泛美国际
Name_
Date
• A na l o g i e s 1
Level 8
Directions: Choose the pair of words that
best express a relationship similar to that
of the original pair. Then write the bridge
Example:
Bridge Type: Lack
#) SELFISH : COMPASSION
A)
B)
C)
D)
sentence(s) to the right.
Someone who is selfish lacks compassion.
Someone who is childish lacks maturity.
genuine : authenticity
serious : passion
childish : maturity
irresponsible : attention
Bridge Type: Part to Whole
1) CONCLUSION : ESSAY
A)
B)
C)
D)
theme : song
meal : dessert
parade : party
scene : play
Bridge Sentence:
A conclusion is part of an essay.
A
is part of a
.
Bridge Type: Function
2) LOCKER : STORAGE
A)
B)
C)
D)
telephone : communication
wallet : cash
pencil : paper
lake : moisture
Bridge Sentence:
A locker is used for storage.
A
is used for
.
Bridge Type: Degree
3) EXCRUCIATING : PAINFUL
A)
B)
C)
D)
baffling : confusing
upsetting : exciting
improving : hopeful
crippling : stressful
Bridge Sentence:
Something that is excruciating is very painful.
Something that is
.
is very
Bridge Type: Definition (Antonyms)
4) FAME : OBSCURITY
A)
B)
C)
D)
peace : harmony
music : art
knowledge : wisdom
sorrow : joy
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
Bridge Sentence:
Fame is the opposite of obscurity.
is the opposite of
.
1
Bridge Type: Characteristic
5) HEIRLOOM : INHERITED
A)
B)
C)
D)
ship : wooden
sermon : religious
newspaper : popular
coupon : valuable
Bridge Sentence:
A characteristic of an heirloom is to be
inherited.
.
Bridge Type: Function
6) SUNSCREEN : SUNBURN
A)
B)
C)
D)
hope : tornado
vaccination : disease
carelessness : accident
dream : sleep
Bridge Sentence:
Sunscreen is used to prevent sunburn.
.
Bridge Type: Type/Kind
7) ALUMINUM : METAL
A)
B)
C)
D)
limerick : poetry
mathematics : numbers
rain : season
water : thirst
Bridge Sentence:
Aluminum is a type of metal.
.
Bridge Type: Definition (Antonyms)
8) ACTIVE : IDLE
A)
B)
C)
D)
Bridge Sentence:
challenging : difficult
dramatic : tragic
brief : lengthy
scholarly : studious
.
.
Bridge Type: Lack
9) HASTY : PATIENCE
A)
B)
C)
D)
Bridge Sentence:
unskilled : magic
terrified : logic
unqualified : credentials
gullible : belief
.
.
Bridge Type: Characteristic
10) KLUTZ : CLUMSY
A)
B)
C)
D)
priest : evil
cold : contagious
car : broken
vegetable : green
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
Bridge Sentence:
.
.
2
Answers and Explanations
1) D
A conclusion is part of an essay. A scene is part of a play. Therefore (D) is correct.
2) A
A locker is used for storage. A telephone is used for communication. Therefore (A) is correct.
3) A
Something that is excruciating is very painful. Something that is baffling is very confusing. Therefore (A) is correct.
4) D
Obscurity is the quality of being unknown or hidden. Thus, fame is the opposite of obscurity. Sorrow is sadness or grief. Thus,
sorrow is the opposite of joy or happiness. Therefore (D) is correct.
5) B
An heirloom is an object that is passed from generation to generation in a family. Thus, a characteristic of an heirloom is to be
inherited. A sermon is a speech from a preacher. Thus, a characteristic of a sermon is to be religious. Therefore (B) is correct.
6) B
Sunscreen is used to prevent sunburn. Vaccination is used to prevent disease. Therefore (B) is correct.
7) A
Aluminum is a type of metal. A limerick is a type of poetry. Therefore (A) is correct.
8) C
Active is the opposite of idle or inactive. Brief, or short, is the opposite of lengthy. Therefore (C) is correct.
9) C
Hasty means rushed or hurried. Thus, someone who is hasty lacks patience. Credentials are qualifications. Thus, someone
who is unqualified lacks credentials. Therefore (C) is correct.
10) B
A klutz is an awkward person who lacks grace or coordination. Thus, a characteristic of a klutz is to be clumsy. Contagious means
able to be spread to others. A characteristic of a cold is to be contagious. Therefore (B) is correct.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
3
泛美国际
Name_
Date
• A na l o g i e s 2
Level 8
Directions: Choose the pair of words that
best express a relationship similar to that
of the original pair. Then write the bridge
Example:
Bridge Type: Lack
#) SELFISH : COMPASSION
A)
B)
C)
D)
sentence(s) to the right.
Someone who is selfish lacks compassion.
Someone who is childish lacks maturity.
genuine : authenticity
serious : passion
childish : maturity
irresponsible : attention
Bridge Type: Characteristic
1) EPIDEMIC : WIDESPREAD
A)
B)
C)
D)
artist : idealistic
island : lonesome
emergency : urgent
intention : challenged
Bridge Sentence:
A characteristic of an epidemic is to be
widespread.
A characteristic of an
_.
is to be
Bridge Type: Part to Whole
2) NOTE : MELODY
A)
B)
C)
D)
bone : skeleton
movie : film
meal : restaurant
career : job
Bridge Sentence:
A note is part of a melody.
A
is part of a
.
Bridge Type: Function
3) LIFEJACKET : BOAT
A)
B)
C)
D)
medicine : disease
seatbelt : plane
shield : sword
hat : helmet
Bridge Sentence:
A lifejacket is used for safety on a boat.
A
is used for safety on a
_.
Bridge Type: Degree
4) DEVOUT : RELIGIOUS
A)
B)
C)
D)
hyper : energetic
depressed : angry
fit : strong
cruel : strange
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
Bridge Sentence:
Someone who is devout is very religious.
Someone who is
_.
is very
1
Bridge Type: Definition (Antonyms)
5) HIDDEN : VISIBLE
A)
B)
C)
D)
spicy : delicious
flimsy : sturdy
tasteful : classy
elevated : escalated
Bridge Sentence:
Something that is hidden is not visible.
.
Bridge Type: Other
6) COUGH : COLD
A)
B)
C)
D)
fever : issue
problem : solution
disagreement : argument
room : hotel
Bridge Sentence:
A cough is symptomatic of a cold.
.
Bridge Type: Function
7) VEINS : CIRCULATE
A)
B)
C)
D)
calculators : think
boots : sprint
laws : enforce
ornaments : decorate
Bridge Sentence:
Veins are used to circulate.
.
Bridge Type: Type/Kind
8) ASSASSINATION : MURDER
A)
B)
C)
D)
Bridge Sentence:
document : certificate
beverage : drink
relay : race
technology : robot
.
.
Bridge Type: Definition (Antonyms)
9) IGNITE : EXTINGUISH
A)
B)
C)
D)
Bridge Sentence:
harvest : plant
rest : relax
investigate : trust
remove : confiscate
.
.
Bridge Type: Lack
10) ELDERLY : YOUTH
A)
B)
C)
D)
Bridge Sentence:
famous : popularity
rational : proof
smug : satisfaction
well : illness
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
.
.
2
Answers and Explanations
1) C
An epidemic is a disease that has spread to many people. Thus, a characteristic of an epidemic is to be widespread. Urgent
means pressing or important. Thus, a characteristic of an emergency is to be urgent. Therefore (C) is correct.
2) A
A melody is the main part of a song. Thus, a note is part of a melody. A bone is part of a skeleton. Therefore (A) is correct.
3) B
A lifejacket is used for safety on a boat. A seatbelt is used for safety on a plane. Therefore (B) is correct.
4) A
Someone who is devout is very religious. Someone who is hyper is very energetic. Therefore (A) is correct.
5) B
Something that is hidden is not visible. Something that is flimsy is not sturdy or strong. Therefore (B) is correct.
6) C
A cough is a symptom of a cold. A disagreement is symptomatic of an argument. Therefore (C) is correct.
7) D
Veins are used to circulate blood throughout the body. Ornaments are used to decorate. Therefore (D) is correct.
8) C
An assassination is a type of murder. A relay is a type of race. Therefore (C) is correct.
9) A
To ignite something is to set it on fire. To extinguish a fire is to put it out. Thus, the opposite of to ignite is to extinguish. To harvest
is to collect a mature crop for consumption. Thus, the opposite of to harvest is to plant. Therefore (A) is correct.
10) D
Someone who is elderly lacks youth. Someone who is well lacks illness. Therefore (D) is correct.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
3
泛美国际
Name_
Date
• A na l o g i e s 3
Level 8
Directions: Choose the pair of words that
best express a relationship similar to that
of the original pair. Then write the bridge
sentence(s) to the right.
Someone who is selfish lacks compassion.
Someone who is childish lacks maturity.
Example:
Bridge Type: Lack
#) SELFISH : COMPASSION
A)
B)
C)
D)
genuine : authenticity
serious : passion
childish : maturity
irresponsible : attention
Bridge Type: Definition (Antonyms)
1) HONOR : DISGRACE
A)
B)
C)
D)
comfort : pleasure
safety : peril
sanity : sense
anger : rage
Bridge Sentence:
Honor is the opposite of disgrace.
is the opposite of
.
Bridge Type: Characteristic
2) WHISPER : QUIET
A)
B)
C)
D)
folktale : traditional
whip : evil
disease : curable
meal : satisfying
Bridge Sentence:
A characteristic of a whisper is to be quiet.
A characteristic of a
_.
is to be
Bridge Type: Part to Whole
3) ISLAND : ARCHIPELAGO
A)
B)
C)
D)
anchor : aircraft
archive : album
ocean : iceberg
article : newspaper
Bridge Sentence:
An island is part of an archipelago.
An
is part of a(n)
_.
Bridge Type: Type/Kind
4) PATIENCE : VIRTUE
A)
B)
C)
D)
essay : story
currency : credit
denial : reaction
faith : religion
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
Bridge Sentence:
Patience is a type of virtue.
is a type of
_.
1
Bridge Type: Other
5) KISS : AFFECTION
A)
B)
C)
D)
smile : fear
joke : importance
message : information
television : actors
Bridge Sentence:
A kiss is used to convey affection.
.
Bridge Type: Function
6) NETWORK : CONNECT
A)
B)
C)
D)
statue : memorialize
funeral : eliminate
telephone : hear
device : create
Bridge Sentence:
A network is used to connect.
.
Bridge Type: Degree
7) DEVASTATED : DAMAGED
A)
B)
C)
D)
Bridge Sentence:
unusual : weird
unkind : hurtful
incredible : mundane
prevalent : common
.
.
Bridge Type: Type/Kind
8) ALGEBRA : MATHEMATICS
A)
B)
C)
D)
Bridge Sentence:
rain : precipitation
bronze : metal
tradition : culture
trade : economy
.
.
Bridge Type: Lack
9) UNINHIBITED : RESTRAINT
A)
B)
C)
D)
Bridge Sentence:
overweight : shape
unhealthy : control
intelligent : thought
generous : selfishness
.
.
Bridge Type: Definition (Antonyms)
10) OFFER : REQUEST
A)
B)
C)
D)
damage : repair
enjoy : entertain
experience : participate
endure : continue
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
Bridge Sentence:
.
.
2
Answers and Explanations
1) B
Honor is the opposite of disgrace. Safety is the opposite of peril or danger. Therefore (B) is correct.
2) A
A characteristic of a whisper is to be quiet. A characteristic of a folktale is to be traditional. Therefore (A) is correct.
3) D
An archipelago is a collection of islands. Thus, an island is part of an archipelago. An article is part of a newspaper. Therefore
(D) is correct.
4) C
A virtue is a good or honorable trait. Thus, patience is a virtue. Denial is the act of declaring something to be untrue, even
though it may be true. Thus, denial is a type of reaction. Therefore (C) is correct.
5) C
A kiss is used to convey affection or fond feelings. A message is used to convey information. Therefore (C) is correct.
6) A
A network is used to connect. A statue is used to memorialize or commemorate. Therefore (A) is correct.
7) D
Something that is devastated is very damaged. Something that is prevalent is very common. Therefore (D) is correct.
8) A
Algebra is a type of mathematics. Precipitation is any water, snow, or ice that falls from the sky to the ground. Thus, rain is a
type of precipitation. Therefore (A) is correct.
9) D
Someone who is uninhibited lacks restraint. Someone who is generous lacks selfishness. Therefore (D) is correct.
10) A
To offer is the opposite of to request. To damage is the opposite of to repair. Therefore (A) is correct.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
3
泛美国际
Name_
Date
• Antonyms 1
Level 8
Directions: Choose the word that is most nearly opposite in meaning to the word in capital letters.
1. AGONY
6. MISUNDERSTAND
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
comfort
anguish
success
grief
security
grasp
analyze
nurture
instruct
reminisce
2. MYRIAD
7. SUBSEQUENT
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
mass
scarcity
void
excess
pyramid
consequential
illogical
later
former
consistent
3. GRATIFY
8. MANUAL
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
puncture
coddle
disappoint
fatigue
thrill
improved
antiquated
standard
industrialized
automated
4. CULTIVATE
9. JUSTIFY
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
labor
neglect
renounce
further
cede
explain
rationalize
apologize
pardon
invalidate
5. MULTIPLY
10. PUNISHMENT
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
bisect
accumulate
lessen
deliver
add
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
profit
purgatory
penalty
bounty
abuse
1
Answers and Explanations
1) A
The word agony means extreme physical or mental suffering. Someone who is in a great deal of pain is experiencing
agony. The opposite of agony is being free of mental or physical pain. Because comfort is a state of being free of pain,
choice (A) is correct.
(B) is incorrect because anguish is severe mental or physical pain. This is synonymous with agony, not the opposite of it.
(C) is incorrect because success is the achievement of a goal. This is not the opposite of agony.
(D) is incorrect because grief is sorrow. This is not the opposite of agony.
(E) is incorrect because security is the state of being free from threat. This is not the opposite of agony.
2) B
The word myriad means an extremely great number. If there is a myriad of reasons not to do something, then there are a
great number of reasons to not do it. The opposite of myriad is small in number. Because scarcity means a small quantity
or the state of not having enough of something, choice (B) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because a mass is a large amount. This is synonymous with myriad, not the opposite of it.
(C) is incorrect because a void is a completely empty space. This is not the opposite of myriad, because its meaning is too
limited and extreme.
(D) is incorrect because excess is an amount of something that is more than necessary. This is practically synonymous
with myriad, not the opposite of it.
(E) is incorrect because a pyramid is a monumental structure with a square base and sides that slant to meet at a point at
the top. This is not the opposite of myriad.
3) C
The word gratify means to give pleasure or satisfaction. Anything that provides comfort can gratify someone. The opposite
of gratify is to cause pain or not give pleasure. Because disappoint means to fail to fulfill someone’s hopes or to not
please someone, choice (C) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because puncture means to make a hole in something. This is not the opposite of gratify.
(B) is incorrect because coddle means to treat in an overprotective way. This is not the opposite of gratify.
(D) is incorrect because fatigue means to tire out or exhaust. This is not the opposite of gratify, because something that
brings someone pleasure might also exhaust him or her.
(E) is incorrect because thrill means to excite. This is not the opposite of gratify.
4) B
The word cultivate means to grow or nurture for growth. When one plants and cares for the crops he or she planted, he or
she is cultivating said crops. The opposite of cultivate is to harm or not nurture into growing. Because neglect means to
fail to care for properly, choice (B) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because labor means to work. This is not the opposite of cultivate.
(C) is incorrect because renounce means to formally declare one’s abandonment of a principle or belief. This is not the
opposite of cultivate.
(D) is incorrect because further means to advance or help the growth of. This is practically synonymous with cultivate, not
the opposite of it.
(E) is incorrect because cede means to give up territory. This is not the opposite of cultivate.
5) C
The word multiply means to greatly increase in quantity. When one’s problems multiply, one acquires many more troubles.
The opposite of multiply is to reduce in quantity. Because lessen means to decrease in number or size, choice (C) is
correct.
(A) is incorrect because bisect means to split into two equal parts. This is not the opposite of multiply, because splitting
something into two pieces does not decrease its overall size.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
2
(B) is incorrect because accumulate means to gradually gather or increase in quantity. This is practically synonymous with
multiply, not the opposite of it.
(D) is incorrect because deliver means to hand over something. This is not the opposite of multiply.
(E) is incorrect because add means to increase in size. This is similar in meaning to multiply, not the opposite of it.
6) A
The word misunderstand means to fail to correctly interpret. When one misinterprets something someone else says, he or
she misunderstands it. The opposite of misunderstand is to understand. Because grasp means to comprehend firmly,
choice (A) is correct.
(B) is incorrect because analyze means to examine methodically and in detail. This is not the opposite of misunderstand,
because one can analyze something and still not correctly interpret it.
(C) is incorrect because nurture means to care for and encourage the growth of. This is not the opposite of
misunderstand.
(D) is incorrect because instruct means to teach. This is not the opposite of misunderstand.
(E) is incorrect because reminisce means to indulge in enjoyable recollection of past events. This is not the opposite of
misunderstand.
7) D
The word subsequent means occurring afterward. New Year’s Day is the holiday that occurs subsequently after New
Year’s Eve. The opposite of subsequent is occurring first or before. Because former means occurring previously in time,
choice (D) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because consequential means following as a result or effect. This is practically synonymous with
subsequent, not the opposite of it.
(B) is incorrect because illogical means lacking sense. This is not the opposite of subsequent.
(C) is incorrect because later means occurring afterward. This is synonymous with subsequent, not the opposite of it.
(E) is incorrect because consistent means unchanging over time. This is not the opposite of subsequent.
8) E
The word manual means done with the hands or not automatic. For example, a task such as chopping wood with an axe
is manual labor. The opposite of manual is automatic. Because automated means controlled by automation, choice (E) is
correct.
(A) is incorrect because improved means to make better. This is not the opposite of manual.
(B) is incorrect because antiquated means old-fashioned or no longer used. This is not the opposite of manual.
(C) is incorrect because standard means accepted as normal or average. This is not the opposite of manual.
(D) is incorrect because industrialized means having industry or manufacturing on a wide level. This is not the opposite of
manual, because having industry is not synonymous with being automated or automatic.
9) E
The word justify means to prove to be right or reasonable. For example, one might justify a decision by proving the logic
behind it. The opposite of justify is to prove not right or unreasonable. Because invalidate means to make something
erroneous or prove something to be unsound, choice (E) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because explain means to clarify or make clearer by describing something in more detail. This is not the
opposite of justify.
(B) is incorrect because rationalize means to attempt to explain something using logical reasons. This is practically
synonymous with justify, not the opposite of it.
(C) is incorrect because apologize means to express regret for something one has done wrong. This is not the opposite of
justify.
(D) is incorrect because pardon means to forgive. This is not the opposite of justify.
10) D
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
3
The word punishment means the infliction of a penalty as a result of an offense committed. For example, a prison term is
a punishment for many crimes. The opposite of punishment is a reward. Because a bounty is a gift or reward, choice (D)
is correct.
(A) is incorrect because a profit is a financial gain earned through a business. This is not the opposite of punishment,
because money earned through a business is not synonymous with a reward.
(B) is incorrect because purgatory is mental anguish or suffering. This is not the opposite of punishment.
(C) is incorrect because a penalty is a punishment inflicted for committing a crime. This is synonymous with punishment,
not the opposite of it.
(E) is incorrect because abuse is cruel and violent treatment of a person or animal. This is not the opposite of punishment.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
4
泛美国际
Name_
Date
• Antonyms 2
Level 8
Directions: Choose the word that is most nearly opposite in meaning to the word in capital letters.
1. AMNESTY
6. WONDROUS
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
dismissal
pardon
forgiveness
doom
blame
unsurprising
astounding
unexpected
astonishing
commonplace
2. ANXIETY
7. POMPOUS
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
annoyance
unity
harmony
relief
torment
uppity
humble
plain
grandiose
intricate
3. RADICAL
8. MOTLEY
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
liberal
obsolete
conservative
progressive
typical
uniform
multicolored
various
similar
drab
4. CHARITY
9. FLOURISH
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
corruption
generosity
gift
theft
vice
overflow
seep
dwindle
deprecate
sap
5. FROSTY
10. TYRANNY
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
sweltering
chilly
lukewarm
humid
nippy
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
fascism
democracy
totalitarianism
theocracy
despotism
1
Answers and Explanations
1) E
The word amnesty means forgiveness or pardon. If a group of political prisoners receives amnesty, they are officially
cleared of blame or guilt in the eyes of the law. The opposite of amnesty is accusations or assignments of guilt. Because
blame means responsibility or guilt for a fault or wrong, choice (E) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because dismissal means permission to leave. This is not the opposite of amnesty.
(B) is incorrect because pardon means forgiveness or excusal. This is synonymous with amnesty, not the opposite of it.
(C) is incorrect because forgiveness means is the quality of not feeling angry or resentful toward someone for an offense.
This is practically synonymous with amnesty, not the opposite of it.
(D) is incorrect because doom means condemnation to death. This is not the opposite of amnesty, as it is too extreme in
meaning.
2) D
The word anxiety means worry or nervousness. Going to the dentist may cause anxiety if you are afraid that he or she will
drill your teeth and cause you pain. The opposite of anxiety is comfort. Because relief is a feeling of reassurance following
release from anxiety, choice (D) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because an annoyance is a thing that irks or annoys someone. This is practically synonymous with
anxiety, not the opposite of it.
(B) is incorrect because unity is the state of togetherness or being joined as a whole. This is not the opposite of anxiety.
(C) is incorrect because harmony is agreement or concord. This is not the opposite of anxiety, because an agreement
does not necessarily prevent anxiety.
(E) is incorrect because torment is severe mental or physical suffering. This is not the opposite of anxiety.
3) C
The word radical means advocating extensive change or reform. A radical political activist is one who works to alter the
political system, especially through revolution. The opposite of radical is not advocating change. Because conservative
means advocating traditional values and beliefs, choice (C) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because liberal means open to new behavior. This is nearly synonymous with radical, not the opposite of
it.
(B) is incorrect because obsolete means out of date or no longer used. This is not the opposite of radical.
(D) is incorrect because progressive means favoring social change or reform. This is nearly synonymous with radical, not
the opposite of it.
(E) is incorrect because typical means characteristic of a particular person or thing. This is not the opposite of radical.
4) D
The word charity means the voluntary giving of money to those in need. When one donates a quarter to a homeless
person, he or she is practicing charity. The opposite of charity is taking money. Because theft is stealing or taking what is
not one’s own property, choice (D) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because corruption is dishonest conduct by those in power. This is not the opposite of charity.
(B) is incorrect because generosity is the quality of being kind and generous. This is practically synonymous with charity,
not the opposite of it.
(C) is incorrect because a gift is something given willingly without payment. This is practically synonymous with charity,
not the opposite of it.
(E) is incorrect because vice is immoral behavior. This is not the opposite of charity, because charity is not synonymous
with moral behavior.
5) A
The word frosty means cold and covered in frost. Winters tend to be frosty. The opposite of frosty is hot. Because
sweltering means uncomfortably hot, choice (A) is correct.
(B) is incorrect because chilly means cold. This is nearly synonymous with frosty, not the opposite of it.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
2
(C) is incorrect because lukewarm means tepid or only moderately warm. This is not the opposite of frosty, because its
meaning is not extreme enough.
(D) is incorrect because humid means moist or marked by a high level of water vapor in the atmosphere. This is not the
opposite of frosty.
(E) is incorrect because nippy means rather cold. This is synonymous with frosty, not the opposite of it.
6) E
The word wondrous means amazing or marvelous. A spectacular sight such as a breathtaking mountain panorama would
be described as wondrous. The opposite of wondrous is dull or not amazing. Because commonplace means ordinary or
not unusual, choice (E) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because unsurprising means not unexpected. This is not the opposite of wondrous, because something
surprising is not necessarily amazing or wondrous.
(B) is incorrect because astounding means notable or impressive. This is practically synonymous with wondrous, not the
opposite of it.
(C) is incorrect because unexpected means not regarded as likely to happen. This is not the opposite of wondrous.
(D) is incorrect because astonishing means amazing. This is synonymous with wondrous, not the opposite of it.
7) B
The word pompous means affectedly self-important or arrogant. Someone who tries to affect an image of being high class
might be pompous. The opposite of pompous is modest or unassuming. Because humble means modest, choice (B) is
correct.
(A) is incorrect because uppity means self-important or arrogant. This is synonymous with pompous, not the opposite of it.
(C) is incorrect because plain means unadorned. This is not the opposite of pompous, because being adorned and being
arrogant are not synonymous.
(D) is incorrect because grandiose means impressively magnificent in style. This is not the opposite of pompous.
(E) is incorrect because intricate means complex. This is not the opposite of pompous.
8) A
The word motley means made up of disparate or mismatched parts. A group of soldiers wearing completely different
uniforms from one another would be a motley crew. The opposite of motley is homogeneous or the same throughout.
Because uniform means identical or of a similar form throughout, choice (A) is correct.
(B) is incorrect because multicolored means of several colors. This is practically synonymous with motley, not the
opposite of it.
(C) is incorrect because various means different from one another. This is synonymous with motley, not the opposite of it.
(D) is incorrect because similar means alike but not identical. This is not the opposite of motley, because being alike is not
synonymous with being identical throughout.
(E) is incorrect because drab means dull or cheerless. This is not the opposite of motley.
9) C
The word flourish means to prosper or develop rapidly and successfully. If a new species of plant flourishes somewhere, it
is quickly spreading throughout the area. The opposite of flourish is not to prosper or grow. Because dwindle means to
diminish gradually in size or strength, choice (C) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because overflow means to be in excess. This is not the opposite of flourish.
(B) is incorrect because seep means to flow or leak slowly through a porous material. This is not the opposite of flourish.
(D) is incorrect because deprecate means to express disapproval. This is not the opposite of flourish.
(E) is incorrect because sap means to weaken. This is not the opposite of flourish, because to weaken and is not the
same thing as to decrease in size.
10) B
The word tyranny means a cruel and oppressive government or rule. The citizens of a tyrannical government have very
few rights. The opposite of tyranny is a government that is not cruel or oppressive. Because democracy is a government
by the people in which citizens have many rights, choice (B) is correct.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
3
(A) is incorrect because fascism is a governmental system marked by complete devotion to the nation-state and a dictator
who controls everything. This is practically synonymous with tyranny, not the opposite of it.
(C) is incorrect because totalitarianism is a centralized government in which the people are subservient to the state. This
is practically synonymous with tyranny, not the opposite of it.
(D) is incorrect because theocracy is a system of government in which priests rule in the name of God. This is not the
opposite of tyranny.
(E) is incorrect because despotism is the cruel and oppressive exercise of absolute power. This is practically synonymous
with tyranny, not the opposite of it.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
4
泛美国际
Name_
Date
• Antonyms 3
Level 8
Directions: Choose the word that is most nearly opposite in meaning to the word in capital letters.
1. BUSTLE
6. CONCEAL
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
convenience
agitation
inactivity
comfort
commotion
expose
shroud
recall
harbor
obscure
2. ADJUNCT
7. STERILE
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
principal
associate
servant
partner
delegate
arid
fruitful
undeveloped
greasy
disheveled
3. ZEALOUS
8. REMAIN
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
sassy
relaxed
enthusiastic
indifferent
possessed
emigrate
endure
abide
vanish
retreat
4. VESTIGE
9. BUCKLE
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
sliver
plethora
evidence
fragment
panorama
purify
adulterate
straighten
arc
droop
5. DICTATE
10. CALLOUS
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
ask
interrogate
demand
inquire
request
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
insolent
soulless
flexible
tough
compassionate
1
Answers and Explanations
1) C
The word bustle means excited activity or movement. Crowded city streets might be full of bustle. The opposite of bustle
is unexcited movement or a lack of action. Because inactivity means a lack of activity, choice (C) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because convenience is the state of being able to proceed with something without much difficulty. This is
not the opposite of bustle.
(B) is incorrect because agitation is a state of anxiety. This is not the opposite of bustle.
(D) is incorrect because comfort is a state of physical ease. This is not the opposite of bustle, because being exciting is
not synonymous with being difficult.
(E) is incorrect because commotion is a state of confused and noisy disturbance. This is practically synonymous with
bustle, not the opposite of it.
2) A
The word adjunct means a person associated with secondary status or rank. An assistant might be someone else’s
adjunct. The opposite of adjunct is a person associated with a higher status or rank. Because a principal is a chief or
head, choice (A) is correct.
(B) is incorrect because an associate is a person who actively shares in a business or enterprise. This is not the opposite
of adjunct, because an associate can be of equal or lesser rank to another person.
(C) is incorrect because a servant is a person who performs duties for others. This is not the opposite of adjunct.
(D) is incorrect because a partner is a person who takes part in an undertaking with others. This is not the opposite of
adjunct, because partners can be of equal, higher, or lower rank than each other.
(E) is incorrect because a delegate is a person sent or authorized to represent others at a conference. This is not the
opposite of adjunct.
3) D
The word zealous means passionate. A zealous supporter of a candidate would be very excited about the candidate and
devoted to him or her. The opposite of zealous is passionless or uncaring. Because indifferent means lacking in interest or
care, choice (D) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because sassy means lively or bold. This is not the opposite of zealous.
(B) is incorrect because relaxed means free from tension. This is not the opposite of zealous, as passion and tension
have no direct relationship.
(C) is incorrect because enthusiastic means excited. This is synonymous with zealous, not the opposite of it.
(E) is incorrect because possessed means controlled by an evil spirit. This is not the opposite of zealous.
4) B
The word vestige means a trace amount of something that has disappeared. A vestige of hope would be the scant bit of
hope that remains in a worsening situation. The opposite of vestige is an abundance of something. Because a plethora is
a large amount, choice (B) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because a sliver is a small piece of something. This is practically synonymous with vestige, not the
opposite of it.
(C) is incorrect because evidence is a sign or indication of something. This is not the opposite of vestige.
(D) is incorrect because a fragment is a tiny piece of something. This is practically synonymous with vestige, not the
opposite of it.
(E) is incorrect because a panorama is a wide or complete view or presentation of something. This is not the opposite of
vestige, because it is too specific in meaning.
5) E
The word dictate means to lay down authoritatively. When one dictates something, he or she is demanding it. The
opposite of dictate is to ask for in an undemanding way. Because request means to politely or formally ask for something,
choice (E) is correct.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
2
(A) is incorrect because ask means to question. This is not the opposite of dictate, because asking is not necessarily
polite.
(B) is incorrect because interrogate means to aggressively question someone for information. This is not the opposite of
dictate.
(C) is incorrect because demand means to ask authoritatively or require. This is synonymous with dictate, not the opposite
of it.
(D) is incorrect because inquire means to seek information by questioning. This is not the opposite of dictate, because
inquiring is not necessarily polite.
6) A
The word conceal means to cover up or hide. One might use makeup to conceal a blemish on his or her face. The
opposite of conceal is to uncover or leave uncovered. Because expose means to uncover or make something visible,
choice (A) is correct.
(B) is incorrect because shroud means to cover up. This is synonymous with conceal, not the opposite of it.
(C) is incorrect because recall means to bring back into one’s mind. This is not the opposite of conceal.
(D) is incorrect because harbor means to secretly keep in one’s mind. This is not the opposite of conceal.
(E) is incorrect because obscure means to hide or keep from being seen. This is synonymous with conceal, not the
opposite of it.
7) B
The word sterile means barren or unable to produce offspring. When a dog is spayed or neutered, it becomes sterile,
since it can no longer create puppies. The opposite of sterile is able to produce offspring. Because fertile means
productive or capable of producing offspring, choice (B) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because arid means extremely dry. This is not the opposite of sterile.
(C) is incorrect because undeveloped means immature or not fully grown. This is not the opposite of sterile.
(D) is incorrect because greasy means covered with an oily substance. This is not the opposite of sterile.
(E) is incorrect because disheveled means disordered. This is not the opposite of sterile.
8) D
The word remain means to stay or continue to exist. If a species remains alive in a certain area, then that means there are
at least a few living members of that species in the area. The opposite of remain is to leave or disappear. Because vanish
means to disappear without a trace, choice (D) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because emigrate means to leave one’s own country in order to settle permanently in another. This is not
the opposite of remain, because it is too specific in meaning.
(B) is incorrect because endure means to continue or survive. This is practically synonymous with remain, not the
opposite of it.
(C) is incorrect because abide means to continue without fading or being lost. This is practically synonymous with remain,
not the opposite of it.
(E) is incorrect because retreat means to move back or withdraw, especially from an invading army. This is not the
opposite of remain, because it is too specific in meaning.
9) C
The word buckle means to bend and give way under pressure. For example, if a bridge were past capacity, it might
buckle, resulting in collapse. The opposite of buckle is to become straighter or not bend. Because straighten means to
make straight, choice (C) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because purify means to remove contaminants from or make clean. This is not the opposite of buckle.
(B) is incorrect because adulterate means to make impure. This is not the opposite of buckle.
(D) is incorrect because arc means to curve. This is practically synonymous with buckle, not the opposite of it.
(E) is incorrect because droop means to sag or bend. This is practically synonymous with buckle, not the opposite of it.
10) E
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3
The word callous means insensitive or possessing disregard for others. Someone who is callous does not care at all
about other people’s feelings. The opposite of callous is sensitive or sympathetic of others. Because compassionate
means showing sympathy and concern for others, choice (E) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because insolent means rude or disrespectful. This is not the opposite of callous.
(B) is incorrect because soulless means lacking human feelings or qualities. This is practically synonymous with callous,
not the opposite of it.
(C) is incorrect because flexible means not rigid. This is not the opposite of callous.
(D) is incorrect because tough means able to endure hardship or pain. This is not the opposite of callous.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
4
泛美国际
Name_
Date
• Reading Comprehension 1
Level 8
Directions: Read the passage. Then answer the questions below.
Right now, I am looking at a shelf full of relics, a collection of has-beens, old-timers, antiques,
fossils. Right now I am looking at a shelf full of books. Yes, that's right. If you have some spare cash (the
going rate is about $89) and are looking to enhance your reading experience, then I highly suggest you
consider purchasing an e-reader. E-readers are replacing the books of old, and I welcome them with
open arms (as you should).
If you haven't heard of an e-reader and don't know what it is, then please permit the following
explanation. An e-reader is a device that allows you to read e-books. An e-book is a book-length
publication in digital form, consisting of text, images, or both, and produced on, published through, and
readable on computers or other electronic devices. Sometimes the equivalent of a conventional printed
book, e-books can also be born digital. The Oxford Dictionary of English defines the e-book as "an
electronic version of a printed book," but e-books can and do exist without any printed equivalent.
So now you know what an e-reader is. But you still may be wondering why they put printed books
to shame. E-readers are superior to printed books because they save space, are environmentally friendly,
and provide helpful reading tips and tools that printed books do not.
E-readers are superior to printed books because they save space. The average e-reader can
store thousands of digital books, providing a veritable library at your fingertips. What is more, being the
size and weight of a thin hardback, the e-reader itself is relatively petite. It is easy to hold and can fit in a
pocketbook or briefcase easily. This makes handling ponderous behemoths such as War and Peace,
Anna Karenina, and Les Misérables a breeze. Perhaps the only drawback to the space-saving aspect of
an e-reader is that it requires you to find new things to put on your shelves.
In addition, e-readers are superior to books because they are environmentally friendly. The
average novel is about 300 pages long. So, if a novel is printed 1000 times, it will use 300,000 pieces of
paper. That's a lot of paper! If there are about 80,000 pieces of paper in a tree, this means it takes almost
4 trees to make these 1000 books. Now, we know that the average bestseller sells about 20,000 copies
per week. That means that it takes over 300 trees each month to sustain this rate. And for the super
bestsellers, these figures increase dramatically. For example, the Harry Potter book series has sold over
450 million copies. That's about 2 million trees! Upon viewing these figures, it is not hard to grasp the
severe impact of printed books on the environment. Since e-readers use no trees, they represent a
significant amount of preservation in terms of the environment and its resources.
Finally, e-readers are superior to books because they provide helpful reading tips and tools that
printed books do not. The typical e-reader allows its user to customize letter size, font, and line spacing. It
also allows highlighting and electronic bookmarking. Furthermore, it grants users the ability to get an
overview of a book and then jump to a specific location based on that overview. While these are all nice
features, perhaps the most helpful of all is the ability to get dictionary definitions at the touch of a finger.
On even the most basic e-reader, users can conjure instant definitions without having to hunt through a
physical dictionary.
It can be seen that e-readers are superior to printed books. They save space, are environmentally
friendly, and provide helpful reading tips and tools that printed books do not. So what good are printed
books? Well, they certainly make nice decorations.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
1
Questions
1) As used in paragraph 1, it can be inferred that "relics,” “has-beens, old-timers, antiques, fossils" are
all words that describe something
A.
B.
C.
D.
ancient
useless
outdated
pathetic
2) The tone of the author can best be described as
A.
B.
C.
D.
shrewd
conniving
persuasive
authoritative
3) According to the author, e-books
I. were all once printed books
II. may be "born digital"
III. are able to display images
A.
B.
C.
D.
I only
I and II only
II and III only
I, II, and III
4) As used in paragraph 3, which of the following describes something that has been "put to shame"?
A. A dog is left outside on a frigid, dreary winter night.
B. Team A defeats Team B in a humiliating rout.
C. Martha is caught stealing at the mall and is arrested in front of a crowd of curious bystanders.
D. The machine has countless moving parts and Dustin has trouble assembling it.
5) A thesis statement is a sentence that clearly describes what the author plans to discuss. Based on
this information, which of the following sentences from the passage is the thesis statement?
A. If you have some spare cash (the going rate is about $89) and are looking to enhance your
reading experience, then I highly suggest you consider purchasing an e-reader.
B. E-readers are replacing the books of old, and I welcome them with open arms (as you should).
C. An e-reader is a device that allows you to read e-books. An e-book is a book-length publication in
digital form, consisting of text, images, or both, and produced on, published through, and
readable on computers or other electronic devices.
D. E-readers are superior to printed books because they save space, are environmentally friendly,
and provide helpful reading tips and tools that printed books do not.
6) Based on its use in paragraph 4, it can be inferred that petite belongs to which of the following word
families?
A.
B.
C.
D.
jubilant, euphoric, playful
compact, diminutive, little
cute, attractive, charming
light, airy, spacious
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
2
7) Based on information in the passage, it can be inferred that War and Peace, Anna Karenina, and Les
Misérables are all
A.
B.
C.
D.
authored by Europeans
dense and impenetrable
timeless classics
awkward or unwieldy
8) As used in paragraph 5, which is the best synonym for sustain?
A.
B.
C.
D.
maintain
allow
enforce
yield
9) Which of the following, if true, would present the biggest challenge to the author's argument set forth
in paragraph 5?
A. Books are not made only from whole trees, but from wood chips and forest waste as well.
B. The natural resources required to read an e-book on an e-reader are greater than the natural
resources required to make a printed book.
C. The results of a recent survey show that people who read e-books are more likely to be distracted
during their reading and remember less of the book.
D. Although the printing of the extremely popular Harry Potter book series had significant
environmental impact, the Harry Potter movie series cost almost no trees to make and was also
very well-liked.
10) According to the author, which of the following reading tips and tools are offered by the e-reader?
I. line spacing customization
II. the ability to quickly jump to the end of a book
III. access to an online thesaurus at the touch of a finger
A.
B.
C.
D.
I only
I and II only
II and III only
I, II, and III
11) Which of the following best describes the organization of this passage?
A.
B.
C.
D.
introduction, thesis statement, supporting paragraphs, conclusion
history, thesis statement, supporting paragraphs, conclusion
advertisement, background, introduction, supporting paragraphs, examples, conclusion
introduction, background, thesis statement, supporting paragraphs, conclusion
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
3
Answers and Explanations
1) C
In paragraph 1, the author describes a shelf full of books as a shelf full of "relics,” “has-beens, old-timers, antiques, fossils." From
this we can understand that the author believes that books share some quality with "relics,” “has-beens, old-timers, antiques," and
"fossils." Later in paragraph 1, the author claims that "e-readers are replacing the books of old." We can infer that the author
believes that e-readers are replacing books because books are outdated. Books are no longer the best way to read, in the author's
opinion. Being outdated is the quality books share with "relics,” “has-beens, old-timers, antiques," and "fossils." So in this context, all
of these terms refer to things which have been replaced in some way, or are no longer useful, and thus are outdated. This means
that (C) is correct. Something ancient is very old. Although "relics,” “has-beens, old-timers, antiques," and "fossils" all can refer to
something very old, in this context the author wants to highlight the fact that they have all been replaced, just as e-readers are
replacing books, and thus now they are outdated. The quality these things all share with books cannot be old age, because many
books are new. The author is not arguing that books are old, but that they are outdated. This means (A) is incorrect. Something
useless no longer has any relevant function or use. Although "relics,” “has-beens, old-timers, antiques," and "fossils" are things that
are outdated, they are not all necessarily useless. For instance, a typewriter is a relic when compared to a new computer, but a
typewriter can still function and be used. It is not useless. Books themselves are not useless, either, since they still function fine.
Therefore (B) is incorrect. Something pathetic is something that is miserably inadequate. "Relics,” “has-beens, old-timers, antiques,"
and "fossils" are things that are outdated, but they are not necessarily inadequate. Books themselves are not inadequate, either, as
they still function fine. This means (D) is incorrect.
2) C
The author presents a clear opinion in paragraph 1: "E-readers are replacing the books of old, and I welcome them with open arms
(as you should)." Not only does the author embrace e-readers, he or she attempts to persuade readers that they should too. In
paragraph 3, the author continues to argue that e-readers "put printed books to shame." In paragraph 7, the author reiterates that
"e-readers are superior to printed books." Because the author has a clear opinion that e-readers are better than books, attempts to
persuade readers, and presents reasons why readers should agree with him or her, we can understand the author's tone as
persuasive. Therefore (C) is correct. Shrewd means keenly aware or intelligent. The author does not present any insight about ereaders to make us think he or she is more keenly aware or intelligent than the average observer. This makes (A) incorrect.
Conniving means conspiring to do something immoral or illegal. Although the author is attempting to persuade readers, he or she is
straightforward and does not conspire with the readers or anyone else. This means (B) is incorrect. Authoritative means exercising
authority or commanding. While it is true the author presents information about e-readers with authority, he or she is not
commanding. The author tries to convince readers, not command them, to choose e-readers over books. We must also consider the
purpose of the essay. The author's overall purpose is to persuade, not to command. This means that the tone is more persuasive
than it is authoritative, so (D) is incorrect.
3) C
In paragraph 2, we learn that "the Oxford Dictionary of English defines the e-book as 'an electronic version of a printed book,' but ebooks can and do exist without any printed equivalent." From this we can understand that some e-books were not ever printed
books. Instead they only exist in electronic form. This eliminates option (I). Also in paragraph 2, we learn that "e-books can…be
born digital." Since "can" and "may" are words with similar meanings, we can infer that e-books may be "born digital." This supports
option (II). In paragraph 2, the author defines an e-book as "a book-length publication in digital form, consisting of text, images, or
both." From this we can understand that e-books must be able to display images. This supports option (III). Therefore (C) is correct.
4) B
put to shame (idiom): to prove superiority over something else.
In paragraph 3, the author claims that e-readers "put printed books to shame" and are "superior" for three reasons. From this
information, we can understand that to put something to shame is to prove one's superiority over it. When Team A defeats Team B
in a humiliating rout, Team A has proved its superiority over Team B. This makes (B) correct. A dog left outside on a frigid, dreary
winter night does not prove its superiority over anything else. It may be a cause for shame, or it may have been done in order to
shame the dog, but these interpretations draw on the literal meaning of shame rather than the meaning of the idiom “put to shame."
Therefore (A) is incorrect. Martha, arrested for stealing in front of a crowd, may feel ashamed, but she is not proving her superiority
over anything else. This interpretation also draws on the literal meaning of shame rather than the meaning of the idiom "put to
shame." This makes (C) incorrect. If Dustin has trouble assembling a machine with countless moving parts, he may feel frustrated
by the machine, but neither he nor the machine has been proven superior. This makes (D) incorrect.
5) D
Since a thesis statement is a sentence that clearly describes what the author plans to discuss, a thesis statement must lay out the
main ideas of an argument. In paragraph 3, the author states, "E-readers are superior to printed books because they save space,
are environmentally friendly, and provide helpful reading tips and tools that printed books do not." In this sentence, the author clearly
states his or her argument (that e-readers are superior to books). The author also lays out the three main ideas, or reasons, why he
or she believes this to be so: "they save space, are environmentally friendly, and provide helpful reading tips and tools." Because
this sentence clearly describes what the author plans to discuss, including the main ideas of his or her argument, this sentence must
be the thesis statement. This means (D) is correct. The sentence "If you have some spare cash (the going rate is about $89) and
are looking to enhance your reading experience, then I highly suggest you consider purchasing an e-reader" indicates the opinion of
the author, but it does not describe the main ideas or reasons that the author plans to discuss. Therefore (A) is incorrect. The
sentence "E-readers are replacing the books of old, and I welcome them with open arms (as you should)" also gives the author's
opinion. However, this sentence does not describe the main ideas or reasons that the author plans to discuss, either. This makes
(B) incorrect. A definition is not a description of what the author plans to discuss, but rather background information. The sentences
"An e-reader is a device that allows you to read e-books. An e-book is a book-length publication in digital form, consisting of text,
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
4
images, or both, and produced on, published through, and readable on computers or other electronic devices" are a definition, not a
thesis statement. Therefore (C) is incorrect.
6) B
petite (adjective): small, slender, and trim.
In paragraph 4, we learn that "being the size and weight of a thin hardback, the e-reader itself is relatively petite. It is easy to hold
and can fit in a pocketbook or briefcase easily." From this information, we can understand that being "petite" means being "thin,"
"easy to hold" and being able to "fit in a pocketbook or briefcase easily." All of these descriptions refer to a small size or shape.
Something petite is something small, slender and trim. This meaning fits best in the word family compact, diminutive, little. Therefore
(B) is correct. Jubilant, euphoric, playful is a word family that refers to feelings, not to size, so petite does not fit. This means (A) is
incorrect. Cute, attractive, charming is a word family that refers to a favorable appearance or attribute, not to size, so petite does not
fit. This means (C) is incorrect. Light, airy, spacious is a word family that refers to lightness or roominess. While roominess and
spaciousness refer to size, they refer to something large, and petite means small. This means (D) is incorrect.
7) D
In paragraph 4, the author claims that e-readers "save space." The author explains that because an e-reader is "the size and weight
of a thin hardback," it "is relatively petite. It is easy to hold and can fit in a pocketbook or briefcase easily." From this information we
can understand that one of the benefits of an e-reader is its relatively small size, which makes it more convenient to carry around
than heavy books. In contrast, the author describes War and Peace, Anna Karenina, and Les Misérables as "ponderous
behemoths." They are all much harder to carry as physical books than they would be on an e-reader. From this we can understand
that these books are all the opposite of petite: physically heavy, awkward or unwieldy due to their length. This means (D) is correct.
Although it is true that these books were all authored by Europeans, there is no information in the passage on which to infer this
knowledge. Therefore (A) is incorrect. Dense and impenetrable are words which refer to the language of a book that is difficult to
understand. The author is concerned with the length and thus the size of these books, not with the language of these books. This
makes (B) incorrect. Many people would consider these books to be timeless classics, but there is no information in the passage on
which to base this knowledge. Therefore (C) is incorrect.
8) A
sustain (verb): to keep in existence; to maintain.
In paragraph 5, the author describes the amount of paper contained in a tree, and how many trees it takes to print books. The
author claims that a bestseller sells 20,000 copies each week. Then the author states, “That means that it takes over 300 trees each
month to sustain this rate.” Without these trees, this rate of production could not exist. 300 trees is the number of trees it takes to
keep this rate of production in existence, or to maintain it. Therefore (A) is the best answer. Allow means to permit. The 300 trees do
not grant permission to the rate; rather, they keep it in existence. Therefore (B) is incorrect. Enforce means to obtain by force or
compulsion. The 300 trees do not compel or force the rate. This means (C) is incorrect. Yield means to produce. The 300 trees do
not just produce this rate; rather, they keep it in existence and maintain it over time. This makes (D) incorrect.
9) B
In paragraph 5, the author argues that "e-readers are superior to books because they are environmentally friendly." The author
claims that printing books on paper wastes trees, a natural resource, whereas e-readers do not use paper, and therefore trees, at
all. The author is comparing the use of the primary natural resource of printed books (paper) to the same use in e-readers, which
makes it appear that printed books waste resources and e-readers do not. However, the author does not include any information
about the natural resources required to make and read an e-book. If it were true, the fact that "the natural resources required to read
an e-book on an e-reader are greater than the natural resources required to make a printed book" would present the biggest
challenge to the author's argument. This fact would mean that e-readers are actually more wasteful of natural resources than printed
books, and thus not more environmentally friendly. Therefore (B) is correct. If books were "not made only from whole trees, but from
wood chips and forest waste as well," the process of printing books would be less wasteful than the author implies. However, this
fact would not necessarily mean that e-readers are less environmentally friendly than printed books. This makes (A) incorrect. The
argument that people who read e-books "are more likely to be distracted during their reading and remember less of the book" does
not have anything to do with environmental friendliness, so it does not challenge the author's argument in paragraph 5. This means
(C) is incorrect. The argument that the Harry Potter movie series "cost almost no trees to make and was also very well-liked" does
not dispute the author's main point in paragraph 5, which is that a book series like Harry Potter is environmentally wasteful when
produced in printed form. This means (D) is incorrect.
10) B
In paragraph 6, we learn that "the typical e-reader allows its user to customize letter size, font, and line spacing." This means that
the e-reader offers line spacing customization. This supports option (I). Also in paragraph 6, we learn that an e-reader "grants users
the ability to get an overview of a book and then jump to a specific location based on that overview." This means a reader has the
ability to quickly jump to the end of the book. This supports option (II). In paragraph 6, we learn that the e-reader provides readers
with "the ability to get dictionary definitions at the touch of a finger." However, it does not mention any access to an online
thesaurus. This eliminates option (III). Therefore (B) is correct.
11) D
This passage consists of 7 paragraphs. Paragraph 1 introduces the topic of e-readers and gives the author's opinion that "e-readers
are replacing the books of old." Paragraph 2 provides background information and a definition of an e-reader. Paragraph 3 sets forth
the author's argument that e-readers are superior and outlines three reasons why this is the case. This description of the author's
main ideas is known as a thesis statement. Paragraphs 4, 5, and 6 give supporting information about each of these three reasons.
Paragraph 7 offers a conclusion and summary of the author's point-of-view. This means the organization of the passage is:
introduction, background, thesis statement, supporting paragraphs, and conclusion. Therefore (D) is correct. Choices (A), (B), and
(C) do not include all of the parts of the essay’s organizational structure. Therefore they are incorrect.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
5
泛美国际
Name_
Date
• Reading Comprehension 2
Level 8
Directions: Read the passage. Then answer the questions below.
Most importantly, though, the highway bypass would have disastrous effects on the area’s
homeowners. As planned, the new road would cut directly through the middle of the Ellwood Acres
subdivision. Not only would this send more cars through the neighborhood, but these cars would be
traveling at much higher speeds, putting children at risk. What is more, homeowners would have to deal
with the increased noise and pollution that would result from such a heavily trafficked road. Finally, the
new road would cause residential properties to depreciate. This means that families who chose to move
away would have to sell their homes for far less than their current value.
Questions
1) This passage would most likely be found in
A.
B.
C.
D.
an editorial in a local newspaper
a brochure for prospective homeowners in Ellwood Acres
an encyclopedia article about the history of highways
a personal letter from a son to his father
2) Where in the full article is this paragraph most likely to appear?
A.
B.
C.
D.
near the beginning
near the end
in the middle
it could appear anywhere
3) As used in the passage, which is the best definition for depreciate?
A.
B.
C.
D.
to diminish in popularity
to decrease in value
to accumulate over time
to improve with age
4) Which of the following pieces of information, if included, would provide the best additional support for
the author’s argument as presented in this passage?
A. In 2008, the author's youngest child was killed by a drunk driver.
B. Pollution is harmful to the environment.
C. According to a recent magazine study, white noise (similar to that produced by traffic) was rated
the number one cause of daytime napping.
D. In 2011, homeowners who live near interstate traffic saw a 20% reduction in the value of their
homes.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
1
Answers and Explanations
1) A
The passage presents a strong opinion about a proposed highway project. Since the highway is likely only a matter of interest for
people in the author’s area, the passage’s target audience is probably local people. The editorial section of the newspaper usually
contains writing that expresses strong opinions about topics or issues. Since this passage contains a strong opinion about a local
issue, it would most likely be found in an editorial in a local newspaper, which means (A) is the best choice. A brochure aimed at
people thinking about buying a home in Ellwood Acres would probably only discuss the positive aspects of living there. This means
(B) is incorrect. Encyclopedia articles are usually factual and unbiased, meaning they do not express strong opinions. Thus (C) is
incorrect. The tone of the passage is formal, whereas most personal letters have a familiar tone. It is unlikely a son would write to
his father about such a topic in this formal tone. Therefore (D) is incorrect.
2) B
The first sentence of the passage begins with “Most importantly, though.” This phrase lets us know that the author has explained
other reasons earlier in the article. It also tells us that he or she has intentionally organized these reasons in order of importance,
ending with the most important. Since this is the most important and presumably last reason the author is going to present, this
paragraph is likely to appear near the end of the article. Therefore (B) is correct. The passage does not contain information to
support choices (A), (C), and (D). Therefore they are incorrect.
3) B
depreciate (verb): to lower the price or estimated value of.
Near the end of the passage, the author writes, “Finally, the new road would cause residential properties to depreciate. This means
that families who chose to move away would have to sell their homes for far less than their current value.” Since families would be
forced to sell their homes in the future for less than the current value, we can infer that the values of the homes will have gone
down, or decreased. From this fact we can understand that depreciate means to decrease in value. Therefore (B) is correct.
Although depreciate does mean to diminish, it refers specifically to price or value and not to popularity. This makes (A) incorrect.
Accumulate is the opposite of decrease, so (C) is incorrect. The values of the homes will not improve with age; rather, they will
decrease. This means (D) is incorrect.
4) D
While elsewhere in the article the author may have provided many different arguments against the proposed bypass, this paragraph
focuses solely on the bypass’s potential effects on homeowners. The author argues that the heavier traffic would put “children at
risk,” cause “increased noise and pollution,” and “cause residential properties to depreciate.” Providing statistics for exactly how
much property values dropped elsewhere because of new road construction would add credibility to this last point, and thus add
support to the author’s argument. This means (D) is correct. While the author does discuss the bypass putting children at risk, the
passage focuses on the effects of the bypass, not on the effects of drunk driving. This makes (A) incorrect. The author does
mention pollution as a negative effect of the bypass, but the statement, “Pollution is harmful to the environment,” is too broad to be
the best support for this argument. The author argues that there will be specific, immediate negative effects for homeowners if the
bypass is built. A decrease in home values is a more specific, immediate consequence for homeowners than general harm to the
environment. Also, there are many different causes of pollution, so even if the bypass was not built, pollution could still harm the
environment. For these reasons, (B) is not the best answer. Napping is irrelevant to the author’s argument about how the bypass
will affect homeowners. Therefore (C) is incorrect.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
2
泛美国际
Name_
Date
• Reading Comprehension 3
Level 8
Directions: Read the passage. Then answer the questions below.
Philadelphia is a city known for many things. It is where the Declaration of Independence was
signed in 1776, and it was also the first capital of the United States. But one fact about Philadelphia is not
so well-known: it is home to nearly 3,000 murals painted on the sides of homes and buildings around the
city. In fact, it is said that Philadelphia has more murals than any other city in the world, with the exception
of Rome. How did this come to be?
More than 20 years ago, a New Jersey artist named Jane Golden started a program pairing
troubled youth with artists to paint murals on a few buildings around the city. From this small project,
something magical happened. The young people involved helped to create magnificent pieces of art, but
there were other, perhaps more important benefits. The young people learned to collaborate and get
along with many different kinds of people during the various steps required to paint and design a mural.
They learned to be responsible, because they needed to follow a schedule to make sure the murals were
completed. They also learned to take pride in their community. It is hard for any resident to see the
spectacular designs and not feel proud to be a part of Philadelphia.
Take a walk around some of the poorest neighborhoods in Philadelphia, neighborhoods full of
broken windows and littered front steps, and you will find beautiful works of art on the sides and fronts of
buildings. Of course the murals are not just in poor neighborhoods, but more affluent ones as well.
Special buses take tourists to different parts of the city to see the various murals, which range from huge
portraits of historical heroes, to cityscapes, to scenes depicting the diverse ethnic groups that call
Philadelphia home.
As a result of its success, the mural program created by Jane Golden has now become the
nation’s largest public art program and a model for other cities throughout the country seeking to help
troubled youth.
Questions
1) The main focus of the passage is
A.
B.
C.
D.
an art program designed to help troubled youth
the many tourists who come to Philadelphia to see murals
the reasons why Philadelphia is a unique city
how Jane Golden came up with the idea to start a mural program
2) As used in paragraph1, the phrase “it is said” suggests that the author is
A.
B.
C.
D.
knowingly misleading the reader
using a quote from someone else
referring to something that is widely believed, but may be untrue
referring to something that he or she does not personally believe
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
1
3) As used in paragraph 1, the phrase “with the exception of Rome” means that
A.
B.
C.
D.
Rome has fewer murals than Philadelphia
Philadelphia has fewer murals than Rome
Rome has the most beautiful murals of all
Rome and Philadelphia are the only cities with murals
4) According to the passage, the murals in Philadelphia
I. draw tourists who want to see them
II. instill responsibility and pride in the people who paint them
III. are solely designed by the youth who paint them
A.
B.
C.
D.
I only
I and II only
II and III only
I, II, and III
5) As used in paragraph 3, which is the best definition of affluent?
A.
B.
C.
D.
popular
clean
well-known
wealthy
6) Based on information in the passage, the author most likely believes that
A.
B.
C.
D.
there are too many murals in Philadelphia
the mural program was an inspirational idea
all troubled youth should learn how to paint
every city in the country should adopt the mural program
7) Based on information in the passage, it can be inferred that the author believes the two best reasons
for other cities to adopt the mural program are to
A.
B.
C.
D.
beautify their city and draw tourists
help troubled youth and beautify their city
have as many murals as Philadelphia and help troubled youth
draw tourists and surpass Philadelphia in terms of number of murals
8) In order to make this passage more engaging to readers, the author could have included
I. a brief history of Philadelphia
II. pictures of some of the murals
III. an interview with a program muralist
A.
B.
C.
D.
I only
I and II only
II and III only
I, II, and III
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
2
Answers and Explanations
1) A
The main focus of a passage is the controlling idea. To identify the controlling idea, it is helpful to review the content and structure of
the passage. Paragraph 1 introduces a little-known fact about Philadelphia: that “it is home to nearly 3,000 murals painted on the
sides of homes and buildings.” Paragraph 2 explains that these murals are the product of an art program designed to pair “troubled
youth with artists.” It also identifies some of the benefits for the community in addition to the art. Paragraph 3 describes where the
murals are and what they depict. Paragraph 4 states that the art program has gone on to become “the nation’s largest public art
program and a model for other cities.” From this information we can understand that the main focus of the passage is the formation
of an art program designed to help troubled youth and its effects on the community. Therefore (A) is correct. Paragraph 3 mentions
the tourists who come to see the murals, but because that is only one small detail in the passage, it is not the main focus. This
makes (B) incorrect. Only paragraph 1 mentions well-known facts about Philadelphia; the rest of the passage focuses on the art
program rather than the reasons why Philadelphia is unique. This means (C) is incorrect. Although Jane Golden is mentioned in the
passage, it does not contain information about how she came up with her idea, so (D) is incorrect.
2) C
In paragraph 1, the author states that Philadelphia is “home to nearly 3,000 murals.” Next, the author writes, “In fact, it is said that
Philadelphia has more murals than any other city in the world, with the exception of Rome.” The author does not offer this statement
as absolute truth. We can infer that the author has not personally counted all the murals in both Philadelphia and Rome—perhaps
no one has. Yet the phrase “it is said” implies that this is a statement that is often repeated by people, so while it may not be true, it
is widely believed. Therefore (C) is correct. Though the author may not know for sure whether this statement is true, there is no
evidence in the passage that he or she is knowingly misleading the reader. Rather, the author uses the phrase “it is said” to
acknowledge that he or she cannot verify the statement as fact. This disclosure is an attempt to be straightforward with the reader,
not misleading. This makes (A) incorrect. If the statement were a quote from someone else, it would most likely appear in quotation
marks and be attributed to a specific person. This means (B) is not the best choice. Although the statement might not be true, there
is no sarcasm to suggest that the author does not believe it. Instead, it is a piece of information which, though unverified, is offered
in good faith. This means (D) is incorrect.
3) B
In paragraph 1, the author states, “It is said that Philadelphia has more murals than any other city in the world, with the exception of
Rome.” From this information we can understand that Philadelphia has the most murals except for Rome, or in other words, Rome is
the only city which has more murals than Philadelphia. Another way to say this is that Philadelphia has fewer murals than Rome.
This means (B) is correct. The passage does not contain information to support choices (A), (C), and (D). Therefore they are
incorrect.
4) B
In paragraph 3, the author states, “Special buses take tourists to different parts of the city to see the various murals.” From this we
can understand that the murals are a tourist attraction, which means that they draw tourists to the city. This supports option (I). In
paragraph 2, the author claims that the young people “learned to be responsible, because they needed to follow a schedule to make
sure the murals were completed,” and “they also learned to take pride in their community.” This information supports option (II).
Although in paragraph 2 we learn that the youth participate in “the various steps required to paint and design a mural,” the passage
also tells us that the program is a joint effort between the youth and artists, so there is no evidence that the murals are solely
designed by the youth who paint them. This eliminates option (III). Therefore (B) is correct.
5) D
affluent (adjective): having a great deal of money; wealthy.
In paragraph 3, the author writes, “Of course the murals are not just in poor neighborhoods, but more affluent ones as well.” From
this sentence we can understand that affluent is the opposite of poor. The opposite of poor is wealthy, so (D) is correct. Popular is
not the opposite of poor, so (A) is incorrect. Though the passage describes the poor neighborhoods as “full of broken windows and
littered front steps,” it is not true that poor and “littered,” meaning dirty, are synonyms. Therefore clean cannot be the opposite of
poor, which means (B) is incorrect. Well-known is not the opposite of poor, so (C) is incorrect.
6) B
When the author first describes the art program in paragraph 2, he or she states, “From this small project, something magical
happened.” The author continues to say that the project created “magnificent pieces of art,” but that it also had “other, perhaps more
important benefits.” These benefits include the young people involved learning to “collaborate,” to be “responsible,” and to “take
pride in their community.” In paragraph 4, the author informs us that “as a result of its success, the mural program created by Jane
Golden has now become the nation’s largest public art program and a model for other cities throughout the country seeking to help
troubled youth.” Based on words like “magical” and “magnificent,” we can infer that the author has a positive view of the program
and its effects on the community of Philadelphia. Since the author thinks the program is a good thing, he or she most likely believes
that it was an inspirational idea. Therefore (B) is correct. Although in paragraph 1 the author states that there are lots of murals in
Philadelphia, there is no information in the passage to imply that the author thinks there are too many murals. Therefore (A) is
incorrect. In paragraph 2, the author describes the benefits for the young people who became involved in the mural project, but it is
too extreme to infer that the author thinks all troubled young people should learn how to paint. There are many reasons why learning
to paint would not help some troubled young people. For example, they may not like painting, or they may face challenges in their
lives which cannot be fixed through a mural project. This means (C) is incorrect. In paragraph 4, the author states that the program
has become a “model for other cities,” but this is a fact, not an opinion. The author does not imply that every city should adopt the
mural program. This means (D) is incorrect.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
3
7) B
Paragraph 2 details the benefits of this program. The author states that the first benefit is the creation of “magnificent pieces of art,”
but that there are other benefits for the community. The author notes that the young people involved learn to “collaborate,” to be
“responsible,” and to “take pride” in their city. Indeed, paragraph 4 describes Philadelphia’s program as “a model for other cities
throughout the country seeking to help troubled youth.” From this we can infer that the two main accomplishments of this program
are the beautification of the city and the help for troubled youth. This suggests that the two best reasons for other cities to begin a
similar program are to help troubled youth and to beautify their cities. Therefore (B) is correct. While the program in Philadelphia
does beautify the city and draw tourists, the author claims that “perhaps more important benefits” are the lessons learned by the
youth involved. Since (A) does not include what is, in the author’s view, the most important reason to begin such a program, it is
incorrect. Helping troubled youth is a good reason for other cities to begin similar programs, but there is no information in the
passage to suggest that other cities would try to compete with Philadelphia for the highest number of murals. This makes (C)
incorrect. While the murals do draw tourists, according to the passage this is not one of the most important benefits. Also, there is
no information in the passage to suggest that other cities would try to compete with Philadelphia for the highest number of murals.
This makes (D) incorrect.
8) C
Although the author mentions some historical facts about Philadelphia in paragraph 1, the focus of the passage is on the mural
program, not Philadelphia’s history. A piece of writing is most engaging when it remains focused on the main topic, so including a
brief history of the city would make the passage less focused and therefore less engaging. This eliminates option (I). In paragraph
3, the author describes the images on the murals as ranging “from huge portraits of historical heroes, to cityscapes, to scenes
depicting the diverse ethnic groups that call Philadelphia home.” To support this description and help readers visualize the murals,
the author could have included pictures of some of the murals. Seeing the murals for themselves would make this passage more
engaging to readers, so this supports option (II). Paragraph 2 describes the skills and lessons learned by the troubled youth
involved in the mural program. Hearing one of the young people describe these teachings in his or her own words would not only
add credibility to the author’s claims, but it would also be more engaging for the readers to hear a different voice. This supports
option (III). Therefore (C) is correct.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
4
泛美国际
Name_
Date
• Reading Comprehension 4
Level 8
Directions: Read the passage. Then answer the questions below.
On January 3, 1961, nine days after Christmas, Richard Legg, John Byrnes, and Richard
McKinley were killed in a remote desert in eastern Idaho. Their deaths occurred when a nuclear reactor
exploded at a top-secret base in the National Reactor Testing Station (NRTS). Official reports state that
the explosion and subsequent reactor meltdown resulted from the improper retraction of the control rod.
When questioned about the events that occurred there, officials were very reticent. The whole affair, in
fact, was not discussed much, and seemed to disappear with time.
In order to grasp the mysterious nature of the NRTS catastrophe, it helps to know a bit about how
nuclear reactors work. After all, the generation of nuclear energy may strike many as an esoteric process.
However, given its relative simplicity, the way in which the NRTS reactor functions is widely
comprehensible. In this particular kind of reactor, a cluster of nine-ton uranium fuel rods are positioned
lengthwise around a central control rod. The reaction begins with the slow removal of the control rod,
which starts a controlled nuclear reaction and begins to heat the water in the reactor. This heat generates
steam, which builds pressure inside the tank. As pressure builds, the steam looks for a place to escape.
The only place this steam is able to escape is through the turbine. As it passes through the turbine on its
way out of the tank, it turns the giant fan blades and produces energy.
On the morning of January 3, after the machine had been shut down for the holidays, the three
men arrived at the station to restart the reactor. The control rod needed to be pulled out only four inches
to be reconnected to the automated driver. However, records indicate that Byrnes yanked it out 23
inches, over five times the distance necessary. In milliseconds the reactor exploded. Legg was impaled
on the ceiling; he would be discovered last. It took one week and a lead-shielded crane to remove his
body. Even in full protective gear, workers were only able to work a minute at a time. The three men are
buried in lead-lined coffins under concrete in New York, Michigan, and Arlington Cemetery, Virginia.
The investigation took nearly two years to complete. Did Byrnes have a dark motive? Or was it
simply an accident? Did he know how precarious the procedure was? Other operators were questioned
as to whether they knew the consequences of pulling the control rod out so far. They responded, “Of
course! We often talked about what we would do if we were at a radar station and the Russians came.
We’d yank it out.”
Official reports are oddly ambiguous, but what they do not explain, gossip does. Rumors had it
that there was tension between the men because Byrnes suspected the other two of being involved with
his young wife. There is little doubt that he, like the other operators, knew exactly what would happen
when he yanked the control rod.
Questions
1) As used in paragraph 1, which is the best antonym for reticent?
A.
B.
C.
D.
nosy
talkative
reserved
concerned
2) As used in paragraph 2, which is the best definition for esoteric?
A.
B.
C.
D.
risky or dangerous
highly scientific
kept secret
understood by few
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
1
3) According to the paragraph 2, which of the following is directly responsible for energy production?
A.
B.
C.
D.
the turning of the turbine blades
the escape of pressurized steam
the removal of the control rod
the positioning of the uranium fuel rods
4) Based on information in the passage, it can be inferred that, after the explosion and subsequent
meltdown, the reactor was
A.
B.
C.
D.
not mentioned in any official documents about the incident
contaminated with toxic elements
completely annihilated
honored as a memorial to the tragic incident
5) Which of the following literary techniques does the author use in the passage?
I. hyperbole, characterized by the use of exaggeration for effect
II. foreshadowing, characterized by the use of hints that depict future events in the narrative or story
III. flashback, characterized by the description of a scene set in a time earlier than the main story
A.
B.
C.
D.
I only
I and II only
II and III only
I, II, and III
6) As used in paragraph 4, which is the best synonym for precarious?
A.
B.
C.
D.
slow
difficult
risky
involved
7) The tone of the author can best be described as
A.
B.
C.
D.
neutral
dejected
sarcastic
ominous
8) As used in paragraph 5, which is the best synonym for ambiguous?
A.
B.
C.
D.
vague
disturbing
detailed
strange
9) Based on information in the final paragraph, which of the following statements would the author likely
agree with?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Official reports about the disaster were detailed and conclusive.
Legg, Byrnes, and McKinley were best friends.
Byrnes deliberately yanked the control rod.
Rumors about the disaster are dubious and uninteresting.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
2
Answers and Explanations
1) B
reticent (adjective): disposed to be silent or not to speak freely; reserved.
To understand the meaning of words, it is often helpful to look at them in context. In this case, we need to look to the following
sentence for clarification. In paragraph 1, the author states, “When questioned about the events that occurred there, officials were
very reticent. The whole affair, in fact, was not discussed much, and seemed to disappear with time.” From this information we can
understand that the officials were reticent because they did not discuss the affair very much. This means that reticent means silent
or reserved, so a good antonym is talkative. Therefore (B) is correct. Nosy means snooping into or investigating others’ affairs.
Though the officials may have been investigating the incident thoroughly, they were not talking about it. Since the passage does not
contain information about how thoroughly the officials investigated the incident, or how curious they were about it, (A) is incorrect.
Reserved is a synonym for reticent, not an antonym, so (C) is incorrect. We do not know the level of the officials’ concern about the
incident based on the information in the passage; what we do know is that they were not discussing it. This means (D) is incorrect.
2) D
esoteric (adjective): understood by or meant for only the select few who have special knowledge of interest.
To understand the meaning of words, it is often helpful to look at them in context. In this case, we need to look to the following
sentence for clarification. In paragraph 2, the author states, “After all, the generation of nuclear energy may strike many as an
esoteric process. However, given its relative simplicity, the way in which the NRTS reactor functions is widely comprehensible."
First, the author tells us that the process is esoteric. Then, the author contrasts this idea by telling us that the way in which this
particular reactor functions is widely comprehensible. Given that something esoteric is contrasted with something widely
comprehensible, we can infer that a good definition for esoteric is understood by few. This means (D) is correct. Although the
generation of nuclear energy is may seem risky or highly scientific based on information in the passage, context does not support
this definition. Therefore, (A) and (B) are incorrect. The passage does not provide information to support the idea that esoteric
means kept secret. Therefore (C) is incorrect.
3) A
In paragraph 2, the author describes the process under which nuclear energy is created. At the end of this paragraph, the author
outlines the role of steam in the turning of the turbine. The author concludes this explanation with the final cause that is directly
responsible for energy production: "As it passes through the turbine on its way out of the tank, it turns the giant fan blades and
produces energy." This lets us know that it is the turning of the turbine blades which is directly responsible for energy production.
Therefore (A) is correct. Although the escape of pressurized steam, removal of the control rod, and the positioning of the uranium
fuel rods are all involved in the process of creating energy, none of them is directly responsible for turning the turbine. This means
(B), (C) and (D) are incorrect.
4) B
In paragraph 3, the author writes, “It took one week and a lead-shielded crane to remove [Legg’s] body. Even in full protective gear,
workers were only able to work a minute at a time.” Because both the equipment (the crane) and the workers required protection,
we can infer that the reactor was a hazardous place to be. Contamination with toxic elements from the explosion would cause the
site to be hazardous. Later in paragraph 3, the author writes, “The three men are buried in lead-lined coffins under concrete.” Since
the victims’ bodies, even buried underground, must be covered in layers of lead and concrete, we can also infer that the victim's
bodies were so thoroughly contaminated with toxic elements that they must be contained after death. This means (B) is correct.
Although in paragraph 5, the author tells us that “official reports are oddly ambiguous” and do not explain everything, that does not
suggest that the reports do not mention the victims or the reactor at all. It only means that some details are missing. Therefore (A) is
incorrect. Since the bodies of the victims were recovered in the wreckage, and the site still existed, neither the victims’ remains nor
the site were completely annihilated, or destroyed. This means (C) is incorrect. Though the victims and the reactor would likely be
honored in a memorial to the incident, the passage does not discuss any such memorial. Therefore (D) is incorrect.
5) C
There is no example of exaggeration for effect in this passage. Even extreme statements, such as “in milliseconds the reactor
exploded” or “Legg was impaled on the ceiling,” are reported as facts, not as exaggerations. This eliminates option (I). Several
times the author hints at the mystery of the disaster and the rumored motive of Byrnes before it is revealed in the final paragraph. In
paragraph 1, the author states that “the whole affair…was not discussed much” by the officials, implying that something might have
been covered up. In paragraph 4, the author asks, “Did Byrnes have a dark motive?” Both of these quotes foreshadow the
suspected motive which the author reveals in paragraph 5. This supports option (II). The meltdown is described in paragraphs 1 as
an event in the past. Then, in paragraph 3, the author goes back in time to recreate the scene “on the morning of January 3,” when
the explosion happens. Because this scene flashes back to exactly what happened during the meltdown, it is considered a
flashback. This supports option (III). Therefore (C) is correct.
6) C
precarious (adjective): doubtful; perilous; risky.
In paragraph 4, the author asks, “Did [Byrnes] know how precarious the procedure was?” Earlier, in paragraph 2, the author states
that the procedure begins with “the slow removal of the control rod.” In paragraph 3, the author describes the procedure even more
specifically, writing that “the control rod needed to be pulled out only four inches to be reconnected to the automated driver.” From
this information, we can understand that in the procedure, the rod had to be pulled out slowly and only four inches. When Byrnes
“yanked it out 23 inches,” the reactor exploded. This means that pulling out the rod too far and too quickly caused the explosion.
From this information we can understand that the procedure was precarious because it was dangerous, so in this context risky is a
good synonym. Therefore (C) is correct. Although the author does tell us that the removal of the control rod had to be slow, it was
also crucial that the rod was not pulled out too far. Since the procedure was precarious for these two reasons, slow is not a good
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
3
synonym for precarious. This means (A) is incorrect. Removal of the control rod by four inches had to be done slowly and with care,
but it was a procedure that was not particularly difficult, only dangerous. This makes (B) incorrect. Again, because the removal of
the rod only required pulling it out four inches slowly, it was not an involved procedure, but relatively simple. This means (D) is
incorrect.
7) D
To identify the tone of the author, it is helpful to examine both the content and the author’s language. The subject of the passage,
which is the mysterious deaths of three young men due to a nuclear explosion, is serious and even upsetting. The fact that the
“accident” could have been caused intentionally is even more unsettling. The author also uses words such as “oddly,” “rumors,”
“gossip,” and “dark.” Because of the unsettling subject and the words which hint at a mystery, we can describe the tone as ominous.
Therefore (D) is correct. The tone would be neutral if the author’s language were different. However, the words such as “oddly,”
“rumors,” “gossip,” and “dark” lend a mysterious feeling to the piece which is not neutral. This means (A) is incorrect. Although the
sad subject matter could be viewed as depressing, the author does not express personal sadness or dejection about the incident.
The author’s concern is primarily with the mystery of it. This makes (B) incorrect. While the author does hint at a dark motive behind
the explosion, there is no place where the author is sarcastic, or bitterly ironic, about the incident. This means (C) is incorrect.
8) A
ambiguous (adjective): allowing the possibility of several different meanings; unclear; inexact.
In paragraph 5, the author states, “Official reports are oddly ambiguous, but what they do not explain, gossip does.” From this
information we can understand that the reports were ambiguous because there was information that the official reports did not
explain: gossip explained what the reports left out. Since the reports did not contain enough information to give a clear picture of
what happened, it can be inferred that the reports were vague, which is a good synonym for ambiguous. Therefore (A) is correct.
Although the passage suggests that the incident was disturbing and strange, there is no information in the passage to suggest that
the reports were disturbing or strange. Therefore (B) and (D) are incorrect. A detailed report would explain the incident in great
detail, but the passage tells us that there are things the reports “do not explain.” This means (C) is incorrect.
9) C
In the final paragraph, the author writes, "There is little doubt that [Byrnes], like the other operators, knew exactly what would
happen when he yanked the control rod." Since Byrnes knew exactly what would happen if he yanked the control rod, we can infer
that the author would likely agree with the idea that he did so deliberately. Therefore, (C) is correct. In the final paragraph, the author
writes, "Official reports are oddly ambiguous, but what they do not explain, gossip does." This lets us know that the author thinks the
disaster reports are not detailed and conclusive. This rules out choice (A). The author also writes, "Rumors had it that there was
tension between the men because Byrnes suspected the other two of being involved with his young wife." This lets us know that the
author thinks the men were not on good terms, and therefore were certainly not best friends. This means (B) is incorrect. The author
also writes, "Official reports are oddly ambiguous, but what they do not explain, gossip does. Rumors had it that..." This lets us know
that the author subscribes to rumors about the disaster and finds them trustworthy and interesting. This makes (D) incorrect.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
4
泛美国际
Name_
Date
• Reading Comprehension 5
Level 8
Directions: Read the passage. Then answer the questions below.
According to Greek mythology, Atlas was a Titan of enormous strength. After being
defeated by the god Zeus, Atlas was forced to carry the earth and the sky for an eternity. In
depictions of Atlas, he is shown as a stooped figure carrying the globe on his shoulders.
Because of his association with the globe, maps began to be decorated with this image of Atlas.
Accordingly, the word “atlas” became a nickname for a collection of maps. Today, an atlas
refers to any book that consists of a bound collection of maps. For example, an atlas can be
made up of maps of the countries of the world or of the states of the United States. Sometimes
an atlas will also contain graphs and charts with other statistical information about the culture,
religion, climate, or government of the population of a given area.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
1
Questions
1) Based on information in the passage, it can be inferred that Atlas supported the earth and
the sky because he was
A.
B.
C.
D.
a Titan of enormous strength
punished after losing to Zeus
associated with maps and globes
a slave to the god Zeus
2) Based on information in the passage, it can be inferred that which of the following people or
groups might use an atlas?
I. a group of explorers on the Nile River
II. a backpacker planning a tour of Europe
III. army generals preparing for battle
A.
B.
C.
D.
I only
I and II only
II and III only
I, II, and III
3) Conjunctions (or conjunctive phrases) are used to indicate or emphasize the existence of a
relationship between ideas. As used in the passage, which of the following conjunctions
could be used in place of the conjunction Accordingly?
I. Although
II. As a result
III. Consequently
A.
B.
C.
D.
I only
I and II only
II and III only
I, II, and III
4) Based on the information in the passage, it can be inferred that the additional charts and
graphs in an atlas could include information about
I. major languages
II. average temperatures
III. historical events
A.
B.
C.
D.
I only
I and II only
II and III only
I, II, and III
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2
Answers and Explanations
1) B
The passage states, “After being defeated by the god Zeus, Atlas was forced to carry the earth and the sky for an eternity.” From
this information we can infer that Atlas was “forced” to support the earth and the sky as a punishment after losing to Zeus. Therefore
(B) is correct. Although the passage states that Atlas was a Titan of enormous strength, this is not the reason that Atlas supported
the earth and the sky, so (A) is incorrect. Atlas did become associated with maps and globes, but this happened after he was forced
to support the earth and the sky, so it was not the reason why he had to support them. This means (C) is incorrect. While the
passage tells us that Atlas was “defeated by the god Zeus” and “forced to carry the earth and the sky,” it does not imply that Atlas
was Zeus’ slave. Therefore (D) is incorrect.
2) D
The passage tells us that “an atlas refers to any book that consists of a bound collection of maps.” A group of explorers would likely
need maps to determine where to explore, so this supports option (I). A backpacker planning a trip would be likely to consult maps
so that he or she would know where to go. This supports option (II). Military commanders such as army generals would also be
likely to consult maps when preparing for battles, so they would know where to direct soldiers. This supports option (III). Therefore
(D) is correct.
3) C
accordingly (adverb): because of the reason given; consequently.
The passage states, “Because of his association with the globe, maps began to be decorated with this image of Atlas. Accordingly,
the word ‘atlas’ became a nickname for a collection of maps.” Using this information we can understand that the word “atlas”
became associated with books of maps because the image of Atlas had so frequently appeared as a figure on maps. This tells us
that the association between the word “atlas” and a book of maps was a consequence of a previous action, specifically Atlas’
frequent appearance on maps. Since the conjunction although is used to introduce a contradiction or to show that something
happens in spite of something else (and we need to indicate a consequence or result), it could not be used in place of accordingly.
This eliminates option (I). Given the reasons outlined above, we can infer that accordingly must be used to introduce a statement
that comes as a result or consequence of something else. This means that the conjunctions As a result and Consequently work well
in place of accordingly, as they, too, are used to introduce a statement that comes as a result or consequence of something else.
This means the conjunctions As a result and Consequently could be used in place of accordingly. This supports options (I) and (II).
Therefore (C) is correct.
4) B
The last sentence of the passage states, “Sometimes an atlas will also contain graphs and charts with other statistical information
about the culture, religion, climate, or government of the population of a given area.” The major languages of a population could be
included in statistical information about culture. This supports option (I). The average temperatures could be included in statistical
information about climate. This supports option (II). Historical events would not be considered “statistical information about the
culture, religion, climate or government” of a population. The passage implies that this statistical information about a “given
population” is current factual information, not that it tells the history of a place. This eliminates option (III). Therefore (B) is correct.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
3
泛美国际
Name_
Date
• Reading Comprehension 6
Level 8
Directions: Read the passage. Then answer the questions below.
Dear Editor,
I am writing in response to the article “Protecting Our Public Spaces” in issue 14, published this
spring. In it, the author claims that “all graffiti is vandalism, pure and simple, and offers no benefit to our
public spaces.” I would like to point out that many people believe that graffiti is an art form that can benefit
our public spaces just as much as sculpture, fountains, or other, more accepted art forms.
People who object to graffiti usually do so more because of where it is, not what it is. They argue,
as your author does, that posting graffiti in public places constitutes an illegal act of property damage. But
the location of such graffiti should not prevent the images themselves from being considered genuine art.
I would argue that graffiti is the ultimate public art form. Spray paint is a medium unlike any other.
Through graffiti, the entire world has become a canvas. No one has to pay admission or travel to a
museum to see this kind of art. The artists usually do not receive payment for their efforts. These works of
art dotting the urban landscape are available, free of charge, to everyone who passes by.
To be clear, I do not consider random words or names sprayed on stop signs to be art. Plenty of
graffiti is just vandalism, pure and simple. However, there is also graffiti that is breathtaking in its intricate
detail, its realism, or its creativity. It takes great talent to create such involved designs with spray paint.
Are these creators not artists just because they use a can of spray paint instead of a paintbrush, or
because they cover the side of a building rather than a canvas?
To declare that all graffiti is vandalism, and nothing more, is an overly simplistic statement that I
find out of place in such a thoughtful publication as your magazine. Furthermore, graffiti is not going
anywhere, so we might as well find a way to live with it and enjoy its benefits. One option could be to
make a percentage of public space, such as walls or benches in parks, open to graffiti artists. By doing
this, the public might feel like part owners of these works of art, rather than just the victims of a crime.
Regards,
Derrick Milton
Questions
1) In his letter, Derrick Milton argues that graffiti
A.
B.
C.
D.
is the only art form that is free
provides more public benefits than sculpture or fountains do
is best viewed on public walls rather than canvas
should be judged on its artistic qualities rather than its location
2) Based on information in the passage, it can be understood that the author of the article “Protecting
Our Public Spaces” apparently believes that graffiti
A.
B.
C.
D.
is a not an art form
can only sometimes be considered a work of art
should be restricted to places where it is allowed
is too simple to be considered art
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
1
3) According to Derrick Milton, random words sprayed on stop signs are not
A.
B.
C.
D.
vandalism
art
illegal
creative
4) Based on its use in paragraph 4, which of the following accurately describes something that is
intricate?
A. Everyone was amazed to see the hot air balloon finally swell with air and lift off over the trees.
B. On the enormous billboard, a painted can of soda stood nearly 12 feet high.
C. The photograph was so sharply focused that you could see the individual eyelashes on the
subjects’ faces.
D. The maze had many different paths that curled around each other in a complicated pattern.
5) Which sentence from the passage best illustrates the author’s feelings about graffiti art?
A. “I would like to point out that many people believe that graffiti is an art form that can benefit our
public spaces just as much as sculpture, fountains, or other, more accepted art forms.”
B. “People who object to graffiti usually do so more because of where it is, not what it is.”
C. “Spray paint is a medium unlike any other.”
D. “To declare that all graffiti is vandalism, and nothing more, is an overly simplistic statement that I
find out of place in such a thoughtful publication as your magazine.”
6) In paragraph 4, Derrick Milton states, “Plenty of graffiti is just vandalism, pure and simple.” He most
likely makes this statement in order to
A.
B.
C.
D.
agree with the author of “Protect Our Public Spaces”
clarify the limits of his position
support his overall argument
summarize the counterargument to his own position
7) Derrick Milton concludes his letter by
A.
B.
C.
D.
criticizing the magazine
offering a solution
restating his position
identifying the benefits of graffiti
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
2
Answers and Explanations
1) D
In paragraph 1, Derrick Milton makes the claim that “graffiti is an art form.” In paragraph 2, he notes that “people who object to
graffiti usually do so more because of where it is, not what it is.” This suggests that many people judge graffiti based on its location,
but Derrick argues that this is wrongheaded. In paragraph 4, he writes, “However, there is also graffiti that is breathtaking in its
intricate detail, its realism, or its creativity. It takes great talent to create such involved designs with spray paint. Are these creators
not artists just because they use a can of spray paint instead of a paintbrush, or because they cover the side of a building rather
than a canvas?” From this we can understand that Derrick argues that graffiti should be judged on its artistic qualities rather than its
location. Therefore (D) is correct. In paragraph 3, Derrick argues that graffiti is a free art form. He claims, “These works of art dotting
the urban landscape are available, free of charge, to everyone who passes by.” However, he does not claim that it is the only art
form that is free. This means (A) is incorrect. Derrick argues in paragraph 1 that graffiti can provide as many public benefits as
sculpture or fountains, but he does not suggest that it provides more benefits. This makes (B) incorrect. In paragraph 3, Derrick
states, “Through graffiti, the entire world has become a canvas.” Later, however, Derrick describes graffiti as covering “stop signs,”
“the side of a building,” “park benches,” and “walls.” By this we can understand that graffiti by definition is not applied to a canvas.
Therefore (C) is incorrect.
2) A
In paragraph 1, Derrick Milton, the author of the letter, writes, “I am writing in response to the article ‘Protecting Our Public Spaces’
in issue 14, published this spring. In it, the author claims that ‘all graffiti is vandalism, pure and simple, and offers no benefit to our
public spaces.’” This tells us that the author of the article “Protecting Our Public Spaces” believes that graffiti provides no benefit to
public spaces. Throughout the letter, Derrick Milton disagrees with the author of the article by arguing that graffiti is indeed an art
form and as such does provide benefits to the public. Since Derrick disagrees with the author of the article, we can infer that the
author of the article apparently believes that graffiti is not an art form. Therefore (A) is correct. The author of the letter, Derrick
Milton, claims that graffiti can only sometimes be considered a work of art. However, we cannot infer that this is also the belief of the
author of the article “Protecting Our Public Spaces.” Therefore (B) is incorrect. The author of the article claims that “all graffiti is
vandalism, pure and simple.” This suggests that the author apparently believes graffiti is not allowed anywhere, because he or she
believes it is an illegal act of vandalism everywhere. This means (C) is incorrect. Although we can infer that the author of the article
apparently believes graffiti is not art, we cannot infer the reasoning behind this belief. Therefore, we cannot infer that the author of
the article believes that graffiti is too simple to be considered art. This makes (D) incorrect.
3) B
To answer this detail question correctly, we need to find where the author discusses graffiti such as random words sprayed on stop
signs in the passage. A good way to do this is to scan the topic sentence of each paragraph, since this sentence will likely tell us
what information can be found in the rest of that paragraph. The topic sentence of paragraph 4 reads: “To be clear, I do not consider
random words or names sprayed on stop signs to be art.” This lets us know that the details we are looking for can likely be found in
paragraph 4. In paragraph 4, Derrick Milton writes, “To be clear, I do not consider random words or names sprayed on stop signs to
be art.” This means that according to Derrick, random words sprayed on stop signs are not art. Therefore (B) is correct. Derrick says
in the next sentence that “Plenty of graffiti is just vandalism, pure and simple.” This suggests that he considers random words
sprayed on stop signs to be vandalism, and therefore illegal. This eliminates choices (A) and (C). Later in the paragraph, Derrick
discusses other works of graffiti that are detailed, realistic, and creative. However, he does not say that random words sprayed on
stop signs are not creative. He may believe this to be true, but Derrick does not say it in his letter. This means (D) is incorrect.
4) D
intricate (adjective): having many different parts; complex; complicated.
In paragraph 4, the author writes, “However, there is also graffiti that is breathtaking in its intricate detail, its realism, or its creativity.
It takes great talent to create such involved designs with spray paint.” In this paragraph, the author argues that some graffiti can be
considered art because it takes “great talent” to create pieces with “such involved designs” and “intricate detail” using only cans of
spray paint. Since spray paint is sprayed, it can be understood that it is difficult to form complicated details using it. To make such
complicated details, it would take a talented artist. From this we can understand that intricate detail must be involved or complex,
something that only a talented artist could accomplish with such a medium. A maze with many different paths that curl around each
other in a complicated pattern could also be considered complex. This lets us know that (D) accurately describes something that is
intricate. Therefore it is the correct choice. Choices (A), (B), and (C) do not accurately describe something that is involved or
complex. Therefore they are incorrect.
5) A
Derrick Milton writes this letter to object to a statement made in an article that “all graffiti is vandalism, pure and simple, and offers
no benefit to our public spaces.” Throughout the passage, Derrick provides reasons why he believes that all graffiti is not just
vandalism and why it can sometimes qualify as art. In paragraph 3, he writes that graffiti is “the ultimate public art form” because it is
“free of charge” and can be seen by “everyone who passes by.” In paragraph 4, he explains that it takes “great talent” to create
“graffiti that is breathtaking in its intricate detail, its realism, or its creativity.” From these details, we can understand that the author
believes that graffiti is not just vandalism, it can be an art form, and as such it can offer benefits to public spaces. The sentence that
best illustrates these feelings is: “I would like to point out that many people believe that graffiti is an art form that can benefit our
public spaces just as much as sculpture, fountains, or other, more accepted art forms.” Therefore (A) is correct. The sentence
“People who object to graffiti usually do so more because of where it is, not what it is” illustrates how others feel about graffiti art, not
how the author feels. This means (B) is incorrect. The sentence “Spray paint is a medium unlike any other” illustrates how the
author feels about spray paint, but not how the author feels about graffiti art in general. This makes (C) incorrect. The sentence “To
declare that all graffiti is vandalism, and nothing more, is an overly simplistic statement that I find out of place in such a thoughtful
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
3
publication as your magazine” illustrates how the author feels about the statement that all graffiti is vandalism. However, it does not
illustrate how the author feels specifically about graffiti art. Therefore (D) is incorrect.
6) B
To answer this question correctly, it is helpful to look at the context surrounding this sentence. In paragraph 4, Derrick Milton states,
“Plenty of graffiti is just vandalism, pure and simple.” In the previous sentence, he claims, “To be clear, I do not consider random
words or names sprayed on stop signs to be art.” From this we can infer that Derrick wants to clarify that he does not believe that all
graffiti qualifies as art. In the following sentence, he specifies the type of graffiti that he believes is art: “graffiti that is breathtaking in
its intricate detail, its realism, or its creativity.” The context tells us that Derrick wants to be sure we know that he does not believe all
graffiti qualifies as art. He notes that there is plenty of graffiti that is nothing more than vandalism in order to clarify the limits of his
position. Therefore (B) is correct. Derrick does not go so far as to agree completely with the author of “Protect Our Public Spaces.”
Instead, he concedes one point on which they may agree. This means (A) is incorrect. This statement is an exception to his overall
argument that graffiti is an art form, so it does not necessarily support his overall argument. This makes (C) incorrect. This
statement qualifies Derrick’s overall position. It is something that limits his own position, not a summary of it the counterargument to
his position. This eliminates (D).
7) B
In the final paragraph, Derrick Milton writes: “Furthermore, graffiti is not going anywhere, so we might as well find a way to live with it
and enjoy its benefits. One option could be to make a percentage of public space, such as walls or benches in parks, open to graffiti
artists. By doing this, the public might feel like part owners of these works of art, rather than just the victims of a crime.” In these
sentences, Derrick identifies a problem, which is that graffiti is not going anywhere. Then he offers an “option” to make the public
more receptive to graffiti: to open up some public space to graffiti artists so they have a place to make their art legally. This option
could be considered a solution to the problem of how people view graffiti. This means that Derrick concludes his letter by offering a
solution. Therefore (B) is correct. Derrick writes, “To declare that all graffiti is vandalism, and nothing more, is an overly simplistic
statement that I find out of place in such a thoughtful publication as your magazine.” Although he criticizes the statement made in
the article, he actually compliments the magazine by calling it a “thoughtful publication.” This eliminates (A). While Derrick does
restate his position and identify the benefits of graffiti at other points in his letter, he does not do these things in the concluding
paragraph. Therefore choices (C) and (D) are incorrect.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
4
泛美国际
Name_
Date
• Reading Comprehension 7
Level 8
Directions: Read the passage. Then answer the questions below.
Gold used in jewelry is mixed with harder metals to add strength and durability. The metals added
can also be used to change gold’s color, giving it a fashionable rose or white tint, or to lighten or darken
the natural yellow tone of pure gold. Mixtures like these, of less costly metals with more valuable ones,
are called alloys. Copper and silver are the most common metals mixed with gold to make yellow gold
jewelry. White gold is usually made with an alloy of gold and nickel.
The measure of gold’s purity is called a karat. The higher the karat rating, the higher the amount
of pure gold: 24 karat is pure gold,18 karat is 75% pure gold, 14 karat is 58.5% pure gold, and 9 karat is
37.5% pure gold. All other things being equal, the higher the percentage of pure gold used in the alloy,
the more valuable and expensive the jewelry will be.
Gold jewelry pieces are usually stamped with a marking to identify the karat amount. While gold
that is 24K is too soft for jewelry, 18K, 14K and 9K gold are all appropriate for jewelry, and they all make
pieces that look great and wear beautifully.
Questions
1) Which of the following statements best captures the main idea of this passage?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Although gold is very valuable, it is also very expensive.
Gold jewelry is stamped with its karat weight.
Gold jewelry is made using alloys.
Colored gold is more valuable than white gold.
2) Based on information in the passage, it can be understood that pure gold is
A.
B.
C.
D.
not used to make rings
stamped with 100K
an alloy of different metals
colorless
3) According to the passage, the use of other metals in gold alloys
I. can be used to make the gold different color
II. makes jewelry more expensive
III. makes gold more flexible
A.
B.
C.
D.
I only
I and II only
II and III only
I, II, and III
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
1
4) Based on its use in the passage, it can be understood that which of the following is most similar to an
alloy?
A.
B.
C.
D.
a karat
a blend
an ingredient
an accessory
5) With respect to the relationship between gold and its karat rating, which of the following statements
is/are true?
I. The lower the karat rating, the less pure the gold.
II. The higher the karat rating, the more expensive the gold.
III. The higher the karat rating, the more valuable the gold.
A.
B.
C.
D.
I only
I and II only
II and III only
I, II, and III
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
2
Answers and Explanations
1) C
To determine the main idea of a passage, we need to examine the content of each paragraph. In paragraph 1, the author states that
“gold used in jewelry is mixed with harder metals” and that these “mixtures…are called alloys.” Paragraph 2 describes how these
alloys are measured and labeled. Paragraph 3 explains which alloys are used in making jewelry. From this information, we can
determine that the main idea of the passage is best stated in choice (C). Therefore it is correct. Although the passage does talk
about the value of gold, it does not provide information about whether gold is very expensive or not; all we learn is that “the higher
the percentage of pure gold used in the alloy, the more valuable and expensive the jewelry will be.” This means (A) is incorrect. The
fact that jewelry is stamped with its karat weight is only one fact in paragraph 3. It is too specific to be the main idea of this passage,
so (B) is incorrect. The passage tells us that colored gold and white gold are made using different metals, but it does not provide
any information about which type is more valuable. Therefore (D) is incorrect.
2) A
In paragraph 2, we learn that “24 karat is pure gold.” In paragraph 3, we learn that 24K is “too soft for jewelry.” Since 24K gold is
pure gold, this means that pure gold is too soft for jewelry and therefore not used to make rings. This makes (A) correct. As
explained above, pure gold is stamped with 24K, not 100K, so (B) is incorrect. Pure gold is the only type of gold that is 100% gold
and is therefore not an alloy of different metals. This means (C) is incorrect. Paragraph 1 mentions “the natural yellow tone of pure
gold,” which tells us that pure gold is not colorless. This makes (D) incorrect.
3) A
In paragraph 1, we learn that the other metals mixed with pure gold can be used to “change gold’s color.” This supports option (I).
In paragraph 3, we learn that the price of jewelry increases when a higher amount of pure gold is used in the alloy and decreases
when a higher amount of other metals are used. This means using other metals in gold alloys makes gold less expensive. This
eliminates option (II). In paragraph 1, we learn that “gold used in jewelry is mixed with harder metals for strength and durability.”
This means the use of other metals in gold alloys makes jewelry stronger and more durable, but the sentence does not imply that it
makes gold more flexible. In fact, if other metals make gold stronger and more durable, they are likely to make gold less flexible.
This eliminates option (III). Therefore (A) is correct.
4) B
alloy (noun): a mixture of a less costly metal and a more valuable one.
In paragraph 1, an alloy is defined as a mixture “of less costly metals with more valuable ones.” Another word for mixture is blend.
Therefore (B) is correct. A karat is “The measure of gold’s purity…” as we learn in paragraph 2. A measurement is not like a mixture,
so (A) is incorrect. A mixture is made up of ingredients, but the mixture refers to the final blend, not just one of the ingredients. This
means (C) is incorrect. A piece of jewelry is considered a fashion accessory, but an accessory is not a kind of mixture. This means
(D) is incorrect.
5) D
In paragraph 2, the author writes, "The higher the karat rating, the higher the amount of pure gold." This means that in contrast, it is
true that the lower the karat rating, the less pure the gold. This supports option (I). In paragraph 2, the author writes, "All other
things being equal, the higher the percentage of pure gold used in the alloy, the more valuable and expensive the jewelry will be."
Since the percentage of pure gold used in the alloy is represented by the karat rating, we can understand that it is true that the
higher the karat rating, the more expensive, and therefore, the more valuable, the gold. This supports option (II) and option (III).
Therefore (D) is correct.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
3
泛美国际
Name_
Date
• Reading Comprehension 8
Level 8
Directions: Read the passage. Then answer the questions below.
The hammer may be the oldest tool we have record of. Stone hammers—some of the oldest
human artifacts ever discovered—date back as early as 2,600,000 BCE. Not only is the hammer the
oldest tool, but it is also the greatest. What makes the hammer so great is its simplicity, power, and
usefulness.
The structure of the hammer is relatively simple—a fact largely responsible for its early invention
and widespread distribution across cultures and geographic regions. The hammer is composed of two
main parts: a handle and a head. The handle is used to swing the hammer. The head is used to hit other
objects.
While the hammer is a very simple tool, it is still able to generate tremendous power. This power
results from two factors: the weight of the head, and the speed at which the hammer is swung. Every
hammer (though some more than others) has a large distribution of weight at the head. When a hammer
is swung, this weight pivots about the hand, which acts as a fulcrum. The handle carries the weight at a
distance, acting as a lever arm, so a longer handle means increased speed. The weight of the head
together with the speed generated by the lever arm is what gives the hammer so much power. The
heavier the head and the faster it is swung, the more power a hammer produces.
In addition to the hammer's great power, it also has an exceptionally wide range of useful
applications. The purpose of the hammer-- to hit-- is a universal action that can accomplish many tasks.
Let's start with the obvious: a hammer can be made to pound nails. But a hammer has many other uses
as well. It can break apart hard objects such as brick or concrete. It can bend and shape metal or steel. It
can gently tap objects to make small adjustments. It can be used to make sculpture or pottery. It can be
used in the hot, harsh business of blacksmithing as well as in delicate operations like crafting jewelry. In
times of desperation, it can even be used as a weapon.
The hammer truly is a great tool. It is simple, powerful, and useful. A quintessential symbol of
labor, the hammer has come to represent hard work and embody the spirit of human industry.
Questions
1) The thesis statement is one sentence that clearly communicates what the author plans to discuss in
the passage. Based on this information, which of the following sentences from the passage is its
thesis statement?
A. "The hammer may be the oldest tool we have record of."
B. "Not only is the hammer the oldest tool, but it is also the greatest."
C. "A quintessential symbol of labor, the hammer has come to represent hard work and embody the
spirit of human industry."
D. "What makes the hammer so great is its simplicity, power, and usefulness."
2) Which of the following best describes the organization of this passage?
A.
B.
C.
D.
introduction, supporting paragraphs, conclusion
introduction, examples, supporting paragraphs, conclusion
history, examples, conclusion
history, introduction, supporting paragraphs
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
1
3) Based on information in the passage, it can be inferred that which of the following hammers is
capable of generating the most power?
A.
B.
C.
D.
a claw hammer, because it can be swung very fast
a ball-peen hammer, because it has a medium length handle and a small head
a sledge hammer, because it has a long handle and a heavy head
a bush hammer, because it has a long handle and a light head
4) Based on information in the passage, all of the following people might reasonably use a hammer at
work except
A.
B.
C.
D.
a sculptor who works in different metals
an artist who makes earrings
the driver of a concrete mixer
a carpenter who frames wooden houses
5) As used in the final paragraph, which of the following describes something quintessential?
A. Jean-Michel finds a prize at the bottom of a cereal box. Once he digs it out, he sees that it is a
cheap plastic toy car. After playing with it for a few minutes, he throws it in the trash.
B. Veterans agree that there are many songs that accurately depict the struggles faced by U.S.
soldiers during the Vietnam War.
C. While the buildings that line the streets in downtown Manhattan are very impressive, what visitors
tend to remember most about New York City are the signature yellow taxi cabs that appear nearly
everywhere.
D. During the first three months of its life, our newborn baby cried at night. It was only after we
implemented a strict routine of feeding, sleeping, and activity time that we were finally able to
enjoy a soundless night.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
2
Answers and Explanations
1) D
The thesis statement is one sentence that clearly communicates what the author plans to discuss in the passage, and it is usually
(but not always) found at the end of the introduction, so that is a good place to look. In this passage, the last sentence of the
introduction is What makes the hammer so great is its simplicity, power, and usefulness. We can confirm that this is the thesis
statement by examining the rest of the passage. In paragraph 2, the author describes the simple physical makeup of the hammer. In
paragraph 3, we learn how its design allows the hammer to be so powerful. In paragraph 4, the author describes how the hammer
can be used in many different ways. This means that the passage is about how a hammer is simple, powerful, and useful, all ideas
that are mentioned in the thesis statement. Therefore (D) is correct. The only place the passage discusses the age of the hammer is
in the first paragraph, but a thesis statement should tell the reader what is discussed in the entire passage. This means (A) is
incorrect. The passage is not simply a statement that the hammer is great. It is a detailed description of the design and usefulness
of the hammer. This rules out (B). As explained above, the passage is about how the hammer works and how it is useful. Only one
sentence at the end is about what the hammer represents. This means (C) is also incorrect.
2) A
The opening paragraph tells us that hammers are very simple, powerful, and useful. Paragraph 2 explains the simple structure of
the hammer. Paragraph 3 explains how the hammer creates power. Paragraph 4 describes how useful the hammer is. Paragraph 5
concludes by repeating the idea that the hammer is “simple, powerful, and useful.” This means paragraph 1 introduces the idea that
the hammer is simple, powerful, and useful; paragraphs 2- 4 support that idea; and paragraph 5 is a conclusion. Since the
organization of this passage can best be described as introduction, supporting paragraphs, conclusion, (A) is the correct choice.
There are no examples given between the introduction and the supporting paragraphs, so (B) is incorrect. The passage tells us that
the hammer is old, but it does not provide a history of the hammer. This rules out (C) and (D).
3) C
In paragraph 3, the author explains that “the heavier the head and the faster it is swung, the more power a hammer produces.” We
can understand from this sentence that the hammer that will generate the most power is the hammer with the heaviest head that
can be swung the fastest. Also, the author tells us that “a longer handle means increased speed.” From this we can understand that
the hammer capable of generating the most power will be the one with the heaviest head and the longest handle. The long handle
combined with a heavy head make the sledge hammer the most powerful hammer on the list. This means (C) is correct. Although a
claw hammer can be swung fast, we are not provided information about the weight of its head. If it has a light weight head, it cannot
generate much power. This means (A) is incorrect. A ball-peen hammer has a medium-length handle and a small head, so it would
be less powerful than a sledge hammer. This means (B) is incorrect. A bush hammer has a long handle, but a light head, so it would
be less powerful than a sledge hammer. Therefore (D) is incorrect.
4) C
In paragraph 4, the author describes the various uses for a hammer. The author writes, “A hammer can be made to pound nails. But
a hammer has many other uses as well. It can break apart hard objects such as brick or concrete. It can bend and shape metal or
steel. It can gently tap objects to make small adjustments. It can be used to make sculpture or pottery. It can be used in the hot,
harsh business of blacksmithing as well as in delicate operations like crafting jewelry.” This question asks us to find the one person
who would probably not use a hammer at work. It is best to use process of elimination to find this answer. The author claims that a
hammer can “make sculpture” as well as “shape metal,” so a sculptor who works in metal could use a hammer. This eliminates (A).
The author also says that a hammer can be used “in delicate operations like crafting jewelry.” Since earrings are a type of jewelry,
an artist who makes earrings could use a hammer. This eliminates (B). The author says that a “hammer can be made to pound
nails.” It is reasonable to believe that a carpenter who frames wooden houses would use a hammer at work. This eliminates (D).
Although the author says that a hammer can “break apart hard objects such as brick or concrete,” the driver of a concrete mixer
does not necessarily have to break concrete apart. He or she probably just drives the truck, so the passage does not support the
idea that the driver of a concrete mixer could use a hammer at work. This means (C) is the correct choice.
5) C
quintessential (adjective): representing the perfect or best example of something; the most typical.
In paragraph 1, we learn that the hammer is perhaps the oldest human tool. In paragraph 2, we learn that it is a very basic tool. At
the end of the passage, the author writes, “A quintessential symbol of labor, the hammer has come to represent hard work and
embody the spirit of human industry.” This sentence tells us that the hammer represents hard work and human industry. Because it
is a very old, basic tool that represents hard work, we can infer that the hammer is the perfect, or most typical, symbol of labor. From
this we can understand that quintessential means representing the perfect example of something, or the most typical. If what visitors
remember most about New York City are the “signature yellow taxi cabs,” then when people think of the city, they think of yellow taxi
cabs. This means that the yellow taxi cabs are the single most typical feature—the quintessential feature—of New York City.
Therefore (C) is correct. A plastic toy car in a cereal box is not a perfect representation of something else, so (A) is incorrect.
Something that is quintessential is the perfect or best example of something. Many songs that accurately depict soldiers’ struggles
are not a single best song or a perfect example. This means that many songs cannot be an example of something quintessential.
Therefore (B) is incorrect. A strict routine to help a baby sleep through the night is an example of a solution to a problem, not an
example of a perfect representation of something. This means (D) is incorrect.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
3
泛美国际
Name_
Date
• Sentence Completion 1
Level 8
Directions: Complete the sentence using the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the
meaning of the sentence as a whole.
1. Ludwig van Beethoven was a musical
5. The novelist had
, playing his first professional
concert at only seven years old.
manner that
could irk anyone; after all, no one likes
.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
hack
phenomenon
spectacle
fluke
prodigy
2. Stephen’s parents encourage him to
a meek … a genius
a pompous … an egotist
a standoffish … a bore
an arrogant … an optimist
an assertive … a braggart
6. Known for her patience and kindness,
pursue a
career in medicine or
law; they want to see him become rich
and successful.
Nurse Steele is one of the most
employees in the entire
hospital.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
stressful
worthwhile
rewarding
lucrative
prestigious
3. Although Dina is
about the
governor’s reelection campaign, Carla
regards it with
.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
passionate … indifference
reckless … callousness
upset … carelessness
exuberant … enthusiasm
exceptional … zeal
4. Students who are interested in foreign
languages are encouraged to
their studies by adding courses in
linguistics to their schedules.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
accelerate
condense
supplement
prolong
duplicate
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
boorish
benign
genial
irritable
contrary
7. Many Horatio Alger stories feature
young man who is able to
achieve the American Dream because
of his own hard work and merit.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
a fortunate
an insolent
a ruthless
a diligent
a negligent
8. Six months of chemotherapy and
radiation have left my cancer-stricken
aunt looking unhealthy and
.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
gaunt
brawny
vigorous
svelte
trim
1
Answers and Explanations
1) E
The main clue in this question is the phrase “playing his first professional concert at only seven years old.” This describes
Beethoven’s musical skills and implies that he had great talent at a young age. The missing word describes what Beethoven
was. A prodigy is someone who has great talent or ability at a very young age, so choice (E) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because a hack is a person who works solely for money. Nothing in the prompt implies that Beethoven played
music only for money.
(B) is incorrect because a phenomenon is a rare or significant occurrence or event. Although it is not common to see child
musicians as highly skilled as Beethoven was, this is too general in meaning to work in context. A phenomenon can be
something besides a talented child.
(C) is incorrect because a spectacle is a notable or entertaining public display. Although it is not common to see child
musicians as highly skilled as Beethoven was, this is too general in meaning to work in context. A spectacle can be something
besides a talented child.
(D) is incorrect because a fluke is a mistake or stroke of luck. Nothing in the prompt implies that Beethoven’s skill was the
result of a mistake.
2) D
The main clue in this sentence is the semicolon, which is used to link independent clauses that state similar information. This
means that what Stephen’s parents “encourage him to pursue” is related to the fact that “they want to see him become rich and
successful.” The missing word must therefore mean rich and successful. Since lucrative means producing a great deal of profit,
choice (D) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because stressful means causing mental or emotional anguish. There is no logical relationship between having
a career that is stressful and becoming “rich and successful.” Many stressful jobs do not lead to high earnings or wealth.
(B) is incorrect because worthwhile means important or worth the time and effort spent. There is no logical relationship
between having a career that is worthwhile and becoming “rich and successful.” Many worthwhile and important careers do not
result in high earnings or wealth.
(C) is incorrect because rewarding means providing satisfaction. There is no logical relationship between having a career that
is rewarding and becoming “rich and successful,” since rewarding is not synonymous with making money.
(E) is incorrect because prestigious means inspiring respect and admiration. There is no logical relationship between a career
that is prestigious and becoming “rich and successful.” Not all prestigious or high-status careers necessarily result in high
earnings or wealth.
3) A
The main clue in this question is the word “although,” which means that two things are related in a negative or opposite way.
The correct choice will set up an opposite relationship between how Dina feels “about the governor’s reelection campaign” and
how Carla regards it. Passionate means showing strong feelings, while indifference is a lack of interest or concern. These are
opposites, so choice (A) is correct.
(B) is incorrect because it does not provide a pair of opposites. Reckless means careless, while callousness is hardheartedness or showing no sympathy. These words have no clear relationship.
(C) is incorrect because it does not provide a pair of opposites. Upset means unhappy or worried, while carelessness is
negligence or a lack of care. These words have no clear relationship.
(D) is incorrect because it does not provide a pair of opposites. Exuberant means filled with lively energy and excitement, while
enthusiasm is eagerness and enjoyment. These words are almost synonyms, not opposites of each other.
(E) is incorrect because it does not provide a pair of opposites. Exceptional means outstanding or very good, while zeal is great
energy or enthusiasm. These words have no clear relationship.
4) C
The main clue in this question is the phrase “adding courses in linguistics.” This phrase explains how students can do what the
missing word describes. By adding courses, one would be adding to “their studies,” so the missing word must mean add.
Because supplement means to make something more complete by adding to it, choice (C) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because accelerate means to speed up. Nothing in the prompt implies that linguistics courses can make a
student’s education go by faster.
(B) is incorrect because condense means to concentrate or shorten. Nothing in the prompt implies that linguistics courses can
make a student’s education become shorter.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
2
(D) is incorrect because prolong means to make longer. Nothing in the prompt implies that linguistics courses can make a
student’s education grow longer.
(E) is incorrect because duplicate means to make a second copy. Nothing in the prompt implies that linguistics courses can
make a student’s education double or be copied.
5) B
The main clue in this question is the phrase “after all,” which links together clauses that state similar information. Here, the part
of the sentence that contains “after all” is used to explain why the novelist’s tone “could irk anyone.” This means that the
author’s “manner” must relate to what “no one likes.” Pompous means arrogant or affectedly self-important, while an egotist is
someone who is self-conceited or arrogant. These words have similar meanings, so choice (B) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because it does not set up a logical relationship. Meek means submissive, while a genius is someone who is
very smart. These words have no clear relationship.
(C) is incorrect because it does not set up a logical relationship. Standoffish means unfriendly, while a bore is someone who is
dull and uninteresting. These words have no clear relationship.
(D) is incorrect because it does not set up a logical relationship. Arrogant means having an inflated or exaggerated view of
oneself, while an optimist is someone who is hopeful and confident about the future. These words have no clear relationship.
(E) is incorrect because it does not set up a logical relationship. Assertive means having a confident and forceful personality,
while a braggart is someone who brags or boasts about himself or herself. These words have no clear relationship, since an
assertive person might not be a braggart.
6) C
The main clue in this question is the phrase “known for her patience and kindness.” This phrase, like the missing word,
describes Nurse Steele, so the missing word must likewise mean patient or kind. Because genial means friendly and cheerful,
choice (C) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because boorish means insensitive or crude. This does not set up a logical relationship with the fact that Nurse
Steele is “known for her patience and kindness.”
(B) is incorrect because benign means harmless. Although this may describe Nurse Steele, nothing in the prompt implies that
she is either harmful or harmless.
(D) is incorrect because irritable means easily angered. This does not set up a logical relationship with the fact that Nurse
Steele is “known for her patience and kindness.”
(E) is incorrect because contrary means oppositional or unfavorable. This does not set up a logical relationship with the fact
that Nurse Steele is “known for her patience and kindness.”
7) D
The main clue in this question is the phrase “hard work,” which describes the “young man” in the stories. The missing word
likewise describes the young man, so it must also mean hardworking. Because diligent means hardworking, choice (D) is
correct.
(A) is incorrect because fortunate means lucky. This does not work because being lucky is not related to being hardworking.
(B) is incorrect because insolent means rude and arrogant. Nothing in the prompt implies that the “young man” in the stories is
either rude or arrogant, since the prompt only implies that he is hardworking.
(C) is incorrect because ruthless means having no pity or compassion for others. Nothing in the prompt implies that the “young
man” in the stories lacks compassion for others, since the prompt only implies that he is hardworking.
(E) is incorrect because negligent means careless. Nothing in the prompt implies that the “young man” in the stories is
careless, since the prompt only implies that he is hardworking.
8) A
The main clues in this question are “cancer-stricken” and “unhealthy.” The correct choice must describe the narrator’s aunt’s
appearance as it relates to these two qualities. Both of these are characteristics describing someone who is ill. Gaunt means
unhealthily or excessively thin, and it would describe someone who is sick, so choice (A) is correct.
(B) is incorrect because brawny means muscular or powerful. This word does not set up a logical relationship with “cancerstricken” and “unhealthy.”
(C) is incorrect because vigorous means strong or powerful. This word does not set up a logical relationship with “cancerstricken” and “unhealthy.”
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
3
(D) is incorrect because svelte means healthily trim or thin. This word does not set up a logical relationship with “cancerstricken” and “unhealthy.”
(E) is incorrect because trim means thin or fit. This word not set up a logical relationship with “cancer-stricken” and “unhealthy.”
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
4
泛美国际
Name_
Date
• Sentence Completion 2
Level 8
Directions: Complete the sentence using the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the
meaning of the sentence as a whole.
1. The villain’s henchman was
5. The death of the king left the nation in
, following every degrading
command without hesitation or
question.
a state of
: without a clear
successor, conditions rapidly
descended into
.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
humble
freethinking
uppity
servile
modest
2. In our system, one must be sworn into
confederation … disorder
sorrow … tumult
anarchy … chaos
panic … tranquility
mutiny … serenity
6. When the dentist removed my wisdom
office, so, although the candidate won
the election in November, he will not
become president until he is
in
January.
teeth, she used drugs to the pain and
make me unconscious—if she hadn’t,
the pain from the operation would
have been
.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
inaugurated
baptized
discharged
established
annulled
3. Coleen’s knee injury
her from
furthering her career as a longdistance runner.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
forbids
facilitates
precludes
nurtures
eschews
4. Because of her use of convoluted
language, the professor failed to
her ideas to her students; they
later argued that her poor
communication skills resulted in
confusion and misunderstanding.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
bequeath
contract
commit
yield
convey
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
sedate … uncomfortable
amplify … fierce
dull … excruciating
heighten … exquisite
quell … moderate
7. It is
that this message be
delivered to the general, so be
absolutely certain he gets it.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
imperative
optional
intentional
adequate
abnormal
8. Leila is
reader and has read
more than eighty books this year.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
a careful
an avid
a casual
a reluctant
an occasional
1
Answers and Explanations
1) D
The main clue in this question is the phrase “following every degrading command without hesitation or question.” This phrase
explains or elaborates on the meaning of the missing word, so the missing word must refer to following every command without
question. Servile means having an excessive willingness to serve others, so choice (D) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because humble means modest or deferential. Although this may describe the henchman, it is not strong
enough to work in context. It does not refer to the fact that the henchman’s work was “degrading” or that he did it “without
hesitation or question.”
(B) is incorrect because freethinking means independently forming opinions or beliefs. This does not describe someone who
follows “degrading” commands “without hesitation or question.”
(C) is incorrect because uppity means arrogant or self-asserting. This does not describe someone who follows “degrading”
commands “without hesitation or question.”
(E) is incorrect because modest means humble or not proud. Although this may describe the henchman, it is not strong enough
to work in context. It does not refer to the fact that the henchman’s work was “degrading” or that he did it “without hesitation or
question.”
2) A
The main clue in this question is the word “so,” which links parts of a sentence joined by a cause-and-effect relationship. This
means there is a logical relationship between the fact that “one must be sworn into office” and what must happen before the
elected candidate can “become president.” This means that the missing word must likewise mean sworn in. Because
inaugurated means admitted formally to public office, choice (A) is correct.
(B) is incorrect because baptized means admitted to a specific church through a water-based rite or ceremony. Nothing in this
prompt suggests any religion or religious rite.
(C) is incorrect because discharged means relieved of or released from duty. The prompt implies that the candidate will
assume his duties in January, not that he will be released from them.
(D) is incorrect because established means instituted or set up. Although the winning candidate will be established as president
in January, this is not the strongest choice, since established is too broad in meaning and does not specifically refer to a formal
swearing in.
(E) is incorrect because annulled means eliminated or voided. The prompt implies that the candidate will assume his duties in
January, not that his election victory will be voided.
3) C
The main clues in this question are “knee injury” and “long-distance runner.” If a long-distance runner were to have a knee
injury, her career would likely end, since one cannot have bad knees and be a successful runner. The missing word should
imply that the knee injury damaged her career, and because precludes means makes impossible or prevents from happening,
choice (C) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because forbids means refuses to allow or bans. Coleen’s injury cannot literally forbid her to run. Only people
can forbid one another from doing things, because forbidding involves issuing a command or demand.
(B) is incorrect because facilitates means makes possible or makes easy. Coleen’s injury will not make it easier for her to run.
Rather, it will prevent her from running, so this is the opposite of a correct choice.
(D) is incorrect because nurtures means cares for or fosters. Coleen’s injury will not make it easier for her to run. Rather, it will
prevent her from running, so this is the opposite of a correct choice.
(E) is incorrect because eschews means avoids or abstains. Coleen may have to abstain from running as a result of her injury,
but her injury cannot eschew anything itself.
4) E
The main clue in this question is the semicolon, which is used to link independent clauses that are logically linked. This means
that there is a relationship between what the “professor failed to do” and the fact that “poor communication skills resulted in
confusion and misunderstanding.” The convoluted language must have caused the students to misunderstand the professor’s
points, so her language must have failed to explain her ideas. Because convey means to make an idea known to someone,
choice (E) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because bequeath means to leave as an inheritance. Nothing in the prompt implies that the professor is dying
and leaving “her ideas” as an inheritance to others.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
2
(B) is incorrect because contract means to bring upon oneself or incur. The prompt does not state that the professor is trying to
take in the ideas of others. Rather, she is trying to make her students understand her ideas.
(C) is incorrect because commit means to obligate or promise. Nothing in the prompt implies that the professor is giving “her
ideas” as a kind of promise to her students.
(D) is incorrect because yield means to give up or surrender. Nothing in the prompt implies that the professor is giving up “her
ideas” entirely and leaving nothing for herself. Rather, she will retain her own ideas even after sharing them with others.
5) C
The main clue in this question is the colon, which is used to separate explanatory information from the rest of a sentence. This
means that the first missing word is described or elaborated upon by what follows the colon, meaning the two missing words
must have similar meanings, as both describe what happened to the nation after “the death of the king.” Anarchy is a state of
disorder brought on by an absence of authority, while chaos means in a state of complete confusion and disorder. These words
are similar in meaning, so choice (C) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because it does not provide a pair of words with similar meanings. A confederation is an alliance or league,
while disorder means lacking order. These words have no clear relationship.
(B) is incorrect because it does not provide a pair of words with similar meanings. Sorrow is sadness, while tumult means a
state of excitement, confusion, or disorder. These words have no clear relationship.
(D) is incorrect because it does not provide a pair of words with similar meanings. Panic is widespread anxiety, while tranquility
means calm or peacefulness. These words are opposites of each other.
(E) is incorrect because it does not provide a pair of words with similar meanings. A mutiny is an armed rebellion, while serenity
means calm or peacefulness. These words have no clear relationship.
6) C
The main clue in this question is the phrase “if she hadn’t,” a phrase that implies that what the drugs did to the pain was the
opposite of what the pain would have been without the drugs. The two missing words relate to the pain, so they must form a
logical relationship. When one has surgery, there is usually a lot of pain, so it follows that the drugs must have reduced the
pain and that, without the drugs, the pain would have been bad. Because dull means to make less intense, while excruciating
means intensely painful, choice (C) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because it does not set up a logical relationship. Sedate means to calm someone or put someone to sleep,
while uncomfortable means feeling slight pain. Pain cannot be sedated, and the prompt implies that the pain would have been
bad, not merely slight. Thus, neither word works in context.
(B) is incorrect because it does not set up a logical relationship. Amplify means to heighten, while fierce means powerful or
destructive in force. This does not work because it would imply that the drugs made the pain worse but that, without the drugs,
the pain would have still been bad.
(D) is incorrect because it does not set up a logical relationship. Heighten means to intensify, while exquisite means intensely
felt. This does not work because it would imply that the drugs made the pain worse but that, without the drugs, the pain would
have still been bad.
(E) is incorrect because it does not form a logical relationship. Quell means to subdue or put an end to something, while
moderate means average in amount or intensity. This does not work because it would imply that the drugs made the pain go
away but that, without the drugs, the pain would have been tolerable.
7) A
The main clue in this question is the word “so,” which implies a cause-and-effect relationship between the parts of the
sentence. Here, the delivery of the message is a certain way, so one needs to “be absolutely certain” that the message gets
delivered. If one absolutely has to get the message to the general, the message must be very important. Because imperative
means of vital importance, choice (A) is correct.
(B) is incorrect because optional means available to be chosen but not required. This does not work because being optional is
not the same as being important.
(C) is incorrect because intentional means done on purpose. This does not work because being intentional is not the same as
being important.
(D) is incorrect because adequate means sufficient. This does not work because being sufficient is not the same as being
important.
(E) is incorrect because abnormal means unusual. This does not work because being unusual is not the same as being
important.
8)
B
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3
The main clue in this question is the word “and,” which links parts of a sentence that state similar information. This means that
the type of “reader” Leila is relates to the fact that she “has read more than eighty books this year.” Eighty books is a lot of
books, so the missing word must imply that she is a person who is very interested in books. Because avid means having or
showing a keen interest for something, choice (B) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because careful means done with thought and attention. The prompt only implies that Leila reads a lot, not that
she reads with close attention.
(C) is incorrect because casual means relaxed. The prompt only implies that Leila reads a lot, not that she reads in a relaxed
manner.
(D) is incorrect because reluctant means hesitant. A hesitant reader would not be likely to read “more than eighty books this
year.”
(E) is incorrect because occasional means infrequent and irregular. An occasional reader would not read that many books, but
the prompt states that Leila “has read more than eighty books this year.”
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
4
泛美国际
Name_
Date
• Sentence Completion 3
Level 8
Directions: Complete the sentence using the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the
meaning of the sentence as a whole.
1. Though Peter did not appear to be
particularly
, he was easily the
player on the team.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
brawny … strongest
athletic … frailest
husky … bravest
delicate … densest
intelligent … fastest
2. In order to
discussion about
the novel, the teacher asked his
students a series of questions about
its themes.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
advocate
hasten
aggravate
facilitate
perplex
3. Though the attorney did not directly
state that the witness was a liar, the
jury was able to
that the
witness was not
_.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
understand … valuable
imagine … scandalous
infer … trustworthy
deduce … likeable
impose … honest
4. The helicopter
over the scene
of the accident and lingered at a low
altitude.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
soared
hovered
excelled
collided
stormed
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
5. Jacob’s mother and father both had to
him from his sleep because
he had slept through his alarm.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
fluctuate
deliver
lull
tremble
rouse
6. In an effort to make sure that no one
found the evidence of his crime, Dean
attempted to
it from
investigators.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
condemn
consecrate
conceal
convict
contemplate
7. The bombing of Pearl Harbor was
act of hostility, and the United
States reacted to the blatant act with a
declaration of war on Japan.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
a clandestine
an overt
an inconspicuous
an ambiguous
a petty
8. Allen Ginsberg’s poetry offers
insight into the counterculture of the
1950s; his writings give readers a
deep understanding of the Beat
movement.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
profound
scholarly
cryptic
superficial
shallow
1
Answers and Explanations
1) A
The main clue in this question is the word “though,” which sets up an opposite relationship between how Peter “did not appear
to be particularly” and what he actually was. The missing words describe what he did not appear to be and what he actually
was, so they must be synonyms in order to maintain the opposite relationship. Brawny means strong and muscular, while
strongest means having the most power and ability to move heavy objects. These words have similar meanings, so choice (A)
is correct.
(B) is incorrect because it does not provide a pair of words with similar meanings. Athletic means strong and fit, while frailest
means most weak and delicate. These words are opposites of each other.
(C) is incorrect because it does not provide a pair of words with similar meanings. Husky means strong or hefty, while bravest
means most courageous. These words have no clear relationship, since being strong is not the same as being courageous.
(D) is incorrect because it does not provide a pair of words with similar meanings. Delicate means fragile or easily broken,
while densest means most compacted. These words have no clear relationship.
(E) is incorrect because it does not provide a pair of words with similar meanings. Intelligent means smart, while fastest means
most fast. These words have no clear relationship.
2) D
The main clue in this question is the phrase “the teacher asked his students a series of questions.” This describes what the
teacher did “in order to” have an effect on the class’s “discussion about the novel.” By asking specific questions, the teacher
probably started or encouraged an ongoing discussion, so the missing word must mean encourage or start. Because facilitate
means to make a process easier, choice (D) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because advocate means to defend or support. Nothing in the prompt implies that the teacher needed to defend
the discussion of the novel. The discussion does not appear to have taken place under any threats or attacks.
(B) is incorrect because hasten means to speed up. Nothing in the prompt implies that the teacher needed to make the
discussion happen faster. There are no clues in the prompt that refer to speed or time.
(C) is incorrect because aggravate means to make worse or intensify. Nothing in the prompt implies that the teacher’s
questions made the discussion worse.
(E) is incorrect because perplex means to confuse. Nothing in the prompt implies that the teacher’s questions made the
discussion more confusing.
3) C
The main clue in this question is the word “though,” which indicates a negative or opposite relationship between the two parts
of the sentence. This means that the clause containing the missing words describes something unexpected, given that the “the
attorney did not directly state that the witness was a liar.” If the jury still figured out that the witness was a liar, this would be the
opposite of what is expected. Therefore, the first missing word must describe the jury’s actions or conclusions, while the
second missing word must mean honest, since it is modified by the “not” that precedes it. Because infer means to deduce
something from evidence rather than explicit statements, while trustworthy means reliable or honest, choice (C) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because it does not set up a logical relationship. Understand means to mentally grasp or comprehend, while
valuable means of great worth. Though the jury could have implicitly understood that the “witness was a liar,” being a liar does
not make someone valueless, so this choice does not work.
(B) is incorrect because it does not set up a logical relationship. Imagine means to form a concept or mental image of
something, while scandalous means disgracefully bad. Neither word would work in context, since imagining is not the same as
deducing and scandalous is not the same as honest.
(D) is incorrect because it does not set up a logical relationship. Deduce means to derive as a conclusion from something
known or assumed, while likeable means pleasant and easy to like. Though the attorney might have deduced that the witness
was a liar, deducing is not the same as understanding a hint. Additionally, being a liar does not necessarily mean someone is
unlikeable.
(E) is incorrect because it does not set up a logical relationship. Impose means to forcibly put something in place, while honest
means truthful or sincere. Though the jury might have gathered from the attorney that “the witness was not” honest, it was not
able to force that idea upon anyone.
4) B
The main clue in this question is the word “and,” which is used to link parts of a sentence that state similar information. This
means that there is a relationship between what the helicopter did “over the scene of the accident” and the fact that it “lingered
at a low altitude.” The missing word must, therefore, describe lingering over the scene. Because hovered means remained in
one place in the air, choice (B) is correct.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
2
(A) is incorrect because soared means flew at a great height. This is the opposite of what the prompt implies when it says the
helicopter was “at a low altitude.”
(C) is incorrect because excelled means surpassed or was superior. This word does not relate to flying in the air.
(D) is incorrect because collided means clashed, struck, or made an impact. Nothing in the prompt implies that the helicopter
crashed into anything in the air.
(E) is incorrect because stormed means moved violently or angrily. Nothing in the prompt implies that the helicopter was
moving in a violent or threatening way.
5) E
The main clue in this question is “because,” which indicates a cause-and-effect relationship between the two clauses of this
sentence. This means that “because” Jacob “had slept through his alarm,” his parents had to do something. An alarm clock
usually wakes someone up, so it follows that his parents had to wake him up. Because rouse means to wake or bring out of
sleep, choice (E) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because fluctuate means to shift uncertainly or in waves. This does not work because fluctuating is not the
same as waking.
(B) is incorrect because deliver means to turn in or hand over. This is not related to waking someone up at all.
(C) is incorrect because lull means to soothe or put to rest. This is the opposite of what Jacob’s parents were trying to do to
him.
(D) is incorrect because tremble means to shake involuntarily or shiver. This does not work because trembling is not the same
as waking.
6) C
The main clue in this question is the phrase “in an effort to make sure that no one found the evidence,” a phrase that explains
why Dean “attempted to” do something. When one wants to make sure no one finds something, he or she attempts to hide it.
The missing word must, therefore, mean hide. Because conceal means to hide or keep out of sight, choice (C) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because condemn means to express complete disapproval of something. This does not work because nothing
in the prompt implies that Dean disapproved of the evidence, as it only states that he wanted “to make sure that no one found”
it.
(B) is incorrect because consecrate means to make something sacred. This does not work because nothing in the prompt
implies that Dean made the evidence sacred, as it only states that he wanted “to make sure that no one found” it.
(D) is incorrect because convict means to declare someone guilty of a crime. “Evidence” cannot be found guilty, so this choice
does not make logical sense.
(E) is incorrect because contemplate means to think about something. This does not work because nothing in the prompt
implies that Dean thought about the evidence, as it only states that he wanted “to make sure that no one found” it.
7) B
The main clue in this question is the word “and,” which links two parts of a sentence that state similar information. This means
that the “act” mentioned in the first part of the sentence is the same as the one mentioned in the second part. Since the act is
referred to as “blatant” later in the sentence, the missing word must likewise mean blatant. Overt means blatant or done or
shown openly, so choice (B) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because clandestine means secret or surreptitious. This is the opposite of a correct choice, since clandestine is
the opposite of “blatant.”
(C) is incorrect because inconspicuous means unnoticeable. This does not work because inconspicuous is not synonymous
with “blatant.”
(D) is incorrect because ambiguous means unclear or open to multiple interpretations. This does not work because ambiguous
is not synonymous with “blatant.”
(E) is incorrect because petty means minor or insignificant. This does not work because petty is not synonymous with “blatant.”
8) A
The main clue in this question is the semicolon, which is used to link independent clauses that are logically linked. This means
that the two clauses here state similar things, so the type of “insight” Ginsberg’s poetry offers is related to the “deep
understanding” his writings give. Thus, the missing word must mean deep. Because profound means deep or intense, choice
(A) is correct.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
3
(B) is incorrect because scholarly means pertaining to academia or study. Although Ginsberg’s poetry can be viewed in a
scholarly way, this does not set up the logical, parallel relationship to “deep” as required by the prompt’s key phrases.
(C) is incorrect because cryptic means secret, ambiguous, or mysterious. Nothing in the prompt implies that Ginsberg’s poetry
was ambiguous or mysterious.
(D) is incorrect because superficial means shallow or external. This is the opposite of the “deep understanding” described by
the prompt.
(E) is incorrect because shallow means superficial or not deep. This is the opposite of the “deep understanding” described by
the prompt.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
4
泛美国际
Name_
Date
• Word Definition 1
Level 8
Directions: Choose the answer choice that best defines the word in capital letters.
1) INFINITE
6) ADMIRABLE
A.
B.
C.
D.
A.
B.
C.
D.
never-ending
appropriate
improved
very small
honorable or worthy
colorful or bright
authentic or real
humorous or funny
2) MODIFY
7) EXCEPTIONAL
A.
B.
C.
D.
A.
B.
C.
D.
to correct
to observe
to change
to pronounce
extremely generous
not included
unusually good
very friendly
3) MANUAL
8) DECREE
A.
B.
C.
D.
A.
B.
C.
D.
by foot
by force
by memory
by hand
to hinder
to consider
to purchase
to command
4) RESIDENT
9) EXOTIC
A.
B.
C.
D.
A.
B.
C.
D.
someone who works for a company
someone who lives somewhere
someone with power over others
someone who educates children
boring because of familiarity
on the outside of something
unusual in an attractive way
unnecessary because of having too
much already
5) WAGE
10) JUSTIFY
A.
B.
C.
D.
payment for work
a bet made on a game
something that is hand-sewn
something with end points
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
A. to extract something small from
something large
B. to criticize someone
C. to take something for a short time
D. to explain the reasons for something
1
Answers and Explanations
1) A
infinite (adjective): never-ending: The universe is infinite: it is the largest thing we can imagine and it has no end.
2) C
modify (verb): to change: Kat’s knee injury prevents her from doing the same exercises as the rest of the team, so she modifies
them in order to stay in shape without hurting herself.
3) D
manual (adjective): by hand: There were no sewing machines in the 1500s, so all clothes were sewn by manual labor.
4) B
resident (noun): someone who lives somewhere: I used to live in the United States, but I am now a resident of Germany.
5) A
wage (noun): a fixed regular payment for doing work: My hourly wage is $10, but the manager says he might increase it to $11 per
hour if I keep up my good work.
6) A
admirable (adjective): honorable or worthy: The senator’s dedication to justice and liberty is admirable.
7) C
exceptional (adjective): unusually good or outstanding: Mr. Gentry said that good work would earn an A, but, since my work was
exceptional, I would earn an A+.
8) D
decree (verb): to command: When the British Parliament decreed that there would be new taxes on many goods in the colonies,
some colonists decided to rebel, as they did not feel that Parliament should have such power over them.
9) C
exotic (adjective): attractively or strikingly unusual or strange in appearance: The tea had an exotic flavor; it was delicious, but it
was like nothing I’d ever tasted before.
10) D
justify (verb): to explain the reasons for something: Ilsa could not justify her unhealthy actions; there was no good excuse for why
she ate the entire pint of ice cream all at once.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
2
泛美国际
Name_
Date
• Word Definition 2
Level 8
Directions: Choose the answer choice that best defines the word in capital letters.
1) DUB
6) SAGA
A.
B.
C.
D.
A.
B.
C.
D.
to delay intentionally
to name unofficially
to contrast starkly
to collide forcefully
a dishonest man
a successful book
a long tale
a well-kept secret
2) ADJACENT
7) IMPULSIVE
A.
B.
C.
D.
A.
B.
C.
D.
slowing something down
above something
moving away from something
next to something
missing due to illness
following a command
making many demands
acting without thinking
3) REVERE
8) TRIVIAL
A.
B.
C.
D.
A.
B.
C.
D.
to align
to honor
to shine
to suspect
powerful
unimportant
sarcastic
burning
4) EMBARK
9) ERA
A.
B.
C.
D.
A. a short-lived event or thing
B. an attempt to completely destroy
something
C. a thing that makes loud sounds
D. a long and distinct period of time
to begin
to applaud
to research
to enclose
5) VICE
10) MINIMIZE
A.
B.
C.
D.
pressure
greed
immorality
secrets
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
A. to reduce something to the smallest
possible size
B. to cut or grind something into small
pieces
C. to satisfy a desire or thirst for something
D. to make sure a place remains
completely unoccupied
1
Answers and Explanations
1) B
dub (verb): to give an unofficial name or nickname to someone or something: Mononucleosis has been dubbed “the kissing
disease,” but this name is not accurate: mono can be caught even without kissing an infected person.
2) D
adjacent (adjective): next to something: Your next-door neighbor lives in the house that is adjacent to yours.
3) B
revere (verb): to honor: The Founding Fathers of the United States are revered with special holidays and monuments, and other
countries similarly honor their former leaders.
4) A
embark (verb): to begin: When my youngest daughter entered kindergarten, I decided to stop being a stay-at-home mom and
embarked on a new career path.
5) C
vice (noun): immorality: My grandfather thinks that Las Vegas is a city of vice, since so much of its economy depends on gambling
and immodesty, which he thinks are sins.
6) C
saga (noun): a long tale: Sturluson wrote many famous Viking sagas, which are long tales about the Viking conquerors and their
mythical gods.
7) D
impulsive (adjective): acting without thinking: Shyla is an impulsive girl who often makes quick decisions she later regrets.
8) B
trivial (verb): unimportant: Mother and Father never have big fights, but they do have lots of little arguments about trivial things like
TV shows and coffee brands.
9) D
era (noun): a long and distinct period of history with particular features or characteristics: The Era of Good Feelings was so called
because it describes the decades in which the United States had a new sense of national purpose and a lack of hostility in politics.
10) A
minimize (verb): to reduce something to the smallest possible size, amount, or degree: Surgeons make sure everything they touch
is completely clean of bacteria and other harmful substances in order to minimize the risk of infection for the patient.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
2
泛美国际
Name_
Date
• Word Definition 3
Level 8
Directions: Choose the answer choice that best defines the word in capital letters.
1) DOCTRINE
6) CONFISCATE
A.
B.
C.
D.
A.
B.
C.
D.
a belief
a desire
a path
a medicine
to stare at
to begin again
to speed up
to take away
2) ENVIOUS
7) SERVILE
A.
B.
C.
D.
A. excessively aggressive toward others
B. excessively tense or awkward around
others
C. excessively willing to please others
D. excessively devoted to religious faith
common
jealous
cheerful
honest
3) TEDIOUS
8) DECEPTIVE
A.
B.
C.
D.
original and creative
beautiful and elegant
firm and persevering
tiresome and dull
A.
B.
C.
D.
misleading
strict
regretful
missing
4) STANCE
9) INSTITUTE
A.
B.
C.
D.
a victory
a vision
a text
a position
A.
B.
C.
D.
to capture
to immigrate
to establish
to block
5) GROPE
10) SLEEK
A.
B.
C.
D.
to twist around
to feel for
to decrease
to result in
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
A.
B.
C.
D.
sharp
smooth
obvious
successful
1
Answers and Explanations
1) A
doctrine (noun): a belief: The Catholic Church teaches the doctrine of papal infallibility, the belief that the Pope’s decrees can never
be wrong.
2) B
envious (adjective): jealous: Christina starts feeling very envious whenever her friends have new clothes or hairstyles; she wants to
look as good as them, or even better.
3) D
tedious (adjective): too long, slow, dull, tiresome, and monotonous: The professor kept rambling on, making for a very tedious class
that each of us could not wait to leave.
4) D
stance (noun): a position: The Republican candidate said he’d consider a military strike against Iran, but the Democrat remained
devoted to his more anti-war stance.
5) B
grope (verb): to feel for: I couldn’t see anything, so I groped for the light switch until I found it.
6) D
confiscate (verb): to take away: Ms. Mills confiscated my cell phone when she noticed that I was secretly using it in class, and she
did not give it back to me until the end of the school day.
7) C
servile (adjective): having an excessive to serve or please others: He has a very servile attitude whenever he interacts with his
boss; even though he dislikes her, he does everything she says without question.
8) A
deceptive (adjective): misleading: The company is very deceptive: it says you can make $500 a week as a salesman, but what it
doesn’t tell you is that you have to buy all the company’s products upfront and then resell them on your own.
9) C
institute (verb): to set in motion or establish something: When the city instituted the new law banning smoking indoors, it became
illegal to consume most tobacco products indoors.
10) B
sleek (adjective): smooth: Although Hanna’s hair was usually a frizzy mess, the stylist made it look sleek and beautiful.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
2