Reading Guide: Week 5
Monday
 What do enzyme inhibitors do?
Irreversible inhibitors:
Pages 210-211
 What is the difference between irreversible and reversible
inhibition?
 What are mechanism-based inactivators? List an example.
 Does the irreversible inhibitor need to bind covalently to the
enzyme to work?
 What is flux?
 What is homeostasis?
 What are some examples of extracellular signals that can affect
enzymes?
 What are transcription factors, and how do they affect enzymes?
Studying metabolic
pathways: Pages 575-584,
910-911, 930-935
 What is protein turnover? How would this affect enzyme
effectiveness?
 Are all enzymes sensitive to the concentration of their substrates?
Why or why not?
 What are allosteric effectors?
 What are the general ways in which hormones can act on
different cells?
 What is the difference between mono-, di-, and polysaccharides?
 What are enantiomers? Is it possible for an enzyme to react with
both enantiomers? Why or why not?
 What are stereoisomers?
 What are the key features of:
Carbohydrates:
Pages 243-251
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Hemiacetals?
Epimers?
Aldoses?
Ketoses?
Anomers?
Pyranoses?
Aldonic acids?
Uronic acids?
Reading Guide: Week 5
Wednesday
 What are the difference between O-glycosidic and N-glycosyl
bonds?
 What is the reducing end?
 What are glycans?
 What is the difference between homopolysaccharides and
heteropolysaccharides?
 Do polysaccharides have defining molecular weights like
proteins? Why or why not?
Carbohydrate polymers,
Glycosylation of proteins,
Structure and function of
carbs and derivatives:
Pages 252-272
 What are the differences between starch, glycogen, cellulose, and
chitin? Also list the key features in each.
 What are these? And what are their functions/purpose?
 Glycoconjugates: proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and
glycophingolipids
 Proteoglycans?
 Glycoproteins?
 Glycosphingolipids?
 Glycolipids?
 Gangliosides?
 Lipopolysaccharides?
 What are proteoglycan aggregates?
 What are glycomics? (Hint: it’s not comics about glucose…)
 What are lectins? Are they found in all organisms? What are their
functions?
 What is ‘the Sugar code’?
 How are cell membrane markers important in diseases?
Reading Guide: Week 5
Friday
 What is the purpose of glycolysis? What are the reactants, and the
products?
 What is fermentation?
 What are the two phases of glycolysis?
 Which phase generates the most energy? What is the net gain of
ATP per molecule of glucose?
 What is the overall equation for glycolysis?
Glycolysis reactions and
regulation: Pages 533-548,
592-597
 What are the three catabolic routes that pyruvate formed by
glycolysis can go to?
 In the end, is the ATP investment in the preparatory phase “worth
it”? Why or why not?
 Note that not all steps in glycolysis are reversible. List which steps
are irreversible.
 Why is it important to have the steps irreversible at these points?
 Why would the effects be on glycolysis if these steps were
reversible?
 What is the function of hexokinase?
 What are isozymes?
 How do the different hexokinase isozymes of liver and muscle
reflect the different roles of these organs in carbohydrate
metabolism?