The effect of a sedentary lifestyle
on type 2 diabetes and its
complications
Julianne van der Berg – PhD candidate
“Een zittend leven duurt niet lang”
7-9-2013
“Sitting down can send you to
an early grave”
4-3-2013
“Sedentary lifestyle can kill”
18-7-2012
Sedentary
Latin “sedere” =
to sit
– unique set of
behaviours
– unique health
consequences
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Time spent in sedentary behaviour
Matthews et al. (2008)
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Bennie et al. (2013)
PhD project
1. Patterns of sedentary behaviour
2. Association between sedentary behaviour
and (pre)diabetes
3. Associations between sedentary behaviour
and diabetic complications
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The Maastricht Study
• Observational, prospective populationbased cohort study
• Improve insights in causes and
development (etiology, pathophysiology)
of chronic diseases
– Focus on T2DM and CVD
The Maastricht Study
• 10,000 participants (5,000 T2DM)
• 40-75 years
• 3x 4-hours visit
• Blood samples, physical examination,
lung function, cardiac and vascular
ultrasound, cognitive function, etc.
The Maastricht Study
Numbers
Total: 4,110
This month: 1,000th T2DM
Every week: + 51
The Maastricht Study
• Physical activity and sedentary time
– Accelerometer (ActivPAL™)
• 53 x 35 x 7 mm
• 20 g
ActivPAL™
• Acceleration → “counts”
• Body posture → sitting/lying,
standing, stepping
→ Frequency
→ Duration
→ Intensity
n = 2,815
Possibilities of accelerometry
• Objective measurement
– frequency, duration, intensity
• Patterns of sedentary time
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Dunstan et al. (2009)
Healy et al. (2008)
Limitations of accelerometry
• Misclassification e.g. rowing
• Contextual information
• Distinguish between wake and sleep
time
→ new methodology!
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Current research
• Biomarkers
• Weight gain / obesity
• Metabolic syndrome
• Diabetes
• Cancer
• Mortality
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Healy et al. (2007)
2h plasma glucose
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Hu et al. (2003)
Obesity & Type 2 diabetes
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vd Ploeg et al. (2009)
All cause mortality
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Future research
• Causality
• Dose-response relationships
• Intervention studies
• Determinants
• Measurement studies
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Midlife determinants associated with
sedentary behaviour in old age:
Results from the Age, Gene/Environment
Susceptibility (AGESII)-Reykjavik Study
Objective
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Methods & Materials
• AGES-Reykjavik Study
• 1967
• 30,795
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Methods & Materials
• Outcome measure (old age):
% sedentary minutes of wear time
• Independent variables (midlife):
– Demographic factor
– Socioeconomic factors
– Lifestyle factors
– Biomedical factors
(1)
(3)
(4)
(12)
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Results
• Sex
• 222 men
• 343 women
(39,3%)
(60,7%)
• Age
• 48,8 years → 80,0 years
• Sedentary time
• 75,3% (10.3 hours)
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Results
heart disease
being obese
living in an apartment
living in a duplex
primary education
not being married
0
10
20
30
40
50
sedentary minutes per day
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Discussion
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Discussion
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Conclusions
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Conclusions
Identify target groups for prevention programs
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Tricks to reduce your sitting time
1. Hide your remote.
2. Leave your cell phone in one location.
3. Schedule meetings to take place in far-off
conference rooms.
4. Place your printer far enough away.
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Thank you for
your attention
Contact details:
• [email protected]
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