134
974
38
1 051
74
809
71
1 359
93
119 806
60
113 461
54
113 487
65
122 070
108
162 266
91
Chromium
Imports continued
tonnes
Country
United Kingdom
Ores and concentrates
Metal
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
117 715
3 099
33 867
2 904
7 084
3 007
10 572
2 346
9 124
1 663
Note(s)
(1) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under iron, steel and ferro-alloys
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
Chromium ores and concentrates - EU35 trade in 2012
Germany
Netherlands
Turkey
Sweden
Exports
Belgium
Austria
Italy
Poland
France
Spain
Finland
Imports
United Kingdom
Czech Republic
-2,250
-2,000
-1,750
-1,500
-1,250
-1,000
-750
-500
-250
0
250
500
Thousand tonnes
Chromium metal - EU35 trade in 2012
Germany
Sweden
Austria
Netherlands
United Kingdom
Italy
Spain
Belgium
France
Norway
Croatia
Czech Republic
Finland
Slovenia
Switzerland
Turkey
Poland
Romania
Slovakia
Ireland, Republic of
Denmark
Bulgaria
Exports
Imports
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
Thousand tonnes
189
Coal
Coal
•
Coal is a combustible rock, composed of lithified plant remains. It is an important source of energy throughout the world.
•
Coal has two predominant end uses. Steam coal (or thermal coal) is burnt in power stations for electricity generation and is also used
for other domestic and industrial purposes. Coking coal, which commands a higher price, is used in the steel industry to de-oxidise iron
ore in the blast furnace. Both black coal (anthracite and bituminous) and brown coal (lignite) are used as steam coal; only bituminous
coal is used as coking coal.
•
China was the world’s largest producer in 2012, with 46 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was USA (12 per cent),
followed by India (eight per cent), Australia (six per cent) and Indonesia (five per cent).
EU35 Production of coal (all forms) 2012
Poland 20.6%
Romania 4.8%
Serbia 5.5%
Rest of World 91.2%
Others 4.7%
Turkey 12.3%
EU35 8.8%
United Kingdom 2.4%
Greece 8.9%
Bulgaria 4.8%
Czech Republic 7.8%
Germany 28.2%
Production of coal
Country
Bulgaria
Lignite
Brown coal
Czech Republic
Bituminous
Lignite
Brown coal
Germany
Anthracite and bituminous
Brown coal
Greece
Lignite
Hungary
Lignite
Brown coal
Macedonia
Lignite
Montenegro
Lignite
Norway
Bituminous (a)
Poland
Bituminous
Lignite
Romania
Anthracite and bituminous
Lignite
Brown coal
190
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
26 007 800
2 643 200
25 014 800
2 243 800
27 148 300
2 321 200
34 496 200
2 743 500
31 040 700
* 2 700 000
12 197 000
416 000
47 456 000
10 621 000
262 000
45 354 000
11 193 000
—
43 931 000
10 967 000
—
46 848 000
10 796 000
—
43 710 000
19 143 000
175 313 020
14 971 000
169 857 142
14 110 000
169 402 544
12 960 000
176 502 048
11 560 000
185 432 000
64 521 000
61 800 000
53 600 000
58 400 000
62 368 000
8 041 168
1 386 140
8 026 587
944 139
8 202 859
813 403
8 800 783
699 129
8 438 000
875 944
7 669 103
7 395 915
6 583 074
7 902 084
7 309 546
1 740 076
957 164
1 937 847
1 972 671
1 706 302
3 429 000
2 437 000
1 685 000
1 640 000
1 583 000
84 345 443
59 668 166
78 064 462
57 108 304
76 727 802
56 510 125
76 447 604
62 841 269
79 854 904
64 279 772
—
34 529 000
205 000
—
28 460 152
63 458
—
28 774 244
62 448
2 121 574
33 779 130
46 071
1 876 062
31 529 377
17 700
Coal
tonnes
Production continued
Country
Serbia
Bituminous
Lignite (b)
Brown coal
Slovakia
Lignite
Brown coal
Slovenia
Lignite
Brown coal
Spain
Anthracite
Bituminous
Sub-bituminous
Turkey
Anthracite
Bituminous
Lignite
United Kingdom
Bituminous (d)
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
66 000
(c) 31 332 000
...
69 000
38 070 579
209 660
108 000
37 562 840
193 492
134 000
40 467 132
349 861
141 000
37 707 017
316 507
87 000
2 075 000
155 000
2 221 000
176 000
2 026 000
124 000
1 989 000
136 000
1 964 000
4 008 440
488 828
3 921 746
510 769
4 010 930
419 466
4 066 278
435 800
3 967 064
354 262
3 152 550
4 085 652
2 890 230
4 306 033
2 898 340
2 493 577
3 212 603
2 776 918
2 428 877
2 489 797
1 774 992
2 358 930
2 259 236
1 651 496
2 275 409
3 343 409
* 1 000 000
86 074 626
3 773 603
* 1 000 000
82 263 104
6 312 137
* 1 000 000
86 943 392
5 619 316
3 542 223
79 968 510
* 5 600 000
* 3 550 000
* 80 000 000
18 053 000
17 874 000
18 417 000
18 627 000
17 047 000
705 400 000
673 300 000
668 600 000
701 100 000
702 000 000
EU35 Total
Note(s)
(1) There is no international agreement as to the separate definition of lignite and brown coal. In some cases they are distinguished.
Elsewhere both may be aggregated under one or other term
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Spitzbergen: not including production from mines controlled by Russia
Excluding production in Kosovo
Including brown coal
Including anthracite
EU35 Production of coal (all forms) 2008 - 12
800
700
Million tonnes
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
191
Coal
Exports of coal
Country
Belgium
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Bulgaria
Hard coal (a)
Lignite
Czech Republic
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Denmark
Hard coal
Estonia
Hard coal
France
Anthracite
Other coal
Briquettes
Germany
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Greece
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Hungary
Anthracite
Lignite
Ireland, Republic of
Hard coal
Briquettes
Italy
Anthracite
Other coal
Briquettes
Latvia
Hard coal (a)
Briquettes
Lithuania
Hard coal (a)
Montenegro
Lignite
Netherlands
Anthracite
Other coal
Briquettes
Poland
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Portugal
Anthracite
Romania
Hard coal
Serbia
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
192
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
1 400 377
4 416 217
10 581
11 331
675 097
4 640 602
7 267
11 452
1 652 015
4 211 655
18 781
18 899
1 915 992
2 560 811
42 164
40 374
1 668 940
3 566 699
51 514
41 363
36 095
53
11 511
5 862
76 508
9 525
126 229
2 744
133 470
635
6 393
5 987 431
1 561 097
75 459
2 783
6 025 794
1 207 715
93 479
1 126
6 443 306
1 019 645
90 864
3 463
6 253 274
1 071 038
103 816
3 583
5 368 575
12 779 156
54 148
27 070
(a) 1 973 198
(b)* 10 000
464 851
(a) 10 585
(b)* 13 000
(a) 20 296
(a) 16 452
(a) 2 312
741
57 436
128 614
1 380
5 272
91 266
6 045
9 551
121 733
4 495
4 760
113 718
2 390
11 423
168 068
109
16 575
518 629
425 680
370 211
179 880
129 955
523 720
493 552
222 458
31 492
696 279
463 102
165 471
39 712
789 315
467 383
166 704
109 026
1 134 350
450 270
3 223
5 203
—
25
3 274
1 525
—
—
2 073
1 499
—
113
2 175
6 478
10 242
—
1 424
8 849
18 262
8 502
402
89 444
...
41 329
9 151
3 390
5 077
4 886
210
4 539
6 158
6 508
(a) 3 863
9 858
5 820
12 695
(a) 2 857
11 333
18 914
12 115
13 456
18 563
492
15 474
14 733
514
12 817
1 485
3 923
17 611
571
213
12 841
53 107
798
3 140
79
170
74
3 136
3 262
26 100
6 402
13 823
4 007
7 685
10 915
33 109
28 271
5 762
40 449
58 381
69 130
48 940
47 778
109 516
6 399 941
15
78 064
5 154 853
16 347
41 054
7 580 839
144 797
303 741
8 239 446
294 637
153 370
1 281 730
148 931
16 173
7 775 799
1 009
71
5 282
8 368 190
68 273
363
41 908
10 323 041
116 682
2 114
43 370
676 364
145 063
15 992
37 906
5 257 817
133 531
1 676
9 382
4 409
7 136
7 405
11 385
(a) 5 331
(a) 19 771
(a) 73 002
35 712
19 701
3 102
4 068
217 029
5 333
3 784
14 530
120 553
630
4 434
3 801
112 009
8 724
2 507
1 116
32 337
573
160
441
28 266
53
Coal
Exports continued
Country
Slovakia
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Slovenia
Lignite
Spain
Anthracite
Other coal
Briquettes
Turkey
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
United Kingdom
Anthracite
Other coal
Briquettes
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
5 515
366 200
59 568
...
2 927
105 417
7 477
609
725
5 128
55
108
6 198
2 552
908
65
9 373
10
53
6 486
377
4 615
...
—
19
186 293
1 636 071
21 735
123 114
1 252 923
193
337 930
1 149 991
599
337 833
851 716
250
240 630
162 047
76
1 043
55 510
13 980
194
1 715
6 253
717
37 319
4 554
5 210
802
43 942
5 700
1 534
48 706
165 473
742 582
52 605
119 472
391 414
68 226
89 701
615 067
89 125
97 014
502 581
117 025
119 826
417 654
150 783
Note(s)
(1) This table excludes bunker shipments
(a) Including anthracite
(b) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Imports of coal
Country
Austria
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Belgium
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Bulgaria
Anthracite
Other coal
Briquettes
Croatia
Hard coal (a)
Lignite
Briquettes
Cyprus
Hard coal (a)
Czech Republic
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Denmark
Anthracite
Other coal
Briquettes
Estonia
Hard coal (a)
Finland
Hard coal (a)
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
4 388
4 114 518
46 392
26 474
3 454
4 079 423
72 734
30 538
3 774
3 614 354
68 777
34 999
5 760
3 359 294
74 609
35 695
5 932
3 339 262
75 705
26 598
3 964 878
10 171 283
365 152
20 943
1 436 499
5 807 413
256 167
31 346
2 660 267
6 851 382
362 257
27 379
3 382 132
5 887 514
411 424
53 793
2 377 808
7 104 464
425 918
40 447
2 841 458
2 054 649
66 676
1 938 000
1 130 146
10 238
1 858 397
1 081 783
46 754
2 203 775
1 032 074
19
1 132 609
1 080 540
47
1 189 379
58 417
2 796
712 873
47 504
1 730
1 112 822
85 413
1 823
1 092 794
85 316
2 302
875 116
44 423
2 175
46 258
28 911
7 714
129
164
39 211
2 181 691
33 579
18 654
24 054
1 761 947
36 617
60 962
24 471
2 016 443
49 426
137 933
95 762
2 286 190
91 889
157 513
121 247
1 833 669
350 322
156 682
45 282
7 412 557
1 000
12 593
6 423 923
455
(c)* 21 000
3 670 544
7 554
(c)* 6 000
(c)* 7 104 000
14 768
(c)* 6 000
(c)* 3 799 000
4 106
123 194
30 413
77 300
89 422
81 082
5 671 385
5 937 153
5 919 757
6 972 540
3 954 916
193
Coal
Imports continued
Country
France
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Germany
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Greece
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Hungary
Hard coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Iceland
Anthracite
Other coal
Ireland, Republic of
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Italy
Anthracite
Other coal
Briquettes
Latvia
Anthracite
Other coal
Lithuania
Anthracite
Other coal
Luxembourg
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Macedonia
Hard coal (a)
Lignite
Briquettes
Montenegro
Lignite
Briquettes
Netherlands
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Norway
Anthracite (b)
Other coal (b)(c)
Briquettes
Poland
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Portugal
Anthracite
Other coal
194
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2 817 048
18 470 782
68 426
154 140
1 914 614
13 893 343
51 577
151 863
2 291 609
16 688 152
52 076
129 465
1 304 643
14 073 053
82 504
102 257
1 527 937
16 249 645
75 621
164 158
4 137 690
37 215 220
39 248
70 400
3 893 429
30 926 568
37 839
132 895
3 643 048
34 850 251
24 400
404 681
2 535 881
40 187 648
41 768
291 675
1 399 126
41 993 809
21 509
138 019
41 475
371 479
35 457
111
37 585
168 663
58 053
5 827
48 783
512 663
87 707
62
117 406
169 990
165 417
12 986
21 961
117 867
206 384
53 028
1 893 076
767 480
16 093
(a) 1 340 769
413 094
17 519
(a) 1 744 778
297 335
14 352
(a) 1 570 645
318 792
11 018
(a) 1 556 689
224 685
21 885
91 576
6 609
104 094
9 903
101 220
3 521
103 822
6 701
103 989
4
47 392
2 169 185
153
19 049
53 413
1 721 651
415
40 482
77 112
1 601 294
242
31 507
33 665
2 149 095
60
30 673
30 564
2 028 332
34 846
46 258
490 757
25 745 375
5 392
210 384
20 165 036
7 786
408 391
21 820 370
6 233
394 026
23 656 907
3 857
266 462
25 609 289
1 905
12 145
157 066
78
136 199
1 273
180 075
12 649
185 516
5 111
152 423
3 049
379 646
15 755
199 684
3 616
313 355
24 260
368 099
62 934
256 651
34 471
81 616
7 119
16 525
83 454
7 093
24 834
76 133
7 090
16 256
73 322
7 710
10 994
69 623
8 620
214 078
...
56 640
85 660
340
9 207
160 162
23 409
7 623
189 549
42 052
22 546
233 556
27 024
18 209
12 792
15 410
6 734
3 448
—
(c) 0
62
3
39
14
79 784
17 843 689
5 265
53 432
8 005
14 084 993
29 239
53 030
44 958
18 783 491
21 933
132 281
225 184
18 008 920
15 824
429 514
257 485
21 017 984
22 991
1 398 836
81 955
* 538 000
24 406
54 199
* 367 000
1 074
78 387
* 517 000
1 160
79 140
* 230 000
733
78 412
* 468 000
792
553 152
9 531 959
18 057
10 960
310 290
10 362 090
30 307
25 788
583 158
13 127 065
35 973
60 548
582 605
14 090 331
67 550
60 758
407 120
9 652 129
134 135
53 873
48 793
3 721 513
28 472
4 922 698
21 454
2 648 704
30 860
3 592 502
42 657
4 999 817
Coal
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Romania
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Serbia
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Slovakia
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Slovenia
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Spain
Anthracite
Other coal
Sweden
Anthracite
Other coal
Briquettes
Switzerland
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Turkey
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
United Kingdom
Anthracite
Other coal
Briquettes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
110 484
3 008 391
121 227
148 890
56 296
937 077
62 469
102 372
72 776
936 727
718
96 428
148 260
840 669
1 706
197
137 388
1 142 615
3 492
197
10 500
326 808
249 563
6 071
10 752
89 731
276 033
2 181
18 056
156 846
307 250
11 130
16 456
183 713
615 026
8 975
13 988
178 984
716 035
18 239
258 597
4 253 530
983 151
6 733
264 286
3 828 520
693 786
7 877
293 054
3 078 570
563 021
12 799
713 105
3 110 255
534 118
14 836
635 877
32 401 325
624 731
16 545
8 364
66 144
833 308
3 997
29 146
507 013
7 898
18 975
544 523
15 300
15 329
515 659
8 745
14 920
599 679
957 293
20 010 533
767 027
15 967 793
846 015
10 983 379
852 813
15 315 861
594 330
21 819 298
36 163
2 811 668
9 029
20 373
1 831 397
33
48 767
3 236 437
43
38 136
2 971 646
52
34 827
2 218 768
39
18 721
132 824
80 814
3 986
5 444
172 990
66 483
4 933
7 164
124 096
62 756
3 328
7 144
92 473
69 378
2 887
12 121
129 051
48 704
3 750
707 425
18 781 879
...
457 575
19 501 679
...
972 425
21 048 121
5 339
990 996
22 721 500
—
854 104
28 405 516
75
213 318
43 038 043
14 131
207 327
36 553 574
9 021
187 246
23 227 529
11 169
193 474
31 627 894
21 142
29 186
42 069 614
15 004
Note(s)
(a) Including anthracite
(b) Excludes coal imported from Spitzbergen
(c) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
195
Coal
Coal - EU35 trade in 2012
Germany
United Kingdom
Slovakia
Turkey
Italy
Netherlands
Spain
France
Poland
Belgium
Portugal
Finland
Denmark
Austria
Czech Republic
Sweden
Bulgaria
Ireland, Republic of
Hungary
Romania
Serbia
Croatia
Slovenia
Norway
Greece
Lithuania
Macedonia
Switzerland
Latvia
Iceland
Luxembourg
Estonia
Cyprus
Montenegro
Exports
Imports
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
Millons tonnes
196
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Cobalt
Cobalt

Cobalt is a lustrous, greyish-silver, brittle metal. It is also very hard and can take a high polish. It retains its strength at high
temperatures and is ferromagnetic, which means it is capable of being magnetised. Cobalt is extensively used as an alloying metal
and is valued for its ability to produce very hard superalloys with useful magnetic properties and resistance to high temperatures. It is
also used in the manufacture of chemical compounds for a wide range of industrial uses, in rechargeable batteries and as a pigment in
glass, enamels, pottery and china.

Democratic Republic of Congo was the world’s largest producer of mined cobalt in 2012, with 68 per cent of the total world output. The
second largest was China (five per cent), followed by Zambia and Australia (with four per cent each). China was the world’s largest
producer of cobalt metal in 2012, with 38 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Finland (14 per cent), followed by
Canada (eight per cent), Zambia (seven per cent) and Australia (six per cent).
Mine production of cobalt
tonnes (metal content)
Country
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Finland
* 100
* 27
* 140
480
* 1 381
EU35 Production of cobalt metal 2012
Finland 58.5%
Rest of World 79.1%
France 1.8%
EU35 23.3%
Norway 16.4%
Belgium 23.3%
Production of cobalt metal
tonnes
Country
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Belgium (a)
Finland
France
Norway
3 020
9 645
311
3 719
2 150
8 970
368
3 510
2 600
9 429
302
3 208
3 187
10 627
354
3 067
4 200
10 562
326
2 969
EU35 Total
16 700
15 000
15 500
17 200
18 100
Note(s)
(1) In addition to the production listed above, several countries, including the United Kingdom, Finland and France, are known to produce
substantial amounts of cobalt compounds
(a) Some metal production in China is recorded in Belgium
197 Cobalt
EU35 Production of cobalt metal 2008 - 12
20 000
18 000
16 000
Tonnes
14 000
12 000
10 000
8 000
6 000
4 000
2 000
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Exports of cobalt
Country
Austria
Metal
Belgium
Ore
Metal (a)
Finland
Oxides (a)
Metal (a)
France
Oxides
Metal
Germany
Ore
Oxides
Metal
Ireland, Republic of
Ore
Metal
Italy
Oxides
Metal
Luxembourg
Metal
Netherlands
Oxides
Metal
Norway
Metal
Poland
Oxides
Slovenia
Metal
Spain
Metal
Sweden
Metal
Switzerland
Metal
United Kingdom
Oxides
Metal
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
31
60
72
60
111
1 112
* 7 000
1 227
* 4 700
633
* 4 400
2 431
* 2 400
362
* 2 300
* 2 600
* 5 700
* 3 100
* 4 500
* 5 400
* 3 900
* 6 400
* 4 200
* 4 300
* 6 000
28
859
50
706
3
785
3
1 086
4
1 100
145
158
1 588
103
69
1 067
88
102
1 481
—
113
1 393
8
84
1 533
144
47
84
145
184
234
68
125
177
234
235
220
141
205
206
187
224
230
188
177
7
3
1
305
1
959
1 090
65
353
144
1 733
67
2 062
132
1 934
3 731
3 550
3 325
3 064
3 059
24
64
8
3
2
24
50
65
33
71
8
17
4
25
72
67
285
220
99
200
120
70
80
97
113
798
2 614
891
2 572
1 267
1 780
820
1 739
1 179
1 865
Note(s)
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
198
Cobalt
Imports of cobalt
Country
Austria
Metal
Oxides
Belgium
Ore
Metal
Czech Republic
Metal
Denmark
Oxides
Finland
Ore
Metal
Oxides
France
Metal
Oxides
Germany
Ore
Metal
Oxides
Greece
Metal
Ireland, Republic of
Metal
Italy
Metal
Oxides
Luxembourg
Metal
Netherlands
Metal
Oxides
Norway
Metal
Oxides
Poland
Metal
Oxides
Romania
Oxides
Slovakia
Metal
Oxides
Slovenia
Metal
Spain
Metal
Oxides
Sweden
Metal
Switzerland
Metal
Turkey
Metal
Oxides
United Kingdom
Ore
Metal
Oxides
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
740
40
331
5
653
10
718
9
730
8
185
255
272
249
156
222
379
368
349
246
199
220
60
60
73
8
15
19
42
16
26 500
36 405
167
15 146
24 002
46
9 867
30 623
233
8 994
53 059
172
7 477
54 106
298
2 251
574
1 203
578
1 681
635
2 338
841
2 013
611
15
2 921
1 057
42
2 017
902
115
3 864
1 069
170
4 946
900
128
4 505
878
123
14
3
17
64
622
777
756
601
743
703
561
632
473
477
707
758
719
609
679
243
11
163
811
80
1 124
244
* 491
54
962
118
1 023
596
1 249
16
3 131
—
3 012
155
2 132
0
684
0
5 090
3
51
30
53
15
52
18
47
114
52
17
6
37
41
79
27
1 020
0
19
5 327
7
137
7
97
18
147
93
149
141
110
92
131
1 038
135
1 035
144
1 543
159
1 837
233
1 941
698
189
396
571
443
386
243
318
298
260
148
152
125
150
145
199
171
277
159
364
72
5 395
138
200
3 928
168
143
5 963
198
124
6 093
256
125
6 197
164
199
Cobalt
Cobalt - EU35 trade in 2012
Finland
United Kingdom
Germany
Norway
France
Spain
Italy
Exports
Netherlands
Imports
Austria
Turkey
Slovakia
Slovenia
Ireland, Republic of
Sweden
Metal
Oxide
Switzerland
Belgium
-20
-10
0
Thousand Tonnes
200
10
20
30
40
50
60
Copper
Copper
•
Copper is reddish, malleable and ductile metallic element with excellent thermal and electrical conductive qualities. It is a very
important industrial material and is used in the electrical, electronics, transportation and construction industries.
•
Chile was the world’s largest producer of mined copper in 2012, with 32 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was
China (ten per cent), followed by Peru (eight per cent), USA (seven per cent) and Australia (five per cent).
•
China was the world’s largest producer of refined copper in 2012, with 29 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was
Chile (14 per cent), followed by Japan (seven per cent), USA (five per cent) and Russia (four per cent).
EU35 Mine production of copper 2012
Portugal 7.6%
Serbia 3.3%
Spain 10.0%
Sweden 8.4%
Rest of World 94.2%
Turkey 10.4%
EU35 5.8%
Bulgaria 12.1%
Finland 2.6%
Others 2.0%
Poland 43.6%
Mine production of copper
tonnes (metal content)
Country
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Bulgaria (a)
Cyprus
Finland
Macedonia
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Serbia
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
107 195
2 986
13 300
8 051
429 687
89 026
308
17 600
7 071
57 688
82 400
110 652
2 380
14 600
7 440
439 365
86 462
3 129
19 400
17 663
55 414
72 400
112 904
2 595
14 700
7 912
425 725
74 011
5 127
22 500
54 335
76 514
79 900
114 603
3 660
14 000
7 555
426 665
79 686
6 355
25 800
68 511
82 967
92 500
118 255
4 328
25 446
9 506
427 064
74 043
5 902
32 205
97 636
82 422
101 700
EU35 Total
815 000
829 000
876 000
922 000
979 000
Note(s)
(a) Metal content of ore
EU35 Mine production of copper 2008 - 12
Thousand tonnes
(metal content)
1 200
1 000
800
600
400
200
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
201
Copper
EU35 Smelter production of copper 2012
Poland 25.8%
Serbia 2.0%
Spain 16.3%
Rest of World 86.4%
EU35 13.6%
Sweden 11.5%
Norway 2.1%
Turkey 1.4%
Germany 19.5%
Bulgaria 14.6%
Finland 6.9%
Smelter production of copper
Country
Bulgaria
Finland
Germany
Norway
Poland
Serbia
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
EU35 Total
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
257 100
142 154
295 000
37 000
492 942
31 900
259 897
203 700
38 000
256 200
110 479
251 000
33 900
457 510
27 000
264 971
183 400
—
265 000
112 687
378 700
36 200
469 656
20 000
259 119
181 500
—
285 000
116 455
346 200
36 000
481 875
28 200
260 730
206 100
* 25 000
264 200
124 527
352 400
38 000
466 715
36 800
295 200
207 300
* 25 000
1 758 000
1 584 000
1 723 000
1 786 000
1 810 000
Note(s)
(1) This table shows primary metal in the form of blister and anode produced from concentrates, and may include copper produced from
scrap but this is excluded when it can be separately identified
EU35 Smelter production of copper 2008 - 12
2 000
1 800
Thousand tonnes
1 600
1 400
1 200
1 000
800
600
400
200
0
2008
202
2009
2010
2011
2012
Copper
EU35 Production of refined copper 2012
Poland 19.5%
Others 5.9%
Spain 14.0%
Rest of World 85.7%
EU35 14.3%
Sweden 7.4%
Germany 23.7%
Austria 3.3%
Finland 4.5%
Belgium 13.9%
Bulgaria 7.8%
Production of refined copper
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Finland
Germany
Italy
Norway
Poland
Romania
Serbia
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
EU35 Total
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
106 700
395 800
126 700
2 986
131 249
689 763
24 200
37 000
526 808
15 300
33 800
319 050
227 774
88 000
96 200
373 600
196 900
2 380
105 411
668 945
6 500
33 900
502 462
4 600
27 400
329 356
205 759
33 500
113 700
389 000
216 000
2 595
112 687
704 300
1 800
36 200
547 074
—
22 200
347 518
190 497
47 300
112 500
393 600
226 100
3 660
124 360
708 800
7 600
36 000
571 041
—
25 300
353 790
219 316
85 000
95 000
401 600
226 000
4 328
129 256
685 700
7 700
38 000
565 834
—
34 700
406 600
214 050
86 300
2 725 000
2 587 000
2 731 000
2 867 000
2 895 000
Note(s)
(1) Figures relate to both primary and secondary refined copper, whether electrolytic or fire refined. Metal recovered from secondary
materials by remelting alone is excluded
EU35 Production of refined copper 2008 - 12
3 500
Thousand tonnes
3 000
2 500
2 000
1 500
1 000
500
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
203 Copper
Exports of copper
Country
Austria
Matte and cement
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Belgium
Ores and concentrates
Matte and cement
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Bulgaria
Ores and concentrates
Matte and cement
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Scrap
Croatia
Scrap
Cyprus
Unwrought
Scrap
Czech Republic
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Denmark
Scrap
Estonia
Unwrought
Scrap
Finland
Matte and cement
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Scrap
France
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Germany
Ores and concentrates
Matte and cement
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Greece
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Hungary
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Ireland, Republic of
Scrap
Italy
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
204
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
719
75
114 903
938
35 582
3 109
217
115 480
1 058
50 748
960
7 636
135 132
804
52 702
0
7 780
128 551
690
55 454
—
1 049
124 897
528
60 033
2 155
4 139
10 533
257 907
10 954
162 090
4 594
2 432
11 570
248 500
9 253
110 355
4 549
6 935
42 836
189 253
12 116
141 380
2 046
9 042
40 660
187 595
11 763
165 713
3 242
10 231
27 586
242 533
12 436
168 705
105 889
3 559
146 271
105 747
10 547
134 910
4 749
73 379
153 025
10 717
86 171
5 048
7 926
206 309
18 226
131 874
5 827
10 844
353 450
12 982
204 416
4 565
70 347
202 885
12 318
10 884
10 202
13 329
12 597
14 016
2 986
2 381
2 449
3 400
2 550
4 619
3 660
4 086
4 328
5 435
3 597
4 278
63 825
10 653
3 992
105 230
11 041
3 515
123 688
10 703
2 884
85 202
20 225
1 238
74 592
33 421
31 711
30 006
33 289
27 276
131
8 185
520
5 633
1 790
6 915
744
5 171
2 386
5 549
...
27 525
68 331
32 585
...
37 084
41 139
32 762
...
35 132
57 969
32 819
19 610
24 908
41 603
33 714
18 588
29 714
59 950
32 739
512
54 893
13 049
266 930
1 002
59 426
9 455
235 277
7 356
23 258
12 786
292 631
9 545
35 309
10 624
305 883
2 430
39 858
11 182
317 556
48 234
2
125 162
16 485
478 643
58 932
1
194 104
9 781
449 990
48 761
8 431
136 110
13 276
578 448
54 856
9
196 627
12 276
585 346
57 074
2
278 957
14 578
587 935
356
1 198
12 314
2 748
1 071
15 742
825
2 097
21 994
4 456
4 346
18 672
981
969
28 705
...
989
20 958
...
314
19 120
24
571
15 319
786
1 120
31 459
5 867
476
37 048
21 421
23 305
13 172
10 168
10 046
6 426
6 955
15 268
148 923
2 752
13 186
12 787
158 062
7 290
8 648
15 553
167 424
8 502
13 506
20 024
174 068
7 811
21 312
21 264
181 600
Copper
Exports continued
Country
Latvia
Unwrought
Scrap
Lithuania
Unwrought
Scrap
Luxembourg
Scrap
Macedonia
Ores and concentrates (a)
Unwrought
Scrap
Malta
Scrap
Montenegro
Scrap
Netherlands
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Norway
Unwrought
Scrap
Poland
Matte and cement
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Portugal
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Romania
Ores and concentrates
Matte and cement
Unwrought
Scrap
Serbia
Ores and concentrates
Matte and cement
Unwrought
Scrap
Slovakia
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Scrap
Slovenia
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Spain
Ores and concentrates
Matte and cement
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Sweden
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Switzerland
Unwrought
Scrap
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
4 117
6 900
2 518
6 138
726
7 106
1 650
13 679
5 471
8 494
135
4 675
610
3 375
591
4 128
4 873
5 724
1 481
7 582
2 412
1 787
2 492
2 449
2 449
* 41 000
—
2 302
* 39 000
14
2 029
* 41 000
8
576
* 39 000
8
2 845
* 45 000
1 090
2 221
1 890
1 828
919
1 096
1 287
1 356
1 029
1 769
2 356
1 650
27 105
6 693
241 332
29 260
2 413
143 329
20 175
2 379
283 847
34 435
3 057
315 437
59 260
2 389
328 463
37 499
22 561
33 497
25 339
35 975
37 829
36 549
45 889
38 146
55 842
2 989
296 738
5 469
63 779
1 515
325 395
2 358
64 606
956
332 989
1 180
68 686
1 567
327 585
1 260
60 544
1 306
333 648
2 571
49 128
375 755
600
22 184
371 881
2 098
20 213
305 485
1 887
24 491
327 096
9 969
36 151
312 192
8 425
41 285
33 391
8 494
153
39 733
6 711
4 502
601
42 148
31 582
956
797
49 248
39 704
186
308
54 536
41 879
379
1 603
51 844
3 448
41
4 421
7 637
1 452
1 928
4 328
7 920
1 666
2 501
10 921
12 286
2 234
1 649
9 544
9 991
4 276
358
15 612
10 496
28 392
6 749
21 144
26 251
3 721
15 114
7 431
27 576
15 550
11 508
32 017
19 522
40 404
3 376
23 250
244
...
15 606
1 376
...
17 991
7 042
...
29 276
5 847
...
22 126
1 094
533
33 239
463
...
41 676
85 899
12 139
83 820
110 724
—
38 761
108 716
12 150
100 498
221 429
...
33 973
151 204
15 881
102 236
583 874
17 649
37 314
86 800
15 809
87 122
529 494
9 409
43 168
145 142
17 571
159 419
49
70 047
5 610
57 245
—
77 745
3 181
55 603
24
71 394
8 563
43 311
8 010
92 971
5 615
58 031
4 266
105 338
3 585
58 829
1 159
82 687
623
71 204
832
75 973
1 030
84 373
935
86 964
205
Copper
Exports continued
Country
Turkey
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
United Kingdom
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
251 958
34 910
6 869
9 670
356 922
4 505
2 237
16 426
421 536
2 106
6 764
12 426
257 914
2 845
10 135
5 124
351 882
5 701
7 673
9 226
3 066
4 850
17 822
358 981
205
14 059
11 839
429 467
185
8 863
12 782
421 868
194
17 951
16 872
513 394
647
24 498
15 441
373 943
Note(s)
(1) In this table the term 'unwrought' copper corresponds to items 7402, 7403, 7405 of the Harmonised System and includes both unrefined
(including blister) and refined copper
(2) The term 'unwrought' as used here includes alloys unless these are separately specified. The term 'scrap' includes scrap alloys
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Imports of copper
Country
Austria
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Belgium
Ores and concentrates
Matte and cement
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Bulgaria
Ores and concentrates
Matte and cement
Unwrought
Scrap
Croatia
Unwrought
Czech Republic
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Denmark
Unwrought
Scrap
Estonia
Unwrought
Finland
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
France
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
206
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
39 590
8 855
1 866
113 109
24 445
4 868
1 617
134 063
36 218
10 361
1 412
145 903
44 412
16 680
1 376
130 675
42 637
8 374
2 183
127 187
12 039
4 482
206 660
54 380
1 749
249 718
17 378
36 352
212 932
79 524
2 669
215 202
10 554
29 857
191 159
61 447
4 917
272 816
13 735
41 741
206 987
34 734
5 134
255 661
1 278
40 104
181 032
71 465
2 971
303 702
609 258
34 997
30 422
23 856
635 039
15 160
8 016
20 730
575 192
13 642
8 272
35 464
836 387
2 006
12 441
52 461
756 349
98
6 982
64 563
880
760
944
1 627
744
11 474
3 862
8 677
21 475
3 050
9 639
6 846
3 674
11 804
6 252
3 388
18 859
16 354
1 867
18 874
2 818
11 235
1 413
10 388
1 978
9 125
2 255
9 075
1 692
7 547
659
489
520
484
4 180
536 584
2 490
3 542
4 146
352 370
16 298
2 415
7 349
458 174
4 212
2 783
6 967
415 365
4 711
2 528
7 726
424 982
6 366
1 819
9 839
435 455
8 987
81 036
265 766
7 980
50 753
227 271
9 242
72 220
226 312
9 148
81 824
218 176
8 200
76 972
Copper
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Germany
Ores and concentrates
Matte and cement
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Greece
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Hungary
Unwrought
Scrap
Ireland, Republic of
Ores and concentrates
Italy
Matte and cement
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Latvia
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Lithuania
Unwrought
Scrap
Luxembourg
Scrap
Netherlands
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Norway
Unwrought
Scrap
Poland
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Portugal
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Romania
Unwrought
Scrap
Serbia
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Slovakia
Ores and concentrates
Matte and cement
Unwrought
Scrap
Slovenia
Unwrought
Scrap
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
1 088 291
10 102
24 706
833 354
40 073
563 560
1 252 430
4 133
46 840
658 703
38 538
454 753
1 128 472
12 739
23 331
743 934
36 249
626 442
1 124 525
2 742
68 147
737 763
35 493
647 084
1 215 273
2 415
45 707
702 577
37 491
655 895
79 928
9 393
18 628
57 367
305
11 245
63 443
241
20 017
53 615
643
29 253
53 416
664
43 607
3 016
5 933
2 168
10 091
3 637
4 038
4 819
5 416
11 217
4 831
30 176
42 945
2
2
2
748
617 790
18 531
167 212
1 503
544 635
8 166
91 519
24
628 325
14 679
129 074
0
615 251
15 910
148 358
25
583 215
14 795
137 709
3 609
1 361
656
3 049
926
1 307
712
698
2 942
2 153
950
3 855
4 310
2 597
5 014
1 454
550
415
409
596
436
4 652
634
1 251
2 505
8 833
7 533
10 708
10 061
14 275
66
26
35 077
2 440
116 503
46
2 678
33 771
1 329
—
40
7 194
26 982
2 101
144 426
125
5 502
41 659
2 111
204 327
2 529
9
25 369
1 930
214 211
3 133
11 189
1 627
9 727
4 609
9 891
909
12 856
704
12 073
62 443
33 376
6 629
3 012
19 269
78 027
40 030
13 838
2 408
22 153
38 000
33 717
26 944
2 813
24 316
45 484
23 581
11 822
2 939
26 201
41 333
22 766
19 234
4 229
53 828
1 204
4 330
10 229
4 027
4 453
7 550
5 534
4 127
8 819
4 725
4 378
7 973
4 688
3 993
5 169
22 116
4 197
10 926
437
2 282
2 443
2 915
3 218
1 899
2 355
55 655
22 694
33 808
41 399
...
37 129
3 063
26 995
0
14 679
—
...
4 120
17 350
2 113
3 300
4 685
29 141
462
799
6 153
40 347
1
10
7 531
30 687
—
—
8 665
37 623
2 649
9 687
2 826
11 452
8 369
22 407
7 062
12 350
1 287
10 222
207
Copper
Imports continued
Country
Spain
Ores and concentrates
Matte and cement
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Sweden
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Switzerland
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Turkey
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
United Kingdom
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
1 122 093
...
3 733
79 125
4 352
65 765
1 184 321
21
3 133
80 898
3 473
68 166
1 229 148
992
518
73 904
3 947
82 931
1 482 354
17 530
12 747
62 695
6 719
89 499
1 517 856
9 417
685
44 567
4 109
97 129
393 295
23 539
21 123
5 239
91 839
362 803
22 072
23 107
2 040
96 542
302 514
3 100
46 383
5 181
108 971
300 878
5 843
31 760
3 186
121 099
310 772
6 690
30 772
2 588
139 188
5 903
3 925
5 266
3 473
3 276
2 710
3 229
4 137
6 061
2 353
3 520
4 178
2 006
3 489
2 244
3 884
38 116
287 705
3 060
1 263
0
4 852
289 672
2 828
870
1 329
5 892
332 482
6 601
3 943
5
4 329
337 337
9 450
6 181
29
2 824
348 938
6 695
3 806
5 529
47 716
5 721
21 132
3 034
45 249
4 066
18 549
2 039
40 708
5 688
27 495
1 267
34 627
5 498
29 010
147
38 674
5 957
27 214
Note(s)
(1) In this table the term 'unwrought' copper corresponds to items 7402, 7403, 7405 of the Harmonised System and includes both unrefined
(including blister) and refined copper
(2) The term 'unwrought' as used here includes alloys unless these are separately specified. The term 'scrap' includes scrap alloys
208
Copper
Copper - EU35 trade in 2012
Germany
Italy
Turkey
Belgium
France
Greece
Austria
Spain
Poland
United Kingdom
Sw eden
Netherlands
Czech Republic
Exports
Serbia
Hungary
Portugal
Imports
Slovakia
Finland
Bulgaria
Latvia
Sw itzerland
Romania
Metal
Denmark
Scrap
Slovenia
Croatia
Norw ay
-1 000
-500
0
500
1 000
1 500
Thousand tonnes
209
Diamond
Diamond
•
Diamond is a polymorph of carbon and is the hardest substance known. It is used mainly in jewellery, abrasives and cutting tools.
•
Russia was the world’s largest producer in 2012, with 27 per cent of the total world output. The second largest is Botswana (with 16
per cent), followed by the Democratic Republic of Congo (also with 16 per cent), Zimbabwe (nine per cent) and Canada (eight per
cent).
Exports of diamond
Country
Austria
Unsorted
Gem, cut
Dust
Belgium
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Czech Republic
Gem, cut
Denmark
Unsorted
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
France
Gem
Dust
Germany
Unsorted (a)
Gem
Dust
Greece
Unsorted
Gem
Industrial
Hungary
Unsorted
Dust
Ireland, Republic of
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Italy
Unsorted
Gem, cut
Dust
Luxembourg
Dust
Netherlands
Unsorted
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Portugal
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Slovakia
Gem, cut
Dust
210
Carats
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
£71 000
£5 778 000
£165 000
£189 000
£4 053 000
£260 000
£729 000
£3 564 000
£225 000
£3 302 000
£6 211 000
£66 000
£170 000
£3 657 000
£34 000
99 500 000
5 950 000
500 000
£14 405 000
85 500 000
5 178 000
1 670 000
£11 148 000
113 000 000
6 034 000
3 320 000
£13 948 000
90 500 000
6 232 100
3 170 746
£12 800 000
89 000 000
* 280 000
* 5 900 000
£11 590 000
£3 947 000
£3 046 000
£4 465 000
£7 709 000
£6 721 000
95 000
3 000 000
1 025 000
5 000
15 000
685 000
40 000
5 400 000
...
520 000
90 000
7 625 000
2 875 000
545 000
125 000
24 850 000
60 000
360 000
55 000
18 500 000
293 420
838 620
394 845
940 610
145 682
1 609 470
129 943
8 768 911
* 500 000
2 075 000
£* 1 285 000
155 988
3 410 935
£* 775 000
179 213
2 560 000
£* 863 000
161 687
5 355 000
£* 489 000
155 370
12 810 000
£* 265 000
137 301
14 735 000
£29 000
£501 000
£105 000
£206 000
£1 356 000
£31 000
£43 000
£1 956 000
£49 000
£99 000
£405 000
£20 000
£213 000
£270 000
£24 000
...
...
...
...
4 000 000
...
5 500 000
...
3 500 000
14 500 000
345 000
4 872
...
210 000
204 108
25 308 022
345 000
58 658
65 757 012
260 000
2 801 447
2 738 380
600 000
460 000
...
225 000
149 203
10 384 560
200 000
155 195
1 550 895
210 000
243 170
15 054 770
205 000
181 572
14 873 656
2 880 000
...
10 850 000
346 291 881
313 330
750 900
1 006 960
13 945 000
£442 000
£7 567 000
£2 156 000
£45 000
£494 000
£3 780 000
£1 415 000
£196 000
£371 000
£3 132 000
£2 179 000
£51 000
£1 799 000
£16 418 000
£1 282 000
£57 000
£823 000
£8 002 000
£1 508 000
£97 000
£55 000
...
—
£52 000
1 500 000
10 000
£550
3 500 000
92 107
£61 000
1 000 000
788 459
£136 000
1 500 000
1 000 000
...
...
...
100
7 000 000
6 250 000
3 000 000
2 934 017
500 000
...
Diamond
Exports continued
Country
Spain
Unsorted
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Switzerland
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Dust
Turkey
Dust
United Kingdom
Unsorted
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Carats
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
£503 000
...
£6 631 000
£498 000
400 810
£266 000
...
£5 328 000
£171 000
182 628
£292 000
...
£7 350 000
£210 000
689 563
£154 000
...
£9 802 000
£590 000
8 454 551
£490 000
£130 000
£9 021 000
£42 000
21 675 000
7 888
582 240
44 105 000
1 230
252 685
30 400 000
14 892
357 976
60 980 000
3 628
435 272
70 880 000
5 000
145 000
59 620 000
3 494 000
1 000 025
1 253 750
7 702 486
400 000
3 388 395
66 479 817
795 612
6 121 081
122 681 695
4 090 534
43 775 775
257 202
4 440 922
105 427 105
3 689 202
51 769 860
283 435
2 478 568
113 451 535
2 735 369
41 541 219
1 292 162
3 864 054
42 269 921
2 974 099
46 117 478
1 702 424
3 949 553
32 288 331
Note(s)
(1) Carats have been used as the unit in this table except where the only obtainable figure is the value. In these cases the national
currency figure has been converted to £sterling
(2) See explanatory notes at the front of the volume regarding currency conversion
(3) In this table the term 'Dust' corresponds to item 7105.10 of the Harmonised System and includes both natural and synthetic diamond
dust
(a) BGS estimates, based on known value of imports to certain countries
Imports of diamond
Country
Austria
Unsorted
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Belgium
Unsorted
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Bulgaria
Dust
Cyprus
Gem, cut
Industrial
Czech Republic
Gem, cut
Dust
Denmark
Unsorted
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Finland
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Carats
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
£1 648 000
£8 881 000
£473 000
33 000 000
£543 000
£9 795 000
£313 000
17 000 000
£729 000
£9 838 000
£193 000
30 000 000
£3 371 000
£19 112 000
£5 500
38 000 000
£406 050
£10 309 000
£149 000
30 500 000
526 381
55 000 000
4 500 000
8 000 000
63 000 000
495 270
44 000 000
500 000
3 500 000
35 000 000
462 450
63 000 000
3 000 000
3 000 000
61 000 000
418 531
67 500 000
3 000 000
1 000 000
58 000 000
* 410 000
54 500 000
500 000
2 500 000
68 500 000
7 623 860
4 940 300
7 251 395
7 571 255
* 7 641 000
£1 564 000
£1 311 000
£1 724 000
£587 000
£955 000
£1 007 000
£976 000
£944 000
£921 000
£1 474 000
116 669
£1 369 000
7 306
£977 000
5 567
£1 704 000
6 796
£1 954 000
* 10 000
£2 057 000
£1 168 000
£7 424 000
£104 000
1 905 000
£40 000
£4 680 000
£223 000
10 680 000
£255 000
£5 339 000
£59 000
2 075 000
£82 000
£5 884 000
£88 000
1 940 000
£17 000
£8 897 000
£137 000
1 210 000
£109 000
£3 698 000
500 000
625 200
£56 000
£3 133 000
20 000
273 415
£168 000
£3 575 000
65 000
519 830
£131 000
£3 346 000
520 000
773 725
£111 000
£3 201 000
20 000
645 000
211
Diamond
Imports continued
Country
France
Unsorted
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Germany
Gem
Industrial
Dust
Greece
Unsorted
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust (a)
Hungary
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Iceland
Gem, cut
Ireland, Republic of
Unsorted
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Italy
Unsorted
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Luxembourg
Unsorted
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Montenegro
Dust
Netherlands
Unsorted
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Norway
Gem, cut
Industrial
Poland
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Portugal
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Serbia
Dust
Slovakia
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Slovenia
Dust
212
Carats
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
£3 028 000
344
450 568
73 641
13 938 146
£3 338 000
1 854
691 852
40 221
9 314 960
£2 913 000
469
468 867
30 480
12 512 821
£3 615 000
2 960
660 561
30 012
22 167 841
£11 789 000
* 1 500
* 843 000
* 54 000
21 135 000
709 636
505 400
45 914 930
301 075
211 630
25 210 000
377 399
122 838
64 065 000
366 385
143 922
89 060 000
311 770
158 572
94 415 000
118 725 000
425 000
2 815 000
22 810 000
* 4 371 000
2 375 000
3 365 000
6 370 000
43 195 000
* 1 813 000
910 000
920 000
8 365 000
4 375 000
* 214 000
470 000
...
2 615 000
3 680 000
* 77 000
135 000
15 000
5 390 000
2 150 000
* 90 000
£220 000
(a)£* 294 000
(a)* 4 550 000
£167 000
£171 000
(a)* 5 450 000
£280 000
£168 000
(a)* 8 910 000
£657 000
£675 000
(a)* 12 690 000
£421 000
£346 000
14 500 000
* 200 000
* 100 000
110 592
90 000
160 000
£1 019 000
3 240 000
28 020 000
10 560 000
232 059 616
£478 000
1 885 000
18 170 000
2 100 000
86 782 073
£362 000
1 565 000
11 385 000
4 585 000
86 782 073
£320 000
1 620 000
6 745 000
2 570 000
737 418 949
£314 000
1 595 000
3 905 000
1 545 000
358 020 000
£6 628 000
10 000
£307 964 000
£4 859 000
252 290 000
£1 738 000
25 000
£203 538 000
£1 481 000
121 055 000
£8 198 000
60 000
£285 718 000
£7 993 000
196 860 000
£8 652 000
115 000
£370 521 000
£7 254 000
248 520 000
£7 050 000
175 000
£338 455 000
£4 318 000
252 160 000
£24 000
£595 000
155 000
£691 000
£47 000
£446 000
60 000
£227 000
£20 000
£418 000
105 000
£609 000
£248 000
£533 000
35 000
£472 000
£262 000
£864 000
860 000
£891 000
117 503
17 850
45 000
...
...
£803 000
£1 071 000
£17 750 000
£1 088 000
791 805
£551 000
£95 000
£10 757 000
£613 000
426 830
£80 000
£47 000
£15 248 000
£624 000
290 475
£192 000
£38 000
£35 316 000
£1 393 000
2 074 815
£144 000
£61 000
£30 128 000
£1 392 000
820 000
13 178
100 000
9 604
85 000
8 545
160 000
5 305
140 000
* 4 400
285 000
£4 686 000
237 903
£334 000
£2 509 000
169 851
£196 000
£2 128 000
35 260
£179 000
£3 805 000
16 703
£273 000
£2 532 000
* 8 300
£376 000
£3 949 000
£296 000
5 891 661
£1 756 000
£246 000
5 514 973
£2 039 000
£111 000
10 117 653
£3 732 000
£122 000
16 401 864
£2 906 000
£86 000
5 595 000
417 357
478 650
550 000
885 000
425 000
£2 924 000
10 817
...
£1 993 000
* 2 600
59 781
£2 530 000
55 000
18 560 000
£2 720 000
1 037 208
129 250
£6 610 000
* 10 000
* 193 000
1 395 416
723 391
1 656 306
1 423 460
990 000
Diamond
Imports continued
Country
Spain
Unsorted
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Sweden
Unsorted
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Switzerland
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Dust
Turkey
Gem
Industrial
Dust
United Kingdom
Unsorted
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Carats
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
£1 959 000
£181 000
£40 012 000
£1 485 000
42 938 192
£1 591 000
£207 000
£30 290 000
£917 000
30 861 760
£1 814 000
£312 000
£26 488 000
£275 000
27 500 320
£3 864 000
£276 000
£25 312 000
£605 000
27 699 364
£2 441 000
£487 000
£24 197 000
£774 000
* 19 429 000
£100 000
10 938
217 127
4 000 000
£23 000
8 709
6 907
1 500 000
£125 000
9 615
26 277
8 000 000
£105 000
12 118
5 390
9 500 000
£178 000
* 8 000
* 8 100
* 9 100 000
11 566
1 147 690
54 445 000
4 498
534 700
39 130 000
20 460
840 245
74 015 000
3 263
1 227 118
101 250 000
* 3 000
* 1 012 000
82 185 000
141 553
102 596
18 430 000
51 740
29 724
19 120 000
131 146
46 890
25 190 000
141 277
82 417
31 125 000
...
65 000
36 995 000
10 283 610
59 534 653
1 343 330
5 127 610
187 268 975
8 348 854
44 064 081
868 406
3 321 670
88 148 090
8 703 907
40 559 260
761 455
7 299 364
111 136 020
8 484 526
38 472 604
18 292 931
10 236 376
32 411 894
9 238 531
33 227 748
7 009 031
7 747 613
26 886 717
Note(s)
(1) Carats have been used as the unit in this table except where the only obtainable figure is the value. In these cases the national figure
has been converted to £sterling
(2) See explanatory notes at the front of the volume regarding currency conversion
(3) In this table the term 'Dust' corresponds to item 7105.10 of the Harmonised System and includes both natural and synthetic diamond
dust
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
213
Diatomite
Diatomite
•
Diatomite is a siliceous sedimentary rock composed of the skeletons of fossilised diatoms (microscopic plants). Clay content of the
rock has a strong control on the quality of the diatomite. Diatomite is valued for its high porosity, chemical inertness and ability to
absorb liquids. It is used in industry in high-quality filters and as an industrial absorbent.
•
USA was the world’s largest producer in 2012, with 42 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was China (22 per cent),
followed by Denmark (six per cent), Japan and Peru (five per cent each).
EU35 Production of diatomite 2012
France 25.7%
Others 0.7%
Rest of World 85.2%
Spain 20.8%
EU35 14.8%
Denmark 38.1%
Czech Republic 14.7%
Production of diatomite
tonnes
Country
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Czech Republic
Denmark
Moler (a)
France
Hungary
Poland
Spain (b)
31 000
—
32 000
46 000
43 000
158 000
* 75 000
—
600
46 192
126 000
* 75 000
1 277
670
29 194
124 000
* 75 000
1 197
1 000
64 346
126 000
* 75 000
1 309
580
83 624
111 000
* 75 000
* 1 300
600
60 777
EU35 Total
311 000
232 000
298 000
333 000
292 000
Note(s)
(a) Moler is an impure diatomite containing a large proportion of clay
(b) Including Tripoli
EU35 Production of diatomite 2008 - 12
350
Thousand tonnes
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
2008
214
2009
2010
2011
2012
Diatomite
Exports of diatomite
Country
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark (a)
France
Germany
Italy
Lithuania
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
3 043
2 612
4 128
* 67 800
23 239
7 189
9 991
30
301
770
277
554
5 306
749
59
40 370
903
3 286
1 907
3 789
* 57 500
21 713
5 035
10 392
78
1 365
6
85
473
4 678
693
99
39 267
533
3 467
3 004
4 231
* 57 300
26 822
5 361
6 716
551
359
1
111
7 545
7 382
829
453
37 432
1 650
2 756
3 122
5 182
* 56 800
25 420
14 251
2 226
615
633
—
788
7 299
6 637
1 098
564
28 104
797
3 550
2 690
6 751
* 42 700
25 245
22 190
1 229
234
807
9
3 012
11 538
10 384
1 214
629
36 985
659
Note(s)
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Imports of diatomite
Country
Austria
Belgium
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
12 561
8 353
511
4 768
5 849
3 344
14 308
49 237
790
1 110
1 458
3 939
681
763
1 492
6 275
1 891
9 504
1 372
3 798
577
644
8 861
6 929
4 864
1 491
23 084
16 327
6 414
462
3 173
3 347
3 015
15 163
38 258
482
796
1 243
2 497
534
836
7 054
3 794
931
9 790
1 127
2 477
901
550
9 600
6 082
5 071
1 392
22 014
13 324
11 813
402
2 753
3 294
4 367
17 477
43 487
668
957
640
3 920
412
744
7 858
4 641
842
6 753
2 284
2 269
784
718
8 191
8 099
5 758
1 319
18 649
12 798
10 815
555
3 263
4 165
3 432
14 098
39 892
623
1 189
699
5 555
805
1 174
7 394
6 034
808
9 365
2 340
2 459
415
623
7 989
8 247
4 642
1 702
20 042
12 452
7 143
616
3 829
3 056
3 426
13 279
42 122
647
885
965
5 091
812
865
129
6 232
867
7 802
2 242
1 827
461
397
7 368
7 532
5 177
2 124
19 752
215
Diatomite
Diatomite - EU35 trade in 2012
Germany
United Kingdom
France
Austria
Poland
Sweden
Spain
Belgium
Netherlands
Switzerland
Italy
Czech Republic
Finland
Denmark
Portugal
Turkey
Romania
Ireland, Republic of
Hungary
Norway
Lithuania
Latvia
Greece
Croatia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Luxembourg
Exports
Imports
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Thousand tonnes
216
10
20
30
40
50
Feldspar
Feldspar
•
Feldspar is an abundant rock-forming alumino-silicate mineral. It is an essential component of glass and ceramic manufacture where it
behaves as a flux and adds hardness, durability and resistance to corrosion.
•
Turkey was the world’s largest producer in 2012, with 32 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Italy (19 per cent),
followed by China (ten per cent), Thailand and India (with four per cent each).
EU35 Production of feldspar 2012
Others 3.8%
Poland 3.2%
Spain 3.5%
Italy 30.6%
Rest of World
42.7%
EU35
60.9%
Turkey 52.1%
France 3.9%
Czech Republic 2.9%
Production of feldspar
Country
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Italy
Macedonia
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom (a)(b)
EU35 Total
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
* 90 000
488 000
45 250
* 650 000
161 416
62 000
4 727 000
28 920
62 000
599 100
230 427
22 995
* 200
10 000
690 256
22 000
6 500 000
430
* 80 000
431 000
23 120
* 550 000
106 837
55 737
* 4 700 000
19 377
48 000
445 500
210 266
14 317
149
13 000
597 496
18 000
4 000 000
—
* 80 000
388 000
28 013
* 650 000
* 204 000
23 050
* 4 700 000
23 188
56 000
513 700
169 722
6 049
253
—
691 894
22 000
6 281 597
—
* 80 000
407 000
26 292
* 600 000
* 218 000
10 200
* 4 700 000
25 032
25 271
538 800
187 159
3 814
23 586
—
662 418
30 000
7 076 068
—
* 80 000
445 000
43 124
600 000
* 220 000
—
* 4 700 000
17 168
—
487 200
167 287
4 112
19 927
—
530 238
27 000
* 8 000 000
*—
14 390 000
11 313 000
13 837 000
14 614 000
15 341 000
Note(s)
(a) China stone
(b) Including weathered granite feldspar
217
Feldspar
EU35 Production of feldspar 2008 - 12
18 000
16 000
Thousand tonnes
14 000
12 000
10 000
8 000
6 000
4 000
2 000
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Exports of feldspar
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Italy
Macedonia
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden
Turkey (a)
United Kingdom
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
15 194
994
16 912
171 596
36 482
244 785
121 777
5 806
324 977
23 762
555
58 211
2 049
873
16 438
79 120
10 670
* 4 600 000
82
14 025
1 117
15 007
135 533
26 613
182 575
70 130
718
126 289
18 457
1 355
47 711
1 829
1 290
8 375
56 161
7 646
* 2 500 000
369
13 474
64
19 087
129 715
31 844
226 149
78 610
1 119
194 763
21 924
105
55 637
3 050
2 190
1
69 337
11 251
* 3 400 000
38
11 807
317
19 329
166 859
31 700
226 934
76 300
1 562
288 246
25 111
112
30 617
3 012
3 197
283
71 959
19 258
* 3 500 000
34
11 452
417
19 414
171 207
47 889
207 687
70 936
1 279
220 404
14 857
281
4 821
1 376
17 482
260
63 369
16 831
* 3 500 000
92
Note(s)
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
218
Feldspar
Imports of feldspar
tonnes
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
1 928
34 837
31 346
15 983
11 414
2 678
114
699
59 857
143 758
2 830
10 418
2 511 704
852
1 516
12 633
17 367
243 798
85 400
49 160
15 131
24 788
6 576
1 410 760
3 861
7 653
28 594
18 899
1 933
27 113
54 178
14 603
5 330
2 666
115
851
43 981
130 081
5 851
14 499
1 570 345
9
2 958
8 849
13 781
176 717
72 275
37 639
8 424
16 352
8 899
664 830
4 268
6 478
28 166
9 299
2 433
24 495
86 861
14 763
6 298
1 211
94
1 209
31 721
139 663
12 195
14 235
1 951 827
577
6 265
15 721
16 413
243 645
63 675
36 924
10 139
5 886
14 954
856 406
6 410
6 593
39 953
17 584
2 804
22 623
86 056
14 001
6 527
2 612
109
1 217
34 907
153 713
9 469
14 211
1 954 499
561
10 278
9 071
18 228
324 426
49 902
45 421
11 864
5 590
13 168
993 378
4 363
6 124
34 726
16 750
2 442
17 062
84 230
11 676
4 735
45
17 881
4 902
36 109
109 157
20
13 905
1 905 805
1 292
6 700
57 431
14 322
287 882
61 516
47 688
11 302
5 518
6 012
926 809
547
4 575
47 361
21 610
Feldspar - EU35 trade in 2012
Italy
Spain
Poland
Germany
Bulgaria
Portugal
Netherlands
Romania
Turkey
France
Exports
United Kingdom
Estonia
Belgium
Norway
Hungary
Imports
Croatia
Serbia
Lithuania
Slovenia
Finland
Czech Republic
Austria
Sweden
Macedonia
-4,000 -3,500 -3,000 -2,500 -2,000 -1,500 -1,000
-500
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
Thousand tonnes
219
Fluorspar
Fluorspar

Fluorspar is the commercial name for the mineral fluorite (calcium fluoride) and it is an important raw material source of fluorine. Most
fluorspar production is used in the manufacture of hydrofluoric acid which is used primarily in the pharmaceutical and agrichemical
industries. Fluorspar is also used in steel and aluminium manufacture.

China was the world’s largest producer in 2012, with 62 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Mexico (17 per
cent), followed by Mongolia (six per cent), South Africa (three per cent) and Spain (two per cent).
EU35 Production of fluorspar 2012
Spain 47.8%
Rest of World 96.7%
EU35 3.3%
Germany 22.8%
Bulgaria 29.4%
Production of fluorspar
tonnes
Country
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Bulgaria
Germany
Spain
United Kingdom
—
48 519
148 736
36 801
32
49 962
122 533
18 536
10
59 086
132 341
26 420
31 800
65 619
117 063
—
69 700
54 202
113 570
—
EU35 Total
234 000
191 000
218 000
214 000
237 000
EU35 Production of fluorspar 2008 - 12
250
Thousand tonnes
200
150
100
50
0
2008
220 2009
2010
2011
2012
Fluorspar
Exports of fluorspar
Country
Belgium
Czech Republic
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
156 066
4 488
50 338
31 271
12 665
13 109
11 538
187
84 491
6 147
31 157
9 518
11 333
35 366
6 745
303
122 483
10 575
33 487
6 740
14 023
1 680
8 101
412
118 782
10 564
45 955
28 942
28 870
3 312
11 053
590
147 771
9 634
38 029
48 048
19 488
5 519
13 714
75
Imports of fluorspar
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia
Luxembourg
Macedonia
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
3 405
169 219
651
289
3 440
17 003
12 366
21 256
357 914
2 281
4 512
238 008
240
1 343
300
13 860
8 691
1 828
2 526
1 143
1 326
32 016
14 214
571
34 073
8 429
1 956
91 928
778
165
8 626
33 149
23 178
13 124
187 330
1 954
(a)* 1 500
212 415
468
618
457
13 014
8 562
2 243
1 481
644
1 064
17 148
12 959
370
36 114
6 436
3 490
134 266
700
146
14 495
13 086
16 740
14 601
261 999
2 652
2 662
200 184
678
983
350
14 295
11 013
636
2 911
954
1 754
12 008
9 451
492
37 977
1 294
2 911
145 776
1 742
3 527
15 547
22 462
17 605
14 655
380 027
3 073
4 152
246 374
775
887
600
23 603
12 239
794
3 817
762
1 463
14 198
14 980
210
48 210
45 327
2 935
173 038
1 262
15 513
15 388
16 043
16 818
15 879
280 867
2 104
3 014
232 908
1 269
795
244
11 725
11 747
3 005
3 178
896
1 481
16 542
10 729
181
53 627
19 739
Note(s)
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
221
Fluorspar
Fluorspar - EU35 trade in 2012
Germany
Italy
Belgium
Turkey
United Kingdom
Finland
Spain
Denmark
France
Croatia
Czech Republic
Poland
Netherlands
Sweden
Romania
Hungary
Portugal
Austria
Greece
Slovenia
Latvia
Bulgaria
-200
Exports
Imports
-150
-100
-50
0
Thousand tonnes
222
50
100
150
200
250
300
Gold
Gold
•
Gold is a soft, malleable metallic element unaffected by air or most reagents. It is highly valued as an investment commodity, in
jewellery and in specialist electronic applications.
•
China was the world’s largest producer in 2012, with 15 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Australia (ten per
cent), followed by USA (nine per cent), Russia (seven per cent), Peru and South Africa (six per cent each).
EU35 Mine production of gold 2012
Turkey 49.3%
Rest of World 97.9%
EU35 2.1%
Sweden 10.6%
Bulgaria 12.5%
Spain 2.4%
Serbia 2.5%
Poland 1.6%
Others 2.0%
Finland 19.1%
Mine production of gold
Country
kilograms
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Bulgaria
Finland
Poland (a)
Romania
Serbia (a)
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
4 160
4 148
902
500
* 712
198
—
4 953
11 016
163
4 482
5 749
814
* 500
818
346
—
5 542
14 450
187
4 489
7 628
776
* 500
856
534
—
6 285
16 400
177
5 302
8 461
704
* 500
1 534
398
290
5 994
23 248
202
7 058
10 814
916
* 500
1 400
546
1 333
6 015
27 884
102
EU35 Total
27 000
33 000
38 000
47 000
57 000
Note(s)
(1) In several countries substantial amounts of gold produced in small operations are not recorded in the official statistics used when
compiling this table
(2) In addition to the countries listed, Greece produces less than 100 kg of gold per year
(a) Metal production
223
Gold
EU35 Mine production of gold 2008 - 12
60 000
Kilograms (metal content)
50 000
40 000
30 000
20 000
10 000
0
2008
2009
2010
2012
2011
Exports of gold
Country
Austria
Metal
Waste and scrap
Belgium
Metal
Waste and scrap
Croatia
Metal
Cyprus
Metal
Czech Republic
Metal
Waste and scrap
Denmark
Waste and scrap
Estonia
Metal
Finland
Metal
Waste and scrap
France
Metal
Waste and scrap
Germany
Metal
Waste and scrap
Greece
Metal
Waste and scrap
Hungary
Metal
Waste and scrap
Ireland, Republic of
Waste and scrap
Italy
Metal
Waste and scrap
Luxembourg
Metal
Malta
Waste and scrap
224
kilograms
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
18 700
2 200
18 800
2 700
27 800
5 900
22 500
2 900
18 000
1 600
24 538
134 500
25 683
29 100
22 842
173 700
6 200
67 800
12 900
58 600
88
140
256
1 408
6 046
600
700
300
600
1 200
4 000
5 200
9 800
5 600
12 000
4 400
21 400
2 700
5 300
11 700
600
500
500
1 800
3 000
...
—
400
2 300
1 600
2 835
466
2 207
539
4 168
878
4 970
1 268
2 841
88 389
22 247
50 700
22 447
34 094
27 729
24 189
45 303
29 961
54 233
10 955
* 120 000
4 800
113 039
62 603
221 003
904 379
226 243
688 482
212 936
956 113
495
...
581
...
48
...
2 455
12 300
1 426
9 300
657
...
1 312
...
1 827
2 221 600
2 214
2 665 300
1 300
2 115 900
5 578
11 155
10 480
9 268
68 063
51 260
1 376
106 646
173
109 762
154 845
176 952
1 006
200 363
7 001
55 600
38 000
32 700
8 000
4 500
...
...
17 008
27 387
...
Gold
Exports continued
Country
Netherlands
Metal
Waste and scrap
Norway
Metal
Waste and scrap
Poland
Metal
Waste and scrap
Portugal
Metal
Waste and scrap
Serbia
Metal
Slovakia
Metal
Waste and scrap
Slovenia
Metal
Waste and scrap
Spain
Metal
Waste and scrap
Sweden
Metal
Waste and scrap
Switzerland
Metal
Waste and scrap
Turkey
Metal
Waste and scrap
United Kingdom
Metal
Waste and scrap
kilograms
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
37 439
45 456
15 515
1 222
34 851
57 680
50 559
112 629
37 629
123 769
3 847
600
3 865
1 197
4 567
1 482
7 439
1 904
8 498
4 261
105 000
4 800
121 100
18 000
1 100
588
3 000
26
12 300
1 000
...
36 100
—
800
6 600
800
13 100
100
17 000
457 000
302
3 278
93
78
141
2 914
800
3 196
1 200
2 926
7 300
20 000
6 800
3 300
4 800
3 000
—
129
200
168
5 450
523
12 200
931
14 800
6 966
1 147
31 466
131 376
282 816
258 156
9 444 195
176 652
4 268 966
113 264
19 400
29 400
14 500
60 900
14 700
5 100
12 900
21 000
16 600
9 700
2 103 919
125 459
1 010 085
107 918
1 605 359
105 407
1 867 822
94 837
1 627 553
71 297
142 244
1 122
162 208
1 188
56 035
619
30 226
1 360
282 160
...
600 018
272 339
96 231
533 182
293 153
496 924
775 261
272 597
266 572
1 928 197
Note(s)
(1) In this table the term 'metal' includes both unwrought and partly worked gold and alloys but excludes gold coin
(2) Kilograms have been used as the unit in this table except where the only obtainable figure is the value. In these cases the national
currency figure has been converted to £ sterling
(3) See explanatory notes at the front of the volume regarding currency conversion
Imports of gold
Country
Austria
Metal
Waste and scrap
Belgium
Metal
Waste and scrap (a)
Bulgaria
Metal
Croatia
Metal
Czech Republic
Metal
Waste and scrap
Denmark
Metal
Estonia
Metal
kilograms
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
72 300
400
86 500
1 700
56 600
1 400
63 500
2 400
47 300
3 300
15 600
* 61 400
13 100
* 115 800
10 100
* 339 000
9 100
* 141 000
9 400
* 807 000
8 692
56
55
1 596
100
693
1 221
310
11
11
3 047
19 140
3 055
60 440
2 600
84 000
23 800
192 500
3 600
245 400
2 000
3 100
900
100 900
1 100
1 200
300
900
1 600
900
225
Gold
Imports continued
Country
Finland
Metal
France
Metal
Waste and scrap
Germany
Metal
Waste and scrap
Greece
Metal
Hungary
Metal
Ireland, Republic of
Metal
Italy
Metal
Waste and scrap
Lithuania
Waste and scrap
Luxembourg
Metal
Malta
Metal
Netherlands
Metal
Waste and scrap
Norway
Metal
Waste and scrap
Poland
Metal
Portugal
Metal
Waste and scrap
Slovakia
Metal
Slovenia
Metal
Waste and scrap
Spain
Metal
Waste and scrap
Sweden
Metal
Waste and scrap
Switzerland
Metal
Waste and scrap
Turkey
Metal
United Kingdom
Metal
Waste and scrap
kilograms
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
200
549
650
595
1 358
20 071
3 300
16 877
6 248
20 037
25 070
19 721
3 886
18 994
697
118 516
1 390 000
164 511
1 126 326
192 815
1 396 280
162 289
2 680 174
133 260
2 568 174
114 976
23 739
21 029
9 111
346
...
1 076
396
1 512
* 1 500
£5 271 000
£4 365 000
£4 047 000
£5 356 000
£7 079 000
166 506
851
146 721
864
149 022
649
175 415
9 834
195 214
5 075
—
103
—
64 453
12 202
37 400
10 000
12 300
13 300
10 000
6 820
5 500
8 200
3 400
3 100
41 012
2 422
42 806
111
37 888
110 465
38 349
188 490
35 027
117
1 146
3 940
670
3 568
969
4 127
1 220
5 415
1 338
4 915
3 800
100
200
1 500
1 800
1 535
...
1 077
...
1 500
...
1 200
1 405
800
121 743
74 800
208 400
220 470
189 400
523 800
1 700
9
400
1 210
1 100
5 400
1 700
5 600
1 100
1 800
* 72 000
252
68 562
109
44 542
2 780
46 695
29 069
24 180
33 912
£25 583 000
£565 000
£26 296 000
£53 000
£32 625 000
£12 243 000
£42 028 000
£33 337 000
£33 413 000
£26 246 000
2 101 027
214 839
2 198 967
319 257
2 343 070
219 260
2 684 244
205 846
2 280 196
28 550
179 606
52 654
64 105
128 367
157 629
914 000
43 143
1 166 948
213 440
800 602
65 833
1 012 882
71 449
1 052 573
164 833
Note(s)
(1) In this table the term 'metal' includes both unwrought and partly worked gold but excludes gold coin
(2) Kilograms have been used as the unit in this table except where the only obtainable figure is the value. In these cases the national
currency figure has been converted to £ sterling
(3) See explanatory notes at the front of the volume regarding currency conversion
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
226
Graphite
Graphite
•
Graphite is a stable form of pure carbon. It is soft, has low friction and is inert. The major use of graphite is in refractories that can
withstand the temperature of molten metals and slags. The graphite imparts high thermal shock resistance, useful in furnace
components and crucibles. Other uses include lubricants and in brake linings.
•
China was the world’s largest producer in 2012, with 86 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was India (six per cent),
followed by Brazil (four per cent), North Korea and Canada (one per cent each).
EU35 Production of graphite 2012
Norway 95.5%
Rest of World 99.7%
EU35 0.3%
Austria 3.0%
Germany 1.5%
Production of graphite
tonnes
Country
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Austria (a)
Czech Republic
Germany
Norway
Romania
Turkey
250
3 000
—
4 100
—
3 236
750
—
—
4 562
24 352
2 400
420
—
—
6 270
6 633
—
925
—
—
7 789
—
—
219
—
109
6 992
—
—
11 000
32 000
13 000
9 000
7 000
EU35 Total
Note(s)
(1) This table includes all forms of amorphous and crystalline graphite but excludes synthetic material
(a) Crude
EU35 Production of graphite 2008 - 12
35 000
30 000
Tonnes
25 000
20 000
15 000
10 000
5 000
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
227
Graphite
Exports of graphite
Country
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
8 853
3 815
4 076
269
18 950
308
1 378
82
13
10 499
252
600
390
3 156
6 260
2 634
2 150
226
12 722
820
1 974
80
15
8 160
159
355
257
2 271
9 518
993
3 154
361
20 583
798
2 967
233
14
5 369
254
326
220
2 981
9 936
1 316
3 417
321
15 600
512
10 651
505
661
6 142
129
100
761
3 660
5 562
1 716
3 108
166
12 721
310
11 201
977
252
5 184
129
96
766
2 196
Note(s)
(1) This table excludes synthetic graphite
Imports of graphite
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
France
Germany
Greece
Iceland
Italy
Latvia
Macedonia
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
Note(s)
(1) This table excludes synthetic graphite
228
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
30 863
3 624
158
6 233
185
20 618
62 180
142
11
11 832
2
1 522
42 612
561
4 474
1 493
304
2 981
141
24 284
1 091
931
13 230
14 309
4 622
5 048
132
2 554
269
10 376
33 293
918
2 132
5 995
—
761
2 487
508
3 078
73
144
962
89
15 669
835
306
6 788
7 850
18 501
7 243
66
3 605
303
9 981
56 333
219
18
8 308
1
875
16 692
400
6 933
66
1 499
1 899
295
34 268
1 315
848
11 191
6 989
21 867
7 473
65
5 149
405
11 725
57 411
92
18
12 559
1
911
14 266
129
10 267
62
742
1 688
844
10 765
1 129
823
13 138
6 869
9 272
6 109
56
4 757
424
8 201
43 349
68
33
6 411
3 813
648
13 498
124
6 833
35
601
1 847
440
5 579
779
454
8 171
4 114
Graphite
Graphite - EU35 trade in 2012
Germany
Netherlands
Austria
France
Turkey
Poland
Italy
Belgium
Spain
Czech Republic
United Kingdom
Exports
Latvia
Slovakia
Sweden
Macedonia
Imports
Romania
Switzerland
Slovenia
Denmark
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
Thousand tonnes
229
Gypsum
Gypsum
•
Gypsum (calcium sulphate) is a common mineral that chiefly occurs as beds or seams in sedimentary rocks. Anhydrite is a similar
mineral without combined water and is considered in the following tables with gypsum. Calcined gypsum is chiefly used to make
building and decorative plaster. It is used as an additive to cement, in farming as a soil conditioner, as a filler and for a variety of uses
in the chemical industry.
•
The overall situation with gypsum is difficult to follow as large quantities of synthetic gypsum are made during the desulphurisation of
coal-fired power station fumes and this competes with natural gypsum production.
•
China was the world’s largest producer in 2012, with an estimated 25 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Iran
(ten per cent), followed by Thailand and USA (with seven per cent each), Mexico and Iraq (with six per cent each).
EU35 Production of gypsum 2012
Spain 31.9%
Poland 5.9%
Rest of World 85.9%
Turkey 4.8%
EU35 14.1%
Others 12.6%
United Kingdom 8.2%
Austria 3.8%
Italy 7.7%
Greece 3.6%
Germany 9.4%
France 12.1%
Production of gypsum
Country
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Austria (a)
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
France (a)
Germany (a)
Greece (a)
Hungary (a)
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Latvia (a)
Macedonia (a)
Norway (a)(b)
Poland (a)
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia (a)
Spain
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
1 087 259
21 200
* 250 000
412 000
35 000
2 338 910
2 112 000
1 000 000
15 940
* 600 000
* 1 600 000
349 000
242 400
70 013
1 499 901
372 731
832 248
152 000
11 955 753
* 300 000
7 338 127
* 1 700 000
910 945
127 600
318 139
317 000
13 000
1 887 260
1 898 000
730 000
19 766
* 400 000
* 1 600 000
175 870
154 550
68 103
1 326 928
335 189
720 713
131 000
8 181 315
* 300 000
4 369 589
* 1 700 000
872 273
109 200
248 675
333 000
5 000
2 065 814
1 822 000
* 600 000
20 000
* 300 000
* 1 600 000
176 510
143 118
36 395
1 398 500
336 755
639 010
87 000
6 990 249
* 300 000
2 850 601
* 1 700 000
815 438
114 800
231 008
335 000
11 000
2 452 204
2 021 000
587 000
3 000
* 300 000
* 1 600 000
216 000
162 984
88 953
1 225 600
337 272
* 660 000
88 000
7 825 747
* 350 000
991 415
* 1 700 000
791 961
113 700
182 557
327 800
14 000
* 2 500 000
1 949 000
746 000
—
* 200 000
* 1 600 000
252 714
157 844
85 296
1 227 900
264 427
* 600 000
88 000
* 6 600 000
* 320 000
* 1 000 000
* 1 700 000
EU35 Total
34 300 000
25 700 000
22 600 000
22 100 000
20 700 000
Note(s)
(1) Some countries produce large quantities of synthetic gypsum. Where possible, this output is excluded from the table.
(a) Including anhydrite
(b) Sales
230
Gypsum
EU35 Production of gypsum 2008 - 12
40 000
35 000
Thousand tonnes
30 000
25 000
20 000
15 000
10 000
5 000
0
2008
2009
2010
2012
2011
Exports of gypsum
Country
Austria
Crude
Calcined
Belgium
Crude
Calcined
Bulgaria
Crude and calcined
Croatia
Crude and calcined
Cyprus
Crude and calcined
Czech Republic
Crude
Calcined
Denmark
Crude
Calcined
Estonia
Crude and calcined
France
Crude
Calcined
Germany
Crude
Calcined
Greece
Crude
Calcined
Hungary
Crude and calcined
Ireland, Republic of
Crude
Calcined
Italy
Crude
Calcined
Latvia
Crude and calcined
Lithuania
Crude and calcined
Luxembourg
Crude and calcined
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
26 402
89 906
20 694
78 839
19 124
55 927
23 007
76 548
18 485
79 280
89 626
3 817
113 954
1 823
92 533
177 046
101 382
(a)* 195 000
72 899
(a)* 184 000
787
11 965
3 641
10 953
21 872
4 738
3 119
10
66
23
279 902
236 427
250 034
248 284
249 250
60 018
7 881
10 195
6 430
48 605
5 235
103 363
3 448
63 751
3 537
141 124
4 173
8 440
1 455
2 211
8 299
63
6 725
5 155
13 990
4 154
22
87
105
1 781
381 841
338 682
267 315
282 254
259 192
286 799
239 815
310 248
267 365
289 668
447 140
1 775 467
393 691
1 290 391
430 977
1 558 288
516 024
1 333 953
501 487
1 444 714
21 258
937
49 037
580
38 459
337
95 699
621
142 598
3 750
19 259
22 019
17 367
44 845
59 059
1 094
32 821
10 425
28 491
23 355
15 129
5 390
21 274
5 176
16 585
24 525
24 496
17 907
21 848
12 035
18 484
9 614
39 465
8 383
79 661
63 732
37 352
38 596
47 016
84 358
2 436
423
237
250
243
553
661
1 596
1 919
1 698
231
Gypsum
Exports continued
Country
Macedonia
Crude and calcined
Netherlands
Crude
Calcined
Norway
Crude and calcined
Poland
Crude and calcined
Portugal
Crude and calcined
Romania
Crude and calcined
Serbia
Crude and calcined
Slovenia
Crude and calcined
Spain
Crude
Calcined
Sweden
Crude and calcined
Switzerland
Crude and calcined
Turkey
Crude
Calcined
United Kingdom
Crude
Calcined
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
12 496
12 604
30 273
32 328
715
37 991
15 228
* 39 600
5 550
15 773
1 656
42 080
2 714
36 388
3 005
69 976
68 140
36 298
85 598
90 159
58 644
40 512
47 654
121 689
111 389
22 707
12 394
20 016
47 278
56 546
13 069
17 966
17 672
15 576
15 693
2 230
617
16
40
19
8 575
6 575
205
220
303
3 458 773
228 060
2 187 816
182 982
2 678 208
165 424
3 367 083
156 461
3 780 980
135 415
11 525
9 358
8 155
3 865
4 466
5 207
2 454
8 536
8 606
7 283
37 899
838 314
145 717
643 873
134 905
682 898
111 864
708 056
107 000
789 505
1 493
48 340
1 978
32 551
3 330
24 552
3 428
25 504
4 036
21 216
Note(s)
(1) In this table the term 'crude' may include some anhydrite
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Imports of gypsum
Country
Austria
Crude
Calcined
Belgium
Crude
Calcined
Bulgaria
Crude
Calcined
Croatia
Crude
Calcined
Cyprus
Crude and calcined
Czech Republic
Crude
Calcined
Denmark
Crude
Calcined
Estonia
Crude
Calcined
232
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
10 118
67 712
12 098
73 588
22 432
70 850
84 817
72 696
36 806
77 931
1 231 279
505 792
702 104
424 465
616 338
396 873
683 957
507 725
838 204
455 117
12 223
70 280
15 830
42 086
6 239
44 383
11 399
37 323
6 338
29 471
38 120
34 224
14 470
22 154
1 608
14 076
11 421
12 709
13 269
11 790
15 045
10 807
9 292
6 461
5 165
76 119
75 278
83 819
53 954
55 087
33 763
57 962
34 353
48 657
33 209
379 094
52 087
106 304
58 675
53 577
42 290
97 219
21 696
133 652
79 529
19 239
18 823
381
8 760
11 295
8 950
11 922
8 343
16 772
7 718
Gypsum
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Finland
Crude
Calcined
France
Crude
Calcined
Germany
Crude
Calcined
Greece
Crude and calcined
Hungary
Crude
Calcined
Iceland
Crude
Calcined
Ireland, Republic of
Crude
Calcined
Italy
Crude
Calcined
Latvia
Crude
Calcined
Lithuania
Crude
Calcined
Luxembourg
Crude
Calcined
Malta
Crude and calcined
Montenegro
Crude and calcined
Netherlands
Crude
Calcined
Norway
Crude
Calcined
Poland
Crude
Calcined
Portugal
Crude
Calcined
Romania
Crude
Calcined
Serbia
Crude
Calcined
Slovakia
Crude
Calcined
Slovenia
Crude
Calcined
Spain
Crude
Calcined
Sweden
Crude
Calcined
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
408 509
6 598
146 141
5 664
235 787
7 281
182 082
11 020
223 784
9 270
492 072
116 678
354 086
101 840
313 842
85 849
249 933
76 800
283 071
73 772
54 216
76 992
28 315
75 319
29 132
82 341
26 182
80 574
21 712
98 665
3 093
2 097
1 759
1 400
3 714
6 713
49 220
3 248
43 128
5 362
12 413
5 198
18 039
5 241
24 138
10 533
1 606
4 724
642
2 579
192
892
181
682
190
1 412
24 877
15 931
13 930
20 637
5 410
2 731
9 318
10 715
7 623
21 411
19 621
5 754
16 645
3 618
16 267
2 205
16 976
8 793
17 916
146
5 672
1 037
883
22 669
2 027
33 495
2 787
48 578
2 523
90 320
43 127
28 754
19 974
54 772
17 377
63 632
18 503
64 379
19 211
51 416
25 257
57 828
15 793
50 104
10 715
69 918
18 459
63 994
24 216
5 505
2 305
10 446
11 428
12 507
1 747
3 356
653
730
521
285 990
415 623
249 206
418 481
203 179
368 523
307 971
611 145
280 623
570 600
121 440
298 394
76 435
234 564
84 359
270 721
94 824
275 909
79 789
299 898
170 571
215 458
157 974
82 586
129 336
53 613
134 230
47 261
122 407
39 845
89 627
298 708
81 971
244 809
73 822
270 783
40 153
237 788
28 175
167 437
90 194
100 471
45 891
62 134
40 703
47 912
63 658
50 866
92 883
43 118
21
18 733
13 273
11 684
14 601
9 276
22 546
9 962
32 566
9 096
111 188
47 044
53 104
52 703
74 512
16 732
80 966
17 194
70 308
17 335
24 660
8 622
5 565
9 432
942
7 615
785
6 218
37
6 095
43 171
33 825
25 963
7 349
20 776
6 015
13 185
5 787
11 943
5 548
178 364
154 201
94 656
158 842
256 696
73 865
324 584
58 751
294 946
48 111
233
Gypsum
Imports continued
tonnes
Country
Switzerland
Crude
Calcined
Turkey
Crude
Calcined
United Kingdom
Crude
Calcined
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
101 731
97 296
101 228
87 350
112 555
100 958
94 474
104 574
81 642
113 112
165 775
1 797
201 077
1 419
232 713
1 782
375 169
1 916
295 462
2 259
140 783
88 766
396 138
60 337
216 605
54 209
539 327
46 526
490 661
47 545
Note(s)
(1) In this table the term 'crude' may include some anhydrite
Gypsum - EU35 trade in 2012
Belgium
Netherlands
United Kingdom
Norway
France
Sweden
Turkey
Finland
Denmark
Portugal
Switzerland
Poland
Romania
Germany
Austria
Luxembourg
Slovakia
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Latvia
Serbia
Bulgaria
Hungary
Italy
Croatia
Estonia
Ireland, Republic of
Spain
Malta
Slovenia
Cyprus
Greece
-4,000
Exports
Imports
-3,500
-3,000
-2,500
-2,000
-1,500
-1,000
-500
0
500
Thousand tonnes
234
1,000
1,500
Iodine
Iodine
•
Iodine is a bluish-black lustrous, solid, non-metal with antiseptic and other medicinal properties, used in sanitation, animal feed and
pharmaceutical products. It is also a catalyst.
•
Chile was the world’s largest producer in 2012, with 59 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Japan (32 per cent),
followed by USA (four per cent), China (two per cent), Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan (one per cent each).
Exports of iodine
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
France
Germany
Hungary
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
kilograms
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
139
3 560 100
200
300
1
100 500
97 400
...
1 536
2 119
200
3
...
773 705
—
5 100
46 873
122
1 605
1 212
174 965
339
2 582 300
300
500
1 500
101 909
112 690
...
1 982
86 917
—
—
...
386 170
250
5 100
15 376
300
97
31 908
121 370
564
3 989 500
600
1 000
3
47 103
62 331
...
—
24 722
4 200
4
83 600
124 797
—
16 400
14 704
700
349
2 960
393 005
413
3 584 800
600
2 000
100
89 357
124 705
...
2 589
20 112
—
8 900
40 900
152 295
13 250
4 000
7 909
900
239
4 877
234 182
10 652
3 391 900
500
4 000
—
187 560
109 595
92 300
—
22 559
7 400
3 000
—
122 569
1 127
3 700
43 289
7 900
238
2 480
370 132
Imports of iodine
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Lithuania
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Serbia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
kilograms
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
139 700
3 586 200
2 900
25 200
1 122 329
18
3 400
1 875 400
1 150 600
600
7 900
12 029
21 515
1 343 977
383
800 817
1 668 339
24 100
100
1 395
4 494
119
541 706
600
204 100
3 189 200
2 900
31 900
8 674
196
2 901
1 189 569
1 168 886
800
2 100
9
24 358
1 256 232
4 510
23 376
1 270 662
10 600
8 000
330
4 030
631
512 821
400
213 000
4 087 700
2 300
35 100
10 168
13 157
1 443
1 530 436
1 422 575
1 300
2 700
9
13 311
1 080 203
17 732
16 031
1 708 338
21 700
8 700
300
8 137
45
342 914
1 100
198 500
3 814 500
2 800
36 500
5 895
258
1 174
1 492 427
1 576 165
200
6 100
24
22 220
1 375 868
20 100
1 352 421
1 663 657
11 600
8 600
500
10 876
35
522 768
1 800
147 200
4 663 100
3 600
22 600
8 447
39
856
1 501 344
1 700 953
300
4 000
278
32 305
1 633 655
3 200
811 065
1 759 025
12 900
6 300
400
2 790
111
357 482
8 600
235
Iodine
Imports continued
Country
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
236
kilograms
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
7 260
9 498
1 106 864
7 156
12 133
1 075 328
10 238
3 218
1 253 806
10 839
6 641
1 426 239
13 172
6 163
1 573 126
Iron Ore
Iron ore
•
There are two main commercial ores of iron — magnetite and haematite (both iron oxides). Iron is also recovered from pyrites (FeS2).
Iron ore is mined, processed and smelted chiefly to produce steel in integrated steel plants. Pig iron, for use as iron, is a minor part of
production.
•
China was the world’s largest producer in 2012, with 44 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Australia (18 per
cent), followed by Brazil (13 per cent), India (five per cent) and Russia (four per cent).
EU35 Production of iron ore 2012
Sweden 67.1%
Turkey 17.7%
Rest of World 98.7%
EU35 1.3%
Austria 5.4%
Germany 1.1%
Norway 8.6%
Production of iron ore
tonnes
Country
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Austria (a)
Germany (b)(c)
Norway
Slovakia
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
2 032 671
455 100
746 000
392 000
23 888 000
3 990 110
145
2 002 131
363 699
896 000
—
17 677 000
4 169 972
—
2 068 853
390 353
3 266 000
—
25 292 000
5 378 455
—
2 206 910
489 091
2 532 100
—
26 113 000
6 308 448
—
2 142 255
447 515
3 421 000
—
26 540 000
* 7 000 000
—
EU35 Total
31 504 000
25 109 000
36 396 000
37 650 000
39 551 000
Note(s)
(a) Including micaceous iron oxide
(b) Including manganiferous iron ore
(c) Used as aggregate in the construction industry
237
Iron Ore
EU35 Production of iron ore 2008 - 12
45 000
40 000
Thousand tonnes
35 000
30 000
25 000
20 000
15 000
10 000
5 000
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Exports of iron ore
Country
Belgium
Bulgaria
Finland
Burnt pyrites
France
Germany
Iron ore
Burnt pyrites
Hungary
Italy (a)
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Romania
Iron ore
Burnt pyrites
Slovakia
Spain (a)
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
85 701
...
178 567
12 705
366 331
1
455 069
—
76 216
26 823
396 064
57 720
244 225
124 492
391 549
(a) 19 349
* 1 200 000
129 374
* 800 000
87 981
34 495
12 700
...
1 699
(a) 85 698
615 296
10 198
4 497
10 865
—
354
(a) 239 932
775 828
14 893
22 373
7 994
52 400
8 779
121 426
1 803 242
16 130
54 555
15 999
64 435
6 742
208 469
2 435 415
4 400
42 763
—
63 373
14 191
49 903
3 659 210
1 573
42 606
15 567
53 434
62 147
17 617 162
4 163
7 821
172 372
12 694
5 923
17 348
16 104 129
(a) 3 361
32 579
1 718
1 359
62 568
9 079
20 726 152
(a) 200 600
5 256
2 728
1 690
22 481
165 589
21 115 203
(a) 296 550
179 709
53 998
2 887
118 695
184 056
22 869 383
(a) 423 536
108 415
Note(s)
(a) Including burnt pyrites
Imports of iron ore
Country
Austria (a)
Belgium
Iron ore
Burnt pyrites
Bulgaria
Iron ore
Burnt pyrites
Croatia (a)
Czech Republic (a)
238
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
7 996 632
6 095 762
9 309 860
9 966 338
9 628 923
12 329 299
431
3 254 834
23 648
7 567 453
45
7 425 015
...
6 309 506
—
208 559
188 923
17 177
6 799 756
3 110
15 831
12 057
4 803 009
7 991
16 653
20 147
5 902 011
1 265
16 679
2 123
7 363 983
1 987
11 794
2 764
5 870 744
Iron Ore
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Denmark
Iron ore
Burnt pyrites
Finland
France
Iron ore
Burnt pyrites
Germany
Iron ore
Burnt pyrites
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland, Republic of (a)
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Romania
Iron ore
Burnt pyrites
Serbia
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Iron ore
Burnt pyrites
Switzerland
Iron ore
Burnt pyrites
Turkey
Iron ore
Burnt pyrites
United Kingdom
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
111 604
—
3 121 303
69 990
—
2 204 018
53 896
15 457
(a) 3 052 609
118 928
8
3 728 222
49 006
—
3 220 998
18 220 893
4 948
10 014 901
5 375
15 259 049
11 603
13 531 471
11 452
13 718 095
23 894
44 339 072
—
616 684
(a) 44 167
4 721
16 313 184
10 831 769
151 503
(a) 7 784 529
28 812 134
7 087
876 109
34 404
31 488
8 159 741
(a) 4 585 303
134 167
(a) 3 752 010
43 082 309
3 077
1 985 510
36 318
109
12 092 237
(a) 8 810 077
148 809
6 494 457
41 678 285
4 513
1 780 865
42 846
507
15 134 122
8 921 399
127 127
5 977 338
38 908 327
28 207
(a) 1 632 969
19 251
147
13 396 809
7 445 399
92 702
6 576 287
5 003 811
17 770
2 092 208
4 802 516
(a) 6 479 890
1 597 033
11 572
1 397 755
4 499 385
(a) 4 237 845
2 848 921
29 544
1 860 593
5 796 813
(a) 5 874 304
2 186 674
35 551
(a) 1 624 795
5 103 229
(a) 5 143 562
2 023 063
30 178
(a) 465 170
5 404 215
4 505 772
71 441
—
41 087
2 919
55 078
16 743
51 334
24 561
44 285
22 191
6 145
12 559
1 445
15 045
5 382
15 171
12 537
14 916
12 046
13 386
5 004 508
17 092
(a) 15 283 479
7 757 561
14 097
(a) 9 186 151
7 220 977
—
10 597 085
6 644 310
—
(a) 9 175 852
7 842 126
—
(a) 10 062 323
Note(s)
(a) Including burnt pyrites
Iron ore - EU35 trade in 2012
Germany
France
Italy
United Kingdom
Austria
Turkey
Netherlands
Poland
Belgium
Czech Republic
Slovakia
Spain
Finland
Romania
Hungary
Serbia
Norway
Sweden
Exports
Imports
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
Million tonnes
239
Iron, Steel and Ferro-Alloys
Production of pig iron
tonnes
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Hungary
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
EU35 Total
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
5 795 000
6 977 000
441 000
4 737 000
2 942 946
11 371 879
29 105 000
1 288 758
10 400 000
6 130 000
* 100 000
4 933 781
2 957 715
1 582 000
3 529 000
3 784 000
3 708 000
6 697 372
10 136 800
4 353 000
3 087 000
—
3 483 000
2 042 000
8 104 318
20 104 000
1 050 000
5 670 000
4 655 000
* 100 000
2 983 500
1 576 679
964 607
3 019 000
2 920 000
1 966 000
6 913 325
7 671 100
5 621 000
4 688 000
—
3 987 000
2 564 000
10 136 827
28 560 000
1 325 000
8 555 000
5 799 000
* 100 000
3 637 995
1 723 418
1 158 628
3 649 000
3 572 000
3 447 000
16 362 115
7 233 000
5 815 000
4 700 000
—
4 137 000
2 600 000
9 697 535
27 943 000
1 315 000
9 824 000
5 943 000
* 100 000
3 974 930
1 595 000
1 197 693
3 346 000
3 540 000
3 240 000
14 877 155
6 625 000
5 751 000
4 073 000
—
3 935 207
2 461 000
9 531 844
27 046 000
1 229 000
9 417 000
5 909 000
* 100 000
3 943 968
1 580 000
318 651
3 519 755
3 081 000
2 805 000
8 613 000
7 183 100
116 617 000
80 663 000
112 119 000
110 470 000
100 498 000
Note(s)
(1) The data in this table include sponge iron and direct reduced iron (DRI), where these have been separately identified
Crude steel
•
Crude steel is the end product of smelting iron ore. It is produced in a wide variety of forms including slabs, coils, bars, rods and plates
— depending on customer requirements. Steel is a ubiquitous product and has a multitude of applications. Alloying with other metals
changes the fundamental properties of crude steel to meet specialised requirements. Recycled, or secondary, steel is a significant part
of world total steel production.
•
The majority of industrialised countries produce steel. China was the world’s largest producer in 2012, with 46 per cent of the total
world output. The second largest was Japan (seven per cent), followed by USA (six per cent), India and Russia (five per cent each).
EU35 Production of crude steel 2012
Others 13.4%
Netherlands 3.3%
Poland 4.1%
Spain 6.6%
Rest of World 86.6%
EU35 13.4%
Turkey 17.3%
Italy 13.1%
United Kingdom 4.6%
Austria 3.6%
Belgium 3.5%
Czech Republic 2.4%
Germany 20.5%
240
France 7.5%
Iron, Steel and Ferro-Alloys
Production of crude steel
tonnes
Country
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
7 594 000
10 673 000
1 330 000
121 759
6 387 000
—
4 416 792
17 879 161
45 832 000
2 477 000
2 097 000
30 590 000
635 000
2 582 000
344 866
201 623
6 853 000
560 000
9 727 325
1 630 000
5 035 164
1 662 000
4 489 000
642 000
18 640 000
5 197 600
1 312 000
26 809 050
13 520 500
5 662 000
5 635 000
726 000
54 266
4 594 000
—
3 066 000
12 840 108
32 670 000
2 000 000
1 403 000
19 848 000
692 000
2 141 000
299 332
90 404
5 194 000
595 000
7 128 482
1 557 000
2 772 679
1 054 336
3 747 000
430 000
14 358 000
2 803 700
934 000
25 303 741
10 074 500
7 206 000
7 973 000
744 000
103 429
5 180 000
—
4 029 000
15 413 577
43 830 000
1 821 000
1 678 000
25 750 000
655 000
2 548 000
344 866
48 272
6 651 000
520 000
7 993 025
1 504 000
3 720 775
1 254 386
4 580 000
606 000
16 343 000
4 845 600
1 320 000
29 029 789
9 708 000
7 474 000
8 026 000
835 000
162 709
5 583 000
1
3 989 000
15 780 639
44 284 000
1 934 000
1 733 000
28 735 000
568 000
2 521 000
348 576
61 164
6 937 000
620 000
8 776 458
1 871 000
3 835 000
1 304 954
4 242 000
648 000
15 504 000
4 867 000
* 1 400 000
34 103 000
9 478 000
7 421 000
7 301 000
633 000
1 016
5 072 082
185
3 759 000
15 607 227
42 661 000
1 247 000
1 543 000
27 257 000
804 000
2 214 000
225 224
28 161
6 879 000
683 000
8 539 302
1 908 000
3 780 000
346 000
4 403 447
632 000
13 639 000
4 326 000
* 1 400 000
35 885 000
9 579 100
229 239 000
167 674 000
205 400 000
215 622 000
207 774 000
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia
Luxembourg
Macedonia
Montenegro
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
EU35 Total
Note(s)
(1) Unless otherwise indicated, these figures include production from scrap
(2) Small amounts of steel are also believed to be produced in Lithuania
EU35 Production of crude steel 2008 - 12
250 000
Thousand tonnes
200 000
150 000
100 000
50 000
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
241 Iron, Steel and Ferro-Alloys
Ferro-alloys
•
Ferro-alloys are alloys of iron with a number of metals, such as chromium, silicon or manganese. They are used as additives to steel
with the object of modifying its properties. Silicon metal is included within the table for ferro-alloys as it is used for the same purpose.
•
China was the largest producer in 2012, followed by South Africa, India, Russia and Kazakhstan.
Production of ferro-alloys
Country
Austria
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-vanadium
Bulgaria
Ferro-silicon
Czech Republic
Ferro-vanadium
Finland
Ferro-chrome
France
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Silicon metal
Germany
Ferro-chrome
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Greece
Ferro-nickel
Iceland
Ferro-silicon
Italy
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Macedonia
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-silicon
Norway
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Poland
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Romania
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-manganese
Slovakia
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Spain
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Silicon metal
242
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
4 500
2 000
6 300
4 000
2 500
6 200
4 000
2 500
8 000
4 000
2 500
8 000
4 000
2 500
8 000
6 000
* 3 000
—
—
—
* 2 800
* 1 900
* 3 400
* 4 600
* 5 700
233 550
123 310
238 000
231 000
229 000
46 600
60 200
* 30 000
* 118 000
46 000
54 100
* 18 300
* 80 000
138 100
62 400
* 27 000
* 112 000
130 500
63 400
* 59 000
* 128 000
* 131 000
* 64 000
* 60 000
* 130 000
26 960
* 5 000
29 092
13 667
6 336
27 620
* 17 300
* 9 200
30 105
* 17 800
* 9 000
30 134
* 17 800
* 9 000
28 574
83 200
42 400
69 600
94 000
96 435
107 882
112 992
114 230
120 076
131 818
* 30 000
87 000
* 20 000
56 000
* 25 000
108 000
* 25 000
145 000
* 27 000
110 000
54 931
15 026
42 674
—
12 000
7 657
36 705
14 413
30 044
50 756
17 292
56 167
14 179
19 247
42 402
* 130 000
273 485
185 344
* 60 000
180 135
* 130 000
247 615
233 974
* 150 000
169 643
* 130 000
281 266
* 200 000
* 150 000
* 170 000
* 130 000
248 700
170 102
* 150 000
* 170 000
* 130 000
266 000
203 886
* 150 000
* 170 000
8 475
25 061
56 031
2 948
1 736
72
9 673
4 190
800
100
53 206
200
800
400
72 668
300
800
200
79 400
300
6 179
9 979
15 377
—
14 353
20 605
—
* 30 000
—
* 30 000
59 940
10 844
61 194
32 000
4 600
22 250
34 960
26 419
38 860
25 036
32 304
18 575
50 089
32 726
12 862
* 161 000
* 158 000
* 74 000
* 33 000
* 60 100
* 59 200
* 44 000
* 23 000
* 134 000
* 132 000
* 64 400
* 32 500
* 108 000
* 164 000
* 57 000
* 43 000
* 108 000
* 165 000
* 57 000
45 000
Iron, Steel and Ferro-Alloys
tonnes
Production continued
Country
Sweden
Ferro-chrome
Turkey
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-chrome
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
118 700
31 100
64 400
80 140
35 800
75 840
6 094
41 028
2 903
* 60 000
* 3 000
* 60 000
* 3 000
* 60 000
* 3 000
Exports of iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Country
Austria
Pig iron
Ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Belgium
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Bulgaria
Pig iron
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Croatia
Ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Cyprus
Scrap
Czech Republic
Pig iron
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Denmark
Pig iron
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Estonia
Ferro-alloys
Scrap
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
7 539
7 541
5 412
284 063
1 351 725
2 354
5 953
4 795
187 410
1 067 926
4 476
2 618
7 403
190 343
1 034 398
3
1 690
597
293 647
950 865
74
2 291
1 643
238 922
1 008 503
283 034
20 732
38 927
12 463
24 024
40 777
17 759
54 905
12 686
6 673
908 563
3 250 800
160 120
14 655
20 403
15 645
9 915
31 374
16 396
47 214
2 988
5 954
279 680
3 245 159
254 854
35 395
25 965
5 849
26 544
48 652
19 593
23 071
4 137
8 522
487 535
3 754 403
255 067
10 029
23 538
1 549
41 161
47 762
20 134
33 676
16 124
8 396
484 510
3 533 560
232 381
14 734
26 098
666
43 319
10 280
21 760
25 595
8 045
2 327
336 540
3 618 789
23 553
288
2 076
550
85 466
740 414
1 420
...
2 890
9 867
54 115
510 997
1 141
19
980
2 115
30 327
949 000
854
1
248
312
24 822
850 898
1 249
136
1 563
907
14 564
730 749
3 286
3 486
357 487
3 397
7
302 085
6 526
2 495
357 015
5 254
30 004
517 438
2 368
4 041
516 600
72 106
80 349
96 654
138 529
136 351
30 457
8 780
2 830
13 897
1 375
500 423
1 792 889
24 041
4 285
1 868
12 274
783
222 780
1 442 865
65 473
9 806
3 440
23 873
847
320 821
1 814 398
45 677
7 354
4 603
6 732
584
356 146
2 011 915
82 769
7 571
5 737
9 311
74
292 066
2 042 131
89
48
491
16 775
1 372 424
53
55
291
13 287
1 335 754
239
77
54
19 143
1 596 485
1 102
164
43
21 926
1 554 808
1 681
1 043
48
21 050
1 359 467
153
650 099
100
384 299
124
512 766
142
563 124
1 012
631 831
243
Iron, Steel and Ferro-Alloys
Exports continued
Country
Finland
Pig iron
Ferro-chrome
Other ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
France
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Germany
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-phosphorus
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
Ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Greece
Pig iron
Ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Hungary
Ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Iceland
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Scrap
Ireland, Republic of
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
244
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
14 070
37 709
110
281 325
308 047
11 317
61 319
308
253 440
276 010
2 564
126 713
560
263 863
229 680
373
97 322
211
219 129
341 937
14 459
104 829
217
127 904
361 107
88 462
14 698
2 098
272
2 457
42 260
374
46
984
73 824
1 493
28 430
...
2 830 986
6 028 712
151 699
5 261
2 217
844
2 882
41 324
379
10 496
261
51 676
844
10 077
231
1 814 051
5 402 426
52 439
18 917
2 447
1 259
2 200
51 330
548
6 104
505
77 144
1 869
37 932
261
1 858 111
6 665 264
53 736
20 857
2 035
1 222
2 554
54 023
802
1 042
220
84 879
1 985
33 076
298
2 088 739
6 240 254
44 010
9 484
2 837
2 381
1 704
51 068
972
787
186
74 961
1 660
45 776
85
2 232 987
6 233 179
153 917
95 846
36 856
6 342
11 802
10 354
3 858
1 036
1 057
477
63 858
4 237
460
413
28 533
—
2 047 223
8 268 662
86 491
28 183
27 831
1 113
9 043
4 436
3 229
1 725
321
475
63 214
1 662
339
755
8 210
20 207
1 655 376
7 275 257
180 542
56 763
54 956
1 718
12 387
3 377
3 174
7 869
538
1 452
95 683
4 180
640
659
10 799
29 309
2 150 091
9 175 802
183 310
43 160
45 048
2 355
22 690
17 756
4 440
5 775
237
1 233
81 464
5 350
402
391
8 722
33 077
2 150 120
9 859 197
171 347
35 370
32 760
2 062
11 811
12 006
2 815
391
228
1 250
67 351
4 687
417
226
3 952
49 693
1 712 813
9 658 280
67
3 671
162 819
36 018
351
377
102 721
34 840
2 009
999
143 318
66 989
2 650
294
139 537
59 592
2
11 299
64 523
57 511
47
...
90 282
691 805
...
...
4 315
636 805
104
...
9 274
1 132 142
207
4 317
44 796
1 272 473
272
2 887
7 260
1 171 610
105 868
1 729
—
60 287
112 993
4 595
200
38 075
114 231
5 603
—
37 328
120 076
6
—
38 954
131 818
0
—
28 581
924
485 387
547
428 416
262
484 871
9 240
609 985
510
517 800
Iron, Steel and Ferro-Alloys
tonnes
Exports continued
Country
Italy
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Latvia
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Lithuania
Ferro-alloys
Scrap
Luxembourg
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Macedonia
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-silicon
Scrap
Malta
Scrap
Montenegro
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Netherlands
Pig iron
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
Ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Norway
Pig iron (a)
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese (a)
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
36 137
615
4 593
168
12 890
6 882
277
123
7 094
3 072
6 007
964 245
387 528
61 761
452
2 066
163
7 457
4 322
1 266
418
6 395
2 523
3 200
570 380
325 026
38 026
729
5 020
33
9 186
4 316
149
176
6 329
863
3 284
909 562
422 731
22 412
1 534
5 639
27
9 761
3 890
41
215
8 642
951
4 293
908 493
317 626
51 911
3 904
3 399
114
11 603
15 215
1 048
52
7 741
968
1 621
831 477
324 451
...
1 343
...
...
4 010
388 456
204
402
...
1
2 323
213 766
4 051
794
6 247
11 029
2 442
396 794
9 502
1 132
16 563
23 706
5 045
563 192
30 189
515
20 152
13 874
72 535
507 285
11 188
659 646
3 093
422 436
104
595 721
141
664 225
3 280
562 585
49 843
504 067
16 793
114 924
10 953
165 832
37 393
133 133
27 521
102 625
...
...
...
(a)* 257 000
104 326
773
10 938
(a)* 91 800
16 621
59 407
50
31 344
67 384
19 491
71 830
4
46 254
77 107
52 684
83 784
209
22 482
89 302
41 131
88 861
25 379
27 775
29 498
38 408
34 244
32 159
10 229
15 423
14 442
18 775
28 570
6 866
55 204
9 199
43 998
170 468
103 036
15
65 203
17 571
3 150
5 086
1 736
71 762
3 046
1 168
2 274
22 603
15 547
806 999
4 523 660
89 714
62 439
* 300
33 193
37 593
1 894
3 564
925
87 348
2 730
476
926
* 33 000
46 466
157 861
* 2 835 000
111 189
170 489
448
35 353
66 085
6 462
6 264
1 175
219 244
10 510
727
1 909
50 903
69 896
849 018
5 541 773
133 861
242 310
14 816
66 053
62 737
6 544
7 514
2 070
238 469
13 620
1 155
2 343
16 535
65 055
1 553 519
5 692 223
184 975
232 408
31 811
57 013
99 228
8 031
10 306
1 280
226 217
10 357
990
1 772
15 559
86 097
1 601 063
5 635 229
* 110 100
798
(a)* 80
* 354 000
257 804
209 669
57 777
155 385
62 625
269 370
* 75 000
286
—
* 203 000
200 279
115 682
16 247
109 254
106 505
228 138
* 118 000
678
(a)* 30
* 332 000
245 095
214 643
2 479
162 649
64 474
337 675
* 110 000
169
(a)* 65
* 379 000
246 808
246 711
47
154 191
92 475
289 943
* 91 000
1 269
(a)* 90
* 370 000
277 070
244 224
9
161 468
163 423
345 558
245
Iron, Steel and Ferro-Alloys
Exports continued
Country
tonnes
2008
Poland
Pig iron
5 189
Sponge and powder
3 838
Ferro-manganese and ferro-silico-manganese
37 978
Ferro-silicon
52 976
Other ferro-alloys
2 932
Silicon metal
893
Ingots, blooms, billets
1 580 450
Scrap
1 368 952
Portugal
Pig iron
1
Ferro-alloys
546
Ingots, blooms, billets
164 425
Scrap
172 133
Romania
Sponge and powder
18 697
Ferro-chrome
161
Ferro-manganese
701
Ferro-silico-manganese
5 793
Ferro-niobium
123
Ferro-silicon
444
Other ferro-alloys
197
Ingots, blooms, billets
220 136
Scrap
1 985 977
Serbia
Pig iron
81 427
Ingots, blooms, billets
632
Scrap
345 813
Slovakia
Pig iron
20 676
Ferro-chrome
10 830
Ferro-manganese
48 747
Ferro-silico-manganese
55 873
Ferro-molybdenum
222
Ferro-silicon
21 352
Other ferro-alloys
4 384
Ingots, blooms, billets
241 811
Scrap
525 777
Slovenia
Pig iron
24 639
Ferro-chrome
3 419
Ferro-manganese
1 090
Ferro-silico-manganese
1 243
Ferro-silicon
20 826
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
521
Other ferro-alloys
6 243
Silicon metal
1 149
Ingots, blooms, billets
21 006
Scrap
199 016
Spain
Pig iron
9 747
Sponge and powder
4 763
Ferro-chrome
4 768
Ferro-manganese
65 330
Ferro-silico-manganese
34 307
Ferro-molybdenum
45
Ferro-silicon
9 562
Other ferro-alloys
393
Silicon metal
16 008
Ingots, blooms, billets
310 671
Scrap
214 913
246
2009
2010
2011
2012
10 543
4 448
21 640
16 401
2 655
1 033
664 035
978 862
17 340
5 293
10 113
59 845
7 452
845
490 919
1 334 069
21 122
16 519
3 284
76 121
8 135
1 390
846 908
1 838 699
79 889
7 185
5 844
72 741
4 919
1 674
618 682
1 955 438
51
255
136 284
216 037
18 502
1 746
172 983
303 013
21 606
2 392
119 353
239 842
18 330
793
54 844
236 115
18 807
3 543
1 801
8 120
72
727
130
51 644
2 565 443
24 454
14 234
45
19 087
53
24
223
196 302
2 519 237
29 320
10 996
26
34 387
66
0
101
267 543
2 348 565
25 038
8 577
195
4 171
136
—
1 716
199 986
1 908 069
71 778
46 587
328 763
70 090
20 547
416 713
46 629
111 080
357 778
374 860
187 578
372 846
29 779
4 029
19 204
37 792
119
15 823
1 129
255 917
318 290
70 588
10 029
14 032
35 764
78
19 656
3 390
631 135
556 952
26 976
11 189
10 229
28 660
2 416
31 004
3 226
221 697
651 135
29 527
12 893
4 308
44 202
172
26 389
4 940
413 032
430 539
4 412
3 648
1 056
1 938
6 628
50
3 297
3 049
12 296
284 958
10 507
5 320
1 769
5 959
7 280
124
4 214
5 568
17 320
343 716
21 823
4 757
1 317
4 268
13 397
123
4 554
4 753
39 269
409 401
19 227
12 373
3 076
3 281
9 241
53
5 193
764
33 034
417 264
4 772
2 566
367
29 403
25 859
242
5 939
208
5 571
261 758
302 465
2 998
2 658
1 025
52 296
58 097
359
12 854
2 191
18 463
337 566
277 401
7 023
3 233
1 181
37 866
65 469
7
12 952
2 326
21 864
194 482
431 394
11 831
3 000
1 359
42 486
66 101
55
20 235
1 901
20 690
134 781
737 203
Iron, Steel and Ferro-Alloys
tonnes
Exports continued
Country
Sweden
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese and ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-phosphorus
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Switzerland
Sponge and powder
Ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Turkey
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
United Kingdom
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-alloys
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-phosphorus
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
Ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
62 588
19 844
3 534
3 620
301
1 370
2 616
112
895
2 458
102 086
1 449 311
141 261
296 251
35 886
2 423
193
364
3 004
250
330
968
58 631
1 439 126
146 027
12 335
51 010
3 517
340
582
6 905
50
498
2 337
261 273
1 352 399
133 387
313 081
2 752
3 581
375
448
6 903
57
665
1 274
235 814
1 484 197
109 644
297 427
2 525
2 835
294
479
15 630
64
950
1 206
450 860
1 543 542
2 126
642
65 257
636 462
1 564
943
48 349
565 415
2 191
1 191
66 642
623 910
981
1 299
85 201
630 837
1 013
848
70 375
626 757
10 372
520
39 324
2 466
677
1 464
1 075
2 501 135
77 654
10 616
219
75 236
1 614
2 247
1 280
1 059
2 431 211
66 673
8 028
1 326
74 570
4 410
2 362
4 619
507
3 716 586
94 498
9 357
7 581
76 255
3 536
2 172
5 807
4 886
2 459 563
105 914
7 723
1 422
75 555
2 003
1 237
2 653
795
2 985 209
95 152
2 523
2 794
40 986
1 376
9
976
1 210
49
11 283
81
58
45
3 250
18 557
31
79
3 981
15 132
3 348 794
6 616 708
27 765
3 103
28 899
1 475
50
458
963
65
7 634
18
52
312
3 338
13 098
1
64
1 373
7 753
2 118 701
6 007 656
4 339
2 938
45 314
2 403
22
366
8 361
52
11 248
15
224
667
2 958
15 197
4
24
3 774
2 901
1 137 160
7 507 853
2 074
3 775
43 918
1 853
364
338
819
132
12 948
49
179
766
6 594
17 662
3
52
2 158
3 662
668 885
7 744 411
3 775
33 831
49 357
2 288
72
327
658
7 503
12 421
539
257
562
4 659
18 040
20
31
1 979
3 027
1 817 820
7 160 639
Note(s)
(1) In this table the term 'ingots, blooms, billets' corresponds to items 7206, 7207, 7218 and 7224 of the Harmonised System which
includes those of alloy and high carbon steel
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
247
Iron, Steel and Ferro-Alloys
Imports of iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Country
Austria
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-phosphorus
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
Ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Belgium
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-phosphorus
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
Ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Bulgaria
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Croatia
Pig iron
Ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
248
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
43 663
56 471
47 748
430
36 491
22 322
1 552
61
1 125
2 011
27 850
879
1 277
289
1 590
15 601
191 426
1 629 170
30 084
13 980
20 400
79
18 962
17 927
801
1
665
1 095
12 825
388
208
32
1 764
7 288
46 762
1 196 327
25 355
13 537
29 355
132
17 840
22 976
742
...
1 061
1 232
27 063
471
552
166
3 549
11 497
159 527
991 574
30 367
18 585
38 422
150
21 671
19 931
1 402
973
1 191
2 497
33 709
630
715
65
4 806
10 180
186 929
1 016 301
18 706
90 782
35 000
97
21 540
18 862
1 503
906
1 865
610
38 402
607
624
300
3 067
7 189
196 328
1 007 906
547 962
22 005
378 017
15 483
2 879
83 610
63 577
2 339
89 430
1 530
10 421
118 585
5 572
158
336
6 626
20 015
2 536 024
4 214 915
281 872
19 389
185 381
—
1 292
21 327
36 931
2 215
46 248
1 089
3 124
62 888
2 161
159
246
3 363
18 995
1 966 055
3 678 867
331 652
39 503
263 715
1 950
1 992
48 471
72 195
2 160
48 017
1 890
2 612
92 785
2 926
229
214
7 039
23 566
2 554 975
4 726 992
320 083
54 212
248 006
10 437
1 716
69 017
77 001
3 261
64 242
1 598
1 459
105 445
2 377
93
146
8 777
21 688
2 916 336
4 634 651
286 145
42 889
275 926
19 741
1 258
70 732
28 938
3 437
40 217
1 687
1 227
87 805
2 525
249
263
7 451
10 440
2 458 279
4 330 264
27 941
1 282
656
405
4 206
4 325
3 331
292
97
1 112
567 381
237 055
6 736
14 572
182
180
3 137
3 479
1 152
34
87
732
306 020
202 276
14 781
317
356
164
3 137
4 291
2 520
72
91
732
258 743
269 483
17 521
294
578
183
6 280
6 324
3 246
175
134
4 319
411 534
230 401
13 807
97
489
177
3 816
6 966
4 203
173
125
5 145
300 224
113 497
15 031
4 790
20 077
19 400
8 420
2 239
19 396
10 628
10 343
4 051
6 514
30 395
14 072
2 490
1 943
44 335
12 353
1 223
14 199
4 875
Iron, Steel and Ferro-Alloys
Imports continued
Country
Czech Republic
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-phosphorus
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Denmark
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Estonia
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Scrap
Finland
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-phosphorus
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
111 872
24 791
26 043
1 402
33 704
48 962
2 049
3
394
716
37 230
482
578
4 425
5 826
525 598
502 256
47 666
10 006
14 715
564
23 630
34 418
949
2
183
410
23 936
160
299
2 709
4 408
220 524
377 942
54 625
15 391
16 962
820
26 204
40 732
1 868
96
275
645
31 908
239
482
3 012
5 805
651 182
410 647
76 416
24 059
10 933
1 061
25 281
41 411
2 401
136
310
650
33 418
317
472
2 749
5 809
322 206
472 576
67 036
18 754
9 658
699
24 826
39 572
3 415
47
360
451
29 475
212
526
2 358
4 910
352 697
475 327
14 064
3 602
841
145
1 702
1 559
672 439
392 453
10 299
1 742
16
101
569
448
328 893
269 841
10 263
3 229
114
139
2 864
149
538 503
337 192
17 316
3 586
8
121
3 328
98
609 342
242 848
17 014
8 505
32
248
3 655
87
420 037
208 231
840
52
222
37 774
220
2
83
9 267
438
21
213
8 434
374
149
79
12 230
411
61
102
8 305
42 681
942 664
11 182
880
15 709
34 139
1 730
50 294
757
380
29 740
1 857
315
2 997
1 638
11 114
596 792
18 097
493 087
5 094
309
5 985
20 642
584
17 098
318
285
21 437
710
91
1 028
548
30 206
467 642
36 120
872 476
7 055
190
10 595
30 204
1 316
25 746
629
543
31 395
1 043
235
4 648
1 390
18 268
754 398
31 235
1 871
8 274
158
11 784
30 169
1 717
40 962
849
499
30 207
1 843
193
4 839
1 281
17 119
710 558
21 728
1 102
33 392
220
10 170
* 22 000
* 1 200
* 51 000
874
325
34 361
942
134
1 545
845
10 111
46 094
249
Iron, Steel and Ferro-Alloys
Imports continued
Country
France
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-phosphorus
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
Ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Germany
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-phosphorus
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
Ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Greece
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Hungary
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-phosphorus
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
250
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
202 077
89 809
111 584
1 969
69 464
54 004
5 637
5 887
3 266
2 698
61 740
8 293
666
1 575
24 885
23 885
1 747 005
3 241 199
115 722
26 695
71 570
1 375
33 948
34 758
3 263
12 709
1 183
1 670
30 913
2 647
247
819
10 711
15 243
1 113 710
2 407 619
139 186
52 795
111 080
1 047
44 405
35 405
3 720
7 724
2 195
2 656
51 906
5 457
343
1 065
16 247
19 135
1 807 094
2 450 993
160 336
84 787
99 240
1 102
43 245
44 217
4 857
16 270
2 225
2 227
65 306
5 756
378
1 113
15 035
19 373
2 047 778
2 682 258
140 321
38 973
106 591
483
37 724
58 938
4 441
4 818
1 608
1 833
54 824
3 958
303
811
8 602
27 828
1 728 612
2 732 380
713 470
90 069
544 619
12 886
11 536
209 083
156 484
17 434
177 851
6 269
4 801
215 374
13 824
2 182
5 333
12 109
225 185
2 970 042
5 675 167
402 132
294 393
305 008
8 648
5 914
122 063
111 008
12 484
127 087
4 047
1 332
146 127
5 461
1 366
3 421
6 325
183 516
1 171 865
3 865 110
421 287
500 970
454 005
29 047
2 972
203 200
185 067
16 375
192 394
5 923
6 067
272 466
8 754
787
5 034
11 783
255 977
1 611 091
5 305 194
589 302
326 097
447 242
18 334
6 208
232 613
208 913
18 760
155 881
6 579
5 137
298 352
9 818
977
5 305
15 982
241 565
2 401 066
6 658 407
614 096
210 328
392 515
8 573
4 528
192 817
206 967
16 934
139 658
6 297
5 587
248 310
9 912
1 010
5 096
21 651
232 640
1 768 289
5 737 878
9 185
7 709
1 146
1 753
24 943
8 170
504
2 312
171 231
1 485 316
9 107
9 685
916
1 216
8 023
4 569
170
906
159 350
1 159 166
4 427
5 772
693
837
18 515
4 888
849
1 426
28 092
1 008 235
9 127
3 302
1 217
271
12 695
4 361
167
1 746
71 878
935 510
470
429
1 304
203
10 971
2 924
156
1 212
17 546
413 394
12 951
1 043
232
4 318
4 661
183
135
...
5 232
12 843
2 184
273 585
146 494
3 403
425
150
2 037
922
73
...
...
3 100
15 557
2 589
104 855
34 357
7 158
756
187
12 015
724
85
75
652
3 630
569
4 010
30 505
56 974
5 662
638
223
16 011
1 785
105
141
60
3 999
312
7 832
240 299
68 566
5 527
479
279
12 255
225
108
111
111
2 969
410
5 619
565 955
34 219
Iron, Steel and Ferro-Alloys
Imports continued
Country
Iceland
Pig iron
Ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Scrap
Ireland, Republic of
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Other ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Italy
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-phosphorus
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
Ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Latvia
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Lithuania
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Luxembourg
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Macedonia
Pig iron
Ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
1 128
113
1 614
1 164
1 333
5 641
237
643
1 148
6 838
4 366
11 545
841
204
3 204
4 680
844
727
4 816
7
2 359
997
31
338
5 459
4 206
1 202
955
53
683
5 373
4 388
1 345
989
89
296
7 332
4 030
947
1 176
128
233
5 423
3 310
1 182
1 216
100
139
4 952
6 565
2 238 037
396 660
389 002
243
7 422
96 771
186 135
8 318
104 198
2 733
488
122 236
3 861
578
2 445
8 294
57 493
5 311 325
5 705 462
895 818
174 364
296 813
—
1 759
46 537
119 670
3 998
78 383
1 395
550
89 909
4 462
300
1 158
4 267
27 402
2 655 726
3 321 387
1 018 615
278 989
390 374
97
1 943
71 406
158 540
6 141
98 168
2 751
631
137 031
3 876
247
1 901
7 325
48 392
3 681 439
4 609 403
1 288 014
540 005
414 410
841
1 683
86 512
176 855
8 541
116 806
2 521
414
160 561
3 819
252
2 330
9 198
53 131
3 662 856
5 752 270
1 106 558
551 034
416 091
3
2 125
82 933
167 310
9 547
128 877
2 619
365
118 880
3 139
269
2 367
7 117
41 277
3 169 000
5 271 612
56 964
19
140
10 334
23 477
18 466
132
467
146 505
412 240
38 140
14 931
588
2 345
14 722
15 085
415
783
226 967
214 564
45 454
4 460
6 995
4 090
18 898
24 660
158
1 553
206 428
443 817
2 244
565
9 782
1 480
17 085
25 992
245
981
402 711
366 039
2 653
104
17 179
584
25 026
15 963
199
1 134
3 861
923 037
9 634
2
0
374
81
9 661
64 462
2 842
2
...
39
71
1 229
29 805
32
—
...
102
59
4 270
35 270
35
3
674
40
42
5 384
71 858
42
936
986
40
1 464
4 536
59 444
5 478
28 617
473
8 115
357
952
1 004 405
3 880 672
1 132
25 617
166
2 846
150
432
364 945
1 829 754
910
27 116
192
3 428
292
614
407 419
2 693 481
1 317
29 053
226
3 828
328
851
370 786
2 632 849
1 193
29 843
212
3 642
298
797
237 293
2 259 684
2 609
3 402
482 294
255 543
1 732
1 618
157 566
7 375
1 823
2 401
145 509
292 049
1 382
5 970
97 889
318 612
1 075
3 251
100 791
157 401
251
Iron, Steel and Ferro-Alloys
Imports continued
Country
Montenegro
Pig iron
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Scrap
Netherlands
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
Ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Norway
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Poland
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-phosphorus
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Portugal
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
252
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
17 864
356
2 921
697
66
138 502
13 954
103
1 664
271
24
54 801
322
242
1 663
288
55
19 950
1 150
395
891
187
171
27 396
119
249
306
402
38
11 306
292 867
253 882
275 995
1
96 135
70 108
8 566
17 602
2 074
114 290
6 781
1 572
2 042
30 407
57 446
283 834
1 842 597
122 185
109 768
40 931
1 394
39 045
29 335
2 868
4 274
949
79 461
1 860
554
519
6 951
41 740
110 561
* 1 135 000
98 575
378 111
93 919
2 838
86 504
57 967
4 643
19 378
920
178 138
11 922
1 168
2 014
11 263
82 599
536 157
1 988 278
213 530
402 025
123 284
525
89 805
80 905
7 753
25 849
1 354
152 194
13 484
1 298
1 890
17 558
75 664
1 335 875
2 188 452
190 874
416 889
76 613
353
84 529
21 583
4 548
20 222
1 397
181 213
14 189
726
1 710
7 372
81 148
1 040 244
2 408 332
11 198
1 589
929
7 448
1 960
81
13 502
2 390
40 878
167 309
96 427
10 639
292
1 162
6 608
1 186
103
9 097
823
29 810
59 344
91 114
1 498
575
1 311
5 303
548
121
10 615
1 544
49 349
4 733
108 802
10 709
39 665
1 534
5 254
0
172
9 595
2 090
53 897
5 411
138 814
9 749
36 216
1 293
1 200
2
133
5 383
1 022
28 196
5 977
210 426
236 682
8 390
13 713
4 116
31 876
47 964
1 554
231
1 386
20 424
210
418
4 236
11 652
584 305
465 978
156 970
4 677
6 064
2 366
32 935
71 585
711
244
675
16 132
117
313
3 096
11 839
157 799
596 733
176 145
7 594
7 785
3 402
30 721
56 882
612
395
917
21 576
194
370
4 355
16 219
119 466
374 076
228 357
14 597
8 042
2 326
45 192
65 816
547
279
1 253
18 457
259
10
5 856
17 091
370 144
409 454
200 340
7 336
9 413
1 752
31 083
60 667
470
379
1 183
15 818
291
447
6 658
17 754
575 506
383 472
13 824
740
1 093
1 318
908
10 063
3 479
5 303
187
26 532
1 128 391
7 507
38 849
245
1 104
762
9 921
3 707
3 516
410
53 089
887 110
10 623
6 919
810
1 475
856
3 820
2 902
657
753
28 583
672 856
4 980
37 376
683
470
722
4 836
3 408
2 611
950
33 675
616 063
1 895
27 383
617
79
683
14 765
3 130
4 500
1 182
33 266
1 165 785
Iron, Steel and Ferro-Alloys
Imports continued
Country
Romania
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-phosphorus
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Serbia
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Slovakia
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-phosphorus
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Slovenia
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-phosphorus
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
Ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
37 889
3 203
3 423
89
28 773
17 919
212
273
227
13 190
84
125
1 402
3 155
757 551
17 886
61 027
1 518
984
36
9 063
11 461
177
61
188
4 998
40
57
949
1 104
109 046
4 204
111 702
2 740
1 500
49
15 530
19 151
274
55
217
9 859
183
153
1 255
3 098
458 742
5 501
48 365
22 355
2 856
25
18 136
24 215
315
132
154
9 602
412
166
1 495
3 205
771 167
8 416
58 954
1 777
2 564
104
21 039
19 093
420
177
119
10 392
284
166
635
2 730
328 843
49 468
2 235
5 154
1 167
12 329
78
3 086
491
95 726
49 261
523
122
1 104
8 571
6
2 089
275
205 528
15 178
2 739
217
1 272
9 524
440
2 418
324
283 255
12 403
1 281
187
1 884
9 270
2 431
3 285
357
34 913
35 192
1 073
89
1 327
2 299
3 727
2 631
219
2 021
90 554
70 034
* 143 700
7 539
19 503
2 776
245
897
1 033
23 747
367
217
3 546
6 391
18 953
217 558
19 468
4 090
2 635
16 912
2 720
171
154
590
14 970
315
7
664
4 460
54 781
164 985
33 258
13 227
6 829
13 202
1 776
140
315
282
15 250
535
62
1 627
6 309
10 020
224 868
43 874
7 294
6 684
16 391
4 904
374
426
629
12 660
435
123
981
7 196
24 162
146 065
38 466
6 124
8 014
17 286
3 902
252
549
463
9 171
281
144
201
6 329
7 314
342 657
68 153
1 311
25 665
1 354
5 663
3 373
540
483
24 651
434
108
454
2 624
6 536
12 930
367 968
24 031
1 053
15 951
286
4 157
3 467
410
522
11 335
108
14
230
1 421
4 929
1 568
281 950
29 120
1 225
26 575
624
6 175
8 810
717
846
13 114
230
99
481
1 795
7 874
8 191
495 432
25 327
1 630
36 528
786
5 763
7 697
885
968
15 739
232
136
449
1 687
8 318
31 931
561 713
30 517
794
36 673
1 485
6 318
7 477
1 028
1 115
15 371
228
65
413
1 714
5 862
20 897
552 363
253
Iron, Steel and Ferro-Alloys
Imports continued
Country
Spain
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-phosphorus
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
Ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Sweden
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-phosphorus
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Switzerland
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-phosphorus
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
254
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
688 421
621 627
203 518
4 210
2 328
17 126
74 962
3 777
68 355
685
1 488
46 445
1 006
168
1 122
7 561
8 856
1 587 605
7 408 237
380 731
295 665
113 275
312
865
13 357
50 683
3 756
43 936
553
193
27 140
611
125
809
4 954
9 523
1 007 820
4 674 099
442 656
636 496
164 125
1 854
1 567
19 930
39 895
6 446
47 389
983
1 425
27 581
1 203
55
1 088
6 138
8 446
1 269 577
5 708 900
315 904
640 549
152 254
5 448
2 139
15 256
36 803
6 943
43 284
1 334
1 816
29 894
1 120
60
1 094
8 566
11 801
1 061 766
4 764 338
274 202
487 073
180 740
4 037
2 696
23 224
39 584
10 662
45 528
1 000
1 282
28 149
957
1 079
964
7 401
12 573
1 025 012
4 348 807
80 450
11 861
114 712
3 873
698
68 246
10 677
5 693
6 803
1 264
386
34 249
1 370
956
8 371
7 631
264 782
193 207
40 076
2 691
78 244
1 215
246
27 869
5 754
2 652
3 286
604
430
25 880
653
547
1 938
4 404
119 549
174 279
58 974
11 668
90 630
1 805
424
60 577
9 099
4 388
7 995
1 146
415
37 424
1 127
729
2 097
6 818
193 605
217 682
78 818
24 398
74 988
4 133
20
57 927
11 586
4 723
10 119
1 544
632
37 743
1 459
1 058
1 894
5 375
203 669
245 225
58 329
34 982
56 996
803
44
45 423
15 965
4 913
10 119
1 614
584
44 736
1 731
954
1 691
6 112
151 187
236 125
28 630
8 873
1 803
11 696
5 011
208
342
5 264
52
845
1 255
29 911
505 597
12 256
5 931
288
8 003
1 595
76
173
4 287
82
280
1 256
9 188
313 055
16 812
6 668
1 480
11 566
3 767
174
321
5 014
548
381
1 385
18 026
452 626
17 969
4 812
1 846
9 721
4 948
230
191
5 937
544
561
1 661
61 349
456 700
13 207
4 780
1 519
10 871
4 292
157
200
4 527
187
272
1 014
49 448
343 770
Iron, Steel and Ferro-Alloys
Imports continued
Country
Turkey
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-phosphorus
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
United Kingdom
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-phosphorus
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
802 741
96 393
11 321
324
4 604
73 319
195 623
1 645
609
1 731
90 477
634
529
7 417
6 207
3 849 141
17 414 983
770 160
81 008
2 787
—
3 082
46 760
191 605
1 173
338
412
60 164
651
323
2 978
5 852
3 590 665
15 372 727
557 398
284 608
8 159
1
786
61 866
229 451
1 577
147
1 050
87 552
167
261
7 366
9 978
2 350 758
19 138 460
1 137 729
180 591
9 061
200
1 344
59 326
243 637
1 091
424
1 035
107 151
480
591
8 213
10 363
2 157 532
21 452 724
1 376 572
387 667
6 493
600
2 064
54 195
252 758
1 181
550
1 117
100 727
629
562
6 639
10 777
3 355 265
22 415 045
61 657
27 003
79 692
128
1 614
96 461
52 966
369
16 520
1 189
2 473
59 438
1 290
543
2 237
56 807
679 019
228 294
19 703
17 483
34 884
13
512
49 700
37 114
325
2 777
686
282
31 091
396
209
2 296
68 109
212 829
213 818
41 959
97 745
58 398
9
931
46 985
49 280
322
6 284
859
836
43 703
274
340
595
99 651
714 541
270 986
69 095
147 870
70 191
362
1 328
39 159
51 928
573
13 888
395
1 134
45 918
187
368
388
101 005
1 185 242
423 744
55 845
176 638
65 219
723
1 360
47 706
36 661
458
17 916
250
474
39 351
902
246
1 520
97 454
835 691
284 986
Note(s)
(1) In this table the term 'ingots, blooms, billets' corresponds to items 7206, 7207, 7218 and 7224 of the Harmonised System which
includes those of alloy and high carbon steel
255
Iron, Steel and Ferro-Alloys
Iron and steel ingots, blooms and billets - EU35 trade in 2012
Turkey
Italy
Belgium
Germany
France
Netherlands
Spain
United Kingdom
Poland
Hungary
Denmark
Czech Republic
Romania
Bulgaria
Luxembourg
Austria
Sweden
Finland
Slovakia
Norway
Serbia
Exports
Imports
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
Million tonnes
1
2
3
4
Iron and steel scrap - EU35 trade in 2012
Turkey
Germany
Italy
Spain
Belgium
France
Netherlands
Luxembourg
Portugal
Austria
Latvia
Slovenia
Czech Republic
Greece
Poland
Switzerland
Slovakia
United Kingdom
Sweden
Norway
Denmark
Bulgaria
Lithuania
Romania
Hungary
Estonia
Ireland, Republic of
Croatia
Exports
Imports
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
Million tonnes
256
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
Kaolin
Kaolin
•
Kaolin is the market name for the clay mineral kaolinite. Unlike ceramic and refractory clays, kaolinite is usually processed to eliminate
impurities and to tailor the product for end-use. Kaolin has many industrial applications: the main ones are in the manufacture of paper,
ceramics, rubber, plastics, paint, cement and glass-fibres.
•
USA was the world’s largest producer in 2012, with 23 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Germany (17 per
cent), followed by China (12 per cent), Brazil (seven per cent) and Iran (six per cent).
EU35 Production of kaolin 2012
Others 6.9%
Portugal 3.4%
Spain 3.5%
Germany 46.9%
Rest of World
63.9%
Turkey 13.9%
EU35 36.1%
United Kingdom 12.3%
Belgium 3.2%
France 3.3%
Czech Republic 6.7%
Production of kaolin
Country
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic (a)
France
Germany (b)
Greece
Italy
Poland (c)
Portugal
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Spain (c)
Turkey
United Kingdom
16 460
* 300 000
* 220 000
664 000
335 520
3 622 159
4 360
* 180 000
165 615
217 434
3 060
398 917
44 000
355 739
232 746
1 355 365
18 148
* 300 000
* 140 000
488 000
350 000
4 513 753
—
* 180 000
136 561
274 925
651
163 616
10 000
270 298
234 614
1 059 848
18 914
* 300 000
* 190 000
636 000
350 000
4 578 097
3 493
* 180 000
125 000
273 890
326
76 197
—
310 993
787 287
* 1 140 000
18 897
* 300 000
* 250 000
660 000
310 000
4 898 516
7 250
* 180 000
163 600
322 041
—
90 472
4 000
384 179
1 229 352
* 1 290 000
* 14 000
* 300 000
* 240 000
624 000
308 000
4 398 796
5 583
* 180 000
137 800
317 489
—
69 487
3 000
331 707
* 1 300 000
* 1 150 000
EU35 Total
8 100 000
8 100 000
9 000 000
10 100 000
9 400 000
Note(s)
(1) In addition to the countries listed Denmark is believed to produce kaolin
(a) Beneficiated
(b) Washed and dried
(c) Washed
257
Kaolin
EU35 Production of kaolin 2008 - 12
12 000
Thousand tonnes
10 000
8 000
6 000
4 000
2 000
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Exports of kaolin
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Hungary
Italy
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Serbia
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2 445
1 030 076
139 069
233 819
486
...
8 587
319 301
498 165
3 110
13 627
12
268
72 264
47
8 936
47 562
10 251
593
155 563
30 495
130 923
1 955 020
8 954
783 512
119 736
174 814
352
—
13 832
268 674
374 313
2 847
21 392
18
414
33 563
271
11 515
51 014
4 239
1 425
156 915
31 122
61 828
1 393 939
27 908
523 697
159 669
485 203
607
878
18 176
272 778
389 927
2 436
36 208
40
22
33 923
103
9 781
31 390
1 868
4 493
167 811
23 103
137 963
1 722 335
6 588
232 664
197 114
537 962
1 370
830
30 760
273 802
431 815
3 272
27 994
648
6
24 652
85
13 591
102 721
1 282
552
161 156
16 444
83 203
2 315 560
6 958
219 024
193 385
507 689
1 489
1 019
40 550
244 439
361 915
2 861
21 393
1 258
54
25 254
492
12 366
122 029
1 069
42
173 061
7 032
110 139
2 646 009
Imports of kaolin
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
258
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
226 682
1 465 754
28 748
24 009
20 662
47 525
3 902
1 147 687
263 449
647 278
192 860
905 784
20 623
14 486
13 228
37 738
1 588
708 210
200 203
585 675
194 396
1 001 057
23 784
10 238
14 125
37 007
881
941 387
231 779
715 770
187 831
890 863
25 789
11 278
18 733
37 755
211
936 544
220 764
705 107
171 310
868 298
29 038
8 655
17 045
53 815
8 568
860 241
223 649
625 826
Kaolin
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Greece
Hungary
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macedonia
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
62 415
29 089
18 766
810 560
11 173
607
10 951
12 259
352 122
253 361
126 426
114 041
48 422
65 704
95 911
25 682
1 470 440
468 491
39 932
402 812
79 546
49 509
25 094
3 155
505 593
7 476
159
6 316
4 879
68 072
190 562
90 183
73 081
40 326
32 091
58 509
20 776
757 859
408 564
33 555
301 086
77 504
31 132
24 175
4 039
823 461
10 594
486
904
4 985
150 929
225 576
117 914
96 851
51 754
50 421
62 748
27 287
1 061 732
367 948
24 249
424 152
95 865
14 336
29 736
3 414
707 622
9 289
360
563
3 815
150 310
149 002
143 476
106 955
56 871
38 810
70 451
28 779
1 055 122
389 358
21 460
497 148
102 396
7 454
23 099
3 377
681 595
10 768
480
736
1 440
149 090
176 164
138 026
103 863
60 170
25 922
64 345
22 614
856 355
359 345
21 551
479 665
88 505
Kaolin - EU35 trade in 2012
Belgium
Finland
Spain
Italy
Germany
Turkey
Sweden
France
Norway
Austria
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
United Kingdom
Slovakia
Romania
Denmark
Bulgaria
Serbia
Hungary
Slovenia
Switzerland
Czech Republic
Latvia
Croatia
Estonia
Greece
Ireland, Republic of
-3,000
Exports
Imports
-2,500
-2,000
-1,500
-1,000
-500
0
500
1,000
1,500
Thousand tonnes
259
Lead
Lead
•
Lead is a very soft, highly malleable, ductile metallic element with low electrical conductivity. It is also very dense and strongly
resistant to corrosion, although it tarnishes rapidly in air. The main use is in lead-acid batteries, although lead is also widely used in
architecture, plumbing, ordinance, solder, radiation shielding and insecticides.
•
China was the world’s largest producer of mined lead in 2012, with 54 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was
Australia (12 per cent), followed by USA (seven per cent), Peru (five per cent) and Mexico (four per cent).
•
China was also the world’s largest producer of refined lead in 2012, with 44 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was
USA (12 per cent), followed by India, South Korea and Germany (with four per cent each).
EU35 Mine production of lead 2012
Sweden 19.6%
Rest of World 93.9%
Turkey 17.6%
Poland 22.6%
EU35 6.1%
Bulgaria 4.9%
Greece 4.1%
Others 4.6%
Macedonia 12.1%
Ireland 14.6%
Mine production of lead
tonnes (metal content)
Country
Bulgaria (a)
Greece
Ireland, Republic of
Macedonia
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Serbia
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
EU35 Total
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
14 577
14 000
50 200
49 877
67 070
—
—
1 600
—
63 489
31 800
* 300
12 981
10 000
49 500
46 788
62 910
—
* 3 000
1 800
1 000
69 293
21 600
243
12 705
12 200
39 100
41 293
48 050
—
* 3 000
1 800
229
67 697
38 500
251
14 369
13 400
50 700
37 295
40 492
—
* 3 000
2 100
5 705
62 028
39 500
280
15 949
13 300
47 400
39 184
73 231
87
* 5 500
2 500
6 800
63 551
* 57 017
61
292 900
279 100
264 800
268 900
324 600
Note(s)
(a) Metal content of ore
EU35 Mine production of lead 2008 - 12
350
Thousand tonnes
(metal content)
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
2008
260
2009
2010
2011
2012
Lead
EU35 Production of refined lead 2012
Poland 8.6%
Spain 9.7%
Others 8.9%
Sweden 3.7%
Rest of World 84.4%
Italy 8.4%
United Kingdom 19.0%
EU35 15.6%
Germany 25.8%
Belgium 7.2%
Bulgaria 4.0%
France 4.6%
Production of refined lead
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
EU35 Total
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
26 900
104 000
90 900
36 000
10 000
82 100
415 100
* 11 000
20 000
199 900
* 16 000
108 300
5 000
39 596
15 000
145 000
56 812
* 8 000
* 6 000
283 000
22 200
109 000
83 100
29 000
10 000
62 000
390 600
* 11 000
19 000
149 000
* 21 000
100 400
4 000
8 687
14 000
138 000
51 574
800
* 6 000
301 865
25 500
121 000
80 600
30 000
10 000
71 000
405 400
* 11 000
19 000
150 000
* 20 000
120 300
4 000
11 263
14 000
165 000
59 179
—
* 6 000
297 453
26 200
119 000
71 000
34 000
10 000
80 000
429 100
* 11 000
18 000
146 500
* 21 000
135 500
4 000
6 854
15 000
177 000
52 438
—
8 230
274 055
24 504
119 000
66 000
30 000
8 000
75 000
423 000
* 6 000
16 000
138 400
* 22 000
141 000
5 000
* 13 000
12 000
160 000
61 528
—
* 10 000
311 930
1 679 000
1 531 000
1 621 000
1 639 000
1 642 000
Note(s)
(1) Figures relate to both primary and secondary refined lead and include the lead content of antimonial lead. Metal recovered from
materials by remelting alone is excluded
EU35 Production of refined lead 2008 - 12
1 800
Thousand tonnes
1 600
1 400
1 200
1 000
800
600
400
200
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
261
Lead
Exports of lead
Country
Austria
Unwrought
Scrap
Belgium
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Bulgaria
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Croatia
Scrap
Czech Republic
Unwrought
Scrap
Denmark
Scrap
Estonia
Unwrought
France
Unwrought
Scrap
Germany
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Greece
Unwrought
Scrap
Hungary
Scrap
Ireland, Republic of
Ores and concentrates
Scrap
Italy
Unwrought
Scrap
Latvia
Scrap
Lithuania
Scrap
Macedonia
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Netherlands
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Norway
Scrap
Poland
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Portugal
Unwrought
Scrap
Romania
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Serbia
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
262
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
13 844
600
12 512
2 173
16 427
871
15 619
729
13 329
983
114 105
95 878
18 336
148 562
108 442
21 962
101 160
145 571
21 479
167 055
130 655
18 945
136 787
127 052
18 051
9 555
80 972
4 188
77 713
4 611
78 977
9 331
68 472
2 120
64 354
1 872
1 025
1 697
1 842
1 906
18 713
8 136
23 617
4 832
32 743
1 914
27 649
2 357
23 614
1 157
1 159
4 057
3 485
4 118
4 167
10 473
8 861
10 624
11 513
11 042
17 630
15 888
14 554
20 815
36 293
37 654
40 470
20 392
53 971
15 936
—
177 129
13 133
1 000
204 075
13 100
4 296
203 077
9 892
19 697
196 443
12 932
60 356
178 589
7 982
5 792
1 390
2 360
913
5 209
1 945
3 068
735
11 313
1 516
4 052
4 001
1 898
2 428
1 615
91 728
49
109 877
114
62 729
638
64 470
4 144
80 910
42 384
34 904
6 897
23 006
7 594
7 821
9 776
15 455
10 173
8 646
14 804
164
1 352
3 243
3 086
2 687
9 730
4 210
5 941
5 335
6 603
...
184
2 209
60 702
1 271
226
55 482
801
226
48 959
421
219
49 055
685
218
55 980
7 725
12 278
74 725
11 061
13 807
63 921
12 971
35 168
94 100
16 989
30 486
46 688
14 432
21 665
695
504
1 800
1 444
1 944
69 852
40 017
1 110
59 790
48 599
1 525
35 459
43 945
1 668
30 132
59 599
1 010
60 549
62 941
1 392
4 950
3 105
6 647
2 222
8 785
1 710
8 050
1 855
5 124
1 363
17 396
22 752
2 997
15 759
9 049
2 526
9 096
10 573
5 659
5 952
18 722
6 846
11 051
18 859
5 419
11 763
5 683
9 133
6 695
10 265
5 661
13 981
7 848
13 479
5 777
Lead
Exports continued
Country
Slovenia
Unwrought
Spain
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Sweden
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Switzerland
Unwrought
Scrap
Turkey
Ores and concentrates (a)
Unwrought
United Kingdom
Unwrought
Unwrought, base bullion
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
6 960
6 891
8 090
6 008
5 391
1 015
14 771
6 616
14 147
13 434
3 862
9 513
6 630
6 781
24 608
15 683
5 029
50 216
37 882
3 361
61 439
53 715
816
72 220
46 795
1 044
111 153
55 501
1 445
73 996
54 370
1 471
68 646
51 796
1 425
7 387
3 236
1 765
4 748
230
5 497
19
5 732
23
5 301
52 988
832
35 973
361
64 247
400
65 917
802
93 590
2 522
79 520
...
57 466
47 660
126 743
0
54 505
56 055
105 235
21
62 406
69 404
144 877
822
4 820
74 789
169 739
1 993
6 050
57 990
Note(s)
(1) In this table the term 'unwrought' lead corresponds to item 7801 of the Harmonised System and comprises base bullion, pigs,
unwrought bars, etc.
(2) The term 'unwrought' as used here includes alloys unless these are separately specified
(a) Complex lead-zinc ore
Imports of lead
Country
Austria
Unwrought
Belgium
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Bulgaria
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Czech Republic
Unwrought
Scrap
Denmark
Unwrought
Scrap
Finland
Unwrought
France
Unwrought
Scrap
Germany
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Greece
Unwrought
Scrap
Hungary
Unwrought
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
27 475
21 580
19 391
31 675
29 938
97 474
30 413
25 873
192 496
18 121
34 085
169 356
14 467
31 992
154 976
27 696
33 219
139 771
77 349
26 023
119 522
15 529
5 830
63 185
10 182
12 145
81 307
7 283
17 462
74 810
21 566
4 627
72 008
21 064
1 660
59 318
4 672
65 896
4 150
81 762
2 901
36 233
2 763
60 258
2 560
192
1 984
107
2 583
128
2 890
172
1 989
182
2 655
3 195
2 346
1 512
2 446
3 821
103 535
22 490
42 187
13 579
34 090
12 848
39 305
15 182
38 918
14 265
212 602
118 779
28 231
234 102
103 642
40 547
184 018
157 301
39 653
205 464
157 653
35 823
228 444
148 576
28 058
6 875
2 800
10 644
1 753
11 149
1 692
16 980
2 136
17 028
2 183
2 711
2 663
6 138
9 497
11 372
263
Lead
Imports continued
Country
Ireland, Republic of
Unwrought
Scrap
Italy
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Lithuania
Scrap
Netherlands
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Norway
Unwrought
Poland
Unwrought
Scrap
Portugal
Unwrought
Scrap
Romania
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Serbia
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Slovenia
Unwrought
Scrap
Spain
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Sweden
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Switzerland
Unwrought
Turkey
Unwrought
United Kingdom
Unwrought, base bullion (a)
Unwrought, other
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
23 480
17 702
15 784
16 689
14 357
12 074
15 345
12 305
5 199
14 089
85 760
99 015
2 972
29 210
86 054
2 031
20
111 301
2 609
0
109 458
4 976
9 419
89 266
4 111
162
3 301
4 459
5 755
1 892
5 307
9 373
11 325
1 935
7 195
13 593
1 558
8 717
21 255
8 083
8 496
16 886
29 375
4 020
15 622
6 473
5 026
6 449
7 713
8 071
35 465
2 467
29 861
2 293
46 810
7 154
52 011
6 673
42 108
4 980
12 014
423
6 642
258
5 593
395
9 403
266
8 661
1 113
27 055
872
5 889
9 245
7 052
11 834
9 420
16 789
463
12 777
...
2 871
...
...
4 493
0
5 978
6 018
1 228
8 127
5 302
2 643
2 642
9 163
2 087
14 103
1 556
13 036
1 985
16 025
3 812
17 594
3 611
17 294
3 741
7 107
116 492
35 506
3 199
121 522
35 703
10 946
110 217
43 432
6 722
114 380
42 236
4 651
122 913
34 702
275
6 922
2 089
—
5 028
5 176
14 763
5 340
9 464
—
5 783
8 401
—
6 616
9 624
9 915
9 446
5 664
2 838
5 519
79 460
73 520
73 057
85 131
99 137
194 113
19 569
19 924
4 621
130 312
15 479
1 798
4 962
151 653
14 359
787
8 858
127 691
18 601
1 287
4 792
168 669
19 606
1 331
3 317
Note(s)
(1) In this table the term 'unwrought' lead corresponds to item 7801 of the Harmonised System and comprises base bullion, pigs,
unwrought bars, etc.
(2) The term 'unwrought' as used here includes alloys unless these are separately specified
(a) Includes a substantial precious metal content, mainly silver
264
Lead
Lead ore - EU35 trade in 2012
Germany
Belgium
Bulgaria
Netherlands
Italy
Exports
Spain
Serbia
Imports
Romania
Turkey
Sweden
Poland
Macedonia
Ireland, Republic of
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
Thousand tonnes
Lead - EU35 trade in 2012
United Kingdom
Germany
Spain
Turkey
Italy
Belgium
Czech Republic
Poland
France
Austria
Bulgaria
Slovenia
Exports
Greece
Romania
Hungary
Imports
Serbia
Portugal
Norway
Sweden
Switzerland
Ireland, Republic of
Netherlands
Finland
Metal
Denmark
Scrap
Estonia
Lithuania
Croatia
Macedonia
Latvia
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
Thousand tonnes
265
Lithium
Lithium minerals
•
Lithium is a very light metallic element. It is mainly used as lithium compounds in rechargeable batteries, as fluxes in the ceramics and
glass industries, and in lubricants. The metal is an important alloying agent with primary aluminium.
•
Lithium can either be produced from minerals, such as spodumene or lepidolite, or from brine extracted from beneath salt lakes.
Based on lithium content, Chile was the world’s largest producer in 2012, with an estimated 49 per cent of the total world output,
which was entirely from brine extraction. The second largest was Australia (30 per cent, entirely from minerals), followed by Argentina
(nine per cent, from brine), USA (five per cent, from brine) and China (four per cent, from both minerals and brine).
Production of lithium minerals
Country
Portugal
Lepidolite
Spain
Lepidolite
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
34 888
37 359
40 109
37 534
20 698
9 342
4 270
7 824
—
—
Exports of lithium
Country
Austria
Carbonate
Belgium
Oxides
Carbonate
France
Oxides
Germany
Carbonate
Italy
Carbonate
Netherlands
Oxides
Carbonate
Slovenia
Carbonate
Spain
Carbonate
Switzerland
Oxides
United Kingdom
Oxides
Carbonate
266
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
28
10
170
166
9
1 281
3 567
781
3 042
2 284
4 539
1 890
4 428
2 320
4 985
5
91
46
108
103
2 290
1 880
2 387
2 927
2 259
193
145
49
105
73
511
299
205
227
116
160
365
300
303
567
122
128
88
91
98
128
228
175
268
100
88
2 041
190
1
83
232
216
569
193
144
123
7
50
41
102
Lithium
Imports of lithium
Country
Austria
Carbonate
Belgium
Oxides
Carbonate
Denmark
Carbonate
France
Oxides
Carbonate
Germany
Oxides
Carbonate
Italy
Oxides
Carbonate
Netherlands
Oxides
Carbonate
Poland
Oxides
Carbonate
Slovenia
Oxides
Spain
Oxides
Carbonate
Sweden
Oxides
Carbonate
Switzerland
Oxides
Turkey
Oxides
Carbonate
United Kingdom
Oxides
Carbonate
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
333
327
402
463
359
1 851
4 414
1 179
3 410
2 410
4 183
2 953
7 770
2 515
7 205
311
402
340
358
80
256
1 251
362
1 172
570
1 137
479
2 792
547
1 756
5 420
7 098
(a)* 3 000
4 433
(a)* 1 800
6 486
(a)* 1 700
5 735
(a)* 1 300
6 064
246
1 519
96
1 185
175
1 123
148
1 369
143
1 052
537
729
228
316
290
431
494
527
201
462
61
162
86
137
86
175
114
177
141
177
186
139
95
125
190
501
3 908
521
2 825
1 007
3 239
698
3 423
763
2 638
146
278
149
191
214
87
243
69
213
159
143
110
118
141
98
257
617
208
613
268
770
261
865
236
1 006
466
536
914
622
218
427
215
376
119
344
Note(s)
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports into certain countries
267
Magnesite
Magnesite
•
Magnesite is the commonly used name for magnesium carbonate rock. Magnesite has excellent thermal resistance and is most
commonly used as refractory bricks in furnaces. It is also used in fertilisers.
•
China was the world’s largest producer in 2012, with 65 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Russia (11 per
cent), followed by Turkey (four per cent), Austria and Spain (with three per cent each).
EU35 Production of magnesite 2012
Spain 17.2%
Rest of World 84.6%
Slovakia 16.4%
Turkey 26.5%
EU35 15.4%
Poland 2.2%
Netherlands 7.7%
Greece 9.3%
Austria 20.6%
Production of magnesite
tonnes
Country
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Austria
Greece
Netherlands (a)
Poland
Slovakia
Spain
Turkey
837 476
361 165
316 264
60 000
806 500
442 339
2 143 047
544 716
380 834
183 256
47 000
477 600
390 311
861 180
757 063
396 497
236 053
63 000
650 100
462 959
1 541 860
867 912
393 880
274 877
75 350
751 700
577 725
* 1 000 000
778 810
349 998
290 873
84 000
618 400
649 977
* 1 000 000
EU35 Total
4 967 000
2 885 000
4 108 000
3 941 000
3 772 000
Note(s)
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Bulgaria is believed to produce magnesite
(a) Chloride produced from solution mining
EU35 Production of magnesite 2008 - 12
6 000
Thousand tonnes
5 000
4 000
3 000
2 000
1 000
0
2008
268
2009
2010
2011
2012
Magnesite and Magnesia
Exports of magnesite and magnesia
Country
Austria
Magnesite
Magnesia
Belgium
Magnesite
Magnesia
Bulgaria
Magnesite
Czech Republic
Denmark
Magnesite
Magnesia
France
Magnesite
Magnesia
Germany
Magnesite
Magnesia
Greece
Magnesite
Magnesia
Hungary
Magnesia
Ireland, Republic of
Magnesite
Magnesia
Italy
Magnesite
Magnesia
Lithuania
Magnesia
Luxembourg
Magnesite
Netherlands
Magnesite
Magnesia
Poland
Magnesite
Magnesia
Portugal
Magnesite
Magnesia
Romania
Magnesia
Serbia
Magnesite
Magnesia
Slovakia
Magnesite (a)
Magnesia
Slovenia
Magnesite
Magnesia
Spain
Magnesite
Magnesia
Sweden
Magnesia
Turkey
Magnesite
Magnesia
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
602
28 779
1 746
26 716
989
39 589
780
79 519
774
71 453
1 911
81 909
876
59 644
1 235
96 513
914
58 237
150
49 561
429
4 540
—
3 728
—
3 809
537
7 096
241
5 997
390
71
425
93
244
522
147
497
1
179
310
57 342
576
35 523
274
52 553
207
35 543
250
38 098
22
72 684
140
58 604
229
94 198
1 303
67 605
381
73 154
1
126 496
—
84 399
...
108 020
8 766
110 276
4 012
87 550
...
—
...
317
309
5 006
9 912
9 133
8 595
3 383
33 334
18 665
11 761
13 218
3 465
2 337
8 172
1 945
5 873
2 535
7 393
3 236
6 194
2 902
7 283
...
537
717
352
350
481
621
943
1 325
1 171
494
344 675
180
160 337
423
139 516
744
402 976
31
370 287
51
1 870
474
250
...
1 013
101
550
79
3 303
0
...
...
10
11
4
1
1
716
528
440
381
460
212
412
412
446
242
319
1 851
328
1 524
5 831
1 852
8 704
* 9 300
409 295
* 7 400
261 876
* 8 400
336 786
* 4 900
340 612
* 3 800
272 677
427
421
59
344
4 798
334
78
259
22
9 577
725
175 307
2 167
156 027
410
224 590
573
259 493
1 051
257 527
235
380
303
165
130
68 054
175 441
35 097
162 651
24 213
209 633
37 902
238 620
28 747
245 537
269
Magnesite and Magnesia
Exports continued
Country
United Kingdom
Magnesite
Magnesia
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
316
13 647
518
9 662
470
14 497
745
28 042
1 163
14 869
Note(s)
(1) The term 'magnesia', as used here, includes dead-burned, sintered and caustic-burned (caustic calcined) material
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Imports of magnesite and magnesia
Country
Austria
Magnesite
Magnesia
Belgium
Magnesite
Magnesia
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
Magnesite
Magnesia
Denmark
Magnesite
Magnesia
Finland
Magnesite
Magnesia
France
Magnesite
Magnesia
Germany
Magnesite
Magnesia
Greece
Magnesite
Magnesia
Hungary
Magnesite
Magnesia
Ireland, Republic of
Magnesite
Magnesia
Italy
Magnesite
Magnesia
Latvia
Magnesia
Lithuania
Magnesia
Luxembourg
Macedonia
Netherlands
Magnesite
Magnesia
Norway
Magnesia
Poland
Magnesite
Magnesia
270
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2 319
248 037
937
21 708
848
272 232
1 512
214 788
1 069
180 117
2 357
141 185
6 296
1 682
1 412
104 577
3 180
1 289
3 820
80 845
5 678
1 208
2 076
70 954
11 378
1 061
643
58 355
6 204
710
4 193
54 246
3 460
38 048
7 108
38 862
4 578
40 975
5 270
43 235
456
4 149
2 680
5 472
2 728
4 636
2 299
4 927
1 784
5 219
145
8 692
224
6 439
118
7 387
576
9 214
568
8 959
2 378
164 235
1 209
117 821
784
126 821
1 087
127 469
4 013
115 590
8 420
562 618
6 731
276 674
12 751
473 545
5 625
515 139
5 285
496 202
44 397
7 328
19 803
1 729
3 603
2 198
14 704
7 506
14 475
1 442
1 751
7 892
1 081
1 563
1 331
6 783
1 499
4 369
1 124
4 739
4 385
42 999
4 191
22 523
5 535
39 638
6 333
49 122
1 731
48 779
18 347
150 098
9 375
93 262
21 454
143 725
27 347
133 451
13 774
120 185
5 355
2 827
5 524
2 735
12 507
5 196
1 663
13 956
855
2 202
10 113
1 245
2 612
11 266
593
2 375
9 418
1 159
3 805
5 547
3 609
314 860
3 259
80 478
459
345 154
3 115
458 372
195
340 922
5 989
4 904
10 987
8 714
9 795
216
109 646
2 658
81 304
3 966
113 757
1 375
137 148
1 948
116 632
Magnesite and Magnesia
Imports continued
tonnes
Country
Portugal
Magnesite
Magnesia
Romania
Magnesia
Serbia
Magnesia
Slovakia
Magnesite
Magnesia
Slovenia
Spain
Magnesite
Magnesia
Sweden
Magnesia
Switzerland
Magnesite
Magnesia
Turkey
Magnesia
United Kingdom
Magnesite
Magnesia
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
1 521
5 863
697
8 538
1 162
4 504
1 379
5 523
1 249
7 130
13 003
7 427
10 389
13 391
11 402
840
585
570
547
623
3 401
40 675
8 272
2 906
12 731
4 346
3 916
28 639
7 279
4 960
27 100
64 675
(a)* 2 000
23 363
109 365
2 839
143 849
10 029
42 980
3 926
94 840
6 164
97 566
2 695
82 320
14 701
15 832
12 004
20 425
19 081
69
7 772
502
4 762
362
4 625
793
4 917
521
5 734
61 519
40 595
60 121
58 556
50 199
7 016
59 300
3 567
43 873
8 640
49 076
7 903
52 263
5 059
70 330
Note(s)
(1) The term 'magnesia', as used here, includes dead-burned, sintered and caustic-burned (caustic calcined) material
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
Magnesite and magnesia - EU35 trade in 2012
Germany
Netherlands
Austria
Italy
France
Poland
Slovenia
Spain
United Kingdom
Belgium
Ireland, Republic of
Turkey
Czech Republic
Slovakia
Sweden
Greece
Latvia
Romania
Norway
Finland
Portugal
Denmark
Switzerland
Bulgaria
Hungary
Macedonia
Serbia
-400
Imports
Exports
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Thousand tonnes
271
Manganese
Manganese ore
•
Manganese is a hard, brittle metal. The chief ores are pyrolusite and other manganese dioxides. The principal use is in the steel
industry as a desulphuriser and an alloying agent, where it imparts hardness and wear resistance. Manganese is also an important
constituent of many aluminium alloys. Manganese dioxide is a component of dry-cell batteries; other compounds are used in the
chemical industry. Manganese ore, ferro-manganese, electrolytic manganese dioxide and manganese metal are the chief forms in
international trade.
•
China was the world’s largest producer of manganese ore in 2012, with an estimated 31 per cent of the total world output. The second
largest was South Africa (19 per cent), followed by Australia (15 per cent), Gabon (seven per cent) and Kazakhstan (six per cent).
Production of manganese ore
Country
Bulgaria
Hungary
Romania
EU35 Total
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
39 100
49 579
43 590
28 300
43 000
20 304
106 000
55 000
13 120
85 600
58 000
3 180
39 100
* 51 000
8 993
132 000
92 000
174 000
147 000
99 000
EU35 Production of manganese ore 2008 - 12
200 000
180 000
160 000
140 000
Tonnes
120 000
100 000
80 000
60 000
40 000
20 000
0
2008
272
2009
2010
2011
2012
Manganese
Exports of manganese
Country
Belgium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Bulgaria
Ores and concentrates
Czech Republic
Ores and concentrates
Estonia
Metal
Finland
Metal
France
Ores and concentrates (a)
Metal
Germany
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Italy
Metal
Netherlands
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Norway
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Poland
Metal
Romania
Metal
Spain
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Turkey
Ores and concentrates
Metal
United Kingdom
Ores and concentrates
Metal (b)
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
8 578
1 947
5 192
714
4 444
1 185
9 982
1 625
4 236
1 447
17 369
29 715
163 257
91 110
76 140
101
—
—
50
383
226
137
5
25
10
98
341
32
25
2
321 638
488
138 787
631
152 425
717
125 827
805
118 915
1 081
3 321
12 921
3 710
6 727
4 480
8 243
5 035
8 907
4 387
13 598
494
326
716
963
897
19 103
19 144
28 701
15 642
21 806
38 159
29 097
44 310
27 154
29 855
10 266
1 363
9 214
59
10 709
112
2 600
462
39 355
95
35
603
2 875
41
97
6 666
—
—
—
102
518
4 562
21 456
3 386
707
1 297
623
1 735
621
4 665
81 280
401
59 183
81
51 731
4 952
100 172
12
118 953
3 535
244
* 3 200
65
* 2 200
97
* 2 000
129
* 2 100
101
*1 600
Note(s)
(1) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under Iron, Steel and Ferro-alloys
(a) Including manganiferous iron ore
(b) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Imports of manganese
Country
Austria
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Belgium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Czech Republic
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Denmark
Ores and concentrates
Estonia
Metal
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
215
14 275
184
11 512
152
16 696
334
21 123
222
21 692
83 909
4 423
61 980
3 076
49 731
4 377
49 393
5 466
50 509
4 636
15 715
2 542
16 063
2 219
25 758
984
28 810
907
335
521
698
1 158
257
1 051
352
478
168
576
85
—
273
Manganese
Imports continued
Country
Finland
Ores and concentrates
Metal
France
Ores and concentrates (a)
Metal
Germany
Ores and concentrates (a)
Metal
Greece
Ores and concentrates
Hungary
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Ireland, Republic of
Ores and concentrates (a)
Italy
Ores and concentrates (a)
Metal
Macedonia
Ores and concentrates
Netherlands
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Norway
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Poland
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Portugal
Ores and concentrates
Romania
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Serbia
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Slovakia
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Slovenia
Metal
Spain
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Sweden
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Switzerland
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Turkey
Ores and concentrates
Metal
United Kingdom
Ores and concentrates (a)
Metal
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
24 926
2 649
12 224
912
21 961
2 134
3 792
2 123
329
2 144
876 961
19 115
193 684
8 905
721 272
17 586
647 182
21 186
562 298
9 231
14 916
47 581
14 645
33 989
17 346
43 346
19 137
40 705
18 532
35 671
51 425
31 776
22 888
51 374
26 294
293
1 185
220
280
198
336
159
461
142
500
75
65
54
9 565
31
114 289
5 839
77 075
3 709
55 284
5 788
81 629
5 759
107 907
5 804
170 455
...
56 893
110 589
42 109
10 664
35 573
9 398
19 083
23 045
50 866
33 555
35 618
66 281
40 131
1 232 799
2 595
525 674
1 297
1 121 716
1 974
1 085 383
2 697
1 072 991
1 636
54 087
716
1 930
507
4 345
1 514
4 509
436
4 951
764
765
13
68
56
168
16 432
646
16
527
87 880
220
66 285
588
244
415
12 981
233
16 833
180
17 003
324
14 366
317
4 229
254
211 653
350
74 712
395
146 434
442
130 519
659
144 936
228
438
264
433
420
483
640 677
10 033
54 606
3 994
407 450
7 510
508 794
10 951
413 613
6 470
388
3 287
854
1 880
522
3 815
438
5 241
412
3 438
472
472
340
282
214
556
333
509
357
490
2 531
874
540
583
694
980
1 295
1 202
534
863
4 133
8 773
941
4 123
1 517
6 619
1 656
5 444
1 597
3 721
Note(s)
(1) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under Iron, Steel and Ferro-alloys
(a) Including manganiferous iron ore
274
Manganese
Manganese ores and concentrates - EU35 trade in 2012
Norway
France
Spain
Slovakia
Exports
Italy
Netherlands
Belgium
Macedonia
Greece
Germany
Poland
Imports
Serbia
Turkey
Bulgaria
-200
0
Thousand tonnes
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
275
Mercury
Mercury
•
Mercury is the only metallic element that is liquid at room temperature. The chief economic sources are deposits of the mineral
cinnabar but mercury is also recovered from base metal refining. Mercury’s main uses are in electrical switches and other control
apparatus, and in dental amalgam. Large amounts remain in use in chlor-alkali plants and in batteries but these applications are being
phased out.
•
Only nine countries commercially extracted mercury in 2012. China was the world’s largest producer, with 71 per cent of the total
world output. The second largest was Mexico (14 per cent), followed by Kyrgyzstan (four per cent), Russia and Chile (three per cent
each).
Production of mercury
kilograms
Country
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Finland
33 120
6 210
9 000
5 000
—
Note(s)
(1) Several countries are believed to have unrecorded production of mercury from copper electrowinning processes and by recovery from
effluents
EU35 Production of mercury 2008 - 12
35 000
30 000
Kilograms
25 000
20 000
15 000
10 000
5 000
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Exports of mercury
Country
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Hungary
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
kilograms
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
200
110 800
6 300
35 000
1 700
111 100
...
84 247
192 605
17 700
300
639 203
500
11 592
22 885
6 369
2 000
1 400
6 400
6 211
718
120 587
...
89 228
419 480
46 200
—
376 885
2 100
25 372
89
178 571
(a)* 3 300
11 500
1 100
9 321
1 595
110 405
6 400
202 273
195 272
106 100
200
964 922
95 600
8 529
2 156
9 321
(a)* 1 600
600
1 700
4 830
49 992
197 989
10 700
68 623
72 020
7 300
6 700
824 421
...
53 581
10 890
5 368
(a)* 500
8 700
193
—
2 233
102 650
6 500
12 706
67 263
—
25 600
950 824
1 000
164 517
4 392
2 991
Note(s)
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
276
Mercury
Imports of mercury
kilograms
Country
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
587
133 100
3 700
209
105 300
19 700
2 628
4 293
979
21 754
293 481
13 300
7 500
2 325
5 200
337 117
13 800
3 557
3 069
2 387
360
15 700
4 400
2 136
222 224
28 678
668
4 800
1 182
19 992
* 101 000
10 900
25 100
415
4 500
467 614
21 300
801
1 635
1 121
383
57 200
2 400
2 203
19 073
104 241
211
5 000
8 582
10 510
30 636
4 300
152 900
18 149
4 700
335 852
2 700
1 370
719
22 065
200
12 500
4 400
4 069
1 406
134 666
1 200
8 400
24
15 246
213 259
39 900
125 400
19 500
27 700
54 748
2 400
471
9 772
425
294
505
2 600
36
252
52 469
7 500
6 100
81
4 247
154 983
13 700
59
4 200
10 000
54 994
1 400
5 096
3 143
21 138
Mercury - EU35 trade in 2012
Netherlands
Spain
Germany
United Kingdom
Exports
Poland
Slovakia
Greece
Hungary
Switzerland
Italy
Romania
Turkey
Imports
Czech Republic
Belgium
France
Portugal
-1,000
-900
-800
-700
-600
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
Tonnes
277
Mica
Mica
•
Micas are a group of chemically complex rock-forming minerals recognisable by a perfect cleavage (i.e. they are naturally flaky).
Sheet mica is used predominantly in electrical insulation and ground mica has a very wide variety of uses including filler, dusting
agent, absorbent, fire insulator, strength enhancer in plastics and as a decorative material.
•
China was the world’s largest producer in 2012, with an estimated 47 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was USA
(14 per cent), followed by South Korea (eight per cent), France (six per cent) and Canada (five per cent).
EU35 Production of mica 2012
Spain 9.2%
France 47.2%
Rest of World 88.0%
EU35 12.0%
Turkey 11.8%
Finland 31.8%
Production of mica
tonnes
Country
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Finland
France (a)
Spain (a)
Turkey
10 706
* 20 000
4 254
8 392
7 855
* 18 000
3 655
4 172
13 809
* 19 000
4 034
* 4 500
12 896
* 19 000
3 775
* 4 500
12 112
* 18 000
3 515
* 4 500
EU35 Total
43 000
34 000
41 000
40 000
38 000
Note(s)
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Romania is believed to produce mica
(a) Including mica recovered from mica schists and/or kaolin beneficiation
EU35 Production of mica 2008 - 12
50 000
45 000
40 000
Tonnes
35 000
30 000
25 000
20 000
15 000
10 000
5 000
0
2008
278
2009
2010
2011
2012
Mica
Exports of mica
Country
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Spain
Unmanufactured
Ground
Turkey
United Kingdom
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
4 274
2 127
49
7 138
13 923
4 713
3 211
1 341
2 640
3 328
1 562
59
6 125
10 819
2 888
857
3 214
1 835
4 303
1 590
96
11 377
12 455
4 197
697
1 687
2 078
4 245
2 363
163
8 636
12 821
4 479
1 014
2 396
2 144
4 024
3 587
212
9 242
11 771
4 474
1 138
1 986
2 093
1 259
1 368
840
4 749
563
1 521
570
3 944
1 339
2 269
601
4 137
1 823
2 193
1 039
4 238
1 826
1 993
1 054
3 639
Note(s)
(1) This table shows unmanufactured mica and includes sheet, block, splittings, ground and waste, unless these are separately specified.
Mica powder is included under the term 'ground'
Imports of mica
Country
Austria
Belgium
Unmanufactured
Ground
Waste
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Unmanufactured
Ground
Germany
Unmanufactured
Ground
Waste
Greece
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Unmanufactured
Ground
Netherlands
Unmanufactured
Ground
Norway
Unmanufactured
Ground
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
Unmanufactured
Ground
Waste
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
857
492
874
656
625
2 155
5 409
2 067
1 958
276
4 383
3 454
3 507
45
981
242
1 988
2 636
4 086
8
2 513
237
3 647
2 395
4 722
120
740
150
3 351
4 331
3 314
1 212
915
148
2 267
1 144
2 031
370
1 844
255
1 861
848
2 149
488
1 828
386
33 175
966
218
291
221
25 682
316
317
43
1 330
29 716
428
169
77
10 527
26 405
20
175
24
8 934
24 116
—
155
32
106
3 980
417
2 597
136
3 854
209
3 849
205
3 489
751
2 618
523
3 490
191
21 756
419
20 744
418
4 632
1 174
1 243
880
125
488
952
755
1 088
385
1 021
1 140
1 134
139
441
1 467
721
669
477
1 224
1 179
1 150
284
785
1 183
673
1 226
317
1 573
294
2 019
288
1 077
1 534
545
866
508
1 964
285
1 504
258
810
1 017
419
893
285
377
7 061
2 030
328
6 396
49
43
7 341
902
243
7 926
0
407
9 203
—
Note(s)
(1) This table shows unmanufactured mica and includes sheet, block, splittings, ground and waste, unless these are separately specified.
Mica powder is included under the term 'ground'
279
Molybdenum
Molybdenum
•
Molybdenum is a hard metal. It is an important component of high tensile steel where it imparts hardness, tolerance of high
temperatures and resistance to corrosion. Molybdenum disulphide is used as a dry lubricant.
•
Molybdenum is generally produced as a by-product of copper mining. Production in 2012 was confined to only 12 countries, of which
China was the world’s largest producer, with 42 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was USA (23 per cent), followed
by Chile (14 per cent), Peru (seven per cent) and Mexico (four per cent).
Exports of molybdenum
Country
Austria
Metal (a)
Belgium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxides
Bulgaria
Metal
France
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Germany
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Italy
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxides
Netherlands
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxides
Spain
Metal
United Kingdom
Ores and concentrates
Metal
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
* 3 000
* 1 800
* 2 300
* 2 800
* 2 500
11 314
243
379
15 581
105
91
24 396
371
83
25 337
128
366
19 444
204
688
123
132
122
355
133
55
118
75
34
205
47
352
36
81
317
3 575
2 857
2 502
725
5 017
763
3 955
1 248
3 738
1 395
159
873
604
205
488
982
1 523
911
443
2 299
443
286
3 153
409
22
16 284
282
4 253
4 408
46
1 805
17 126
249
6 429
19 765
492
6 434
24 083
128
6 407
18
68
243
14
69
64
241
35
433
305
572
3
403
64
375
Note(s)
(1) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under iron, steel and ferro-alloys
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
280
Molybdenum
Imports of molybdenum
Country
Austria
Metal
Belgium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxides
Bulgaria
Metal
Czech Republic
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Denmark
Oxides
Finland
Ores and concentrates
France
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxides
Germany
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxides
Greece
Metal
Hungary
Metal
Italy
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxides
Lithuania
Metal
Netherlands
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxides
Poland
Metal
Oxides
Romania
Ores and concentrates
Slovakia
Metal
Slovenia
Ores and concentrates
Spain
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Sweden
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxides
Turkey
Ores and concentrates
Metal
United Kingdom
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxides
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
1 502
430
548
951
440
37 964
358
2 075
37 101
344
968
46 899
142
694
42 498
235
1 204
39 523
304
1 659
15
47
10
193
9
284
560
1 040
127
184
82
118
104
79
57
361
388
418
253
345
3 498
40
—
...
—
1 933
1 094
1 191
769
541
1 018
1 209
888
1 095
1 764
1 098
1 465
1 575
942
1 365
9 645
4 132
1 905
6 953
1 726
1 661
9 134
3 038
2 890
9 500
3 761
2 699
7 158
4 016
2 385
60
58
45
50
49
102
69
70
60
51
6 220
254
125
6 703
171
176
9 108
136
276
5 248
219
199
4 794
192
187
6
7
65
37
45
36 305
572
859
9 555
84
230
35 335
274
594
40 562
261
865
39 782
236
596
843
71
281
80
889
162
1 292
198
72
237
...
...
...
...
1 516
24
106
1
2
2
690
292
561
523
473
3 787
189
1 724
236
2 585
239
3 572
83
3 041
78
4 645
442
711
2 514
470
219
5 487
644
414
5 893
360
357
6 110
356
496
3
89
291
16
46
28
12
34
14
35
15 130
2 102
1 433
9 007
707
510
12 581
1 099
1 638
15 844
1 415
2 316
16 041
1 487
1 971
Note(s)
(1) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under iron, steel and ferro-alloys
281
Nickel
Nickel
•
Nickel is a hard, strong, corrosion-resistant, malleable and ductile metal that is a good conductor of heat and electricity. Its most
important use is in steel alloys where it imparts strength and toughness. It is also widely used in plating, both metals and plastics, and
combined with copper in cupro-nickel alloys.
•
The Philippines was the world’s largest producer of mined nickel in 2012, with 17 per cent of the total world output. The second largest
was Russia (14 per cent), followed by Indonesia and Australia (13 per cent each) and Canada (11 per cent).
•
China was the world’s largest producer of refined nickel in 2012, with 29 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was
Russia (14 per cent), followed by Japan (ten per cent), Canada (eight per cent) and Australia (seven per cent).
EU35 Mine production of nickel 2012
Macedonia 29.0%
Norway 0.5%
Rest of World 96.5%
Spain 3.6%
Turkey 4.8%
EU35 3.5%
Greece 32.6%
Finland 29.5%
Mine production of nickel
tonnes (metal content)
Country
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Finland
Greece
Macedonia
Norway
Spain
Turkey
6 200
18 600
15 000
377
8 136
* 1 500
1 600
9 600
12 000
336
8 029
1 199
12 100
16 100
14 200
348
6 296
* 1 900
18 800
21 700
25 600
339
—
* 4 300
19 568
21 600
19 200
351
2 398
* 3 200
EU35 Total
49 800
32 800
50 900
70 700
66 300
EU35 Mine production of nickel 2008 - 12
80 000
Tonnes (metal content)
70 000
60 000
50 000
40 000
30 000
20 000
10 000
0
2008
282
2009
2010
2011
2012
Nickel
EU35 Smelter/refinery production of nickel 2012
Norway 40.7%
Rest of World 87.2%
United Kingdom 15.2%
EU35 12.8%
Macedonia 8.5%
Austria 0.4%
Greece 8.2%
Finland 20.5%
France 6.4%
Smelter/refinery production of nickel
Country
Austria
Finland
France
Greece
Macedonia
Norway
United Kingdom
EU35 Total
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
500
51 963
13 700
16 640
15 000
88 700
40 800
700
41 556
13 900
8 269
12 000
88 577
17 800
1 000
49 772
14 400
13 960
14 400
92 185
31 600
1 000
49 823
13 700
18 530
17 292
92 000
37 400
1 000
46 275
14 500
18 630
19 200
92 000
34 300
227 300
182 800
217 300
229 700
225 900
Note(s)
(1) Data relate to refined nickel plus the nickel content of ferro-nickel, nickel oxide and nickel salts
EU35 Smelter/refinery production of nickel 2008 - 12
250 000
Tonnes
200 000
150 000
100 000
50 000
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
283
Nickel
Exports of nickel
Country
Austria
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Belgium
Ores and concentrates
Mattes, sinters etc
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Oxides
Scrap
Bulgaria
Scrap
Czech Republic
Unwrought (a)
Oxides
Scrap
Denmark
Scrap
Estonia
Unwrought
Scrap
Finland
Ores and concentrates
Mattes, sinters etc
Unwrought
Oxides (b)
Scrap
France
Mattes, sinters etc
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Germany
Ores and concentrates
Mattes, sinters etc
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Greece
Ores and concentrates
Hungary
Scrap
Ireland, Republic of
Scrap
Italy
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Latvia
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Macedonia
Ores and concentrates
Netherlands
Mattes, sinters etc (b)
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Norway
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Poland
Mattes, sinters etc
Unwrought (a)
Oxides
Scrap
284
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
225
1 910
265
1 775
208
1 606
234
2 709
351
2 633
2 750
115
13 298
2 152
1 196
2 872
1 212
921
11 883
2 479
834
6 883
724
697
9 271
1 357
221
3 443
1 161
2 380
9 684
1 838
910
7 430
—
3 328
11 517
3 838
498
2 407
48
364
1 220
2
...
758
643
601
228
275
2 420
126
341
4 558
272
338
3 427
725
380
6 851
642
1 063
1 765
1 244
590
(a) 2
1 680
(a) —
89
(a) 2
0
2
536
539
144
14 069
...
40 108
* 500
27
—
...
37 202
* 200
1 511
8 946
...
(a) 31 275
* 500
323
23 411
7 732
(a) 39 472
* 200
33
55 260
13 387
36 364
* 200
39
178
10 754
2 475
7 558
68
12 095
1 377
11 435
315
9 376
1 307
30 601
1 306
10 997
1 875
11 685
1 384
11 477
1 818
12 683
316
20 202
5 200
8 988
5 646
1 619
8 687
2 617
3 083
8 227
2 673
13 981
3 751
1 866
9 563
299
15 998
4 184
4 423
8 600
778
19 412
4 808
5 036
7 727
231
144 529
20 284
120
86
81
203
170
126
126
236
220
557
269
208
972
658
1 293
541
2 408
3 537
2 097
627
2 182
1 260
2
199
165
3 301
112
3 108
116
2 284
2
150
...
0
60 181
25 579
16 219
* 2 400
117
4 614
* 2 900
105
1 711
* 1 800
165
1 956
* 2 400
49 681
1 793
* 1 400
46 929
1 405
8 093
88 940
394
2 464
88 080
274
4 818
91 813
1 042
7 598
92 705
582
7 969
91 591
499
...
334
759
647
1 443
172
260
260
1 134
1 876
38
416
—
252
29
749
—
917
5
709
Nickel
Exports continued
Country
Romania
Scrap
Slovakia
Unwrought
Scrap
Slovenia
Unwrought (a)
Spain
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Sweden
Unwrought (a)
Oxides
Scrap
Switzerland
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Turkey
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
United Kingdom
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
1 397
1 089
816
561
66
259
1 061
201
140
68
295
84
1 368
—
217
268
117
1 544
520
692
127 812
600
226
102 105
573
875
93 536
738
366
26 597
400
376
20 632
430
454
288
511
1 513
522
363
1 376
497
534
1 022
599
516
1 137
1 690
429
13 853
94
1 603
53
1 519
173
1 090
130
909
62
1 214
130 179
232
734
99 700
141
470
172 682
292
519
378 350
96
841
302 100
204
783
26 235
4 378
18 229
15 834
4 753
12 693
18 639
4 530
19 361
28 994
6 025
17 405
30 322
6 711
33 614
Note(s)
(1) In this table the term 'unwrought' nickel corresponds to item 7502 of the Harmonised System which excludes all electro-plating anodes
(2) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under iron, steel and ferro-alloys
(a) Including alloys
(b) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Imports of nickel
Country
Austria
Unwrought (a)
Oxides
Scrap
Belgium
Mattes, sinters etc
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Oxides
Scrap
Bulgaria
Unwrought (a)
Czech Republic
Unwrought (a)
Oxides
Scrap
Denmark
Scrap
Finland
Ores and concentrates
Mattes, sinters etc
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
10 511
82
1 164
4 142
11
367
6 894
15
440
9 231
8
527
8 830
247
1 917
1 250
29 492
723
618
566
499
12 037
1 915
565
288
330
15 052
469
700
918
598
19 170
574
1 033
1 553
1 541
19 032
3 035
576
1 907
204
90
125
201
172
3 728
838
473
2 179
319
1 468
2 223
393
1 257
3 750
399
178
2 799
307
1 311
100
122
382
234
227
290 914
33 247
18 187
14
481
185 202
22 715
9 192
792
149
217 164
33 986
14 558
17 649
17
276 892
35 284
9 946
2 688
40
276 587
30 443
—
—
8
285
Nickel
Imports continued
Country
France
Ores and concentrates
Mattes, sinters etc
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Oxides
Scrap
Germany
Ores and concentrates
Mattes, sinters etc
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Oxides
Scrap
Hungary
Unwrought (a)
Ireland, Republic of
Unwrought (a)
Italy
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Latvia
Unwrought
Macedonia
Ores and concentrates
Netherlands
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Oxides (b)
Scrap
Norway
Mattes, sinters etc
Unwrought
Poland
Mattes, sinters etc
Unwrought (a)
Oxides
Scrap
Portugal
Unwrought
Romania
Unwrought (a)
Serbia
Unwrought
Slovakia
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Slovenia
Unwrought (a)
Spain
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Oxides
Scrap
Sweden
Mattes, sinters etc
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Switzerland
Unwrought (a)
Turkey
Unwrought (a)
286
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
413
18 952
23 368
9 386
560
2 166
1 783
20 015
10 909
5 364
310
1 265
265
19 921
13 964
5 029
524
2 164
37
19 954
21 693
7 345
412
2 988
290
19 395
24 002
5 466
114
2 713
1 310
797
68 767
6 102
617
18 316
1 087
561
42 201
3 839
463
8 259
1 667
849
69 282
8 023
621
8 584
1 184
2 048
68 023
11 778
476
11 924
8 185
1 869
73 360
23 191
608
14 191
69
219
346
35
47
1 118
626
1 503
1 748
568
42 339
2 164
892
25 833
2 841
763
39 586
1 171
1 063
38 075
1 314
656
33 635
2 626
899
3
1
...
...
(a) 584
789 929
985 925
1 210 300
1 393 490
1 518 156
11
...
1 227
* 30
12 647
* 220
...
227
* 70
4 666
5 940
...
638
* 50
21 724
9 544
230 179
3 548
* 70
4 607
744
32 005
982
* 150
2 584
178 502
(a) 201
153 437
(a) 199
170 365
(a) 235
199 173
(a) 246
190 275
250
...
3 398
44
3 683
1 468
1 353
34
2 122
1 223
3 350
38
341
7
2 722
28
603
—
3 189
263
325
524
316
312
221
285
338
288
456
224
190
174
116
143
107
118
190
11
120
—
112
52
617
312
103
35
2 686
2 020
2 967
3 230
4 304
22 668
1 547
151
120
12 290
821
50
236
16 468
1 125
329
151
17 567
966
323
806
20 230
1 368
131
554
1 490
25 474
1 317
12 215
1 607
16 544
661
8 709
1 239
23 375
397
10 491
1 723
23 191
216
10 332
1 008
17 878
542
8 801
2 054
1 202
1 370
1 199
1 320
4 038
2 711
3 391
4 047
4 012
Nickel
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
United Kingdom
Ores and concentrates
Mattes, sinters etc
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
241
63 553
16 888
3 210
10 291
150
25 929
8 003
3 596
9 593
16
50 263
14 200
3 310
8 154
1
58 519
12 707
4 644
6 741
—
57 108
11 521
4 771
9 237
Note(s)
(1) In this table the term 'unwrought' nickel corresponds to item 7502 of the Harmonised System which excludes all electro-plating anodes
(2) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under iron, steel and ferro-alloys
(a) Including alloys
(b) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
Nickel - EU35 trade in 2012
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
France
Belgium
Exports
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Imports
Austria
Slovenia
Turkey
Poland
Czech Republic
Metal
Switzerland
Ores, mattes and sinters etc
Latvia
Norway
Finland
Estonia
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
Thousand tonnes
287
Petroleum and Natural Gas
Crude petroleum
•
Petroleum (‘oil’) is a fundamental energy resource and raw material for lubricants, olefins, polymers (plastics) and other synthetic
materials.
•
Saudi Arabia was the world’s largest producer in 2012, with 14 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Russia
(13 per cent), followed by USA (eight per cent), China (five per cent) and Iran (four per cent).
EU35 Production of crude petroleum 2012
Others 8.0%
Romania 2.3%
United Kingdom 26.2%
Rest of World 95.7%
EU35 4.3%
Denmark 5.8%
Italy 3.1%
Norway 54.5%
Production of crude petroleum
Country
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Austria
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia (a)
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Lithuania
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
861 639
23 000
867 027
236 000
14 338 000
1 869 500
975 000
3 053 998
66 000
811 000
5 219 751
127 658
2 163 000
121 611 000
754 907
4 528 000
636 383
21 000
174
127 542
2 222 594
66 745 000
905 031
23 800
807 424
217 000
13 045 000
1 733 000
971 000
2 800 063
87 000
796 000
4 550 816
114 956
1 704 000
115 612 000
686 992
4 388 940
663 005
19 000
138
106 817
2 489 914
64 001 000
875 969
22 400
748 791
173 000
12 090 000
2 080 000
903 000
2 511 174
86 000
735 900
5 080 498
114 464
1 414 000
105 146 000
686 487
4 172 411
865 499
16 000
233
121 528
2 602 114
63 903 000
838 052
21 400
664 440
163 000
10 908 900
2 173 132
901 000
2 677 136
87 126
657 000
5 286 042
113 895
1 464 000
100 343 000
618 163
4 081 979
1 020 490
18 000
263
99 925
2 383 000
52 650 000
837 561
22 900
597 246
150 000
10 086 000
2 180 313
888 000
2 621 352
83 143
700 931
5 376 629
101 644
1 467 000
94 497 000
677 664
3 992 011
1 124 794
14 000
279
143 526
2 334 000
45 431 000
EU35 Total
227 300 000
215 700 000
204 300 000
187 200 000
173 300 000
Note(s)
(1) The figures shown in this table include natural gas liquids
(a) From oil shale
288
Petroleum and Natural Gas
EU35 Production of crude petroleum 2008 - 12
250 000
Thousand tonnes
200 000
150 000
100 000
50 000
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Exports of crude petroleum
Country
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
France
Germany
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Romania
Slovakia
Spain (a)
Sweden
Turkey (a)
United Kingdom
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2 496 349
18 130
8 593 198
65
40 011
—
1 195 500
...
128 838
328 795
91 299 591
34 871
...
18 159
* 24 000
3
* 4 115 000
43 354 245
2 390 390
21 600
8 520 980
1 689
265 799
11
619 630
93
113 172
184 860
87 982 743
17 227
...
14 932
* 400
45
* 2 956 000
43 550 953
2 593 653
18 239
7 363 518
161 761
180 515
96
423 777
524
110 597
340 357
79 030 886
3
78 256
13 048
* 164 000
2
* 1 139 000
41 591 305
2 278 613
18 685
6 899 354
467 914
283 784
46 629
713 237
42 208
80 025
81 621
70 031 846
186 730
76 061
15 359
* 300
3 105
* 702 000
34 304 184
2 085 993
21 470
5 896 071
427 246
138 712
62
920 740
45 767
78 183
396 475
64 341 641
211 223
48 688
11 515
* 240 000
22 040
* 99 000
33 679 090
Note(s)
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Imports of crude petroleum
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Lithuania
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
7 945 639
35 556 835
7 262 658
3 476 266
8 141 759
2 240 240
11 908 304
81 854 226
105 835 665
6 422 841
(a)* 6 959 000
2 878 397
82 998 642
9 325 904
7 428 183
32 376 828
5 770 397
4 044 874
7 451 765
3 320 486
11 516 562
70 343 956
97 648 203
2 437 424
(a)* 6 241 000
2 792 968
76 301 866
8 413 067
6 770 069
35 234 358
5 355 541
3 517 452
7 770 418
2 562 669
11 211 580
59 946 970
91 239 711
19 064 118
5 310 899
2 931 391
76 729 305
9 018 334
7 358 582
34 059 177
4 999 511
2 838 313
6 968 871
2 625 412
11 504 505
62 875 826
87 338 296
13 010 825
5 935 772
2 720 968
72 173 373
8 943 996
7 463 478
35 087 312
5 901 767
2 324 685
7 024 223
3 150 386
11 088 493
56 890 280
92 277 990
20 102 882
5 489 453
2 843 575
68 812 837
8 523 368
289
Petroleum and Natural Gas
Imports continued
tonnes
Country
Macedonia
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
1 057 671
58 484 561
828 709
20 949 949
12 050 226
8 419 364
2 585 294
5 778 688
59 444 410
19 184 387
5 141 634
21 833 471
52 103 843
992 672
35 086 584
1 225 514
19 959 321
10 193 366
6 893 956
2 280 658
5 787 725
52 331 324
16 818 080
4 755 189
14 219 427
50 656 965
852 361
60 408 191
1 508 241
22 009 801
11 251 958
5 821 640
1 869 881
5 555 541
52 714 224
18 236 284
4 534 930
16 873 392
50 447 008
685 090
55 108 848
1 238 531
22 870 416
10 152 747
5 451 662
1 497 415
5 988 119
51 960 524
17 988 419
4 302 674
18 049 163
53 647 056
258 896
63 505 928
1 305 413
24 629 744
11 456 025
5 127 631
1 091 762
5 345 149
58 285 251
20 429 251
3 231 713
19 479 238
56 471 508
Note(s)
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
Crude petroleum - EU35 trade in 2012
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Spain
France
United Kingdom
Belgium
Poland
Sweden
Greece
Turkey
Portugal
Finland
Lithuania
Austria
Czech Republic
Bulgaria
Hungary
Slovakia
Romania
Switzerland
Denmark
Ireland, Republic of
Croatia
Norway
Serbia
Macedonia
Exports
Imports
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
Million tonnes
290
20
40
60
80
100
Petroleum and Natural Gas
Natural gas
•
Natural gas is an increasingly important fundamental energy resource. It is used chiefly as a fuel but also a basic feedstock for
chemicals such as propane and butane, and in the manufacture of ammonia and fertilisers. It is transported either by pipeline, often
over transcontinental distances, or by ships in the form of liquefied natural gas (LNG).
•
USA was the world’s largest producer in 2012, with 20 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Russia (with 19 per
cent), followed by Iran and Qatar (five per cent each) and Canada (with four per cent).
EU35 Production of natural gas 2012
Others 3.2%
Poland 2.1%
Romania 3.9%
Rest of World 91.8%
Norway 40.5%
United Kingdom 14.3%
EU35 8.2%
Denmark 2.0%
Germany 4.2%
Italy 3.0%
Netherlands 26.8%
Production of natural gas
Country
Austria
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland, Republic of (a)
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
EU35 Total
million cubic metres
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
1 544
218
2 729
168
9 562
925
16 547
14
2 703
506
9 070
79 325
99 300
5 382
11 520
282
111
3
46
894
74 937
1 559
15
2 591
180
7 980
813
15 554
11
2 748
414
7 909
74 659
104 800
5 537
11 273
279
114
3
19
660
63 031
1 713
74
2 727
201
7 792
736
13 666
7
2 600
402
8 265
83 944
107 800
5 666
11 138
423
106
7
58
626
59 684
1 591
443
2 471
187
6 263
623
12 952
6
2 315
361
8 339
76 429
101 697
5 921
11 164
616
106
2
58
756
47 790
1 729
390
2 013
204
5 617
510
11 784
6
2 205
380
8 511
76 020
114 918
5 871
11 095
672
106
1
65
* 760
40 603
316 000
300 000
308 000
280 000
283 000
Note(s)
(1) So far as possible the figures in this table exclude flared or reinjected gas
(a) Sales
291
Petroleum and Natural Gas
EU35 Production of natural gas 2008 - 12
350 000
300 000
Million m3
250 000
200 000
150 000
100 000
50 000
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Exports of natural gas
Country
Austria
Belgium
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany (a)
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Norway
Portugal
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom (b)
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2 812 303
59 248 950
457 192
—
4 023 305
1 420
22 087 224
* 19 648 000
...
—
1 749 247
71 394 708
890 688
112 328
24 368
—
—
412 655
9 543 217
2 164 960
7 659 165
570 296
834 462
2 906 339
4 557
3 469 724
* 11 354 000
...
323 537
1 620 776
74 357 298
254 997
334 205
3
61 433
961
665 247
11 160 939
2 645 056
11 792 847
347 567
1 318 872
(a)* 1 044 000
9 052
2 908 272
* 14 165 000
...
—
1 427 161
75 626 277
389 309
1 153 269
—
200 027
21
590 182
14 461 473
2 945 349
23 022 897
180 323
1 115 748
(a)* 836 000
4 729
8 017 462
* 13 906 000
2 871
—
159 619
74 356 856
875
1 439 467
—
555 012
6 159
(a)* 653 000
15 239 637
1 995 157
* 27 000 000
174 291
1 034 568
(a)* 729 000
34
—
* 5 620 000
6 027
417 151
143 244
84 557 156
58 753
1 366 942
—
1 325 072
475
(a)* 5 888 000
11 325 170
Note(s)
(1) This table includes both liquefied natural gas (HS code: 271111) in tonnes and natural gas in gaseous state (HS code 271121) in
tonnes of oil equivalent
(2) To convert figures from million tonnes (of oil equivalent) to billion m3, multiply by 1.11
(a) BGS estimate, based on known imports into certain countries
(b) Tonnes of oil equivalent, converted from GWh using 85.985 tonnes of oil equivalent to 1 GWh. Source: Department of Energy and
Climate Change
292
Petroleum and Natural Gas
Imports of natural gas
Country
Austria
Belgium
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macedonia
Netherlands (a)
Norway
Portugal
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom (b)
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
7 136 000
11 419 294
855 326
6 264 909
...
717 831
6 028 908
79 101 617
78 201 702
4 186 746
8 574 143
4 364 595
36 489 000
1 138 776
2 246 642
221 375
86 823
* 17 228 000
442
4 188 706
7 757 273
1 548 551
4 640 012
750 581
32 044 466
647 510
2 596 153
33 996 147
7 566 509
14 431 349
738 109
7 080 247
...
477 844
—
32 440 935
78 990 573
3 086 243
6 238 749
4 192 236
52 879 546
1 047 240
1 761 529
92 122
53 192
* 9 512 000
231
3 770 943
1 451 767
1 046 465
4 820 301
748 930
28 024 572
860 497
2 450 414
38 563 499
8 697 934
14 144 704
587 846
7 471 522
103 236
491 806
3 252 037
41 624 014
82 784 241
3 520 510
5 858 735
4 738 918
59 616 091
1 160 668
2 048 906
3 591
79 059
* 11 044 000
4 393
3 849 819
* 2 000 000
1 346 955
5 765 254
828 674
27 795 263
1 066 174
2 759 930
49 981 718
9 390 448
13 250 074
579 005
7 175 884
198 509
478 288
3 543 126
50 897 525
87 762 701
4 233 660
5 788 348
4 430 360
50 506 295
1 099 045
2 385 268
3 077
93 816
* 12 153 000
1 005
3 543 064
3 283 138
1 362 390
5 747 975
736 641
27 529 122
899 467
2 521 494
49 695 891
10 043 171
12 979 827
971 008
5 652 749
119
452 299
(a)* 3 000 000
(a)* 37 000 000
92 961 372
3 927 266
5 509 482
4 282 222
48 666 707
1 034 139
2 265 929
1 441
96 877
* 10 107 568
444
3 231 198
(a)* 2 000 000
1 289 674
5 577 333
662 178
26 622 307
816 561
2 644 533
46 000 857
Note(s)
(1) This table includes both liquefied natural gas (HS code: 271111) in tonnes and natural gas in gaseous state (HS code 271121) in
tonnes of oil equivalent
(2) To convert figures from million tonnes (of oil equivalent) to billion m3, multiply by 1.11
(a) BGS estimate, based on known exports from certain countries
(b) Tonnes of oil equivalent, converted from GWh using 85.985 GWh to 1 tonne of oil equivalent. Source: Department of Energy and
Climate Change
293
Phosphate rock
Phosphate rock
•
Phosphate rock is the term given to a range of phosphorus-bearing minerals that are commercially exploited. Phosphate rock is
chiefly used to produce fertilisers. The remainder is used in the manufacture of detergents, animal feedstock and many other minor
applications.
•
China was the world’s largest producer in 2012, with 44 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was USA (14 per cent),
followed by Morocco (13 per cent), Peru and Russia (with five per cent each).
Production of phosphate rock
tonnes
Country
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Finland
780 000
658 347
817 289
869 694
858 005
Exports of phosphate rock
Country
Belgium
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Finland
France (a)
Germany
Italy
Lithuania
Macedonia
Netherlands
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
84 619
2 960
1 091
3 248
* 22 000
314
7 661
140
1 685
120 214
164 848
4 754
4 897
...
15 792
...
817
3 796
* 22 000
137
6 416
—
1 233
11 807
56 973
1 565
1 228
159
30 744
—
—
52 006
* 18 000
489
10 751
—
1 056
138 239
153 182
1 888
125
620
62 021
...
...
117 304
* 19 000
1 641
16 139
—
651
166 704
164 440
10 985
2 253
1 454
63 004
—
—
43 597
* 31 000
1 742
8 370
20 000
709
162 952
172 405
620
1 826
937
Note(s)
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Imports of phosphate rock
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Lithuania
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
294
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
(a)* 158 000
1 458 207
534 734
328 599
20 928
118 749
374 792
145 905
251 845
41
3 425
248 005
1 209 385
1 108 711
682 369
1 448 780
90 667
225 581
102 441
251
(a)* 58 000
579 326
309 564
117 441
543
—
130 323
28 863
192 135
37
85
89 245
1 162 070
192 355
403 098
458 923
44 189
103 500
3 974
258
(a)* 160 000
1 114 210
455 539
51 010
9 917
28 144
305 259
120 580
252 644
45
5 328
231 808
1 354 093
779 354
9 638
1 299 106
93 348
233 377
20 394
1 688
61 030
1 076 842
570 288
67 007
13 163
...
264 541
117 971
220 591
1 028
264
243 718
1 254 579
779 537
6 499
1 434 124
91 703
254 061
60 024
1 662
(a)* 6 500
1 038 397
535 571
56 303
21
—
312 023
133 355
140 205
312
327
196 478
1 216 427
679 557
—
1 237 885
105 186
229 060
85 674
1 299
Phosphate rock
Imports continued
tonnes
Country
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
164 872
1 611 494
922
358
741 190
28 971
56 969
438 755
2 918
585
707 595
5 600
153 160
1 017 820
3 869
3 657
686 966
9 873
164 442
377 348
12 968
20 007
814 382
15 885
172 406
345 571
10 687
15 024
711 627
15 314
Note(s)
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
Phosphate rock - EU35 trade in 2012
Poland
Lithuania
Belgium
Turkey
Netherlands
Bulgaria
Spain
Exports
France
Romania
Italy
Slovenia
Greece
Germany
Portugal
Imports
Serbia
Croatia
United Kingdom
Switzerland
Sweden
Austria
Finland
-250
0
250
500
750
1,000
1,250
1,500
Thousand tonnes
295
Platinum Metals
Platinum group metals
•
The platinum group metals (PGMs) are platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, osmium and iridium. Of these, platinum and
palladium are the most commercially significant. Platinum and palladium have important applications in electronics, jewellery and as
catalysts (in catalytic converters for vehicles and in many industrial processes). They are also investment commodities.
•
South Africa was the world’s largest producer of platinum in 2012, with 73 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was
Russia (14 per cent), followed by Zimbabwe and Canada (with four per cent each) and USA (two per cent).
•
Russia was the world’s largest producer of palladium in 2012, with 45 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was South
Africa (38 per cent), followed by USA and Canada (with six per cent each) and Zimbabwe (three per cent).
•
South Africa was also the largest producer of other platinum group metals in 2012, with 90 per cent of the world output. Other
producers were Russia (five per cent), Zimbabwe, (four per cent) and Canada (one per cent).
Mine production of platinum group metals
Country
kilograms (metal content)
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
429
379
30
20
30
20
30
20
* 30
* 20
* 30
* 20
—
70
12
38
—
22
—
20
6
4
120
100
60
70
870
Finland
Platinum
Palladium
Poland
Platinum
Palladium
Serbia
Platinum
Palladium
EU35 Total
Note(s)
(1) Wherever possible, figures relate to quantities of platinum group metals thought to be recovered from ores originating in the country
stated
(2) In addition to the production listed, concentrates produced in Spain are believed to be processed in China to recover platinum group
metals.
Exports of platinum group metals
Country
Austria
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Belgium
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Bulgaria
Waste and scrap (a)
Croatia
Waste and scrap
Czech Republic
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Denmark
Platinum and platinum metals
Estonia
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Finland
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
296
kilograms
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
£52 298 000
£621 000
£38 485 000
£295 000
£83 434 000
£1 070 000
£110 119 000
£757 000
£105 895 000
£733 000
8 400
649 800
10 700
315 200
7 500
497 000
8 900
218 400
5 300
31 200
* 1 400
* 44 000
* 16 000
* 23 000
* 10 000
27 018
27 959
53 996
24 958
36 441
3 400
700
5 200
—
6 800
—
2 900
15 300
2 800
—
1
7 000
200
100
200
...
...
7
800
...
7 700
—
9 100
654
8 800
30
218
34 126
267
6 238
723
6 684
75
3 927
454
Platinum Minerals
kilograms
Exports continued
Country
France
Platinum
Platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Germany
Platinum
Palladium
Other platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Greece
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Hungary
Waste and scrap
Ireland, Republic of
Waste and scrap
Italy
Platinum
Platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Lithuania
Waste and scrap
Luxembourg
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Netherlands
Platinum
Platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Norway
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Poland
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Portugal
Waste and scrap
Slovakia
Platinum and platinum metals
Slovenia
Platinum and platinum metals
Spain
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Sweden
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Switzerland
Platinum
Palladium
Other platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Turkey
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2 033
2 120
282 400
1 140
1 396
609 699
1 884
914
179 798
2 566
1 255
270 355
4 139
107 354
352 702
27 700
28 600
24 700
3 238 800
36 204
43 329
65 029
3 352 271
24 597
35 462
33 299
5 997 852
24 994
43 952
28 158
6 960 588
23 627
43 524
21 018
6 047 948
200
3 400
300
...
200
—
...
...
800
6 300
...
...
92 300
91 200
149 100
16 854
8 544
5 440
1 763
3 496
13 350
8 295
257
10 043
8 898
311
10 408
12 684
634
9 982
14 436
37 750
10 071
16 259
2 899
62 710
101 900
193 600
126 800
...
5 800
...
2 500
24 700
...
5 600
—
16 000
—
...
£18 207 000
£10 385 000
352 175
£59 804 000
£10 383 000
* 163 160
£14 634 000
£7 953 000
1 877
£9 386 000
£7 261 000
220
£10 282 000
£5 329 000
5 714
15 393
5 119
12 341
35 829
9 714
157 937
11 951
36 399
13 707
63 560
7 275
7 399
47 400
1 600
1 100
300
2 400
3 400
400
63 900
...
—
...
15 100
3 200
45 800
1 700
5 800
84 100
29 400
110
400
—
...
13 300
3 104
88 069
1 672
225 411
2 347
291 877
1 255
163 420
21 889
68 805
£851 000
575 300
£177 000
40 400
£429 000
69 000
£1 203 000
43 600
£801 000
39 100
69 404
86 503
717
616 867
61 433
57 571
192
362 419
72 006
70 662
464
314 061
63 853
60 859
494
289 174
64 331
56 950
836
241 307
18
330
3 142
9 967
5 124
4 491
2 765
5 332
589
13 244
297
Platinum Minerals
Exports continued
Country
United Kingdom
Platinum
Palladium
Other platinum metals
Waste and scrap
kilograms
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
40 630
47 142
22 548
4 278 682
43 177
53 091
20 044
4 273 222
24 464
42 864
23 021
527 862
37 836
50 917
17 319
287 198
55 114
55 864
18 945
1 066 729
Note(s)
(1) In this table the term 'Platinum' and/or 'Platinum metals' includes unwrought, partly worked and alloys
(2) Kilograms have been used as the unit in this table except where the only obtainable figure is a value. In these cases the national
currency figure has been converted to £ sterling.
(3) See explanatory notes at the front of the volume regarding currency conversions.
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Imports of platinum group metals
Country
Austria
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Belgium
Platinum and platinum metals
Bulgaria
Platinum and platinum metals
Cyprus
Platinum and platinum metals (a)
Czech Republic
Platinum
Platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Denmark
Platinum and platinum metals
France
Platinum
Platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Germany
Platinum
Palladium
Other platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Greece
Platinum and platinum metals
Hungary
Platinum and platinum metals
Iceland
Platinum and platinum metals
Ireland, Republic of
Platinum and platinum metals
Italy
Platinum
Palladium
Other platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Latvia
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Lithuania
Waste and scrap
Luxembourg
Platinum and platinum metals
Macedonia
Platinum and platinum metals
298
kilograms
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
700
100
1 600
—
1 400
100
4 100
21 400
500
1 100
300
1 200
1 000
400
400
613
16
17
5
10
* 400
...
* 900
* 400
* 11
42 358
47 932
4 414
81 500
600
772
25 000
17 700
7 835
2 100
100
54 300
13 100
100
169 600
6 448
4 699
2 300
796
500
8 471
4 404
241 200
3 633
5 348
359 138
4 516
3 006
143 885
4 010
...
296 178
4 606
23 926
122 641
47 100
55 100
6 400
10 983 600
42 452
47 092
12 120
6 224 314
40 983
53 479
19 655
8 069 744
38 019
50 926
21 319
7 290 427
32 874
47 449
18 444
8 020 283
300
100
500
1 400
900
453
26
1 300
84
—
162
158
117
216
150
2 185
121 381
9 470
7 826
13 879
16 570
20 593
2 426
7 646
13 627
13 047
1 909
8 178
12 545
10 019
1 694
16 918
10 630
9 171
1 084
1 468
7 417
7 855
1 244
3 103
...
2 842
...
(a)* 3 900
...
(a)* 400
100
...
200
...
40 800
22 700
76 400
64 600
4 800
1 410
1 702
1 633
0
289
—
—
2 420
7 649
9 910
Platinum Metals
Imports continued
Country
Netherlands
Platinum
Platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Norway
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Poland
Platinum and platinum metals
Portugal
Platinum and platinum metals
Slovakia
Platinum
Palladium
Spain
Platinum and platinum metals (a)
Waste and scrap
Sweden
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Switzerland
Platinum
Palladium
Other platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Turkey
Platinum and platinum metals
United Kingdom
Platinum
Palladium
Other platinum metals
Waste and scrap
kilograms
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
£89 137 000
£8 219 000
40
£78 613 000
£11 659 000
111
£25 740 000
£13 014 000
260 515
£73 911 000
£54 486 000
411 332
£79 002 282
£31 439 659
5 883
1 072
1 093
1 005
930
1 425
1 362
1 430
1 160
758
1 403
16 900
31 300
5 100
2 700
1 800
308
146
796
100
—
1 573 351
58
1 533 869
1 191
1 625 761
2 702
2 662 700
4 400
2 339 500
4 800
* 3 900
8 947
* 3 000
29 448
* 3 500
29 183
* 3 000
17 845
* 2 500
13 104
£8 722 000
13 800
£5 934 000
80 200
£7 551 000
1 500
£8 430 000
19 800
£12 301 000
12 700
67 022
60 666
1 255
494 962
91 048
50 258
1 319
688 973
49 089
41 454
813
912 680
57 415
43 310
873
459 360
39 955
27 123
1 065
413 819
463
235
200
213
240
29 943
32 806
5 409
1 416 905
30 339
36 652
6 713
1 100 117
58 659
73 184
9 487
819 769
46 092
42 167
7 768
1 556 736
54 073
59 803
4 374
2 163 943
Note(s)
(1) In this table the term 'Platinum' and/or 'Platinum metals' includes unwrought, partly worked and alloys
2) Kilograms have been used as the unit in this table except where the only obtainable figure is a value. In these cases the national
currency figure has been converted to £ sterling.
(3) See explanatory notes at the front of the volume regarding currency conversions.
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
299
Potash
Potash
•
Potash is the name for a range of potassium-bearing minerals and processed chemical products. Potassium is essential in fertilisers
and is widely used in the chemicals industry and in explosives.
•
Canada was the world’s largest producer in 2012, with 28 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Russia (17 per
cent), followed by Belarus (15 per cent), Germany (ten per cent) and China (eight per cent).
EU35 Production of potash 2012
Spain 10.5%
Rest of World 87.2%
EU35 12.8%
United Kingdom 11.5%
Germany 78.1%
Production of potash
tonnes (K2O content)
Country
Germany
Potassic salts
Spain
Chloride
United Kingdom
Chloride
EU35 Total
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
3 280 467
1 825 139
3 023 941
3 214 696
3 149 386
472 952
481 455
418 778
436 026
421 652
403 800
* 403 800
* 403 800
* 462 000
* 462 000
4 157 000
2 710 000
3 847 000
4 113 000
4 033 000
EU35 Production of potash 2008 - 12
Thousand tonnes (K 2O content)
6 000
5 000
4 000
3 000
2 000
1 000
0
2008
300
2009
2010
2011
2012
Potash
Exports of potash
Country
Austria
Potassic fertilisers
Belgium
Chloride
Czech Republic
Potassic fertilisers
Denmark
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Finland
Sulphate
Chloride
France
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Germany
Potassic fertilisers (a)(b)
Greece
Potassic fertilisers
Hungary
Potassic fertilisers
Italy
Potassic fertilisers
Latvia
Chloride
Potassic fertilisers
Lithuania
Potassic fertilisers
Luxembourg
Chloride
Netherlands
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Poland
Potassic fertilisers
Portugal
Potassic fertilisers
Serbia
Potassic fertilisers
Spain
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Sweden
Sulphate
Turkey
Potassic fertilisers
United Kingdom
Sulphate
Chloride (c)
Other potassic fertilisers
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
14 613
13 843
20 259
19 304
21 653
10 631
58 784
64 018
100 097
217 498
3 322
6 843
4 235
4 780
3 839
45
374
59
504
69
683
2 123
8 898
2 579
7 664
17 181
50 822
45 818
26
53 850
178
* 61 000
195
* 51 000
1
34 777
11 416
327
18 248
9 858
414
17 085
36 215
1 788
25 238
15 947
2 772
17 335
65 461
3 714
3 280 467
1 825 139
3 023 941
3 214 696
3 149 386
1 648
1 369
1 294
431
336
7 891
9 916
5 697
5 805
7 664
6 345
12 725
13 629
8 702
8 551
970
123
0
379
39
357
28
535
1 427
1 344
2 846
18 714
6 517
4 256
7 989
778
98
330
190
122
1 424
147 436
1 341
4 431
133 012
2 680
7 854
174 453
15 619
45 711
22 746
45 766
27 002
395 684
31 642
9 222
13 279
10 687
10 078
3 999
240
402
612
895
3 901
245
163
690
3 672
3 546
1 251
360 538
1 895
2 540
319 549
1 352
6 474
609 607
2 365
3 713
688 599
2 385
4 873
733 789
3 020
53 883
59 252
93 796
84 381
69 205
3 544
6 438
6 533
6 504
3 654
93
* 244 300
562
443
* 205 600
228
71
* 339 000
420
108
* 429 000
5 283
118
* 399 000
15 732
Note(s)
(a) K2O content
(b) Including sulphate, chloride and other potassic fertilisers
(c) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
301
Potash
Imports of potash
Country
Austria
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Belgium
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Bulgaria
Potassic fertilisers
Croatia
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Czech Republic
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Denmark
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Estonia
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Finland
Chloride (a)
Other potassic fertilisers
France
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Germany
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Greece
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Hungary
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Ireland, Republic of
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Italy
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Latvia
Chloride
Lithuania
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Luxembourg
Potassic fertilisers
Netherlands
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Norway
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
302
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
10 432
119 347
25 862
4 241
28 000
9 139
15 074
105 299
18 201
9 595
102 028
9 418
15 636
132 302
12 312
175 205
912 154
10 125
73 074
428 365
7 668
129 152
1 173 213
13 668
120 335
1 259 385
13 771
15 461
740 726
3 794
4 633
1 970
7 985
3 210
9 948
157 994
2 958
10 538
1 091
132 471
1 749
102 879
3 717
115 375
1 314
28 052
5 025
36 125
2 430
82 710
4 773
87 248
3 410
75 651
3 377
1 878
47 885
24 438
1 019
4 917
11 052
1 910
36 608
14 967
9 335
42 472
8 473
11 225
30 823
4 816
8 665
9
1
5
1 517
57
1 898
1 491
2 438
1 960
164 400
184
84 600
74
194 800
117
211 100
4 602
207 500
1 100
53 124
837 119
18 484
12 477
242 713
7 287
51 068
626 635
13 998
40 885
597 658
6 814
75 743
901 544
13 696
11 801
124 643
2 503
13 194
75 154
633
20 786
131 645
8 065
22 490
131 244
11 726
21 559
146 673
7 729
36 642
28 144
8 660
14 325
20 773
107
39 155
35 176
3 240
26 686
27 276
8 166
26 621
19 735
2 947
181 373
4 552
38 441
4 372
90 063
5 760
98 351
6 161
106 292
5 449
97 056
4 347
29 932
3 390
99 181
7 570
95 816
2 011
85 536
5 249
78 513
346 465
9 882
31 910
144 086
3 413
88 593
367 465
8 415
58 418
287 984
1 368
52 568
285 476
511
10 845
—
6 414
3 468
8 694
10 971
107 749
487
2 617
6 631
87
2 581
32 552
4
7 069
35 602
112
6 267
52 573
1 837
2 048
801
1 681
1 167
1 252
17 393
307 612
3 899
28 984
204 377
3 466
21 982
430 138
1 542
56 536
756 966
26 231
66 497
905 233
24 569
190 757
349 459
674
123 549
199 385
509
(b)* 99 000
(b)* 377 000
612
(b)* 65 000
(b)* 354 000
287
(b)* 27 782
(b)* 395 133
320
Potash
Imports continued
Country
Poland
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Portugal
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Romania
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Serbia
Chloride
Slovakia
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Slovenia
Potassic fertilisers
Spain
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Sweden
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Switzerland
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Turkey
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
United Kingdom
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
19 161
815 282
7 143
10 919
194 900
3 470
19 155
757 987
4 442
23 281
769 256
10 317
23 883
779 023
11 544
1 869
38 200
1 708
1 574
25 525
5 389
3 840
50 687
1 899
4 405
65 352
2 596
10 798
82 364
5 395
5 133
68 877
338
19 592
5 119
374
13 726
56 922
425
6 936
46 842
683
17 559
21 354
1 279
109 734
10 710
71 906
53 113
69 712
29 496
2 366
4 597
689
22 561
2 913
24 631
2 260
23 613
3 204
2 166
766
1 919
2 076
1 447
40 911
194 656
3 548
21 022
71 444
3 721
40 507
211 595
1 607
39 133
257 920
1 283
43 865
232 397
968
2 872
15 689
4 735
965
4 769
4 211
1 789
55 671
5 858
2 551
79 863
9 276
1 340
81 282
8 187
4 685
15 158
2 861
3 967
7 595
1 676
4 914
16 865
2 049
5 899
14 730
1 159
6 638
11 866
1 136
33 427
82 412
398
11 576
50 634
303
34 986
82 923
1 075
28 989
93 471
109
36 459
94 930
107
15 157
165 331
11 919
15 766
80 842
10 422
15 766
270 096
10 565
13 232
153 141
2 373
10 795
161 388
7 899
Note(s)
(a) K2O content
(b) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
303
Potash
Potash - EU35 trade in 2012
Netherlands
France
Poland
Belgium
Norway
Finland
Italy
Spain
United Kingdom
Germany
Austria
Turkey
Croatia
Hungary
Portugal
Sweden
Ireland, Republic of
Czech Republic
Serbia
Lithuania
Greece
Denmark
Romania
Slovakia
Switzerland
Bulgaria
Latvia
-6,000
Exports
Imports
-5,000
-4,000
-3,000
-2,000
-1,000
0
Thousand tonnes
304
1,000
2,000
Rare Earths
Rare earth elements
•
Rare earth elements (REE), for which the most commercially important minerals are bastnaesite and monazite, are a group of 17
metallic elements of which cerium, lanthanum and neodymium are used in the largest quantities. Rare earths are widely used in
automotive catalysts, as metallurgical additives and in glass and ceramics. An increasingly important use of REE, particularly
neodymium, is in high-strength permanent magnets for computer hard disk drives, hybrid and electric vehicles, and wind turbines.
•
Production of rare earths is limited to only a few countries of which China is the largest producer (91 per cent of the total world output
in 2012). The second largest producer in 2012 was USA (four per cent), followed by Australia and Russia (with two per cent each).
Minor amounts are also produced in Malaysia and Brazil.
Exports of rare earths
Country
Austria
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Belgium
Metals
Rare earth compounds
Czech Republic
Rare earth compounds
Estonia
Metals
Rare earth compounds
Finland
Rare earth compounds
France
Metals
Rare earth compounds
Germany
Metals
Rare earth compounds
Ireland, Republic of
Rare earth compounds
Italy
Metals
Rare earth compounds
Lithuania
Cerium compounds
Netherlands
Metals
Rare earth compounds
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys
Norway
Metals
Other rare earth compounds
Poland
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Spain
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Sweden
Cerium compounds
Switzerland
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Turkey
Cerium compounds
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
373
2 702
8 508
244
2 035
8 437
258
1 936
8 658
452
1 167
4 902
500
888
5 696
299
408
273
335
476
332
110
265
134
141
8
3
6
2
—
1
2 916
1
2 679
1
1 686
...
1 124
42
3 210
103
0
44
67
0
11
1 854
3
1 244
8
3 411
11
2 789
12
2 097
3
188
19
652
25
601
29
660
10
699
9
7
1
1
4
112
153
78
167
101
236
145
322
111
353
3
8
12
10
7
202
131
19
* 135
* 150
44
86
177
49
70
327
18
163
341
32
1
21
105
21
—
30
19
23
5
13
8
22
4
—
7
4
86
66
1
3
50
8
17
—
13
5
97
51
34
51
62
32
1
8
9
...
1
9
...
5
1
1
1
26
2
1
9
1
5
5
27
8
5
10
5
305
Rare Earths
Exports continued
Country
United Kingdom
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
237
73
622
7
54
105
459
6
46
182
614
37
272
149
347
48
54
273
214
79
Note(s)
(1) Rare earths are here taken to include yttrium and scandium
Imports of rare earths
Country
Austria
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Belgium
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys
Cyprus
Cerium compounds
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys
Czech Republic
Metals
Rare earth compounds
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys
Denmark
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Estonia
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Finland
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys
France
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys
Germany
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys
Greece
Metals
Rare earth compounds
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys
Hungary
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Iceland
Metals
Ireland, Republic of
Rare earth compounds
306
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
561
3 487
3 589
269
1 985
2 471
550
1 766
3 375
325
1 310
1 646
442
696
802
259
258
142
3
323
419
292
62
411
323
172
2
205
289
58
0
136
146
41
7
0
0
0
...
24
18
0
...
16
—
0
155
5
0
124
5
13
131
6
35
117
2
2
344
1
11
10
734
36
15
19
16
6
19
3
0
4 469
0
4 125
24
2 105
501
3 616
545
4 499
101
7
0
57
9
1
72
8
2
52
14
2
18
5
10
447
9 116
768
3
402
6 112
874
26
372
5 687
1 408
83
506
1 867
1 359
388
280
3 940
1 301
940
430
673
10 192
6
106
448
7 755
2
459
1 006
9 999
6
263
844
6 904
14
290
553
4 155
11
20
1
0
68
—
0
...
3
65
...
4
62
—
11
169
55
62
36
26
38
31
33
23
31
31
85
87
350
77
...
21
67
8
85
3
Rare Earths
Imports continued
Country
Italy
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys
Lithuania
Rare earth compounds
Luxembourg
Rare earth compounds
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys
Netherlands
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys
Norway
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Poland
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Portugal
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Romania
Rare earth compounds
Slovakia
Rare earth compounds
Slovenia
Metals
Rare earth compounds
Spain
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys
Sweden
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Switzerland
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys
Turkey
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys
United Kingdom
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
144
710
431
2
87
414
258
5
124
597
303
10
108
616
307
3
30
337
257
3
8
3
14
11
10
1
—
2
—
2
11
5
0
2
—
261
278
2 766
4
* 200
71
* 1 100
6
48
88
568
2
18
223
173
1
99
396
742
23
341
7
1
24
9
0
148
1
8
552
13
9
438
3
9
—
148
58
2
43
16
5
134
48
0
101
32
2
68
13
0
15
7
...
11
2
1
7
5
87
8
18
—
15
3
6
5
5
1
2
5
8
8
10
7
88
3
55
2
98
3
26
3
55
9
274
444
270
15
108
443
140
19
421
543
216
41
9
636
102
33
19
455
155
22
46
59
8
28
47
8
37
47
7
48
55
9
72
31
16
...
16
18
6
1
15
15
44
4
31
16
...
5
18
12
5
21
15
17
3
9
310
5
12
9
200
4
10
14
233
13
...
13
128
8
...
10
120
4
13
133
2 067
251
57
99
612
103
148
119
1 119
322
150
79
1 713
629
79
65
485
518
14
Note(s)
(1) Rare earths are here taken to include yttrium and scandium
307
Salt
Salt
•
Salt (sodium chloride) is a fundamental chemical of life. However, human consumption accounts for a small fraction of salt usage.
Industrial use is far higher, particularly in the chemical industry as a source of soda and chlorine. Salt is also used to ‘grit’ roads to
prevent the formation of ice between 0°C and -6°C.
•
Most countries in the world have some salt production from rock salt, brine or seawater. China was the world’s largest producer in
2012, with 22 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was USA (15 per cent), followed by India (nine per cent), Germany
(seven per cent), Canada, Australia and Mexico (with four per cent each).
EU35 Production of salt 2012
Netherlands 10.5%
Others 3.2%
Poland 6.8%
Romania 3.0%
Italy 4.6%
Spain 6.5%
Rest of World 77.5%
Turkey 6.4%
EU35 22.5%
United Kingdom 9.8%
Germany 30.6%
Austria 5.1%
France 9.8%
Bulgaria 3.4%
Production of salt
Country
Austria
Rock salt
Salt in brine
Bulgaria
Croatia
Denmark
France
Germany
Rock salt
Brine salt
Salt in brine
Greece
Italy
Rock salt and brine salt
Montenegro
Sea salt
Netherlands
Poland
Rock salt
Brine salt
Other salt
Portugal
Rock salt
Sea salt
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Rock salt
Sea salt
Other salt
308
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
503
866 674
2 100 000
54 937
496 593
* 6 100 000
50
1 035 044
1 300 000
57 186
511 063
* 6 100 000
95
1 071 842
1 900 000
66 835
601 046
* 6 100 000
169
1 150 474
2 200 000
53 963
* 600 000
* 6 100 000
222
3 193 216
2 100 000
45 992
* 600 000
* 6 100 000
5 545 438
989 208
7 306 745
* 220 000
7 709 844
1 862 630
* 7 300 000
* 189 000
9 992 156
2 118 484
* 4 500 000
* 190 000
8 765 168
2 217 205
* 6 500 000
* 190 000
5 938 855
2 182 440
* 10 900 000
* 190 000
5 412 449
3 678 234
4 006 882
2 912 128
2 862 440
25 200
6 200 000
17 000
5 967 000
11 200
5 982 000
10 000
6 866 000
16 000
6 513 000
618 111
2 783 198
706 618
988 545
2 533 413
763 385
1 221 700
2 464 363
763 515
1 254 000
2 633 300
768 000
793 000
2 732 200
724 000
606 545
69 249
2 526 774
30 115
109 510
535
594 578
72 325
2 072 744
28 782
41 000
2 924
618 961
44 574
2 388 357
30 816
—
59
631 295
47 267
2 248 940
23 334
—
4 291
520 284
88 693
1 888 516
16 506
—
5 684
2 909 907
1 290 672
102 149
2 763 081
1 338 789
99 853
3 115 940
1 242 718
92 644
3 096 383
1 314 529
92 850
2 785 959
1 155 475
100 643
Salt
tonnes
Production continued
Country
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
EU35 Total
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
368 000
3 271 009
5 565 000
554 000
3 765 564
6 166 000
643 000
3 134 749
6 666 000
478 324
* 4 000 000
6 060 000
* 528 000
* 4 000 000
* 6 100 000
56 300 000
57 500 000
59 000 000
60 200 000
62 100 000
Note(s)
(1) This table does not include production of refined salt
(2) Salt is known to be produced in many countries for which statistics are not available.
EU35 Production of salt 2008 - 12
70 000
Thousand tonnes
60 000
50 000
40 000
30 000
20 000
10 000
0
2008
2009
2011
2010
2012
Exports of salt
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macedonia
Montenegro
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
388 681
61 012
8 239
4 530
956
14 116
265 036
121
336
231 953
2 782 861
48 908
1 388
3 718
8 783
322 221
13 741
6 063
219
3 255
3 505
3 878 601
4 833
361 691
13 412
486 040
491 981
125 255
2 689
9 995
2 910
31 068
333 383
277
336
277 617
2 744 985
47 406
3 434
2 115
735
558 441
15 919
5 437
220
3 616
3 776
* 3 412 200
14 998
503 899
15 662
372 501
500 126
288 679
1 078
20 721
7 929
51 289
319 317
2 055
11 380
297 909
3 097 654
59 655
1 356
1 093
10 183
919 673
23 172
19 031
1 072
2 666
14 316
3 456 740
12 609
572 595
31 022
790 530
392 506
354 644
6 074
24 561
6 260
41 658
296 459
3 685
1 370
190 124
2 735 634
65 014
39 405
1 402
1 540
1 017 938
35 545
13 514
589
5 456
1 560
2 631 255
5 775
515 723
31 304
712 657
404 069
151 767
170
21 548
5 765
25 883
391 879
2 968
401
147 441
2 207 276
41 292
14 663
694
2 608
473 826
21 741
7 653
311
4 898
1 845
2 456 168
17 053
393 235
37 302
635 801
309
Salt
Exports continued
Country
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
4 151
62 133
20 590
646 288
10 444
37 772
27 393
873 708
3 895
4 606
15 671
862 994
10 025
68 947
26 223
449 303
16 290
45 056
21 711
1 318 019
12 742
67 537
262 050
450 246
13 362
27 935
33 998
1 311 651
13 297
71 525
417 596
489 633
5 073
20 917
30 498
807 581
8 973
58 820
66 690
396 155
Imports of salt
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macedonia
Malta
Montenegro
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
310
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
105 335
1 174 539
103 007
176 408
13 445
610 149
213 931
72 149
397 033
578 882
2 319 273
134 557
510 287
113 142
105 636
572 965
144 424
166 505
45 882
37 575
3 794
4 814
167 508
1 075 905
356 929
94 501
92 815
152 207
189 268
190 017
97 348
875 294
8 988
257 146
237 288
230 979
1 319 896
102 272
197 644
16 822
711 374
421 109
73 931
417 495
918 448
1 867 023
149 094
535 928
98 207
114 659
902 241
151 529
159 534
51 132
39 232
1 364
10 402
* 253 000
959 630
483 243
108 161
82 569
144 711
168 211
239 191
81 729
910 606
70 386
99 400
410 434
293 799
1 751 650
215 355
287 609
23 836
958 474
762 420
73 254
384 089
1 653 101
2 654 736
144 367
704 143
65 342
172 053
1 119 583
163 486
209 506
77 304
42 011
1 682
6 470
1 404 032
1 042 489
886 294
172 107
81 441
204 395
266 329
317 999
85 807
905 190
37 731
154 536
1 288 253
291 187
2 001 517
214 732
190 963
20 998
858 980
907 135
85 105
452 873
1 622 835
3 477 233
173 050
800 950
94 177
308 884
1 045 659
198 975
246 724
91 033
39 986
1 366
9 600
2 397 781
1 106 066
1 052 650
144 688
114 500
274 636
244 787
235 663
111 597
933 936
58 307
254 045
1 814 865
162 790
1 272 556
252 392
201 542
20 470
560 186
351 217
73 248
385 359
705 665
2 277 714
154 435
540 297
100 020
105 270
1 128 585
135 514
154 780
24 059
49 248
2 567
6 795
331 643
1 052 197
451 619
182 585
94 288
246 280
226 571
142 926
52 046
745 276
23 179
248 663
418 028
Salt
Salt - EU35 trade in 2012
Germany
Belgium
Italy
Norway
Sweden
France
Czech Republic
Hungary
Poland
United Kingdom
Finland
Exports
Denmark
Netherlands
Bulgaria
Turkey
Serbia
Slovakia
Croatia
Portugal
Austria
Imports
Lithuania
Greece
Slovenia
Latvia
Ireland, Republic of
Iceland
Romania
Estonia
Spain
Macedonia
Luxembourg
Switzerland
Cyprus
Montenegro
Malta
-3,000
-2,000
-1,000
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
Thousand tonnes
311
Sillimanite minerals
Sillimanite minerals
•
Sillimanite minerals are a group of three anhydrous aluminium silicate minerals (andalusite, kyanite and sillimanite) that are chiefly
used as refractories. Bricks and mortar used to line furnaces and kilns usually contain a proportion of these minerals.
•
Despite being common minerals in high-grade metamorphic rocks, economic concentrations of these minerals are rare. South Africa
was the world’s largest producer in 2012 followed by USA, France and India. China is also believed to be a significant producer of
sillimanite minerals but accurate production data are not available.
Production of sillimanite minerals
Country
France
Andalusite
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
* 65 000
* 65 000
* 65 000
* 65 000
* 68 000
Note(s)
(1) A number of other countries produce sillimanite minerals but details of output are not reported
(2) Production capacity for synthetic mullite also exists in the United Kingdom but output is believed to be zero
Exports of sillimanite minerals
Country
Belgium
France
Germany
Hungary
Mullite
Netherlands
Turkey
United Kingdom
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
62 423
66 242
18 231
39 809
38 494
7 965
53 940
49 011
13 379
51 011
55 316
18 818
35 685
43 751
17 287
(a)* 7 200
10 848
1 608
2 076
(a)* 4 300
5 602
1 647
1 414
7 505
6 907
2 623
1 378
8 180
23 239
3 357
1 761
6 335
13 447
4 444
1 141
Note(s)
(1) In this table 'Sillimanite minerals' is understood to include any or all of andalusite, kyanite, sillimanite and mullite
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Imports of sillimanite minerals
tonnes
Country
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Austria
Belgium
Sillimanite minerals
Mullite
Czech Republic
Sillimanite minerals
Denmark
Sillimanite minerals
Mullite
France
Sillimanite minerals
Mullite
Germany
Sillimanite minerals
Mullite
Greece
Hungary
Sillimanite minerals
Mullite
2 639
1 353
2 089
2 224
3 093
6 683
2 149
40 549
432
53 115
1 955
50 427
1 690
32 683
4 139
5 829
4 227
3 682
4 089
4 132
915
1 567
1 011
1 587
1 124
3 199
792
2 590
386
1 714
3 046
3 209
3 209
1 327
3 110
2 663
3 502
3 831
1 930
2 919
56 555
23 113
2 662
27 232
12 279
505
47 738
47 775
44
48 748
72 049
220
54 045
51 709
94
2 812
1 192
1 892
649
2 100
1 348
2 903
1 854
3 039
1 352
312
Sillimanite minerals
Imports continued
Country
Italy
Sillimanite minerals
Mullite
Netherlands
Sillimanite minerals
Mullite
Norway
Poland
Sillimanite minerals
Mullite
Portugal
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sillimanite minerals
Mullite
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Sillimanite minerals
Mullite
United Kingdom
Sillimanite minerals
Mullite
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
19 422
11 194
38 590
6 582
14 473
16 141
17 937
13 564
11 720
16 084
3 400
18 557
2 702
2 425
21 064
4 359
3 576
51 745
3 456
13 342
64 162
3 208
13 177
34 244
3 626
16 975
3 728
646
1 919
511
7 852
1 040
573
1 812
236
17 956
2 109
466
2 456
363
13 791
2 817
641
2 917
921
17 567
2 757
2 241
844
1 901
26 903
8 006
5 212
1 128
19 824
1 824
2 395
527
27 611
4 934
4 782
1 162
32 091
6 153
5 174
1 596
12 372
2 465
4 225
1 079
4 255
5 280
4 891
3 635
5 466
12 675
6 907
10 733
6 905
8 827
11 920
6 488
7 763
5 255
7 419
8 276
12 485
3 491
10 562
4 588
Note(s)
(1) In this table 'Sillimanite minerals' is understood to include any or all of andalusite, kyanite, sillimanite and mullite
313
Silver
Silver
•
Silver is a ductile and malleable metallic element that has the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of all metals. It is widely used
in electronics although the most important uses are in photography (silver nitrate) and making mirrors.
•
Silver is more common than the other precious metals, although still much rarer than base and ferrous metals. It is rarely mined in its
own right, and is chiefly produced as a by-product of lead, tin or copper mining. Mexico was the world’s largest producer in 2012, with
21 per cent of the total world output. The second and third largest producers were China and Peru (with 14 per cent each), followed by
Australia (seven per cent) and Russia (six per cent).
EU35 Mine production of silver 2012
Spain 1.6%
Sweden 15.2%
Rest of World 91.9%
Turkey 11.6%
EU35 8.1%
Bulgaria 2.7%
Poland 56.4%
Finland 6.3%
Others 6.3%
Mine production of silver
Country
kilograms (metal content)
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Bulgaria
Finland
Greece
Ireland, Republic of
Macedonia
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Serbia (a)
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
* 55 000
69 906
33 500
7 172
* 40 000
1 221 000
26 273
* 18 000
2 300
198
—
293 068
* 294 000
398
* 55 000
70 062
27 500
5 267
* 35 000
1 221 000
20 483
* 18 000
4 424
201
2 200
288 590
351 600
514
* 55 000
64 596
29 000
3 818
* 32 000
1 183 000
20 561
* 18 000
4 384
320
20 800
302 145
348 000
506
* 55 000
73 081
* 29 000
6 109
* 30 000
1 167 000
28 027
* 18 000
7 380
330
29 900
301 959
292 400
531
* 55 000
128 200
* 31 000
9 454
* 31 000
1 149 000
29 890
* 18 000
8 388
441
32 603
309 337
236 400
230
EU35 Total
2 061 000
2 100 000
2 082 000
2 039 000
2 039 000
Note(s)
(a) Smelter and/or refinery production
314
Silver
EU35 Mine production of silver 2008 - 12
Tonnes (metal content)
2 500
2 000
1 500
1 000
500
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Exports of silver
Country
Austria
Metal
Belgium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Bulgaria
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Croatia
Metal
Cyprus
Metal
Czech Republic
Metal
Denmark
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Estonia
Metal
Finland
Metal
France
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Germany
Metal
Greece
Metal
Hungary
Metal
Ireland, Republic of
Metal
Italy
Metal
Lithuania
Metal
Luxembourg
Metal
Malta
Metal
Netherlands
Ores and concentrates
Metal
kilograms
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
95 000
98 600
100 300
136 000
155 200
33 100
41 900
6 200
69 900
12 300
21 800
2 149 800
197 000
1 409 800
311 900
...
36 516
...
58 565
...
37 300
8 900
35 200
...
49 000
163
313
93
839
2 558
...
100
400
1 900
2 500
117 325
77 000
74 600
399 700
187 000
200
18 782
...
37 200
...
30 300
422 100
53 800
1 533 800
30 100
13
955
200
4 600
1 600
3 400
1 680
1 162
1 336
1 084
51 100
215 148
1 597 157
169 806
—
258 205
4 053
511 716
319
392 507
3 012 400
2 169 994
3 397 674
3 368 313
2 984 504
7 400
79 400
19 700
13 900
14 100
139
1 300
3 300
29 200
4 000
...
...
...
263
824
519 148
383 782
715 501
995 384
979 652
600
200
1 100
1 600
2 900
100
—
—
600
11 600
...
...
100
500
500
18 000
208 300
—
196 180
1 458
216 182
6 944
624 589
123
241 614
315
Silver
Exports continued
Country
Norway
Metal
Poland
Metal
Portugal
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Serbia
Metal
Slovakia
Metal
Slovenia
Metal
Spain
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Sweden
Metal
Switzerland
Metal
Turkey
Metal
United Kingdom
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Waste and scrap
kilograms
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
59 381
58 979
57 617
62 849
49 856
1 121 900
1 265 200
1 281 800
1 328 900
1 378 800
13 500
7 876
11 500
580
12 300
3 400
16 300
10 600
15 100
40 600
6 937
3 670
4 355
4 222
3 044
6 061
2 700
39 100
15 100
31 500
8 800
1 600
3 100
3 600
3 800
—
379 675
30
233 084
377
417 381
9 847
383 412
30 748
626 782
521 200
476 300
412 900
428 500
480 100
1 444 198
916 560
1 456 475
1 779 063
77 978
20 897
170 009
144 942
202 886
216 509
192
6 071 009
5 447 491
1 338
943 522
8 412 093
2 035
2 579 909
5 160 290
206
3 937 294
11 649 846
—
3 197 152
19 737 958
Note(s)
(1) This table excludes silver coin but includes silver shipped for minting
(2) In this table the term 'metal' includes both unwrought and partly worked silver and alloys
Imports of silver
Country
Austria
Metal
Belgium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Bulgaria
Metal
Croatia
Metal
Cyprus
Metal
Czech Republic
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Denmark
Metal
Estonia
Metal
Finland
Metal
France
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Germany
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Greece
Metal
316
kilograms
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
441 900
431 500
481 800
804 000
331 500
253 700
351 300
1 567 600
225 700
6 000 300
86 500
7 619 600
71 100
25 085 300
80 200
2 189
871
2 408
4 300
12 800
3 293
2 353
3 212
3 868
3 309
2 863
1 993
1 200
2 200
500
...
1 557 076
5 700
163 316
990 200
136 000
—
1 635 700
—
993 700
51 992
1 873 817
612 600
172 900
66 700
5 800
2 900
3 200
5 000
1 700
44 800
(a)* 47 900
50 681
26 764
19 618
21 300
544 821
4 279
435 001
4 433 810
954 773
8 499
908 080
100 102
612 382
6 024 500
2 668 900
2 581 290
1 784 960
4 002 438
2 322 566
3 493 141
2 434 577
5 279 656
1 858 257
276 100
31 300
29 900
55 100
51 900
Silver
kilograms
Imports continued
Country
Hungary
Metal
Iceland
Metal
Ireland, Republic of
Metal
Italy
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Latvia
Metal
Lithuania
Metal
Luxembourg
Metal
Macedonia
Metal
Malta
Metal
Netherlands
Metal
Norway
Ores and concentrates (a)
Metal
Poland
Metal
Portugal
Metal
Romania
Metal (a)
Slovakia
Metal
Slovenia
Metal
Spain
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Sweden
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Switzerland
Ores and concentrates (a)
Metal
Turkey
Metal
United Kingdom
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Waste and scrap
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
8 354
128 985
196 500
234 100
229 700
858
1 096
909
700
640
29 530
5 316
3 999
5 431
3 571
—
1 167 457
15
881 205
70 440
1 120 080
31 391
729 807
11 644
645 344
1 174
556
791
2 300
1 400
6 900
5 800
6 300
7 800
9 200
7 061
3 738
24 304
11 000
2 800
3 807
2 229
3 294
3 779
2 032
5 455
1 090
128
100
100
265 925
218 279
304 219
338 239
301 089
* 200
67 398
* 5 700
47 040
* 1 100
57 422
* 700
49 727
* 4 700
47 768
95 200
122 900
106 700
78 600
82 800
22 678
18 602
66 900
38 700
22 200
* 9 400
* 8 800
* 27 500
* 8 100
* 15 900
8 200
9 000
55 300
* 47 000
268 700
45 000
17 800
24 100
29 700
25 100
75 633
1 547 747
66 088
754 262
11 317
1 513 257
17 131
828 017
123 171
431 934
(a)* 2 466 000
122 200
2 330 100
85 300
...
83 700
...
90 900
...
94 900
* 9 600
1 520 531
* 100 900
2 136 092
* 55 800
1 746 243
* 15 107 700
2 155 625
* 39 212
2 397 273
154 639
57 700
90 064
209 909
226 227
8 332
3 943 638
4 222 712
1 106
6 649 190
3 311 165
9 737
3 278 015
4 137 096
1 209
3 686 011
13 713 610
6 287
8 525 994
5 946 307
Note(s)
(1) This table excludes silver coin but includes silver shipped for minting
(2) In this table the term 'metal' includes both unwrought and partly worked silver and alloys
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
317
Sulphur and Pyrites
Sulphur and pyrites
•
Sulphur is a fundamental feedstock to the chemical industry, usually as sulphuric acid. The chief sources of sulphur are petroleum
refining, natural gas, base metal sulphide processing and pyrites (iron sulphide).
•
Most industrialised countries in the world have some sulphur production. The largest producers of recovered sulphur in 2012 were the
USA (13 per cent of the total world output), followed by Russia (11 per cent) and China (ten per cent). The largest world producer of
pyrites and sulphur ore was China (with 92 per cent and 95 per cent respectively of the total world output).
EU35 Production of sulphur and pyrites 2012
Others 39.3%
Poland 13.5%
Rest of World 88.3%
Spain 5.9%
EU35 11.7%
Sweden 3.1%
Norway 1.2%
Finland 16.1%
Germany 20.9%
In this graph "Others" includes Belgium, Bulgaria, France, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Turkey and
the United Kingdom in addition to those countries that produced less than one per cent of the EU35 total.
Production of sulphur and pyrites
Country
Austria
Recovered (a)
Denmark
Recovered (a)
Finland
Pyrites
Recovered (b)
Recovered (a)
Germany
Recovered (a)
Recovered (c)
Lithuania
Recovered (a)
Norway
Recovered (b)
Recovered (a)
Poland
Frasch
Recovered (b)
Recovered (a)
Spain
Recovered (b)
Recovered (a)
Sweden
Recovered (b)
Recovered (a)
318
tonnes (sulphur content)
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
48 024
48 624
40 512
48 612
47 572
3 467
4 200
3 246
3 045
3 925
226 000
331 000
117 000
153 600
273 600
127 000
250 000
270 000
122 000
338 000
940 000
133 300
375 000
990 000
* 140 000
1 578 000
39 000
1 504 000
565 000
1 455 000
513 000
1 465 000
542 210
* 1 460 000
493 169
73 870
69 722
73 470
76 699
73 040
* 95 000
28 000
* 90 000
25 000
* 96 000
22 000
* 96 000
19 000
* 96 000
* 20 000
762 119
294 000
215 000
262 769
257 000
214 382
516 742
253 000
250 075
657 100
310 500
259 000
676 500
* 300 000
285 000
551 000
* 100 000
533 000
* 100 000
547 000
* 100 000
490 000
* 100 000
* 450 000
* 100 000
199 600
84 456
186 100
83 646
179 833
83 947
202 289
92 973
194 279
93 442
Sulphur and Pyrites
Production continued
tonnes (sulphur content)
Country
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Other EU35 countries
3 494 000
3 497 000
3 484 000
3 572 000
3 523 000
EU35 Total
Pyrites
Frasch
Recovered
305 000
762 000
7 172 000
233 000
263 000
7 499 000
329 000
517 000
7 415 000
417 000
657 000
8 272 000
454 000
677 000
8 190 000
Note(s)
(1) Other Europe includes: Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia,
Turkey and the United Kingdom
(a) From petroleum refining and/or natural gas
(b) From metal sulphide processing
(c) Other
EU35 Production of sulphur and pyrites 2008 - 12
Thousand tonnes (sulphur content)
10 000
9 000
8 000
7 000
6 000
5 000
4 000
3 000
2 000
1 000
0
2008
2009
2011
2010
2012
Exports of sulphur and pyrites
Country
Austria
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Belgium
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Bulgaria
Sulphur
Croatia
Sulphur
Czech Republic
Sulphur
Denmark
Sulphur
Finland
Pyrites (a)
Sulphur
France
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2 672
3 292
3 906
1 740
472
7 423
2 794
90
1 145
2 887
140
746
2 579
131
2 138
75 305
368
74 232
345
21 533
193
34 087
83
10 274
119
28 993
20 840
40 286
38 097
41 601
7 604
8 664
6 565
14 256
15 801
16 670
20 153
12 124
980
1 852
4
6
12
39
4 814
* 386 000
2 521
* 88 000
35 701
* 198 000
2 715
* 460 000
2 404
* 520 000
2 871
246 005
2 843
313 229
445
296 345
565
248 989
556
237 974
394
319
Sulphur and Pyrites
Exports continued
Country
Germany
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Greece
Pyrites
Sulphur
Hungary
Sulphur
Italy
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Lithuania
Sulphur
Netherlands
Pyrites
Sulphur
Poland
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Portugal
Sulphur
Romania
Pyrites
Sulphur
Serbia
Sulphur
Slovakia
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Slovenia
Sulphur
Spain
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Sweden
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Switzerland
Sulphur
Turkey
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
United Kingdom
Sulphur, crude
Sulphur, refined
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
485
654 808
350
320
681 563
78
755
671 836
271
440
721 717
1 380
342
525 622
274
63 893
16 345
24 429
4 044
28 680
4 594
42
35 279
3 776
167 611
43 649
39 638
44 098
48 616
43 855
10 071
219 095
4 693
6 005
256 614
21 430
13 698
286 954
22 485
16 032
285 891
55 740
11 114
249 274
17 021
1 517
14 038
1 227
403
759
132 802
850 183
10 039
36 898
56 610
480 968
101 114
469 819
84 734
561 995
446 202
27 041
152 484
29 540
402 102
34 752
394 861
26 542
506 641
29 757
7 539
5 737
6 164
9 737
7 065
994
59 030
6 315
49 052
8
55 961
5
58 437
—
54 016
4 424
1 451
2 335
3 571
2 760
71 373
72 613
72 910
82 785
74 817
9 795
3 764
1 016
145
190
116 213
338
198 585
523
138 168
612
361 188
289
438 368
264
5 525
13 128
3 018
12 242
2 768
11 564
3 980
10 344
10 145
5 248
335
4 837
5 310
4 864
2 160
21 289
17 259
6 495
14 769
279 822
21 068
56 143
7 949
59 116
8 757
13 182
27 872
1 144
2 545
38 723
1 902
41 491
1 198
1 349
101 964
3 686
2 151
37 239
14 609
21 385
Note(s)
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Imports of sulphur and pyrites
Country
Austria
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Belgium
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
320
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
3 754
89 038
17 842
1 614
68 881
14 961
3 154
75 065
15 331
3 321
70 892
22 109
3 340
49 910
16 997
611 170
1 852
460 990
750
592 348
621
562 688
473
568 833
558
Sulphur and Pyrites
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Croatia
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Cyprus
Sulphur
Czech Republic
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Denmark
Sulphur
Finland
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
France
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Germany
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Greece
Pyrites
Sulphur
Hungary
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Ireland, Republic of
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Italy
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Latvia
Sulphur
Lithuania
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Luxembourg
Sulphur
Netherlands
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Norway
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Poland
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Portugal
Sulphur
Romania
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Serbia
Sulphur
Slovakia
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Slovenia
Pyrites
Sulphur
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
98 785
4
10 349
51
2 877
105
2 752
156
1 503
142
895
1 011
951
625
604
1 576
43 473
65 242
299
20 986
71 033
250
14 762
82 355
247
14 945
93 289
384
70 008
39 459
2 082
4 447
7 051
6 123
4 173
9 073
450
1 673
6
21 676
3
38 923
4
29 283
43
173
50 092
5 861
159
55 212
403
183
78 366
410
206
92 106
441
136
108 471
481
109 955
53 602
2 964
52 641
38 246
2 856
76 101
44 103
1 649
82 530
51 714
4 363
74 726
34 102
4 637
40 754
42 733
3
26 673
1
42 673
0
80 976
46
31 788
2 105
586
(a)* 1 200
186
3 189
119
1 100
223
981
172
305
74
17
0
...
20 984
48 618
2 711
228
13 305
3 617
13 538
19 263
758
29 746
30 290
732
10 436
22 499
887
9
12 488
24
21
18
293 365
404
319 353
18
326 485
1
298 977
0
293 839
3
5 771
2 981
2 166
1 789
1 432
145 627
55 173
0
2 119
11 430
2
48
49 399
4
1 593
229 496
7
329
80 459
3 736
4 690
12 932
3 102
12 127
2 897
11 515
3 051
11 627
2 725
12 685
5 768
104 300
105
813
35 350
978
1 866
44 939
164
1 255
53 828
387
1 480
30 488
6
2 852
3 366
4 861
3 981
2 726
1 072
2 390
180
1
1 884
1 254
1
2 561
2 062
51
2 965
2 074
12
6 246
1 807
338
621
674
721
635
4 553
1 518
2 462
1 046
3 855
864
3 173
1 510
3 115
735
683
56 381
353
53 615
645
57 411
836
56 490
921
51 225
321
Sulphur and Pyrites
Imports continued
tonnes
Country
Spain
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Sweden
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Switzerland
Pyrites
Sulphur
Turkey
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
United Kingdom
Pyrites
Sulphur, crude
Sulphur, refined
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
1 903
153 575
372
958
24 015
187
1 160
68 214
229
476
44 724
176
384
13 291
300
691
78 784
112
544
21 772
143
874
56 961
200
825
65 296
145
744
42 457
130
...
17 425
...
12 086
...
17 414
...
13 072
131
14 257
224
128 685
321
67
164 034
1 315
480
141 478
592
323
161 866
292
142
151 955
382
704
64
9 574
1 186
104
74
6 211
473
2 581
274
10 201
767
1 734
590
10 391
691
168
1 125
8 670
698
Note(s)
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
Sulphur and pyrites - EU35 trade in 2012
Belgium
Lithuania
Turkey
Czech Republic
France
Netherlands
Germany
Austria
Slovenia
Sweden
Greece
Poland
Finland
Italy
Norway
Switzerland
Spain
United Kingdom
Romania
Denmark
Slovakia
Portugal
Croatia
Hungary
Serbia
Bulgaria
-750
Exports
Imports
-500
-250
0
Thousand tonnes
322
250
500
750
Talc
Talc
•
Talc is a soft hydrous magnesium silicate mineral. It is frequently coloured by the presence of iron-bearing minerals and trace
elements but usually turns white when finely ground. The familiar use of talc as a cosmetic powder is minor compared to industrial
usage. Talc is chiefly used as a filler in paint, plastics, pharmaceuticals, adhesives and rubber. It is also extensively used in ceramics
manufacture and as a filler and coater in the paper industry.
•
China was the world’s largest producer in 2012, with 28 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was India (15 per cent),
followed by USA (eight per cent), South Korea, Mexico and Brazil (all with six per cent each).
EU35 Production of talc 2012
France 36.9%
Rest of World 86.1%
Italy 10.1%
EU35 13.9%
Others 4.0%
Finland 36.6%
Austria 12.4%
Production of talc
Country
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Austria
Finland
France
Greece
Italy
Macedonia
Norway
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Spain
Talc
Pyrophyllite
Sweden
United Kingdom
154 577
527 686
* 420 000
* 200
* 110 000
977
* 30 000
11 657
1 843
—
111 388
375 302
400 000
* 200
* 110 000
682
23 350
11 567
570
—
138 367
419 345
400 000
* 200
* 110 000
1 292
6 392
11 981
296
7 000
132 018
429 494
400 000
* 200
* 110 000
547
8 191
15 462
131
7 000
134 665
396 332
* 400 000
* 200
* 110 000
286
7 983
15 131
13
2 000
59 299
—
4 000
2 410
47 218
—
4 000
2 861
51 897
—
4 000
2 633
11 957
5 600
3 000
3 708
8 857
* 5 000
—
3 667
EU35 Total
1 323 000
1 087 000
1 153 000
1 127 000
1 084 000
323
Talc
EU35 Production of talc 2008 - 12
1 400
1 200
Thousand tonnes
1 000
800
600
400
200
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Exports of talc
Country
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland (a)
France
Germany
Greece
Italy
Macedonia
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
135 390
139 619
386
165
* 320 000
269 771
6 382
3 926
114 017
509
186 688
27 371
829
3 841
1 994
51 180
9 227
1 636
3 129
106 423
112 983
182
269
* 174 000
224 419
3 662
3 898
124 212
528
147 544
23 461
793
2 699
45
29 580
8 032
1 712
2 402
106 271
128 526
169
409
* 222 000
270 494
4 773
2 809
143 236
636
173 042
728
869
4 316
47
11 206
9 014
2 865
3 074
115 967
125 040
298
235
* 259 000
269 518
6 243
4 086
135 418
648
147 492
2 204
744
2 526
38
28 980
8 308
2 711
3 171
121 264
109 253
214
235
* 249 000
271 399
5 274
9 312
140 618
380
150 456
535
830
2 224
25
9 771
4 598
2 635
5 026
Note(s)
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
324
Talc
Imports of talc
tonnes
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
68 797
194 823
1 048
1 709
521
11 007
12 055
331
503
76 147
338 606
12 372
8 875
473
147 549
417
388
207 922
8 020
28 186
26 774
1 971
1 733
2 448
12 860
85 942
45 801
8 756
17 706
53 864
37 648
149 757
747
1 721
290
9 312
8 035
332
525
72 274
293 417
7 862
7 566
1 722
78 506
314
225
94 407
6 517
18 325
18 537
1 105
1 236
1 030
13 756
81 043
28 459
7 987
14 893
39 520
74 554
183 625
512
1 813
307
9 570
7 013
373
1 202
59 722
324 703
8 869
6 786
1 140
100 934
295
270
178 312
8 356
23 331
24 143
2 099
1 616
719
10 793
82 425
25 998
8 490
20 026
50 309
93 985
175 662
985
1 578
267
12 686
6 276
451
1 929
48 155
330 321
8 663
6 226
1 320
115 046
145
190
199 302
8 364
26 212
22 388
2 248
1 270
380
4 489
88 655
22 202
7 666
26 952
53 339
86 891
163 309
956
1 774
133
8 827
6 883
429
1 624
47 883
293 175
13 779
5 319
3 033
111 333
126
154
182 898
8 374
26 430
11 746
2 593
1 432
470
4 413
80 421
22 507
6 975
23 496
57 751
Talc - EU35 trade in 2012
Germany
Netherlands
Belgium
Italy
Austria
Spain
United Kingdom
France
Poland
Turkey
Sweden
Greece
Portugal
Czech Republic
Norway
Switzerland
Denmark
Hungary
Slovenia
Ireland, Republic of
Romania
Croatia
Finland
Serbia
-300
Exports
Imports
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Thousand tonnes
325
Tantalum and Niobium
Tantalum and niobium
•
Tantalum and niobium are sometimes produced from the same ore mineral. Tantalum is also produced from tin refinery slags.
Tantalum is a heavy, very hard, ductile metallic element that has a very high melting point (2996°C) and is strongly resistant to
chemical attack. It is used chiefly in electronic applications, especially in miniature capacitors, such as those in mobile telephones.
Niobium is a soft and ductile metallic element that is used mainly in special steels and superalloys.
•
The largest producer of tantalum (in terms of content) in 2012 was Rwanda (with 27 per cent of the total world output), followed by
Australia (with 17 per cent) and Brazil (15 per cent). The largest producer of niobium was Brazil (> 95 per cent of the total world
output), followed by Canada (with four per cent).
Exports of tantalum and niobium
Country
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Estonia
France
Germany
Lithuania
Netherlands
Portugal
Turkey
United Kingdom
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
20
26
97
67
18
299
31
2
48
...
55
35
2
62
47
37
8
11
4
49
126
72
27
4
95
34
20
18
9
22
98
2
191
29
2
110
76
25
38
18
42
81
—
97
21
2
86
49
41
33
10
19
50
22
336
Note(s)
(1) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Imports of tantalum and niobium
Country
Austria
Czech Republic
Estonia
France
Germany
Hungary
Ireland, Republic of
Lithuania
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
United Kingdom
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
—
253
6
84
188
...
2
38
10
52
83
161
—
141
—
43
67
0
4
24
4
1
22
145
17
265
37
22
231
32
85
12
6
3
41
284
4
222
20
39
376
0
0
13
9
1
44
176
5
175
1
49
221
—
1
4
(a)* 24
—
33
144
Note(s)
(1) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under iron, steel and ferro-alloys
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
326
Tin
Tin
•
Tin is a malleable and ductile metal that is resistant to corrosion. The chief use of tin is to coat metals that are more susceptible to
corrosion, especially steel. It is also widely used as an alloying agent (i.e. with lead to make pewter) and its use in solders is rapidly
growing as it replaces lead. Tin chemicals are used as fungicides and other biocides.
•
China was the world’s largest producer of mined tin in 2012, with 40 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was
Indonesia (31 per cent), followed by Peru (nine per cent), Bolivia (seven per cent) and Brazil (four per cent).
•
China was also the world’s largest producer of refined tin in 2012, with 46 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was
Indonesia (15 per cent), followed by Malaysia (12 per cent), Peru (eight per cent) and Thailand (six per cent).
Mine production of tin
tonnes (metal content)
Country
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Portugal
Spain
29
—
34
—
22
—
39
9
42
69
EU35 Mine production of tin 2008 - 12
125
Tonnes (metal content)
100
75
50
25
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Smelter production of tin
tonnes
Country
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Belgium
9 200
8 700
9 900
10 000
11 400
Note(s)
(1) Figures include both primary and secondary metal
327
Tin
Exports of tin
Country
Austria
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Belgium
Concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Czech Republic
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Estonia
Scrap
Finland
Scrap
France
Concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Germany
Concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Hungary
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Ireland, Republic of
Unwrought
Italy
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Latvia
Scrap
Malta
Scrap
Netherlands
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Norway
Scrap
Poland
Unwrought (a)
Portugal
Unwrought
Scrap
Romania
Unwrought (a)
Slovakia
Unwrought
Spain
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Sweden
Unwrought (a)
Switzerland
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Turkey
Unwrought (a)
328
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
177
141
71
53
60
49
98
56
103
54
161
7 274
2 448
233
42
4 753
5 000
127
127
5 114
6 236
207
95
4 261
6 427
1 195
107
7 428
5 018
308
86
85
76
118
276
44
18
167
7
191
88
124
120
56
121
193
124
142
139
171
16
441
236
654
44
402
140
282
341
423
143
342
89
413
178
532
74
485
145
484
—
1 612
1 530
1 649
163
1 000
1 088
1 129
32
1 253
956
1 440
...
1 348
1 459
1 175
—
1 223
1 352
1 141
140
246
82
222
44
196
43
222
41
268
(a) 34
(a) 23
(a) 689
—
—
392
249
411
154
367
289
383
243
582
240
3
...
175
8
2
250
*1
*3
4
134
2 566
948
157
1 536
558
547
4 043
856
544
3 619
357
465
5 670
314
363
119
12
39
30
30
355
279
408
536
533
—
147
250
9
—
43
31
82
4
200
51
66
68
128
67
107
(a) 9
(a) 8
11
688
433
447
427
2 038
513
376
449
4 543
558
2 436
213
122
163
52
32
114
76
87
136
60
118
16
131
8
169
118
37
79
56
43
Tin
Exports continued
Country
United Kingdom
Concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
254
1 264
532
19 110
61
928
537
22 597
163
1 856
389
13 115
58
1 797
545
4 414
241
2 092
246
3 435
Note(s)
(1) In this table the term 'unwrought' tin corresponds to item 8001 of the Harmonised System and comprises ingots, pigs, unwrought bars,
sticks, etc.
(a) Including alloys
Imports of tin
Country
Austria
Unwrought (a)
Belgium
Concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Bulgaria
Unwrought (a)
Czech Republic
Unwrought (a)
Denmark
Unwrought (a)
Finland
Unwrought (a)
France
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Germany
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Greece
Unwrought (a)
Hungary
Unwrought (a)
Ireland, Republic of
Unwrought (a)
Italy
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Netherlands
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Poland
Concentrates
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Portugal
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Romania
Unwrought (a)
Serbia
Unwrought
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2 679
1 915
2 923
3 403
3 186
318
1 100
2 235
2 422
16
1 350
2 638
2 327
200
1 131
3 289
3 560
488
847
2 785
3 551
253
1 365
3 109
7 001
69
22
47
359
215
802
937
449
651
631
30
13
110
136
195
184
94
188
136
124
6 506
554
588
5 869
207
259
5 787
389
100
5 252
283
61
4 815
266
107
22 160
179
2 243
14 193
175
674
18 684
316
714
21 396
112
1 578
18 865
196
461
265
80
160
211
70
320
208
231
156
205
389
100
157
117
22
4 124
777
79
2 652
360
49
3 828
1 074
60
4 936
533
220
3 375
429
22
11 003
2 540
503
7 071
504
380
13 967
665
606
11 303
505
524
7 453
276
424
...
1 857
1 038
220
1 102
1 664
98
1 317
1 605
...
1 579
2 790
...
1 281
3 689
487
130
308
103
317
100
560
19
435
13
127
114
85
125
91
83
49
60
72
148
329
Tin
Imports continued
Country
Slovakia
Unwrought (a)
Slovenia
Unwrought (a)
Spain
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Sweden
Unwrought (a)
Switzerland
Unwrought (a)
Turkey
Unwrought (a)
United Kingdom
Concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2 276
2 059
2 087
2 120
2 091
87
69
118
70
62
7 313
261
376
5 457
243
441
6 410
172
2 410
5 967
428
5 386
5 744
122
801
555
364
435
189
149
1 093
800
863
737
799
2 603
1 630
2 558
2 707
2 195
0
7 181
400
448
6
4 522
370
121
0
4 327
365
196
0
4 186
396
121
—
3 850
1 113
147
Note(s)
(1) In this table the term 'unwrought' tin corresponds to item 8001 of the Harmonised System and comprises ingots, pigs, unwrought bars,
sticks, etc.
(a) Including alloys
330
Titanium
Titanium minerals
•
The titanium minerals ilmenite and rutile are the main sources of titanium, but a third mineral leucoxene is also produced. Titanium is a
low density, strong and corrosion-resistant metal that is important in the aerospace industry. However, the chief use (> 90 per cent) of
titanium minerals is in the form of titanium dioxide, a white pigment used in paint, plastics, rubber and paper.
•
Canada was the world’s largest producer in 2012, with 22 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Australia (16 per
cent), followed by South Africa (12 per cent), Vietnam and China (with nine per cent each).
EU35 Production of titanium minerals 2012
Rest of World 93.2%
Norway 6.8%
Production of titanium minerals
Country
Norway
Ilmenite
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
915 000
671 000
864 000
870 000
831 000
Note(s)
(1) The figures in this table refer to gross tonnage of titanium concentrates
EU35 Production of titanium minerals 2008 - 12
500
Tonnes (TiO2 content)
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
331
Titanium
Exports of titanium
Country
Austria
Metal
Oxides
Belgium
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Titanium slag
Bulgaria
Metal
Oxides
Croatia
Oxides
Czech Republic
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Denmark
Metal
Oxides
Estonia
Oxides
Finland
Oxides (a)
France
Metal
Oxides
Germany
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Greece
Oxides
Hungary
Metal
Oxides
Italy
Metal
Oxides
Latvia
Metal
Lithuania
Oxides
Netherlands
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Norway
Titanium minerals (a)
Metal
Oxides (a)
Poland
Metal
Oxides
Portugal
Oxides
Romania
Metal
Oxides
Slovakia
Metal
Slovenia
Metal
Oxides
332
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
717
6 444
203
5 344
129
5 956
224
4 794
317
3 965
100 134
1 157
401 906
5 085
58 654
1 087
369 495
...
106 478
895
435 415
...
116 859
1 405
390 405
...
119 931
1 560
345 752
...
835
94
2
677
—
584
849
987
64
408
417
331
117
172
42
641
84
42 860
452
339
46 753
2 378
358
45 842
504
264
45 437
684
384
43 174
152
460
102
442
196
820
125
5 792
194
10 732
579
158
49
164
468
* 106 000
* 86 000
* 88 000
* 80 000
* 66 000
5 391
148 573
4 523
113 798
4 907
129 197
5 333
140 278
5 946
114 715
3 322
8 278
367 545
6 864
5 367
351 872
22 384
9 351
391 981
18 932
13 954
345 661
13 648
12 561
331 757
598
462
773
731
744
23
1 402
11
1 120
55
1 942
37
1 484
68
1 298
5 478
25 982
3 607
23 508
3 248
27 450
4 789
26 181
4 531
22 039
...
—
7
61
42
1 230
502
1 167
965
1 029
1 341
1 551
15 544
13 664
895
36 179
101 840
4 117
31 385
69 170
9 548
11 305
57 796
10 173
14 836
* 435 000
339
* 217 000
* 350 000
227
* 207 000
* 465 000
231
* 35 000
* 441 000
343
* 35 000
* 392 000
243
* 31 000
117
21 509
105
20 937
76
20 996
90
23 401
47
20 201
1 189
1 166
1 091
3 422
5 322
2 469
150
541
560
960
310
550
498
375
536
76
3
49
24
199
40
55 110
23
57 866
171
61 637
346
53 015
356
47 488
Titanium
tonnes
Exports continued
Country
Spain
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Sweden
Metal
Oxides
Switzerland
Metal
Oxides
Turkey
Metal
Oxides
United Kingdom
Metal
Oxides
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
155
947
58 342
25 892
1 018
33 721
2 405
1 928
35 233
650
1 698
48 870
4 011
1 779
51 919
1 002
19 992
717
15 921
925
20 567
1 086
18 331
1 111
16 429
987
1 276
734
1 203
805
1 466
868
1 666
724
1 623
49
2 607
47
2 237
85
2 650
95
3 170
122
2 538
11 155
222 503
9 555
203 873
12 060
208 518
11 926
223 190
11 541
142 135
Note(s)
(1) Significant quantities of titanium slag are traded, but it is not always possible to identify this material in national trade accounts
(2) So far as possible, the term 'oxides', as used in this table, includes oxides and oxide based pigments classified under Harmonised
System items 2823 and 3206.10
(3) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under iron, steel and ferro-alloys
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Imports of titanium
Country
Austria
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Belgium
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Bulgaria
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Croatia
Oxides
Cyprus
Oxides
Czech Republic
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Denmark
Metal
Oxides
Estonia
Metal
Oxides
Finland
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
France
Ilmenite
Other titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Titanium slag
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
520
2 455
30 861
362
1 346
28 258
477
1 381
28 288
580
2 590
32 258
284
3 130
21 255
204 688
3 739
132 327
110 028
2 132
108 582
181 688
1 743
* 314 200
213 276
1 582
114 760
205 930
1 160
97 229
42
203
5 955
105
65
5 329
506
19
5 675
486
46
6 454
735
127
4 593
2 989
2 697
3 000
2 911
206
1 603
1 189
1 299
1 141
783
193 858
1 122
8 765
140 394
918
7 248
155 485
779
8 857
146 778
1 333
9 372
98 071
1 717
7 763
774
17 055
670
17 511
674
20 427
1 723
23 296
1 948
17 706
97
2 106
50
1 349
82
1 409
5
1 724
683
1 921
26 200
97
14 256
8 794
87
12 524
(a)* 20
60
15 571
(a)* 3 154
66
15 533
(b)* 20
81
13 638
58 423
12 531
10 036
128 226
100 782
17 766
11 964
7 282
136 389
92 290
...
(b) 50 893
7 766
148 994
15 218
...
(b) 67 259
10 026
138 687
246
...
(b) 184 385
11 881
123 037
20 762
333
Titanium
Imports continued
Country
Germany
Ilmenite
Other titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Titanium slag
Greece
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Hungary
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Iceland
Metal
Ireland, Republic of
Metal
Oxides
Italy
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Latvia
Oxides
Lithuania
Oxides
Luxembourg
Metal
Oxides
Macedonia
Oxides
Malta
Oxides
Netherlands
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Norway
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Poland
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Portugal
Titanium minerals
Oxides
Romania
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Serbia
Oxides
Slovakia
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Slovenia
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Titanium slag
334
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
446 154
279 407
19 449
281 009
76 107
304 471
212 735
11 649
240 120
42 042
...
(b) 838 768
12 919
309 500
164
...
(b) 794 043
20 233
329 073
2 499
...
(b) 648 030
17 015
264 304
...
399
14
23 260
351
11
19 289
504
74
19 003
396
74
19 447
220
47
12 378
2 659
31
8 590
(b)* 1 200
216
6 853
2 677
84
8 927
2 410
134
8 885
3 038
116
7 325
34
99
100
59
75
1 154
3 961
507
4 308
414
4 922
202
4 312
432
3 924
102 909
7 155
141 959
74 338
3 352
139 071
98 978
4 497
160 361
111 842
9 420
164 708
(b)* 4 132
7 367
137 976
3 112
562
739
693
640
980
1 259
1 947
2 081
2 028
165
1 051
66
1 114
456
1 481
1 842
1 534
786
1 494
426
427
504
502
455
463
470
463
445
346
87 769
1 073
37 101
* 100 000
1 224
40 914
238 199
5 330
43 542
196 960
6 094
52 165
158 679
5 709
2 973
73 307
937
12 241
29 809
389
8 209
45 018
412
10 115
25 003
723
10 376
...
890
8 093
91 208
451
41 019
84 396
264
42 031
105 384
616
46 110
99 055
2 020
54 770
84 143
329
44 098
263
18 800
358
18 456
714
20 486
807
19 813
429
14 788
2 171
453
9 127
1 513
707
7 151
2 095
771
8 733
5 393
541
10 571
1 354
776
7 511
4 548
3 892
3 888
4 498
3 960
...
329
2 389
0
130
2 949
0
956
2 109
1
2 271
2 409
2
643
2 163
34 930
257
3 296
65 180
32 789
233
2 889
66 818
25 081
400
2 917
...
54 387
964
2 884
39 644
20 208
739
2 625
57 097
Titanium
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Spain
Ilmenite
Other titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Titanium slag
Sweden
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Switzerland
Metal
Oxides
Turkey
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
United Kingdom
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Oxides
Titanium slag
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
119 467
9 133
3 131
138 275
10 004
26 512
522
1 735
93 267
...
...
(b) 111 298
2 627
91 822
...
...
(b) 123 284
3 673
90 581
...
...
(b) 99 055
3 411
67 970
...
995
2 391
61 890
726
1 593
53 071
1 854
1 936
61 191
645
2 390
62 054
629
2 245
53 030
1 168
19 550
862
17 086
971
19 725
1 081
22 198
1 177
16 806
7 762
163
106 206
5 628
188
98 100
7 390
298
127 266
9 454
357
144 383
7 328
356
117 269
194 756
32 305
58 747
51 822
158 195
112 091
23 178
53 864
48 931
127 224
90 622
20 681
59 460
52 957
187 913
32 127
69 844
62 311
53 093
...
117 860
33 943
63 058
58 129
—
Note(s)
(1) Significant quantities of titanium slag are traded, but it is not always possible to identify this material in national trade accounts
(2) So far as possible, the term 'oxides', as used in this table, includes oxides and oxide based pigments classified under Harmonised
System items 2823 and 3206.10
(3) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under iron, steel and ferro-alloys
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
(b) Includes ilmenite
Titanium - EU35 trade in 2012
Germany
Italy
France
United Kingdom
Turkey
Belgium
Spain
Sweden
Poland
Austria
Denmark
Switzerland
Portugal
Finland
Greece
Norway
Czech Republic
Romania
Hungary
Bulgaria
Serbia
Ireland, Republic of
Netherlands
Slovenia
Lithuania
-600
Exports
Imports
Oxides
Minerals, ilmenite
and slag
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
Thousand tonnes
335
Tungsten
Tungsten
•
Tungsten is a corrosion-resistant metallic element with an extremely high melting point. Its largest use is as cemented carbides in
cutting tools; it is also used as an alloying agent with steel to make high-speed tool steel, and in superalloys. Its most familiar use is in
light bulb filaments.
•
China was the world’s largest producer in 2012, with 83 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Russia (six per
cent), followed by Canada (three per cent), and Bolivia (two per cent).
EU35 Mine production of tungsten 2012
Portugal 38.8%
Spain 25.2%
Rest of World 97.4%
EU35 2.6%
Austria 35.9%
Mine production of tungsten
tonnes (metal content)
Country
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Austria
Portugal (a)
Spain
1 122
981
194
887
823
284
975
799
303
861
818
425
706
763
496
EU35 Total
2 300
2 000
2 100
2 100
2 000
Note(s)
(a) Wolframite and scheelite
EU35 Mine production of tungsten 2008 - 12
2 500
Tonnes (metal content)
2 000
1 500
1 000
500
0
2008
336
2009
2010
2011
2012
Tungsten
Exports of tungsten
Country
Austria
Metal (a)
Belgium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Carbide
Bulgaria
Metal
Czech Republic
Metal
Carbide
Denmark
Metal
Estonia
Metal
Finland
Metal
France
Metal
Carbide
Germany
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Hungary
Metal
Italy
Metal
Luxembourg
Metal
Netherlands
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Poland
Metal
Portugal
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Spain
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Sweden
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Carbide
Switzerland
Metal
Turkey
Metal
United Kingdom
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Carbide
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
* 1 600
* 4 300
* 3 000
* 2 400
* 2 200
62
405
36
120
422
32
27
723
92
406
368
92
544
657
77
20
2
80
11
12
86
592
30
307
211
803
611
903
1 011
863
121
91
113
118
32
—
—
1
...
61
360
291
450
588
480
676
354
398
261
473
288
589
272
962
353
206
4 687
196
2 655
164
3 119
976
3 064
524
3 618
39
36
54
53
99
973
670
925
1 091
1 060
0
2
203
47
—
29
582
25
133
104
406
0
255
0
119
143
136
154
179
89
1 705
17
1 407
20
1 289
6
1 324
131
1 325
51
286
223
457
156
400
315
981
880
1 074
453
75
328
436
96
431
253
—
289
401
21
218
186
149
122
109
400
239
476
398
400
99
213
139
237
210
21
1 625
51
3
1 541
80
29
1 650
41
35
2 135
597
102
1 674
463
Note(s)
(1) Significant amounts of tungsten are traded in the forms of ammonium paratungstate (APT) and carbide. Though statistics are included
where available, most countries do not separately distinguish these forms in their trade accounts
(2) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under iron, steel and ferro-alloys
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
337
Tungsten
Imports of tungsten
Country
Austria
Metal
Carbide
Belgium
Metal
Bulgaria
Metal
Czech Republic
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Carbide
Denmark
Metal
Finland
Metal
France
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Carbide
Germany
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Carbide
Hungary
Metal
Ireland, Republic of
Metal
Carbide
Italy
Metal
Carbide
Lithuania
Metal
Luxembourg
Carbide
Netherlands
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Carbide
Poland
Metal
Portugal
Metal
Carbide
Romania
Metal
Slovakia
Metal
Spain
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Carbide
Sweden
Metal
Carbide
Switzerland
Metal
Turkey
Metal
338
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
435
...
369
568
632
1 268
1 471
1 241
1 017
1 076
401
326
402
321
202
9
26
86
16
30
...
206
...
...
4 184
...
...
677
150
314
367
219
799
968
88
110
105
51
41
32
296
205
403
567
456
353
898
859
1
547
311
2
867
359
4
1 027
583
14 619
619
551
967
5 184
2 526
821
3 313
1 333
1 029
7 168
2 544
843
8 094
3 105
381
6 946
2 478
54
31
54
67
56
215
158
68
108
91
68
76
186
121
116
255
350
147
103
496
279
552
440
656
240
1
—
1
156
52
983
465
7
2
—
457
329
94
(a)* 900
71
42
(a)* 1 200
206
18
(a)* 3 100
209
15
(a)* 3 400
211
23
103
87
124
96
69
251
169
193
46
277
110
206
106
151
79
1 122
22
79
50
63
55
43
366
5 398
5 331
11
731
31
147
681
13
44
426
25
15
216
51
17
506
35
588
904
175
233
179
1 308
302
2 050
538
852
272
105
143
226
234
34
34
74
70
71
Tungsten
Imports continued
tonnes
Country
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
United Kingdom
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Carbide
11
1 865
1 023
35
1 477
614
2
1 676
1 111
25
1 999
3 622
3
1 888
1 245
Note(s)
(1) Significant amounts of tungsten are traded in the forms of ammonium paratungstate (APT) and carbide. Though statistics are included
where available, most countries do not separately distinguish these forms in their trade accounts
(2) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under iron, steel and ferro-alloys
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
339
Vanadium
Vanadium
•
Vanadium is a soft, ductile, metallic element that is very corrosion resistant. The chief use is as an additive in alloy steels where it
imparts strength and corrosion resistance. Other uses are in titanium alloys and as a catalyst.
•
Mine production was confined to five countries in 2012: China (52 per cent of the total world output), South Africa (26 per cent),
Russia (20 per cent), Kazakhstan and USA. In the USA vanadium is a significant by-product from the refining of heavy crude oils.
Exports of vanadium
Country
Belgium
Ores and concentrates
Pentoxide
Germany
Pentoxide
Italy
Ores and concentrates
Lithuania
Ores and concentrates
Netherlands
Pentoxide
Spain
Pentoxide
Turkey
Pentoxide
United Kingdom
Pentoxide
Metal
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
327
8
131
47
...
80
...
...
...
65
1 173
...
...
...
...
217
385
...
...
...
358
...
...
...
...
45
102
122
186
328
4
26
22
774
26
200
119
—
24
—
589
2
487
18
694
23
6
...
—
...
Note(s)
(1) In this table the term 'pentoxide' also includes vanadium oxides and hydroxides, if any
(2) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Imports of vanadium
Country
Austria
Vanadiferous residues
Ores and concentrates
Belgium
Ores and concentrates
Pentoxide
Czech Republic
Pentoxide
France
Pentoxide
Germany
Ores and concentrates
Pentoxide
Greece
Ores and concentrates
Italy
Ores and concentrates
Pentoxide
Netherlands
Pentoxide
Spain
Ores and concentrates
Pentoxide
340
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
* 36 000
460
* 35 000
...
* 46 000
...
* 46 000
...
* 46 000
...
200
38
123
94
...
123
...
95
...
364
5 135
2 702
5 255
7 004
8 672
674
371
574
605
429
60
879
...
(a)* 400
...
(a)* 1 000
...
(a)* 700
...
(a)* 1 300
...
80
...
...
...
255
173
18
45
...
53
...
45
...
117
227
27
204
888
558
9
43
22
50
...
115
...
52
...
56
Vanadium
Imports continued
Country
United Kingdom
Pentoxide
Metal
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
344
314
84
112
5
197
17
376
21
261
Note(s)
(1) In this table the term 'pentoxide' also includes vanadium oxides and hydroxides, if any
(2) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under iron, steel and ferro-alloys
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
341
Zinc
Zinc
•
Zinc is a metal that is brittle at ordinary temperatures but malleable at temperatures above 100ºC. It is corrosion resistant and this
property is exploited in its chief use as a steel coating (galvanising). Its other main uses are as zinc die-castings and alloyed with
copper to make brass, which is widely used in the electrical, engineering and construction industries.
•
China was the world’s largest producer of mined zinc in 2012, with 36 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was
Australia (11 per cent), followed by Peru (nine per cent), India (six per cent) and USA (five per cent).
•
China was also the world’s largest producer of refined zinc in 2012, with 38 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was
South Korea (seven per cent), followed by India (six per cent), Canada and Japan (five per cent each).
EU35 Mine production of zinc 2012
Sweden 19.1%
Spain 2.9%
Portugal 3.0%
Rest of World 92.7%
Turkey 19.9%
Poland 7.8%
EU35 7.3%
Others 5.0%
Macedonia 2.8%
Finland 5.3%
Ireland 34.2%
Mine production of zinc
tonnes (metal content)
Country
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Bulgaria (a)
Finland
Greece
Ireland, Republic of
Macedonia
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Serbia
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
12 819
27 800
24 200
398 200
38 737
132 400
37 900
14
2 400
—
187 987
126 800
9 339
30 233
17 800
385 700
38 648
115 500
501
* 3 000
2 700
5 900
192 502
136 300
9 904
55 562
18 400
342 500
32 872
107 700
6 422
* 7 700
2 600
17 323
198 687
196 400
10 977
64 115
21 200
344 000
28 132
87 200
4 227
* 9 000
3 100
33 197
194 021
158 300
12 116
52 200
20 800
337 000
28 037
76 700
30 006
* 8 400
7 500
28 634
188 325
195 793
EU35 Total
989 000
938 000
996 000
957 000
986 000
Note(s)
(a) Metal content of ore
Thousand tonnes (metal content)
EU35 Mine production of zinc 2008 - 12
342
1 200
1 000
800
600
400
200
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Zinc
EU35 Production of slab zinc 2012
Norway 7.1%
Netherlands 12.0%
Poland 6.5%
Rest of World 83.0%
Italy 4.5%
EU35 17.0%
Spain 24.7%
Germany 7.9%
France 7.5%
Belgium 11.7%
Finland 14.7%
Bulgaria 3.4%
Production of slab zinc
tonnes
Country
Belgium
Bulgaria
Finland
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Romania
Spain
EU35 Total
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
251 000
101 700
297 722
118 000
292 284
107 100
250 000
145 469
142 600
61 978
466 000
137 000
92 700
295 049
161 000
* 153 000
103 400
224 000
138 973
139 100
1 000
515 000
260 000
93 800
307 144
162 000
165 000
104 700
264 000
148 862
135 000
—
517 100
282 000
88 400
307 352
164 000
170 000
110 200
261 000
153 200
144 100
—
527 100
250 000
73 100
314 742
161 000
169 000
97 200
257 000
152 647
138 300
—
528 300
2 234 000
1 960 000
2 158 000
2 207 000
2 141 000
EU35 Production of slab zinc 2008 - 12
2 500
Thousand tonnes
2 000
1 500
1 000
500
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
343
Zinc
Exports of zinc
Country
Austria
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Belgium
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Bulgaria
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Croatia
Scrap
Czech Republic
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Denmark
Scrap
Estonia
Scrap
Finland
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
France
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Germany
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Greece
Ores and concentrates
Hungary
Scrap
Ireland, Republic of
Ores and concentrates
Italy
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Latvia
Scrap
Luxembourg
Scrap
Macedonia
Ores and concentrates
Scrap
Montenegro
Ores and concentrates
Netherlands
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Norway
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
344
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
13 794
8 176
5 703
6 052
8 532
5 757
9 776
8 583
6 410
8 591
733 794
8 359
...
15 585
785 125
13 590
...
16 644
749 582
155 654
...
14 540
725 335
296 197
154 258
11 652
859 086
277 418
140 766
15 063
7 982
96 678
1 293
2 076
87 008
2 226
22
81 332
1 949
1 607
71 894
2 021
—
57 768
2 185
700
708
518
676
764
17 258
2 705
19 982
2 716
5 148
4 798
5 147
4 189
7 407
4 432
2 028
2 622
2 563
2 468
2 617
2 860
1 065
509
637
410
1 238
257 411
964
1 426
268 893
1 012
22 479
266 738
1 369
50 656
265 686
1 215
39 555
271 313
1 066
78 398
31 601
5 073
43 770
39 350
64 773
9 362
45 986
49 652
79 727
1 851
51 755
54 609
105 934
2 549
42 736
62 111
80 747
1 938
42 231
1 835
70 724
28 835
51 801
888
63 165
24 163
68 648
1 674
52 483
31 857
74 208
73 980
55 518
31 170
75 168
39 533
59 913
29 775
73 200
43 003
21 311
14 660
36 016
51 007
1 902
2 978
2 821
2 314
1 897
404 303
594 268
588 143
660 259
647 444
99 121
7 967
2 857
8 603
48 051
5 258
3 491
12 334
98 211
11 071
6 377
16 427
71 471
16 570
9 385
13 006
84 569
14 737
10 029
7 151
443
975
587
459
779
315
423
1 134
739
698
...
576
69 509
479
60 369
739
51 545
313
51 154
103
...
...
499
6 579
9 120
0
244 789
23 932
19 815
425
133 994
22 041
* 11 900
12 182
166 281
42 182
32 543
132 344
122 532
52 382
25 629
90 253
213 479
39 626
28 277
130 397
9 227
128 416
6 107
122 649
19 889
119 770
29 094
115 789
28 188
Zinc
Exports continued
Country
Poland
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Portugal
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Romania
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Serbia
Ores and concentrates
Scrap
Slovakia
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Slovenia
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Spain
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Sweden
Ores and concentrates
Scrap
Switzerland
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Turkey
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
United Kingdom
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
58 035
83 571
3 606
430
45 877
84 833
4 699
1 617
4 213
96 142
6 280
902
0
105 552
6 939
960
0
105 929
6 541
533
75 414
1 307
2 910
371
849
1 646
7 438
151
940
2 201
734
755
67 881
1 723
5 736
503
59 395
442
24 528
8 004
1 615
15 375
657
711
17 592
776
597
16 745
454
672
21 140
63
10 699
330
14 921
120
23 247
67
22 559
907
14 600
10 412
12 871
11 365
7 903
13 075
2 836
7 001
3 421
10 336
1 937
975
1 469
517
2 725
933
918
832
367
1 104
121 688
191 897
92 781
6 210
40 118
216 633
62 544
26 675
82 009
318 527
91 054
37 362
122 429
351 354
35 318
15 625
133 939
359 605
38 229
8 283
389 473
2 898
395 616
1 840
362 085
2 900
374 501
3 257
343 725
3 166
1 078
2 445
524
2 574
415
2 582
258
2 846
117
2 284
253 573
498
468
272 559
451
1 929
392 725
666
1 536
316 714
1 704
2 997
412 744
2 130
2 960
246
3 883
28 408
5 699
11 418
3 600
13 578
6 030
8 405
3 580
14 561
14 903
9 714
2 724
12 737
12 545
5 561
1 823
13 580
9 897
Note(s)
(1) In this table the term 'unwrought' zinc corresponds to item 7901 of the Harmonised System and comprises blocks, pigs, slabs, etc.
(a) Including alloys
Imports of zinc
Country
Austria
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Belgium
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Bulgaria
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (b)
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
61 877
33 911
210
37 864
27 886
596
37 560
34 411
298
47 394
38 759
4 827
51 634
34 920
9 832
(a)* 805 000
205 745
8 075
40 657
(a)* 444 500
237 741
13 299
61 433
1 129 207
189 980
10 613
68 233
1 182 797
280 492
11 844
66 665
1 194 208
267 917
30 383
57 765
146 655
5 095
147 579
2 480
167 107
1 761
166 553
2 765
132 500
6 878
345
Zinc
Imports continued
Country
Croatia
Unwrought (b)
Czech Republic
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Denmark
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Estonia
Unwrought (b)
Finland
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (b)
France
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Germany
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Greece
Unwrought (b)
Hungary
Unwrought (b)
Ireland, Republic of
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (b)
Scrap
Italy
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Latvia
Unwrought (b)
Lithuania
Unwrought (b)
Luxembourg
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Macedonia
Unwrought (b)
Netherlands
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Norway
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (b)
Poland
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Portugal
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Romania
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (b)
Scrap
346
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
4 656
3 149
3 029
2 886
2 847
36 733
11 344
2 792
24 660
7 155
2 434
15 121
11 653
900
17 137
10 590
909
19 064
11 947
583
12 591
910
6 063
771
4 427
1 310
6 023
763
6 877
923
7 676
1 595
5 978
8 887
4 987
582 049
4 242
532 036
3 705
559 918
4 374
547 265
1 471
558 963
1 146
238 502
164 172
45 480
3 694
241 976
128 674
27 000
4 604
222 580
131 993
34 205
3 003
234 060
151 988
34 022
3 853
288 110
126 771
32 075
23 591
383 789
305 075
89 738
17 395
271 554
285 965
36 350
16 782
285 331
380 807
57 563
23 694
344 106
398 086
69 972
25 853
324 954
365 788
64 642
25 536
28 996
25 422
22 534
11 358
11 341
17 011
9 862
11 767
12 818
12 856
76 922
5 185
1 268
15
2 210
—
8
2 104
—
8
2 358
—
6
2 058
—
161 838
179 691
81 350
15 369
155 028
118 424
22 194
15 315
184 192
245 254
34 595
27 740
153 982
244 557
39 554
36 491
186 715
164 716
31 434
36 134
1 256
830
383
249
662
563
190
460
1 049
1 063
5 831
537
6 049
237
9 232
475
6 819
533
7 461
550
4 954
4 147
5 213
4 920
4 611
430 617
155 003
24 062
6 270
320 568
104 253
15 791
8 274
391 050
254 953
19 827
12 653
355 644
227 277
13 356
9 283
445 698
221 680
8 029
6 759
243 213
3 286
209 649
1 612
228 828
1 376
250 537
1 013
260 442
2 313
150 283
26 811
11 906
6 378
130 258
18 498
8 922
3 907
115 561
53 983
7 610
7 188
97 225
49 569
10 045
10 421
178 780
47 314
11 622
11 060
19 551
4 617
12 830
4 018
15 757
4 522
13 299
3 967
11 135
4 601
161 527
7 394
55
12
10 523
—
3
16 664
246
—
17 006
439
24
16 883
1 628
Zinc
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Serbia
Unwrought
Slovakia
Unwrought (b)
Slovenia
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Spain
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Sweden
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Switzerland
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Turkey
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
United Kingdom
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
8 209
4 178
4 846
5 275
5 344
41 003
28 863
37 266
34 536
27 313
14 881
8 938
16 766
6 180
15 314
5 850
14 495
7 374
12 916
6 623
1 114 634
26 779
15 000
7 396
909 078
16 091
9 230
3 127
1 003 388
7 583
15 627
10 935
977 695
16 841
11 050
23 205
1 069 671
6 091
7 235
9 620
29 211
12 059
1 696
29 750
2 691
1 208
37 524
5 905
226
30 598
6 282
336
24 686
5 907
44
13 715
2 471
9 431
1 549
15 521
2 276
12 747
2 158
11 702
1 930
147 215
4 091
1 381
137 765
1 714
181
182 598
2 876
161
201 409
6 504
44
224 683
5 261
95
119 911
8 524
103
84 594
1 869
344
97 066
2 973
447
85 516
9 306
339
77 847
8 917
412
Note(s)
(1) In this table the term 'unwrought' zinc corresponds to item 7901 of the Harmonised System and comprises blocks, pigs, slabs, etc.
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
(b) Including alloys
Zinc ore - EU35 trade in 2012
Belgium
Spain
Finland
Netherlands
Germany
France
Norway
Italy
Exports
Poland
Bulgaria
Imports
United Kingdom
Romania
Ireland, Republic of
Greece
Montenegro
Portugal
Serbia
Sweden
Turkey
Macedonia
-1,000
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
Thousand tonnes
347
Zinc
Zinc - EU35 trade in 2012
Germany
Belgium
Turkey
Netherlands
Italy
France
United Kingdom
Austria
Exports
Poland
Czech Republic
Sweden
Slovakia
Slovenia
Romania
Portugal
Switzerland
Imports
Spain
Hungary
Greece
Luxembourg
Denmark
Bulgaria
Serbia
Estonia
Macedonia
Metal
Croatia
Scrap
Norway
Ireland, Republic of
Finland
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
Thousand tonnes
348
200
300
400
500
Zirconium
Zirconium minerals
•
The mineral zircon (zirconium silicate) is the principal zirconium commodity. Due to its very high melting temperature and chemical
stability, it is used as a refractory in furnace and ladle linings, foundry sands and ceramic manufacture. Zirconium metal manufacture
is a very small part of total output.
•
Zircon is recovered from heavy mineral sands, typically as a co-product with titanium minerals. Australia was the world’s largest
producer in 2012, with 41 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was South Africa (26 per cent), followed by USA
(eight per cent), Indonesia (seven per cent) and Madagascar (five per cent).
Exports of zirconium
Country
Belgium
Concentrates
Metal
France
Concentrates
Germany
Concentrates (a)
Metal
Italy
Concentrates
Metal
Netherlands
Concentrates
Spain
Concentrates
Metal
Sweden
Metal
United Kingdom
Concentrates
Metal
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
16 056
157
28 907
125
17 417
187
12 021
272
13 246
186
1 440
1 243
2 044
4 973
1 708
* 12 000
625
* 7 300
386
* 10 800
384
* 10 800
792
* 7 500
735
41 296
233
33 219
274
41 784
136
44 252
34
11 012
137
8 223
4 639
11 091
13 351
9 959
14 151
525
13 581
746
28 166
51
29 952
3
14 360
64
144
118
90
137
95
716
61
742
19
1 405
90
1 661
102
818
213
Note(s)
(1) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under iron, steel and ferro-alloys
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Imports of zirconium
Country
Austria
Concentrates
Belgium
Concentrates
Metal
Bulgaria
Concentrates
Czech Republic
Concentrates
Metal
France
Concentrates
Metal
Germany
Concentrates (a)
Metal
Hungary
Concentrates
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2 163
1 298
1 680
1 994
1 344
17 337
433
28 897
213
17 469
370
12 317
480
12 682
309
1 081
573
781
609
95
751
101
268
45
303
37
955
34
595
24
55 030
456
25 087
553
25 310
326
35 922
687
25 784
436
* 27 047
791
* 24 985
664
* 26 967
798
* 29 153
676
* 20 059
956
2 439
1 265
2 455
1 765
1 965
349
Zirconium
Imports continued
tonnes
Country
Ireland, Republic of
Concentrates
Italy
Concentrates
Metal
Netherlands
Concentrates
Metal
Poland
Concentrates
Portugal
Concentrates
Romania
Metal
Slovenia
Concentrates
Spain
Concentrates
Metal
Sweden
Concentrates
Metal
Turkey
Concentrates
United Kingdom
Concentrates
Metal
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
3 976
1 323
16 162
886
146
129 999
130
53 845
226
98 214
144
81 360
184
40 897
135
24 694
240
11 027
* 70
23 981
188
43 560
297
17 070
211
833
340
648
488
670
8 162
5 620
5 475
4 048
2 386
136
301
35
41
1
548
227
330
273
176
152 604
136
95 103
83
149 442
132
143 493
97
63 341
124
832
185
248
218
419
220
368
120
123
146
4 844
2 918
4 823
4 770
3 268
13 092
521
6 386
203
8 450
411
14 709
616
8 928
482
Note(s)
(1) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under iron, steel and ferro-alloys
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
Zirconium concentrates - EU35 trade in 2012
Spain
Italy
France
Germany
Netherlands
Belgium
United Kingdom
Turkey
Exports
Portugal
Hungary
Austria
Poland
Imports
Czech Republic
Slovenia
-20
350
0
Thousand tonnes
20
40
60
80
Other Mineral Commodities
Borates
•
Borates is a general term for a range of boron-containing minerals of which borax (tincal), ulexite, colemanite and datolite are the most
commercially significant. These minerals are processed via boron trioxide to boric acid. The chief use of borate minerals is in glass
manufacture (in particular fibreglass) and ceramics.
•
Economic concentrations of borates form in unusual geological environments and so production is restricted to a few countries. Of
these, Turkey was the world’s largest producer in 2012, with 45 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was USA
(22 per cent), followed by Argentina (ten per cent), Chile (eight per cent) and Russia (seven per cent).
Production of borates
tonnes
Country
Turkey
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2 139 224
1 687 102
1 910 000
2 711 831
* 2 700 000
Nepheline syenite
•
Nepheline syenite is an igneous rock composed chiefly of feldspar and nepheline (one of a family of minerals called feldspathoids).
The chief uses are similar to those for feldspar, i.e. in the manufacture of glass, in ceramics and as a filler.
•
Economic concentrations form in rare geological environments and only a few countries are known to produce nepheline syenite.
Russia was the largest known producer in 2012, followed by Canada and Norway.
Production of nepheline syenite
tonnes
Country
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Norway
346 000
270 000
327 000
330 000
320 000
Perlite
•
Perlite is a silicate mineral that results from the alteration of natural glass with the chemical composition of granite. Upon heating the
mineral swells and dewaters — resulting in a sudden increase in volume accompanied by a decrease in density. It has remarkable
thermal insulation properties, porosity, chemical stability, low flammability, high heat resistance and high sound absorption. It is chiefly
used in building materials.
•
China was the world’s largest producer in 2012, with an estimated 19 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was
Greece (also with 19 per cent), followed by Turkey (18 per cent), Iran (15 per cent) and USA (12 per cent).
Production of perlite
tonnes
Country
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Bulgaria
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Slovakia
Turkey
7 400
1 000 000
132 000
* 60 000
25 000
551 266
14 800
862 935
82 058
* 60 000
25 000
522 832
—
760 000
70 990
* 60 000
23 000
737 077
—
720 000
70 900
* 60 000
23 000
642 657
3 700
680 000
* 70 000
* 60 000
24 000
* 650 000
351
Other Mineral Commodities
Selenium metal
•
Selenium is a light, weakly toxic, metalloid. Selenium has a wide range of uses; the largest is in glass-making where it acts as a
decolouriser, and it is also used in ceramics, pigments, electronics, animal feed supplement and in base-metal alloys. Its former major
use in photocopiers has declined as it has been replaced by other materials.
•
Selenium is most commonly produced as a by-product of copper refining. Japan was the world’s largest producer in 2012, with 36 per
cent of the total world output. The second largest was Germany (11 per cent), followed by Belgium (nine per cent), Russia (eight per
cent), Canada and Kazakhstan (with six per cent each).
Production of selenium metal
tonnes
Country
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Belgium
Finland
Germany
Poland
Sweden
* 200
65
* 250
82
139
* 200
59
* 230
80
129
* 200
73
* 250
79
72
* 200
86
* 250
85
* 70
* 200
93
* 250
90
* 70
Strontium minerals
•
Strontium is a soft metallic element. The most common strontium mineral is celestite (strontium sulphate). This is frequently converted
into strontium carbonate before marketing. Strontium compounds are also used in pyrotechnics and flares, ceramic ferrite magnets,
pigments and fillers, and in glass (particularly the glass for televisions screens).
•
China was the world’s largest producer in 2012, with 80 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Spain (ten per
cent), followed by Mexico and Iran (five per cent each).
Production of strontium minerals
Country
Spain
Turkey
tonnes
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
138 590
* 1 600
57 466
—
83 035
—
97 102
—
84 818
—
Note(s)
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Germany and Poland are believed to produce strontium minerals
352
Other Mineral Commodities
Uranium
•
Uranium is a dense metallic element. It is chiefly used as the fuel source for nuclear power stations. Uranium ore is milled and
processed into ‘yellowcake’ (a uranium oxide), which is the chief form in international trade. Yellowcake is converted to uranium
hexafluoride, which is then enriched to enable it to be used as a fuel.
•
Kazakhstan was the world’s largest producer in 2012, with 36 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Canada
(16 per cent), followed by Australia (12 per cent), Niger (eight per cent) and Namibia (seven per cent).
Mine production of uranium
Country
Czech Republic
Germany
Romania
tonnes (metal content)
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
290
—
* 77
286
—
* 75
259
*8
* 77
252
52
* 77
222
50
* 90
Note(s)
(1) Excluding uranium production from decommissioning operations in France, Germany and Spain
Wollastonite
•
Wollastonite (calcium metasilicate) is a commercially important mineral because of its bladed (acicular) crystals. It is used as filler in
plastics, ceramics, paint and friction products and as an asbestos substitute.
•
China was the world’s largest producer in 2012, with 50 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was India (25 per cent),
followed by USA (12 per cent), Mexico (nine per cent), Finland and Spain (with two per cent each).
Production of wollastonite
tonnes
Country
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Finland
Spain
15 600
10 100
9 200
7 000
12 100
6 000
11 500
7 417
* 11 500
10 918
Note(s)
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Turkey is believed to produce wollastonite
353
Price £30