!"#$"%&'()&*+,-.+-,"&
CQ2
Subunit of DNA?
)/&&
0/&
1/&
Nucleotide
•  *-2-3$+&45&'()6&
!()&73-.8"$.&
9.$:;<&
Nucleotide structure
!"#$%&+=9+&>4#",3&'()&;+,-.+-,"&
?/  *->9,@A=4;A=9+"&8$3B9>";&=48:&9:C9."3+&
3-.8"4D:";&+4>"+=",&
–  14#98"3+&243:;&
&
!"#$%&'("#)*+%,""
-##."/01"
Rules that govern DNA structure
?/  *->9,@A=4;A=9+"&8$3B9>";&=48:&9:C9."3+&
3-.8"4D:";&+4>"+=",&
–  14#98"3+&243:;&
&
E/  09;";&A9$,&$3&9&,">-89,&93:&A,":$.+928"&
%9F/&
CQ3
2*(,$3)")4("5+#("
#(67(%3("89""
38:;'(:(%)+*<"#)*+%,="
A.  C T G A C A T A
B.  A G T C A C G T
C.  G A C T G T A T
D.  T C A G T G C G
!"##"/01"
G?/&',9%&+="&
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.9,2438";;&
GE/&K=9+&$;&+=$;&
H4:"8&+"88$3>&F4-&
924-+&+="&:$L","3+&
29;";M&
GN/&K=9+&%4-8:&
=9AA"3&$5O&
)&J&P&&
1&J&Q&M&
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=9AA"3&$5O&
>"
)&J&P&&
?"
1"
@"
1&J&Q&M&
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"
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!"##"/01"
!",#"/01"
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1*(")4(#("
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38K+'(%)"58%,#"
5()E((%"#7&+*#"
+%,";48#;4+)(#G"
!"#$%&+=9+&>4#",3&'()&;+,-.+-,"&
?/  *->9,@A=4;A=9+"&8$3B9>";&=48:&9:C9."3+&
3-.8"4D:";&+4>"+=",&
–  14#98"3+&243:;&
E/  09;";&A9$,&$3&9&,">-89,&93:&A,":$.+928"&%9F/&
–  *A".$U.&A9$,$3>&$;&9&,";-8+&45&!"#$%"$#&'&
:$L","3.";&9H43>&3-.8"4D:";&7;$S"6&
;=9A"6&V&W&243:$3>&;$+";<&
!"##"/01"
!",#"/01"
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K=9+&9,"&+="&!"#$%"$#(!M&
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K=9+&)(*&+,-#!&
7,"89D43;=$A;<&:4";&+="&
H4:"8&.43#"FM&
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K=9+&$;&+="&.$/%0-/&45&
+=$;&H4:"8M&
L%"E4+)"8)4(*"E+<#"
387',"<87"*(;*(#(%)"
)4$#":8,('G"
"""
7&'($)%*+,#*-$./)
&'($).$01*#$./<&
How is DNA stored?
•  In Chromosomes
1"3+,4H","&
210"($&MN!6&RRZ@RXN&&
7EN&[93-9,F&E\\N<&
]3:&45&!"#$"%&