SWBAT: Explain how undercoverage, nonresponse, and question wording can lead to bias in a sample survey. Lesson 4-4 Do Now: An airline that wants to assess customer satisfaction chooses a random sample of 10 of its flights during a single month and asks all of the passengers on those flights to fill out a survey. This is an example of a (a) multistage sample. (b) stratified sample. (c) cluster sample. (d) simple random sample. (e) convenience sample. Inference for Sampling The process of drawing conclusions about a population on the basis of sample data. Margin of Error Results from random samples come with a margin of error that sets bounds on the size of the likely error. Larger random samples generally have smaller errors than smaller samples. Sampling Pitfalls Undercoverage occurs when some groups in the population are left out of the process of choosing the sample. Nonresponse bias occurs when an individual can’t be contacted or refuses to participate. Response bias is a systemic pattern of incorrect responses. The w ording of questions is the most important influence on the answers given to a sample survey. SWBAT: Explain how undercoverage, nonresponse, and question wording can lead to bias in a sample survey. Lesson 4-4 YOU TRY!! 1. Each of the following is a source of error in a sample survey. Label each as sampling error or nonsampling error, and e xplain your answers. (a) The telephone directory is used as a sampling frame. (b) The person cannot be contacted in five calls. (c) Interviewers choose people walking by on the sidewalk to interview. 2. A survey paid for by makers of disposable diapers found that 84% of the sample opposed banning disposable diapers. Here is the actual question: It is estimated that disposable diapers account for less than 2% of the trash in today’s landfills. In contrast, beverage containers, third-class mail and yard wastes are estimated to account for about 21% of the trash in landfills. Given this, in your opinion, would it be fair to ban disposable diapers? Explain how the wording of the question could result in bias. Be sure to specify the direction of the bias.
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