PERIOD 5 STIMULUS MULTIPLE CHOICE PRACTICE
Source 1--Historian David M. Potter, The Impending Crisis: America Before The Civil War,
1848–1861, Published In 1976
Much of the national harmony had rested upon the existence of a kind of balance
between the northern and southern parts of the United States. The decision to fight the
[Mexican-American War] had disturbed this balance, and the acquisition of a new empire which
each section desired to dominate endangered the balance further. Thus, the events which
marked the culmination of six decades of exhilarating national growth at the same time
marked the beginning of sectional strife which for a quarter century would subject American
nationalism to its severest testing.
01. Which of the following most directly contributed to the “national harmony” as stated in
the excerpt? [POL, WXT, CUL; Causation; Concept 1, Target 3]
a. The Second Great Awakening.
c. The Market Economy.
b. The Missouri Compromise.
d. The Tariff Controversy.
02. The evidence in the excerpt best supports which of the following trends from the 1850’s?
[POL, WXT, CUL; Interpretation; Concept 1, Target 2]
a. Increase of regional grievances.
c. Expansion of southern industry.
b. Rise of nativist sentiment.
d. Increase in northern immigration.
Source 2--Mural, Emanuel Leutze, Westward: The Court Of Empire Takes Its Way, 1861
03. The ideas depicted in the visual are most consistent to those found in the writings of:
[POL, MIG, GEO; Comparison; Concept 1, Target 1]
a. Alexis de Tocqueville.
c. John O’Sullivan.
b. James Madison.
d. Frederick Jackson Turner.
04. The ideas expressed by the author were a direct response to all of the following EXCEPT:
[POL. MIG, GEO; Contextualization; Concept 1, Target 1]
a. the removal of internal threats.
c. conquering geographical barriers.
b. the preservation of natural resources.
d. promoting Republican ideals.
05. The evidence provided in the visual most directly reflects which of the following attitudes
at this time? [POL, MIG, GEO; Argumentation; Concept 1, Target 2]
a. A repudiation of expansionism.
c. A counterbalance to Puritan values.
b. The embodiment of sectionalism.
d. An expression of Anglo-Saxon superiority.
Source 3--New York Sun, November 20, 1847
The [Mexican] race is perfectly accustomed to being conquered, and the only new
lesson we shall teach is that our victories will give liberty, safety, and prosperity to the
vanquished. To liberate and enable--not to enslave and debase--is our mission. Well may the
Mexican nation, whose great masses have never yet tasted liberty, prattle over their phantom
of nationality...There is no excuse for the man educated under our institutions, who talks of
“wronging the Mexicans” when we offer them a position infinitely above any they have
occupied, since their history began, and in which, for the first time, they may aim at the
greatness and dignity of a self-governing people.
06. The sentiments expressed by the editorial most clearly show the influence of which of
the following? [POL, MIG; Causation; Concept 1, Target 3]
a. Dissension between Texans and the Mexican government over import duties.
b. Conflict between Texans and the Mexican government over republican ideals.
c. Discord among Texans over whether to declare independence from Mexico.
d. Unity among Texans in their efforts to Christianize and civilize Mexico.
07. The ideas expressed by the editorial was most directly challenged by the Whig Party
because Texas: [POL, MIG; Contextualization; Concept 1, Target 3]
a. depended upon slave labor.
c. defended tribal rights.
b. aligned itself to Great Britain.
d. promoted abolition.
Source 4--Senator Thomas Corwin (Ohio), 1846
Sir, had one come and demanded Bunker Hill of the people of Massachusetts, is there a
man over thirteen and under ninety who would have not been ready to meet him? Is there a
field but would have been piled high with the unburied bones of slaughtered Americans before
these consecrated battlefields of liberty should have been wrested from us? But this same
American goes into a sister republic, and says to poor, weak Mexico, “give up your territory,
you are unworthy to possess; I have one half already, and all I ask you is to give up the other.”
Let us abandon all ideas of acquiring further territory and by consequence cease at once to
prosecute this war.
08. Based on the excerpt, the author would most likely oppose: [POL, MIG; Contextualization; Concept 1, Target 3]
a. temperance.
b. suffrage.
c. westward expansion.
d. immigration.
09. Which of the following was NOT a cause of the event described by the author? [POL,
MIG; Causation; Concept 1, Target 3]
a. Boundary disputes. b. Military posturing. c. Perceived hostility. d. Sectional jealousy.
10. Which of the following would most likely reject the annexation of Texas by the United
States at this time? [POL, MIG; Interpretation; Concept 1, Target 3]
a. The executive branch. b. Plantation owners. c. Free soilers. d. Democrats.
Source 5--Map
11. The evidence in the visual most directly reflects which of the following phenomenon
from 1792-1846? [MIG, GEO; Use Of Evidence; Concept 1, Target 2]
a. A partnership with the French to develop trade networks.
b. A competition with the British to industrialize the region.
c. An effort to control a strategic area for commerce.
d. The desire to secure vast gold and silver resources.
Source 6-- “No Irish Need Apply”, 1840’s
I’m a decent boy just landed from the town of Ballyfad
I want a situation and I want it very bad
I’ve seen employment advertised, “It’s just the thing,” says I.
But the dirty rascal ended with “No Irish Need Apply”
“Who,” says I, “that is an insult but to get the place I’ll try”.
So I went there to see the blackguard with his “No Irish Need Apply”
Some do think it is a misfortune to be christened Pat or Dan
But to me it is an honor to be born an Irishman
12. Which of the following pieces of evidence most directly supports the assertion expressed
in the excerpt? [NAT, CUL, MIG; Argumentation; Concept 1, Target 4]
a. The Irish practiced alien customs.
c. The Irish were middle class.
b. The Irish refused to assimilate.
d. The Irish were Protestants.
13. The ideas expressed by the author are most consistent to the Know Nothing Party, who:
[NAT, CUL, MIG; Interpretation; Concept 1, Target 4]
a. championed female suffrage.
c. supported foreign influences.
b. advocated states’ rights.
d. promoted temperance.
Source 7--Speech, David Wilmot, February 8, 1847
I take my stand, and from it I cannot be frightened or driven by idle charges of
abolitionism. I ask not that slavery be abolished. I demand that this government preserve the
integrity of free territory against the aggressions of slavery. The democracy of the North,
almost to a man, went for annexation. Shall further concessions be made by the North? Shall
we give up free territory, the inheritance of free labor?
14. The concerns expressed by the author were a direct reaction to whether the United
States would: [POL, MIG, GEO; Causation; Concept 1, Targets 2-3]
a. extend the 36°30' line to the Pacific Ocean.
b. prohibit slavery in land acquired by Mexico.
c. enable slavery to be decided by popular vote.
d. assume control of the Republic of Texas.
Source 8--Quotation, Ralph Waldo Emerson, 1851
We are glad to get a clear case, one on which no shadow of doubt can hang. This is not
meddling with other people’s affairs,—this is other people meddling with us. This is not going
crusading after slaves who it is alleged are very happy and comfortable where they are...but
defending a human being who has taken the risks of being shot or burned alive, or cast into the
sea, or starved to death or suffocated in a wooden box, taken all this risk to get away from his
driver and recover the rights of man. And this man the statute says, you men of Massachusetts
shall kidnap and send back again a thousand miles across the sea to the dog-hutch he fled from.
And this filthy enactment was made in the 19th Century, by people who could read and write.
I will not obey it, by God.
15. What event was the most direct cause of the concerns expressed by the author? [POL;
Causation; Concept 2, Targets 2-3]
a. The Missouri Compromise.
c. The Compromise of 1850.
b. The Wilmot Proviso.
d. The Kansas-Nebraska Act.
16. Which of the following best expresses the rationale for the author’s beliefs? [POL;
Contextualization; Concept 2, Target 1]
a. Checks and balances.
c. States’ rights.
b. Secessionist doctrine.
d. Federal supremacy.
17. Which historical era is most similar to the ideas expressed by the author? [NAT, CUL;
Comparison]
a. The Progressive Era.
c. The Second World War.
b. The Great Depression.
d. The Civil Rights Movement.
18. The legislation referenced by the author best reflects which of the following trends in the
1850’s? [NAT, POL, CUL; Contextualization; Concept 2, Targets 2-3]
a. The protection of the property rights of slave holders.
b. The prohibition of slavery in the western territories.
c. The continuation of the Congressional gag order on slavery.
d. The rejection of personal liberty laws by northern states.
Source 9--Drawing
**Note that two northerners are standing on top a bale of cotton and are holding up
the “Southern Confederation” along with a slave.
The Southern Confederacy--An Allegorical Illustration
19. The ideas expressed in the visual best characterize which of the following phenomenon in
American history? [NAT, POL, WXT; Periodization; Concept 2, Targets 1-2]
a. Manifest Destiny.
c. Popular Sovereignty.
b. The American System.
d. Salutary Neglect.
20. The ideas expressed by the author of the visual were most similar to those of which
individual? [NAT, POL, WXT; Comparison; Concept 2, Targets 1-2]
a. Eli Whitney. b. Alexander Hamilton. c. John Winthrop. d. John Calhoun.
21. The ideas expressed in the visual were most directly challenged by: [NAT, POL; Contextualization; Concept 2, Targets 1-2]
a. Elizabeth Cady Stanton.
c. Frederick Douglas.
b. Thomas Jefferson.
d. Samuel Slater.
22. The ideas expressed by the author were a direct reaction to which of the following
historical trends? [NAT, POL, WXT; Contextualization; Concept 2, Targets 1-2]
a. Justification for southern agricultural wealth.
b. Criticism of northern textile manufacturers.
c. Emergence of sectional political parties.
d. Demographic changes in the North and South.
Source 10--Map
23. The events shown in the excerpt was a continuation of what trend from 1790-1869?
[POL, MIG, GEO; Continuity-Change Over Time; Concept 1, Target 2]
a. Sectional growth through federal policies.
b. Purchasing land from tribal groups.
c. Regional divisions created by political ideologies.
d. National expansion via negotiation or force.
Source 11--Poster
24. One direct long-term effect of this event was: [POL, MIG; Causation; Concept 2, Target 3]
a. the demise of the Whig Party.
b. the formation of the Know-Nothing Party.
c. the decline of the Free Soil Party.
d. the strengthening of Democratic Party.
25. The concerns expressed by the visual were a direct reaction to the: [POL; Contextualization; Concept 2, Target 3]
a. Missouri Compromise.
c. Dred Scott case.
b. Compromise of 1850.
d. John Brown insurrection.
Source 12--Samuel R. Ward, African-American minister (New York), 1851
[After traveling to various parts of the country to preach against the Fugitive Slave Act],
I heard a case in Pennsylvania in which a reverend went armed to the house of a Negro who
had escaped from him. The owner of the house denied him admittance. Several Negroes,
armed, stood ready inside the house to defend it against the reverend slave-catcher and his
party—the latter declaring his slave was in that house—and, intending to intimidate the
Negroes, fired upon the house with a rifle. Fortunately none of the besieged party was killed,
but they returned fire, and he dropped a corpse. The authorities arranged these poor
Negroes for murder. They seemed determined to have their blood. After reading this, I
handed the paper containing the account to my wife; and we concluded that resistance was
fruitless, that the country was hopelessly given to the execution of this barbarous enactment,
and that it were vain to hope for the reformation of such a country.
26. One significant factor for the prohibition of slavery in the North was: [NAT, WXT, CUL;
Causation; Concept 2, Targets 1-2]
a. its economic feasibility.
b. high prices for slaves on the domestic market.
c. competition from the South.
d. the Puritan tradition.
27. Which of the following trends from the 1850’s is the excerpt most directly responding to?
[POL; Contextualization; Concept 2, Target 3]
a. Federalism.
c. The Tenth Amendment.
b. Secessionist doctrine.
d. Elastic clause.
28. The position taken by the author most supports which of the following perspectives?
[NAT, CUL; Interpretation; Concept 2, Targets 1-2]
a. Nat Turner.
c. David Walker.
b. The American Colonization Society.
d. William Lloyd Garrison.
Source 13--George Fitzhugh Defends Southern Society, 1854
At the slave holding South, all is peace, quiet, plenty, and contentment. We have no
mobs, no trades unions, no strikes for higher wages, no armed resistance to the law, but little
jealousy of the rich by the poor...We are wholly exempt from the torrent of pauperism, crime,
and infidelity which Europe is pouring from her jails and alms houses on the already crowded
North...Nobody dreams of turning down a friend, a relative, or a stranger from his door.
The very negro who deems it no crime to steal, would scorn to sell his hospitality.
High intellectual and moral attainments, refinement of head and heart, give standing to a man
in the South, however poor he may be...that pride of character, that self-respect, that give us
ascendance when we come into contact with Northerners. It is a distinction to be a
Southerner, as it once was to be a Roman citizen.
29. Which of the following factors most contributed to the point of view expressed by the
author? [NAT, WXT, CUL; Causation; Concept 2, Targets 1-2]
a. The lesser of two evils, considering blacks would be abused by whites if freed.
b. The agreement among whites to exploit black labor for their own personal gain.
c. A mutual benefit to the physical and economic well-being of both races.
d. An artifact of a primitive past that would eventually fade on its own.
30. “King Cotton” became the dominant feature of the South by this time because:
[NAT, WXT, GEO; Causation; Concept 2, Targets 1-2]
a. migrants from Europe came in large numbers due to their expertise in this crop.
b. large planters were advised by West African-born slaves how to grow this crop.
c. the economy of its upper region mandated other areas to follow suit.
d. the weather and soil conditions was conducive for its planting and harvesting.
31. Abraham Lincoln would most likely disagree with the ideas expressed by the author by
stating that slavery should be: [POL; Use Of Evidence; Concept 2, Targets 1-2]
a. permitted only in the areas south of 36°30'.
b. allowed only in areas where it already exists.
c. voted upon by the people in states, not territories.
d. abolished by constitutional amendment.
Source 14--Southern Literary Messenger, Literary Periodical, Richmond, VA, 1852
We beg to make a distinction between lady writers and female writers. We could not
find it in our hearts to visit the dullness or ignorance of a well-meaning lady with the rigorous
discipline which it is necessary to inflict upon male dunces and blockheads. But where a writer
of the softer sex manifests, in her productions, a shameless disregard of truth and of those
amenities which so peculiarly belong to her sphere of life, we hold that she has forfeited the
claim to be considered a lady, and with that claim all exemption from the utmost stringency of
critical punishment...
...many allegations of cruelty towards the slaves, brought forward by Mrs. Stowe, are
absolutely and unqualifiedly false...We are of opinion too that heart-rending separations of
families are much less frequent under the institution of slavery than in countries where
poverty rules the working classes with despotic sway...But let it be borne in mind that this
slanderous work has found its way to every section of our country...Justice to ourselves
would demand that it should not be suffered to circulate longer without the brand of falsehood
upon it. Indeed she is only entitled to criticism at all, as the mouthpiece of a large and
dangerous faction which if we do not put down with the pen, we may be compelled one day
(God grant that day may never come!) to repel with the bayonet.
32. The ideas expressed by the author most directly reflect which of the following continuities
in American history at that time? [NAT, CUL; Continuity-Change Over Time; Concept 2,
Targets 1-2]
a. Women should present their opinions openly on social matters.
b. Women should refrain from speaking their minds on economic concerns.
c. Women should discuss politics only with family members.
d. Women should talk about religion amongst their own kind.
33. The ideas expressed in the excerpt most strongly influenced which event in the 1850’s?
[POL; Periodization; Concept 2, Target 3]
a. The civil war in Kansas.
c. Events at Harpers Ferry, Virginia.
b. The Dred Scott decision.
d. South Carolina secession.
34. Which of the following pieces of evidence best directly challenges the assertion
expressed in the excerpt? [NAT, CUL; Argumentation; Concept 2, Targets 1-2]
a. The Bible contains several references advocating slavery.
b. The Constitution indirectly protects slavery.
c. The Declaration of Independence directly contradicts slavery.
d. The principles of Republican government supports slavery.
Source 15--Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857
Now...the right of property in a slave is distinctly and expressly affirmed in the
Constitution. The right to traffic in it, like an ordinary article of merchandise and property,
was guaranteed to the citizens of the United States, in every State that might desire it, for
twenty years. And the Government in express terms is pledged to protect it in all future time,
if the slave escapes from his owner...Neither Dred Scott himself, nor any of his family were
made free by being carried into such territory: even if they had been carried there by their
owner with the intention of becoming permanent residents.
35. This Supreme Court ruling most directly led to the _____ being declared unconstitutional.
[POL; Causation; Concept 2, Target 3]
a. Missouri Compromise
c. Compromise of 1850
b. Wilmot Proviso
d. Kansas-Nebraska Act
36. The evidence in the excerpt most directly reflects which of the following turning points in
the 1850’s? [POL; Periodization; Concept 2, Target 3]
a. African-Americans had legal standing to sue.
b. Congress had the power to regulate slavery.
c. Free blacks were eligible for citizenship.
d. Slaves were considered private property.
37. The ideas expressed in the excerpt responded to all of the following trends from the
1850’s EXCEPT: [POL; Contextualization, Concept 2, Target 3]
a. the Fourteenth Amendment.
c. popular sovereignty.
b. personal liberty laws.
d. states’ rights.
Source 16--Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 1858 (Stephen Douglas)
Up at Chicago, in the open he reviewed my reception speech, and under my argument
attacking his favorite doctrine of Negro equality I had shown that it was a falsification of the
Independence to pretend it included Negroes in the clause declaring that all men were created
equal. What was Lincoln's reply?...“I should like to know, if taking this old Declaration of
Independence, which declares that all men are equal upon principle, and making exceptions to
it, where will it stop? If one man says it does not mean a Negro, why may not--another man say
it does not mean another man? If that declaration is not the truth, let us get this statute book
in which we find it and tear it out.”...Let me call your attention to another part of the same
speech, where he declared that the Negro belongs to an inferior race...
38. Which of the following statements about their positions is most supported by the
excerpt? [POL; Comparison; Concept 2, Target 3]
a. Both opposed black citizenship.
c. Both denounced slavery on moral grounds.
b. Both opposed social equality.
d. Both defended popular sovereignty.
Source 17--Senator John S. Preston, February 19, 1861
That conflict is upon you, Gentlemen of Virginia, you own your empire. You are very
strong. You have advanced in all the arts of life, and are very wise and very skillful. But I tell
you, there is no force of human power which can reunite the people of the North and South as
political and social equals. No, gentlemen, never, until by your power and virtue, can you unfix
the unchangeable economy of the Eternal God, can you make the people of the North and
South one people. The Northern States are attempting the subjugation of the Southern
States.
39. The ideas about the backgrounds of the North and South are most consistent with which
of the following? [NAT, POL, CUL; Contextualization; Concept 3, Target 1]
a. The South experienced shortages and high prices.
b. The South lacked accomplished military leaders.
c. The South had a diversified industrial base.
d. The South had a common cause to rally behind.
40. “The Constitution is a compact. It contains all our obligations and duties of the federal
government. The powers…belong to the States or the people.” This quotation by
_____ would best serve as evidence in support of Senator Preston. [POL; Use Of
Evidence; Concept 2, Target 3]
a. Henry Clay
b. John C. Calhoun
c. Daniel Webster
d. Abraham Lincoln
Source 18--Confederate President Jefferson Davis Opposes Emancipation, January 12, 1863
We may very well leave it to the interests of the common humanity which a beneficent
Creator has implanted in the breasts of our fellow man of all countries to pass judgment on a
measure by which several million human beings of an inferior race, peaceful and contented
laborers in their sphere, are doomed to extermination...In its political aspect this measure
possesses great significance. It affords to our whole people the complete and crowning proof
of the true nature of the designs of the party which elevated to power the present occupant of
the presidential chair, and which sought to conceal its purpose by every variety of artful device
and by the perfidious use of the most solemn and repeated pledges on every possible occasion.
41. Which of the following evidence would best oppose the author’s position in the excerpt?
[POL; Use Of Evidence; Concept 2, Target 1]
a. Southern whites would be prepared for the eventuality of freed slaves.
b. Northern whites would oppose drafting former slaves into the Union Army.
c. Black suffrage would be limited in scope through southern legislation.
d. Plantation owners would receive amnesty at the conclusion of the war.
Source 19--Quotation, President Abraham Lincoln, 1861
I hope to have God on my side, but I must have Kentucky.
42. The excerpt best reflects which of the following developments during the Civil War?
[POL, Contextualization; Concept 3, Target 3]
a. The suspension of habeas corpus by the Supreme Court.
b. The declaration of martial law by the executive branch.
c. The seizure of private property by Congressional action.
d. The prohibition of military tribunals by the federal government.
Source 20--Speech, Representative Thaddeus Stevens (R-Pennsylvania), December 18, 1865
The President assumes, what no one doubts, that the late rebel States have lost their
constitutional relations to the Union, and are incapable of representation in Congress, except
by permission of the Government. It matters but little, with this admission, whether you call
them States out of the Union, and now conquered territories, or assert that because the
Constitution forbids them to do what they did do, that they are therefore only dead as to all
national and political action, and will remain so until the Government shall breathe into them
the breath of life anew and permit them to occupy their former position. In either case, it is
very plain that it requires the action of Congress to enable them to form a State government
and send representatives...The infernal laws of slavery have prevented them of managing the
ordinary business of life. This Congress is bound to provide for them until they can take of
themselves...[lest they be returned to their previous condition].
43. Which of the following developments most immediately led to the writing of the excerpt?
[POL; Causation; Concept 3, Target 4]
a. Congress promoting social equality for blacks.
b. Southern states denying fundamental freedoms to ex-slaves.
c. President Johnson demanding harsh consequences for southern states.
d. Former confederate officials repudiating secession.
44. The issue highlighted in the excerpt most directly led to the: [POL; Causation; Concept 3,
Target 4]
a. ensuring southern states abide by rules set by the executive branch.
b. implementation of home rule by southerners.
c. overriding of President Johnson’s veto of a civil rights bill.
d. adoption of President Lincoln’s reconstruction plan.
45. Which of the following events from 1865-1877 represents a continuation of the process
described in the excerpt? [POL; Continuity-Change Over Time; Concept 3, Target 4]
a. Supreme Court approval of reformulated southern state governments.
b. Former Confederate officials being permanently barred from running for office.
c. Northern armies being stationed in the South to supervise Congressional
Reconstruction.
d. Southern Democrats conspiring to regain control of the House and Senate.
46. The ideas expressed in the excerpt were most directly challenged by President Johnson,
who: [POL; Contextualization; Concept 3, Target 4]
a. supported southern legislative efforts to institute segregation.
b. arrested ex-Confederate leaders without a legal reason.
c. demanded southern governments strictly comply to executive policies.
d. granted ex-Confederate officials an opportunity to politically participate.
47. The excerpt best reflects all of the following goals by Radical Republicans EXCEPT former
slaves: [POL; Contextualization; Concept 3, Target 4]
a. gaining employment in infrastructure projects.
b. taking literacy tests as a condition to vote.
c. receiving food, shelter, and clothing.
d. given opportunities to run for political office.
48. The ideas expressed by the author was most directly challenged by: [POL; Contextualization; Concept 3, Target 5]
a. Free Soilers.
b. Scalawags.
c. Carpetbaggers.
d. Redeemers.
49. The patterns described in the excerpt most directly foreshadowed which of the following
developments by 1900? [POL; Use Of Evidence; Concept 3, Target 5]
a. The treatment of black southerners by white southerners as social equals.
b. The guarantee by southern legislatures to protect black political freedoms.
c. The policies of white southerners designed to return blacks to positions of servitude.
d. The admittance by southern governments they were responsible for racial discord.
Source 21--Letter, Howell Cobb To J.D. Hoover, January 4, 1868 (Macon, GA)
The people of the South, conquered, ruined, impoverished, and oppressed, bear up
with patient fortitude under the heavy weight of their burdens. Disarmed and reduced to
poverty, they are powerless to protect themselves against wrong and injustice...At the bidding
of their more powerful conquerors they laid down their arms, abandoned a hopeless struggle,
and returned to their quiet houses under the plighted faith of a soldier’s honor that they
should be protected so long as they observed the obligations imposed upon them of peaceful
law-abiding citizens...Our conquerors seem to think we should accompany our acquiescence
with some exhibition of gratitude for the ruin which they have brought upon us. We cannot
see it in that light.
50. Which of the following pieces of evidence most directly supports the assertion expressed
by the author? [NAT, POL. CUL; Argumentation; Concept 3, Target 4]
a. Free blacks were being deprived of state citizenship rights by Congress.
b. Free blacks were being integrated into southern society by federal intervention.
c. Free blacks were moving North to find employment in mills and factories.
d. Free blacks were becoming economically self-reliant due to their former masters.
51. The trends referred to in the excerpt most directly stemmed from those: [NAT, POL,
CUL; Interpretation; Concept 3, Target 4]
a. northern business owners who sought to take financial advantage of the economy.
b. upper social classes of the South who sought to share political power.
c. southern whites who sought to remove Democratic control from their lives.
d. northern politicians who defined the status of freedmen as inferior to whites.
Source 22--Alexander Courtney Morrison, “Weighing The Cotton”, 1885
52. The visual best reflects which of the following patterns in the late 1800’s? [NAT, WXT;
Contextualization; Concept 3, Target 4]
a. Southern white farmers granting ex-slaves equal parcels of their land.
b. Southern whites and blacks working together to improve race relations.
c. Southern laws requiring blacks to work as gang laborers in cotton fields.
d. Southern blacks becoming financially dependent upon their former masters.
53. Which of the following pieces of evidence best supports the conclusion expressed in the
visual? [NAT, WXT; Argumentation; Concept 3, Target 4]
a. Southern blacks living less in fear of white violence.
b. Southern blacks rarely improving their economic status.
c. Southern white farmers experiencing increasing levels of debt.
d. Southern blacks being treated by whites as social equals.
Source 23--Charles Davenport Interviewed at Natchez, Mississippi, Federal Writers’ Project,
1930’s (He is 100 years old)
Like all de fool niggers o’dat time I was right smart bit by de freedom bug for awhile. It
sounded powerful nice to be told: “You don’t have to chop cotton no more. You can throw
dat hoe down and go fishin’ whensoever de notion strikes you. And you can roam ‘round at
night and court gals just as late as you please. Ain’t no master wine to say to you, “Charlie,
you’s got to be back de clock strikes nine.” I was fool ‘nough to believe all dat kind o’stuff.
But to tell de honest, most o’us didn’t know ourselfs no better off. Freedom meant us could
leave where us’d been born and bred, but it mean, too, dat us had to scratch for us ownselfs.
Dem what left de old plantation seems so all fired glad to get back dat I made up my mind to
stay put. I stayed right with my white folks as long as I could. My white folks talked plain to
me. Dey say real sadlike, “Charlie, you’s been a dependence, but now you can go if you is so
desirious. But if you wants to stay with us you can sharecrop. Dey’s a house for you and
wood to keep you warm and a mule to work. We ain’t got much cash, but dey’s de land and
you can count on havin’ plenty o’victuals. Do just as you please...Lord! Lord! I know about de
Kloo Kluxes. De larruped de hide off de uppity niggers an’ drove de white trash back where
dey belonged. Us niggers didn’t have no secret meetin’s. All us had was church meeting in
arbors out in de woods. I heard o lot o’haller nigger’s spoutin’ off how de was gwine-a-take
over de white folks’ land for back wages, but dat was all talk.
54. The perspective in the excerpt most directly supports which of the following about
southern life during Reconstruction? [NAT, WXT; Interpretation; Concept 3, Target 4]
a. Freedmen were denied access to political and social institutions.
b. Freedmen evaded being targeted by white supremacy groups.
c. Freedmen carved out their own economic niche among whites.
d. Freedmen had joined predominant white congregations.
Source 24--Envelope Advertising Tredegar Iron Products, 1870’s
55. The image most closely parallels which of the following events of that time period?
[WXT; Argumentation; Concept 3, Target 4]
a. The implementation of the factory system in the North and South.
b. The re-chartering of a national banking system.
c. The abandonment of cash crop agriculture in the South.
d. The introduction of northern segregation by law, not by custom.
56. The conditions shown in the image came about most directly as a result of: [POL; Use Of
Evidence; Concept 3, Target 3]
a. state rights activists.
c. foreign investors.
b. private entrepreneurship.
d. Congressional action.
Source 25--Speech, Susan B. Anthony, 1873
I stand you before under indictment for the alleged crime of having voted in the last
presidential election, without having a lawful right to vote. It shall be my work this evening to
prove to you that in thus doing, I not only committed no crime, but instead simply exercised
my citizen’s right, guaranteed to me and all United States citizen...beyond the power of any
State to deny...If once we establish the false principle that United States citizenship does not
carry with it the right to vote in every state in this Union, there is no end to the petty tricks
and cunning devices which will be attempted to excluded one and another class of citizens from
the right of suffrage.
57. Which of the following developments in the American political system most immediately
led to the writing of this excerpt? [POL; Causation; Concept 3, Target 6]
a. Congressional legislation.
c. Presidential veto.
b. Supreme Court cases.
d. Constitutional processes.
Source 26--Harper’s Weekly, Getting Out The Negro Vote, 1876
58. Conditions like those depicted in the image contributed most directly to which of the
following in the 1870’s? [POL; Use Of Evidence; Concept 3, Target 5]
a. Presidential policies designed to create white-led governments in the South.
b. Southern white justification to prevent former slaves from using the franchise.
c. Radical Republican efforts designed to deny blacks constitutional protections.
d. Supreme Court rulings in which states could establish criteria for suffrage.
Source 27--Print, The Four Seasons Of Life: Middle Age, 1868/Print, A Visit From The
Klan, 1868
59. The sentiments of both authors share the same value of: [NAT, POL; Comparison;
Concept 3, Target 5]
a. southerners who supported the Republican Party.
b. agriculturists who prospered.
c. families who sought economic opportunity.
d. racists who touted white supremacy.
60. Which of the following factors most directly contributed to the development in the first
visual by the late 1800’s? [WXT; Causation; Concept 3, Target 4]
a. The programs of the Freedmen’s Bureau. c. The creation of elite, private schools.
b. The industrialization of the South.
d. The Fourteenth Amendment.
61. The evidence in the second visual is most closely related to Reconstruction since the
vast majority of southern blacks: [WXT; Periodization; Concept 3, Target 4]
a. owned small family farms.
c. were independent artisans.
b. planted and harvested crops for whites.
d. were domestic servants.
Source 28--Political Cartoon, Thomas Nast, 1871 [Ulysses S. Grant]
62. The sentiments expressed by the author about the Grant Administration most directly
resulted from: [POL; Causation; Concept 3, Target 5]
a. Southern Democrats who engaged in a number of scams at federal expense.
b. Radical Republicans who conducted investigations to publicly humiliate their opponents.
c. cabinet members who bilked taxpayers in a series of high-profile scandals.
d. Northern Republicans who rooted out corruption in southern state legislatures.
63. The evidence in the visual is most closely linked to the 1870’s South because:
[POL; Periodization; Concept 3, Target 5]
a. Democrats assumed control despite the executive branch’s impressive record of
enforcing Reconstruction laws. b. Democrats gradually gained control due to Republican Party infighting and a lack of
Reconstruction oversight by the president.
c. Republicans and Democrats set aside their philosophical differences and agreed to share
power.
d. Radical Republicans maintained their control, even though increasing numbers of
Democrats were installed into important positions.
Source 29--Political Cartoon, Harper’s Weekly, January 18, 1879
A man, “Mr. Solid South”, writes on a wall “Eddikashun qualifukashun. The Blakman
orter be eddikated afore he kin vote with us wites.” An African-American looks on.
64. The ideas depicted in the visual would be most directly challenged by the: [POL; ConContextualization; Concept 3, Target 4]
a. Freedmen’s Bureau.
c. 1875 Civil Rights Act.
b. Fourteenth Amendment.
d. 1867 Reconstruction Act.
PERIOD 5 SHORT RESPONSE PRACTICE
01. Respond to a), b), and c). [POL, WOR; Causation; Concept 1, Target 2]
a. Explain why one of the following was the most significant factor for American borders
taking shape by 1860.
++Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)
++Webster-Ashburton Treaty (1842)
++Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)
b. Provide one example of an event or development that supports your explanation for a).
c. Provide evidence for why one of the other options is less convincing than your choice
in a).
02. Respond to a), b), and c). [NAT, POL, WXT, CUL; Continuity-Change Over Time;
Concept 2, Target 3]
a. Explain a specific event which led to a change in sectional conflict in the 1850’s.
b. Explain another specific event which led to a change in sectional conflict in the 1850’s.
c. Make an argument which event you described was more important in that change.
03. Use the photograph of a southern black farmer (1880’s) to respond to a) and b).
[WXT, MIG, CUL; Contextualization; Concept 3, Target 4]
a. Explain the point of view expressed through the image for two of the following:
++Southern economy
++Sharecropping
++Race relations
b. Explain one development that supports the author’s point of view for one of your
choices.
04. Respond to a), b), and c). [POL; Comparison; Concept 3, Target 4]
a. Explain one similarity between Presidential Reconstruction and Radical Reconstruction.
b. Explain one specific difference between Presidential Reconstruction and Radical
Reconstruction.
c. Explain what accounts for that difference in b).
05. Use the image to respond to a), b) and c). [POL; Use Of Evidence; Concept 3, Target 4]
a. Explain the point of view expressed through the image about one of the following:
++Emancipation
++Citizenship
++Political participation
b. Explain one event or development from 1865-1877 that led to the point of view
expressed by the artist.
c. Explain one event or development from 1865-1877 that challenged the point of view
expressed by the artist.
06. Respond to a), b), and c ). [POL, WOR; Interpretation; Concept 1, Target 3]
a. Explain one specific historical difference between Acuna’s and Graebner’s interpretation of the Mexican-American War.
b. Explain how one development from the period 1844–1861 not explicitly mentioned in
the excerpts could be used to support Acuna’s point of view.
c. Explain how one development from the period 1844–1861 not explicitly mentioned in
the excerpts could be used to support Graebner’s point of view.