ACIDS AND BASES
Chemistry Review: Section 1.6 pg. 34-36
Review
of
Acids
•  Empirically,
acids
are
(aq)
molecular
compounds
of
hydrogen
that
form
electrically
conduc9ve
solu9ons
and
turn
blue
litmus
paper
red.
Remember:
R
E
ACID
BLUE
A
S
E
•
By
conven9on,
the
formula
for
an
empirically
iden9fied
acid
is
wriIen
as:
H___
(aq)
or
____COOH(aq)
Example:
HCl(aq)
and
H2SO4(aq)
are
acids
CH4(g)
and
NH3(g)
are
not
acids,
so
hydrogen
is
wriCen
last
*In
some
cases,
hydrogen
is
wriCen
last
if
part
of
a
–COOH
group
ex.
CH3COOH(aq)
–
these
are
organic
acids
Review
of
Bases
• 
Empirically,
bases
are
(aq)
ionic
hydroxides
that
form
electrically
conduc9ve
solu9ons
and
turn
red
litmus
paper
blue.
• 
By
conven9on,
you
are
looking
for
a
ionic
(metal)
hydroxides
(OH‐)
NaOH(aq)
Ba(OH)2(aq)
,
KOH(aq)
• There
is
no
special
nomenclature
system
for
bases.
‐ They
are
names
as
ionic
hydroxides
Ex.
KOH(aq)
=
potassium
hydroxide
NH4OH(aq)
=
ammonium
hydroxide
Acids
vs.
Bases
 
Proper*es
of
an
Acid
•  Tastes
sour,
always
in
solu9on
(aq)
•  Turns
litmus
paper
red
•  Has
a
pH
of
less
than
7
•  Good
conductor,
corrodes
metals
•  Lemon
juice
and
vinegar
are
good
examples.
Proper*es
of
a
Base
•  Taste
bi6er
and
have
a
slippery
feel
•  Turns
litmus
paper
blue
•  Has
a
pH
greater
than
7
•  Good
conductor,
doesn’t
react
with
metals
•  Most
hand
soaps
and
drain
cleaners
are
bases
Naming
Acids
 
Systema*c
IUPAC  
Tradi*onal
1) 
aqueous hydrogen chloride
1) 
hydrogen ______ide = hydro______ic acid
HCl (aq)
1) 
aqueous hydrogen chlorate
ex. hydrogen chloride = hydrochloric acid
1) 
HClO3(aq)
1) 
aqueous hydrogen chlorite
HClO2(aq)
hydrogen ______ate = __________ic acid
ex. hydrogen chlorate = chloric acid
1) 
hydrogen ______ite = __________ous acid
ex. hydrogen chlorite = chlorous acid
Remember: acid contains sulfur = you add a ur
H2SO4(aq) sulfuric acid
acid contains phosphorus = add an or
H3PO4(aq) phorphoric acid
Practice
–
Naming
Acids
IUPAC
Traditional
  HClO4(aq)
aqueous hydrogen perchlorate
perchloric acid
  HClO(aq)
aqueous hydrogen hypochlorite
hypochlorous acid
  HNO2(aq)
aqueous hydrogen nitrite
  HNO3(aq)
aqueous hydrogen nitrate
nitric acid
  H2SO4(aq)
aqueous hydrogen sulfate
sulfuric acid
  H2SO3(aq)
aqueous hydrogen sulfite
sulfurous acid
  H3PO4(aq)
aqueous hydrogen phosphate
nitrous acid
phosphoric acid