Unit 1
~\"(f.IlAT(/~~
ra
e
Tnl
CIGUIlIDUGC
DAIlI«:!
~::;::~~
A Cherokee Legend
­
Edited by Katharine B. Judson
Illustrated by David Oiaz
Around 1910 KiltfJarinejlldson collected t!lis
Cherokee legend in lIer book NATIVE AMERICAN LEGENOS
LAKEs AND THI': MISSISSIPPI VAll£\', Native
peoples told stories to teach. 10 explain, or to emer­
win. Tllis story tells wily groundhogs have short tails.
Of'THF. GREAT
Seven wolves once caught a groundhog. They
said, "Now we'll kill you and have somelhing to eal."
Groundhog said, "When we find good food, we
should rejoice over it, as people do in the green­
corn dances. You will kill me, and I cannot help
myself. But if you want 10 dance. I'U sing for you.
Now this is a new dance. I will lean up against seven
trees in turn. You will dance forward and then go
back. At the last turn you may kill me,"
Now the wolves were vcry hungry, but they
wanted LO learn the new dance. Groundhog leaned
up against a tree and began to sing. He sang. and
all the Wolves danced forward. When he shouted
"Yu!" they turned and danced back in line.
lrounch>& (ground' hog] a small animal wIth short l~ MId brown fur
that
h~
in a
hol~
.ejoici (,t jois11o show 0<" fHI g'<lolt joy
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Write a tale to explain why an anim.,llook.'i a
certain way. Then. tell your story to your class.
Unit
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Chapter
:-tHe-S.i9
'OEAS ABOUT . ..
Peopling I:he
Wesl:ern Hemisphere
The first people to come to the Americas arrived between 27,000 and 32,000
years ago. They came from Asia and Europe when ice (overed much of the
North. Slowly they moved throughout the Americas, hunting animals for
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food. When the climate changed, they developed new ways to meet their
needs. Read on to find out how the first Americans lived.
EARLY NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURES
I
Amtrican~
Jumtd to liYe in different mYironmenls. P~plt like tiHo Mound Builders,
An.1sazi, OImec:, and Maya Sl!ttltd in envi.oommU rid! in natural resour<es.
They buih Ialgt (ommunitin.
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Tile AZlt< and IllY built grut empires in the Valley of Me~­
ko and the mounuins ofPffiI. Both groups founded dties.
buih great stone monUmtf1u, and tritded auoss large arns.
ol••bl.5
Make this Foldable to help organize
what !;lou learn about 'Peopling the
Western Hemisphere:
~
paper like a hot
\
dog, but make
,"===,,-,---'=
one side I'
­
longer than the other.
2. On the short side of the paper,
I. Fold a sheet of
--
make two cuts
equal distances
apart to form
three tabs.
i
I \ \
,
,
__
!
3. Draw two ovals that overlap in the
middle section, and label the tabs.
-
4O.00I1L
n.ooou.
lO.-.o,.(.
15.11.(.
It,_u.
15.00111.(.
11.u.
.
'
SMu.
.... ,
SM....
, .. An~
It,OOI,,(. - u.1l00
THE FIRST AMERICANS
Thousands olrears ago, Eanh "'TIlt
Ihrough periods 01 extreme cokI called
rhe IceA8es. During the Ice Ages. much
of F.arth·~ waler was frozen into huge
sheets olice called g.lacie:rs. So much of
Earth·s wattt froxe into glaciers dlatW
water leo.-eI in rhe oceans 10\,'t'n'!'d and
some land mat had been cm'Cfed by water
appeared. Some of this land connected
areas once separated by wat~r.
J lunters and animals walked :ll:m!>'>
these natural "land bridy~s" where large
bodies of\\~Jter are found today. One of
Ih~ land bridges is called Beringia.
SCienlists believe thaI some people
crossed Beringia from Asia and arrIved
In the Americas. It is also lhoughl Ihat
some people from Europe
may ha\'e come to North
America along a Norm
Atlantic roule.
Hunter-G..therHS
The firsl seulers in
theAmericas sunived by
hunting animals and
gathering "'ild planl$.
Some earty settlers hunted
animals called mammoths,
which looked like ek>phanlS \\.im
kmg. cun'£<! tusks and thick. shaggy hair.
Early 5elliers also dug up roots and gath­
ered wild fruits, nUIs, and mushrooms
from foreslS.
The Eartiest Farmers
By 10,000 B.C" the glaciers bel9in 10
mell. This caused the oceans lo rise and
OO\'er the land bridges. Hunter-gatherers
in rhe Americas could llot return to Asia
and Europe. Some continued to mm·c.
Others began to sculr in 0111" area.
Discoveries in Soulh Amerit.-.a and cen­
mil ~teDoo sht:M-lhal peolJle started to
plam seeds there as early as 7000 11.(;. This
area had a warm climate and was rich in
natura! resources. IL had few large ani­
mals !cillO hunl. for food. the firsl rarm­
ers grew corn, bealU, squash. tomaloes.
and sunflowers.
Why did land bridges fOfm in
the north during the lee Ages?
Many sdefltists think tllit IIIf woolly
nwmmotft WIS hunttd by groups of
hunters_king I~.
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THE OLMEC AND THE MAVA
Once people learned to fann, they were
able to grow more food than they needed.
This meant people could spedallz.e, or
spend most of their tim~ doing one kind
of job. This led to the development of
more complex societies. One of the earli­
est places this development occurred was
in what today is Mexico,
TheOlmec
The Olmec were one of the earliest
dvili7...ations in the Americas. A civiliza­
tion is a kind of culture that has complex
systems of government, education, and
religion. From 1300 to 400 R.C., the Dlmec
people lived along the Gulf coast of what
is now southern Mexico. They grew corn,
Eaploring
ECONOMICS
OlmecTrade
The Olmec llad many spedaliled jobs. Thty
Wfte farmen, fishefs, artists, srulptors, and
priests. Each of theil dDes also spedali.zed in (fl.
uin 900ds, The citits bMten!d t!lel! 900ds with
one another. Thatis,people uadedgoodsand
services inst9d of IISing IIIOMJ. It is thought
they exdla. the following !JOlIlk:
•La Vent.'l, nearthe co.ast, tr~ caGIO,
rubber, and salt•
•San LllrflI20 traded potltry IMdt from its
ridI day deposits as wtll as 'M hematit@,an
abundant rm roIoring ustd ill religious 0!I't­
~"'d@los(trrolspedaliztdlntrading
-laguna
b.asatt, a ilOfM' ustd to build_IS.
~'Vit¥J
Dnwa map 01 the llmeI: land and show on it
tht goods thai QmI! from its major dtits.
.,
beans, and squash along the riverbanks
that flooded in the summer. One city the
Olmec built was called La Venia. It is
thOUght to have been a trading city,
Most archaeologists believe that the
Olmec influenced other cultures lhat
followed in the region. Archaeologists
often learn about past civili1-3tions by
studying artifacts. An artifact is an obje<:1
made by people in the past. The Dime<:
were among the first Americans to use
stone in sculplUre and archite<:ture. The
Dlmec are known for creating a calendar
and for playing ceremonial ball games.
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The Maya
Archaeologists belie\'C that the Maya
began to develop a complex culture
around 300 R.C. in what is now southern
Mexico and Guatemala. Mayall fanners
grew an abundant supply offood for a
large population. Farmers grew corn,
beans, squash, yucca, and sweet potato.
Corn (maize) was the main source of food
-­ -
calVed Iargf SIOIlf
ITilehuckDIllie(
of
gods
Itaclefs.
their
and
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for the Maya. They made corn dough into
flat cakes, like (he tortillas people eal
today.
The Maya were not only good farmers.
They were artists, scientists, and histori­
ans. They formed large cities. such as
Ttkal. Copan, and Chich~n Itz4. The cities
had slone temples, palaces, and mher
buildings. Thousands of people lived in
them. Archaeologists have found calen­
dars divided into 260 days. They havt! also
figured out how to read written records of
the Maya noting dales. times, and events
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such as conqueslS. The Maya also
invented the Idea of me number zero.
Mayan temples and religious cemcrs were
the largest at that time in the Americas.
The Maya traded a variety of goods
wilhin their region. These goods included
jade, Dinl, obsidian-a glassy black rock
fanned from lava-OYSler shells, cacao
beans, cotton cloth, spices, salt, pelts,
rubber, wood, and ceramics.
The End of Maya Civilization
By around A.D. 909, the Maya civiliza­
tion disappeared for reasons we do not
know. They left their cities and built no
more slone temples, palaces, or other
monumenlS. Today. some expens believe
that food shortages and wars were the
causes. Descendants of the Maya live in
present-day Guatemala and Mexico. They
speak a Maya language and follow many
customs and traditions of their anceslOrs.
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In what ways were the Olmce
and Maya similar?
built pyramids like Ihfs one in Chidten
IIlli Maya
with temples to their gods at the top.
TIM.>
PAClFl("
OO~1..'"
,-,.-­
,
0=",,,,_,,,
.-.. ..........
o
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In
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1. What are the approximate latitude
and longitude of LlI VenIa?
:::I.
What peninsula did the May/l build
their civilization on?
N
THE MOUND BUILDERS
AND THE ANASAZI
·I\vo of the earliC!;t dvili7~'1rions rhm
lived in what is now the Unired Srates
were the Mound Builders and the
Anasazi. The Mound Builders sealed in
the southeasf arotuld 3.000 IIX.
The Mound Builders
One of the first groups of Mound
Builders. the Adena people, SCtlk.'Cl along
the Ohio River bctwl'l'n 800 R.C. and 100
II.Co The llopev.·ell 1\101lOd Builders settled
in the same area around 100 II.(~ to A.tl.
500. i\ rhird group. the Cahokia, Iivl'Cl along
rhe Missis.~ippi mver around .... fl. 1000.
Archaeologists believe the Mound
Builders first built small rounded piles of
earth to bury their dead. 1,.1rer, mounds
were used for religious purposes. The
largest. Grear Serpent Mound near pre­
senr·day (;incinnati, Ohio, was built b~'
rhe Adena around 100 R.C
1300. The area is called the Four Corners
because Urah. Colorado, New Mexico,
and Arizona all meer there. They dcvcl­
0l)ed Villages benearh rock cliffs. on the
sides of canyons, anJ un the lUpS of LOlli,
Oat hllls, or mcsas.
The 1\nasa7.i were able ro farm in the
desert by using irrigation ro warer rheir
crops. Irrigarion is a mCLhod by which
watcr is broughr inro dry areas.
How were the Mound
Builders and the Anasazi
different?
Why did
Anasazi
the AnasQzi
Around 1I.t>. 200. rhe AtHlsazi culture
began ro flourish In rhe SOULhwest. The
Anasazi lived in an area ktJ()wn as rhe
Pour Corners from aholll A.D. 200 ro
leave their
Anasazi dwellings wele bRilt on diff~ for
defHlSe.ladders were pulled Rp ~f night.
I
homes?
In A.D. 900, tile town of I'IIebIo 8ooifo h.ld
800 rooms in wNt is now New Mexico. But by
about 1300, the Anasazi hMl aballdoned thK
towns and YiIIagl'S.
Many archaeologists believe thai a droughl
lasting from 1276 to 1299 may have driven the
Anasazi from Iheir homes. Ofhef ~ldlaedCJ9ists
think that inv.lde~ from tilt north may llave
uused some AnaSlli to leave their homl'S.
What orr some other reasons the
Anosozi might hare left their homes!
,
Use the map to write a
senten<:e about the
Mound Builder lands
and a sentence about
the Anasa:l:i lands.
PunlNG IT TOGETHER
Many of North America's earliest soci­
eties lived in what is now Ihe Southwest
United States. For many reasons. these
civilizations no longer exist. However, the
descendants or many N;llive Americans
still follow some traditional customs.
()\.'('r time. the Anasazi moved or
joined with other Native Americans in the
Southwest. AI the same time, other highly
advanced civilizations were growing in
what is now Mexico. Central Amerl!:a.
and Suuth America.
Many historians believe that the Hopi
and other Pueblo people are descendants
of the Anasazi. As you read about our
country's hislllry. k.eep your knowledge of
these early North Americans In mind.
Review and Assess
1. Write three $Cntences using the vocabulary
terms from this list.
civilization
Ice Age
specialize
2. Wh<lt was Beringia?
,.--.l. In what ways did farming and trade lead to
~ the start of civilizations?
4. What did the M.l)'il and the Afl<lsazi have in
common!
S. ComlNfe the MOtlnd Builders to the
Ana""zi. How did their environmmts affect
their way of life?
Using (he III(Ip above,determine a
possible route the Mound BuildE.'fs might
have used to reach each other in different
states. Draw your rOUte.
..............................
. Write a story about what you think
really happened to the Anasazl. US(' stan­
dard gr.lmmar, spelling. sentence struc­
tUf1!'. and punctuation.
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Reading Time Lines
The Anasazi began to build their -apartment house- vil­
lages in the early 6OOs. The Maya Empire reached its height
at about the same time. How could you
show the time relationship of these
events? A time line is a diagram of
several ellents arranged in the order
in which they took place. A time line
helps you organize information in
an easy. visual way. It can help you
organize, summarize. and see the
relationships between events in
your reading.
. 2.
LEARN THE SKILL
Use the following steps to read the time
line below.
1.
Identify the time s~n.
This time line begins in the year A.D. 1 and
ends at~.o. I SOl!.
VOCABULARY
lime line
Cl!fllury
""'' ' '
I.e.
....0.
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Identify the periods into which the time
line is dillided.
The time periods for this time line are 300
years each, Usually the periods of time on <1
time line are eqlJal.
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3. Identify the important eYents on the
time line.
The ellents on this lime line are for ArJ. 200,
250.600.900,1300.
EARLY CIVIUZAnONS OF THE AMERICAS
"'.0.1
I
.
,­
uJllure begins
2SO---MayIl M.
900---M0ya
lure fbrilhes
luhUl'e ~
.­
"'.0.300
....0•. 600
begin Ie build mge
'riIIoge blJildillQS
....0.900
A.D. 1200
A.D. 1500
"""'....
1Joo-Ancsazi
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All time lines are divided into time periods.
A centu.y,Of 100 years. is one time period_A
ten-year time period Is called a decllde,A
jagged break in a time line mealtS thilt a num­
ber of ~ar5 have been left out. Some time lines
hilve the abbreviation"Le. ~lt stands for befOle
Christ. The evenl took place before Jesus Chon
was born.The abbreviation· A.a. • means anno
Domini,Of in the )'t'ar of the Lord.A.D. is used
for dates after the birth of Christ.
1. What Is the lime span in the paragraph?
2. What are the Important ~ts in it?
l. What date would be In the middle of the
time span?
4. How can making a time line helpyou
understand information that you read?
EXTEND THE SKILL
Look at the dales below about Native
Americans. Use the dales to make a lime line,
TRY THE SKILL
Read the following par<tgraph.
• How does making this lime line help you to
unde<stand Ihe relationship of events in lhe
Maya and the Mound Builders' history?
The Anawz; arrived in the Foor Cor­
netS area around 'OO .. c~ bur they did
nor serrle until close to A,Do 500. Aboul
100 yeors loler they started to build rhe
pueblo homes they are known for. One
of the most famous pueblos, Oi" Poloce
a/Meso Verde, was builr around A,D.
1150 and abandoned about ISO years
Iorer. Chaco Canyon was their economic
and politicol center lit the heighr of
their civilization, around A.D. 1000. Their
culture flourished until A.D. "30.
Maya ~II! in Maico
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Maya cultu,e fIouns.he1;
Maya culture ends
T~. Mound Build.,.
~ ~ ~ ----~
~--~
Adena people ooild burial mounds
Hopewell Qf'OI>It! build many mound,
Cahokia ~build IIat-to~
temple mound,
AD.
1700
Mound Builder culture end.
THE MAYA
800 L<.
~-
1000
B.C.
500
100 I.e.
B.(.
A.D. 1
A.D.
500
A.D.
1000
A.D.
1500 A.D.2000
THE MOUND BUILDERS
41
Aztec and Inca
\ I
~111
-oUt.
How did the Aztec
and Inca build their
powerfulemp;res~
Lesson Outline
• The Aztec
• The In<a
VOCABULARY
empire
slavery
PEOPLE
Pachakuti Inca
BUILD BACKGROUND
"Our drums are ready, already the
eagles and jaguars dance. Already
you are on your feet, flower song."
This Aztec poem was written
sometime around the
READING
STRATEGY
On a separate slleet
of paper, draw two
connecling circles as
seen below. In till'
area wilerI' tlley
meet, write till'
things till' Inca and
Aztec cultures lIave
in common. WilerI'
till' circles do not
toucll, write tlleir
differences.
mid 1400s. By then
the Aztec had
gained control of a
large part of the
Valley of Mexico.
Around the
same time another
Indian group, the
Inca, ruled an area
that stretched over
1,000 miles in the
Andes Mountains of South America.
Both groups of people not only
ruled large areas of land, they also
had rich cultures.
eagle knigllt
l
_
1~
1.
11~
1)00
I~
1~
1~
1100
l~
~
You hI!' Mt...
110t 1$72
defeat the Tepanec (tay pah NAYK). The
Tepanec had ruled the Valley of Mexico.
The Aztec moved into the Valleyof
Within tcn ycars -rcnochtill;in became
Mexico around A.D. 1100. About 225 years
lhe capital of the Aztcc Empire as shown
later they settled in the area around Lake
on the map. All empire is a large area of
Texcoco. The Azlec callootheir new home
different pL'Oples controlled by one ruler
TenochlltJan (Ie noch tee TlAIIN1,
· vr government.
which means "land of the pricldy p~ar
War was an important pan of Aztec life.
cactus" in Nahuatl {NAH \\,"3.h luhl}.
Boys trained to become soldiers from an
Nahuatl was their language.
early age. Their goal was 10 become a
Teno<hlltlan
I..nigh!, Jaguar and cagle knighls were
The people ofTenochlitlan built their
leaders of the Aztec army. Soldiers cap­
dry on a swampy islam in the middle of
lured their enemies. and forced solllcof
tlle lake. To raise food tlley buill "floating • them ill\o slavery. Slavery is the practice
gardens." or ·chinarnpas" (chee J\AHM
afforcing poL'tJple to work without pnyand
pass) in the marshes near the lake.
without freedom. In some cultures. a slave
Before long, Tenochtitl~n served a
is by law thc property of another person.
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population of more than 200,000.
Around 1430 the Aztec jOlllcd
Where did the Aztec make
other people of Lake Texcoco 10
their home?
THE AZTEC
O
NATIONAl.
,.
The A.ztec and Their NeighboT$
GEOGIW'HlC
---.-_­
"~~~-;,----~~­
oc
'ot
.... _
~O,. ~QP Skill
1.
Did most of the
Aztec: Empire lie
east or west of
Tenochtitlan?
2. Which two peoples
.'
YOI'InJl<CO
­
wert surrounded
by tho Aztec
Empire?
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PAC/FIC O( "cAS
, w
.
THE INCA
While the Aztec were searching for a
homeland, Ihc Inca of South Amcrica
were establishing their capital at CIIZCO
(1<005 k.oh) in a rich mounlain valley in
southern Peru. likc the Aztec, the Inca
built an empire by conquering neighbor­
ing peoples. Look. at the map. By 1525 the
inca Empire stretched from present-day
Ecuador 10 central Chile.
Strong Leaders
In 1435 the Inca Empire was greatly
expanded under the rule of Pachakull
(pah chah Koo tee) Inca. Later, his son
enlarged it yet again. An especially gifted
leader. Pachakuti set about organizing the
empire. He cleared land for settlement,
appOinted governors for each region. and
reqUired every citizen 10 work towatd
enlarging Ihe empirc and the spn>ad of
Ihe Inca religion. The Inca worshiped lhe
sun god Inti.
Skilled Builders
The Inca built more lhan 19,000 miles
of roads within Iheir empire. 'Iney also
built siraw bridges belween high moun­
lfor l"eirfarmers
crops.
inea
used uone and earth terraces
lain peaks. The Inca were skilled fanners
who built terraces up the steep moun­
tainsides. They made canals to irrigale
crops of pOlatoes. maize (com), beans,
and peppers. They were skilled in many
crafts, including the making of textiles,
pouery, and gold and silver jewelry. They
recorded information using colored and
knotted Strings caucd "quipu:
What skills helped the Inca
build their empire?
hplorin9
TECHNOLOGY
Inca Agriculture
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IIlQ agrialltural teduliq\ICS lNde it pMSible
for the 11K' to f~ morethan 12 milion peopIl!.
Thty grew 70 differenl crops. Their agriaIltural
iUCcess was due mortty 10 the folowing:
Tt1Tam: The Andfs Mountains lacked ftat
farming land. This led the IIKiI to build telfj(e, or
rai§td platforms, IIong lhe side~ of hil~ I1wJ
built stone w;alls, tIIen filled the ~es wit!l
stones or sand. Finally, they ickled aboul3 feet of
fertile soil on lOp.
Irrigation: Much of the AIldes receives linle
rainfall. To praYide wMer for ~ UOPI. the IncI
buill i networl of pipes and {;Hl>lls 10 bmg watt!"
from s.prings, lKts, or ri'ffi's 10 their fiekIs.
Would the IlIGIs have been as SlI«mful if they
only used one of lilt iboYe farming te<h­
niquesl Why or why notl
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PUrriNG IT
TOGETHER
The Aztec civiJiza·
tion had great beauty
as well as greal cruelly.
Aztec wars created
many enemies. These
enemies later helped
bring aboullhe end of
,"
the AZlee Empire. How·
P,KIH(
ever, Azlc<: culture has
continued into the pre­
sent. Many Mexicans
still speak the Nahuatl
language and follow
-OeE.'!..";
AZlee rrawtions.
In about 1532 Ihe
Inca Empire was weak­
ened by a civil war.
When the Spanish
1. In what mountains were the Inca
j
tIKi
lIuipu
invaded in 1533 the Inca
were already al war among themselves.
The Spanish foughllO win the wealth of
me Inca Empire. By 1572 the Inca Empire
had come to an end.
cities [CKaled?
2. What direction is the Pacific Ocean
--------from Ihe Inca Empire?
neview and Assess
1. Write one sentcncefor eiKh of the vocabu­
larywords below.
empire
.'
slll.very
2. Where dkl the Aztec build TenochtilLSnl
rht1.;
~§!!!l
How did Pa.th<lkuti
Empi,e)
e~pand
the Inca
,
..............................
4. ""'alyze how lhe Aztec a,.,d Ihe Inca buill
their powerful empi,e!i..
look allhe m.. p on page 49. U~ing
lhe 5Cille. determine how far lhe Aztec
capital w.. ~ from the Gulf of Me~leo.
J
s. Whal g.n~l1Ilization could you make .. bout )
• Write a p.1ragrilph about an Aztec
!)anle from Ihe poinl of v;ew of iln AZIe<
warrior.
the Azte< and tnea empire~?
"
Chapt..r I REVIEW
~OCABUlARY
REVIEW
SKIU REVIEW
sheet cA pape1 from I to 5. ~
each numbe writ!' tht word or term from thII!
list tKolow tNt m.lIches the dn<ripoon.
hllm~ ill
clvlliution
k. Age
I'mpinl!
slavery
g'ilder
ECirly Woys of Life
..,.
'""~
1. A huge she-et olic.
"'«
2. The practice of owning people and forcing
'N'"
them to won:
T~of8IJildlngs
Slone bufldings
Monume<o, Temples
PiltKti,Ttmplel
Mound Builders
3. A cuttute WIth compIelt S~Itm'§ 01 goy­
ffllme<lt, education,. ....d religion
......
Mounds
.......
,...,..
mu/ti.Jtoly stone
~l>.
• . " of F...,;"g
I"IMot>ng -.g ~
.....
•• A ~'9'!' area 01 d1ffet"er'l1 ~s con­
t,ol~ by ~ rule!' Of governnent
T~qrsediSlards
""""" _:~rIoeo........
.......
--
5. A. period wt-> muc:h 01 Urth's ~te1" was
frozen nro huge shHts of ice
14. ChMt Skill Which Qf<K.pS d earty
CHAPTER COMPREHENSION
6. How did farming "Iow ~ to spKiaI­
lze In drfferenljotnl
7. Where are I~ descel'ldants of the Maya?
a. Where did the Mound Builders live?
9. Whe,edidth@Al\ilaZitive?
10. How d,d the people ofTtllOChtit~n build
thelt city?
11. How did the "9riClIltUfe Itdriques oftht
lr>cll c:ontribute 10 thoc g<oWlh of th.
fmpire?
12. What led 10 thII! end ofttle Inca Empire?
13. ~ YOU _
int~ ill c\n(m­
~nl d the M.Jy.. wme ill _
of ~
liorts about what customs or trllditlons
an ~ trclCed badlto his Of her MIoC~on.
II
Ameriull5 dd not use spe<1Il farmng
methods~
15. Ch.rt Skill Why mig/II the' Anas.ui!\ave
buitllh@typeofbuildingstlH!:ydid?
16. Chart SkiD Whoch gro<>p made bu:ldlngs
out of rounded piles of earth?
17. Study Skill Wh<>lls the first thing ~
should do Yl'hf'n readln~ a time lin~?
18. Study Skill How C¥\ I lime line help you
undetslilnd hlsloricll rteflU?
Chapter nEVIEW
USING A TIME LINE
10,0001.(.
15001.(.
10001.(,
5001.(,
I
10,000 I.e.
GIKiM~in
to mell
1200 1.(.
n."",,
1m....,
1M Gulf '"
MIlko
I
1000 • .e.
T1IeM'yl
lr.tin man
......
u.l
.......
•••• 1
•.D.500
u.l000
I
I
l ••• 2S0
n-.IUPH9kl
building dtiti
kildtnkgin
~inl'ti'·
m.I,,",1 "ri~
19. How mall)' years pa,sed betweE'fl the
A;ctec sel'llement of the Valley or Mel6co
l.f.15oo
&.D.2000
I
A.D. 1100
..... 1500
....'.....
AltK cr.iliD­
lioftlprnd5
..on.
~"inthe
20. Which people of MeJ(ico lived around the
~me
time as the Mound Builders?
and the spread ofllleir civilizationl
'_
_rJ-ActivitYI
Writing About Culture Suppose you were a
member of a group hundreds of years il9<Ilhat
had just begun to farm.Another group that
lives nearby has not yel begun farming. How
o'.ab'••..;.
_
would you explain to the second group the
ways that farming could change and improve
their lives?
_
Use your Foldable to review whilt you have
reamed <Ibout the early people who came
to the Americas and to compare and con­
trast their lifestyles and cultures. As you
look at the Venn diagram on the front of
your Foldable, mentally re<all what you
learned in each of the twO lessons. Then
review your notes under the tabs to check
your memory and responses. Find similari­
ties betw~n these twO groups of early
people,and re<ord your anSwefS under the
"Both"tab.
Sl