Evaluation of the anthropogenic
impact on surface water systems:
case of Lower Arges Basin,
Romania
Purpose of the study
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Evaluate the degree of contamination with sewage
water:
•
•
Elfrida M. Carstea*, Gabriela Pavelescu*, Cristian Ioja** and
Luminita Cristescu*
* National Institute of R&D for Optoelectronics, Magurele, RORO-077125, Romania
(E(E-mail: [email protected];
[email protected]; [email protected];
[email protected]; [email protected])
[email protected])
** University of Bucharest, Centre for Environmental Research and
and Impact,
Bucharest, Romania (E(E-mail: [email protected])
[email protected])
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Bucharest sewage water
NO wastewater treatment facility
Potential to use fluorescence spectroscopy for
sewage water detection
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Conclusions
Principles of fluorescence
Fluorescence spectroscopy – pros & cons
S2
•
•
•
•
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Fast
Sensitive
Small quantities of sample
No sample pretreatment
Correlates with standard
methods
Qualitative
Influenced by external
factors
Only organic
contamination
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•
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Internal
conversion
10-12 s
S1
Fluorescence
10-9 s
Absorption
10-15 s
S0
No continuous monitoring fluorescence – based instrument
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Conclusions
• Excitation spectra are mirror images of the emission spectra
• Emission has lower energy compared to absorption
Introduction
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Excitation spectrum
Conclusions
1.0
Polluted water
Intensity (a.u.)
Emission spectrum
Results
Fluorescence spectra
Fluorescence spectra
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Methodology
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
Wavelength (nm)
•
Synchronous fluorescence spectrum
Excitation – emission matrix
350.00
325.00
300.00
275.00
250.00
225.00
abscissa – excitation wavelength
ordinati - emission wavelength
•
375.00
Intensity (a.u.)
Intensity (a.u.)
•
W a v e le n g t h (n m )
400.00
200.00
1000
140
800
500
140
800
700
300
120
250
100
500
120
200
200
120
800
600
600
250
400
100
600
200
600
100
400
80
100
500
150
150
200
600
80
300
150
80
80
400
300
400
60
400
150
100
60
100
400
60
300
100
200
200
40
100
40
200
50
40
200
200
50
50
200
100
100
50
100
20
20
962.48
887.43
812.38
737.33
662.28
587.23
512.18
437.13
362.09
287.04
211.99
136.94
0
0
0
61.89
300
300.00
325.00
350
350.00
400
375.00
400 .00
425.00
Wavelength
(nm)
500-13.16
450
450.00
475.00
500.00
Wavelength (nm)
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Synchronous fluorescence map
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Conclusions
Excitation 300 nm
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Conclusions
Natural Organic Matter (NOM)
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comprises the decay products of animal and plant matter.
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NOM:
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Natural Organic Matter (NOM)
Dissolved Organic Matter
Autochthonous – microbially derived
Allochthonous – terestrially derived
Proteins
Humic substances
Natural Organic Matter
Tryptophan
Dissolved Organic Matter
Introduction
Methodology
Tyrosine
Phenylalanine
Humic acid
Results
Introduction
Conclusions
Methodology
Methodology
Results
Conclusions
Methodology
1 – Sabar River
2 – Colibasi on Arges
River
3 – Hotarele on Arges
River
4 – Budesti on Dambovita
River
5 – Soldanu on Arges
River
6 – Clatesti on Arges
River
7 – Sampling point on
Danube
8 –Dambovita River
9 –Dambovita River
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•
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NO water treatment facility
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•
•
Introduction
Methodology
Fulvic acid
Particulate Organic Matter
Results
Introduction
Conclusions
Methodology
Results
Methodology
Conclusions
Results
1.0
1.0
•
Polluted water
Sabar
Hotarele
Colibasi
Clatesti
Budesti (morning)
Budesti (noon)
0.8
0.6
Intensity (a.u.)
•
Samples taken every
season
Measured within 24 h
from collection
Preserved at aprox. 40 C
Intensity (a.u.)
•
February 2007
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.0
0.2
250
300
350
400
450
Wavelength (nm)
0.0
300
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•
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Spectrofluorimeter PerkinElmer LS 55
Portable spectrograph Ocean Optics USB2000–
USB2000– FL
Pulsed light source Xenon PXPX-2.
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•
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•
350
400
450
500
Wavelength (nm)
Q-switched YAG:Nd Laser
Second, third, forth harmonics
10 Hz repetition rate
4-6 ns pulse duration
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Conclusions
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Conclusions
500
550
Results
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Results
Conclusions
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Hourly evaluation
Introduction
Methodology
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•
Seasonal evaluation
Results
Conclusions
Significant contamination with wastewater discharged from Bucharest, especially
at Budesti.
An hourly organic matter trend connected to increased human activity in
morning and afternoon hours.
The usefulness of fluorescence spectroscopy in the
quick evaluation of pollution for the water
management (Amelene)
Introduction
Methodology
Conclusions
Results
Conclusions
•
Results
Results
Conclusions
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Conclusions