boiler MACT final reconsideration: major sources
This regulatory summary is for informational purposes and serves only as
a general reference. Refer to the proposed regulation when evaluating its
applicability at your specific site.
•
temporary and residential units as defined in the
standard
•
hot water heaters with capacities of not more than
120 gallons or heat-input capacities of less than 1.6
MMBTU/hr
•
units used as control devices if the controlled gas
stream supplies at least 50% of the average annual heat
input during any three consecutive calendar years
overview
On January 31, 2013, the U.S. EPA published a longawaited reconsideration of the maximum achievable control
technology (MACT) rule for boilers at major sources*. This
replaces the March 2011 rule that was heavily criticized
by industry as creating too much expense and too many
burdens. The new rule provides more flexibility and, based
on reexamination of emissions data, increases emission
limits for certain boilers.
The new rule applies to owners and operators of industrial,
commercial, or institutional boilers or process heaters
located at major sources of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs).
Major sources are those with the potential to emit 10 or
more tons per year (tpy) of a single HAP or 25 tpy or more of
combined HAPs.
New and reconstructed boilers and process heaters are
those for which construction or reconstruction began after
June 4, 2010, at sources classified at the time as major HAP
sources; all other boilers and process heaters are considered
existing. For existing units, the “affected source” is the combination of all existing industrial, commercial, and institutional boilers and process heaters at a major source within
the fuel-use subcategories defined in §63.7575 (see the Key
Definitions section of this summary for more information).
exemptions (40 CFR 63.7491)
The rule has exemptions for certain boilers and process
heaters, including:
•
units used in research and development
•
units already subject to other MACT standards
•
blast-furnace gas-fired units as defined in the standard
Although not exempt, natural/refinery gas (Gas 1)–fired
boilers and process heaters and limited-use units are subject
only to work practice standards including tune-ups, as
specified at 63.7540(a)(10) through (12).
key information
important dates
•
final rule—January 31, 2013
•
effective date of rule amendments—April 1, 2013
initial notification requirements
•
new sources—within 15 days of startups that occur after
the effective date
•
existing sources—May 31, 2013
initial compliance requirements
•
new and reconstructed sources—within 180 days of
startup or January 31, 2013, whichever is later
•
existing sources—January 31, 2016 (with potential to
obtain a one-year extension)
•
area sources that become major
–– new and reconstructed boilers must be in compliance
on startup
–– existing boilers must be in compliance within three
years of becoming a major source
emission limits
see attached summary tables
*National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Major Sources: Industrial, Commercial and Institutional Boilers and Process Heaters; Final Rule
40 CFR Part 60 Subpart DDDDD, Federal Register, January 31, 2013, Volume 78, No. 21, pp. 7138–7213
800.632.BARR www.barr.com
emission and associated monitoring, testing, and
operating limits
Emission limits for all existing boilers and process heaters
that have a heat input of 10 MMBtu per hour or more and
that fire coal or solid fossil fuels, biomass or bio-based solids,
liquid fuels, or Gas 2 are detailed in Tables 1a–1d of this
summary; Tables 2a–2d provide the emission limits for new
and reconstructed boilers and process heaters of the same
capacity. The tables also provide summaries of the associated
monitoring, performance testing, and operating limits. Note
that emissions-averaging between existing covered boilers
and process heaters within the same subcategory may be used
to achieve compliance with the emission standards for PM,
TSM, HCl, and mercury if averaged emissions are 90% of the
applicable standard.
work-practice standards
Existing boilers and process heaters located at major sources
must comply with work-practice standards for a one-time
energy assessment performed by a qualified energy assessor.
Certain existing and new boilers, as well as certain process
heaters, must also receive tune-ups. The reconsidered rule
clarifies that the tune-up requirement for optimizing CO
can be consistent with any nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions
requirements. See Table 1e for existing units and Table 2e for
new and reconstructed units.
highlights of the reconsidered rule
The EPA adopted a number of provisions in the reconsidered
rule intended to clarify requirements and add flexibility for
achieving compliance, including:
•
allowing total select metals (TSM) to serve as an
alternative for filterable particulate matter (PM)
•
extending the compliance date to January 31, 2016, with
a potential one-year extension
•
replacing limits on dioxin and furnace emissions with work
practice standards
•
increasing carbon monoxide (CO) limits for several
categories
•
further splitting some fuel subcategories including heavy
and light liquid fuels
•
adding monitoring options for continuous emission
monitoring systems (CEMS), including sulfur dioxide (SO2)
CEMS as a surrogate for compliance with the hydrogen
chloride (HCl) limits
•
removal of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) limits for defining
another Gas 1 fuel
•
revising definitions of startup and shutdown and requiring
clean fuel at startup
•
reducing tune-up frequency for certain units including
those employing oxygen trim systems
•
clarifying energy assessment procedures and scope
key definitions
Boiler means an enclosed device using controlled-flame
combustion whose primary purpose is recovering thermal
energy in the form of steam or hot water. Controlled-flame
combustion refers to a steady-state or near steady-state process in which fuel- and/or oxidizer- feed rates are controlled.
A device combusting solid waste as defined in §241.3 is not
a boiler unless it is exempt from the definition of solid-waste
incineration units provided in section 129(g)(1) of the Clean Air
Act. Waste-heat boilers are excluded from this definition.
Boiler system means a boiler and its associated components,
such as the feed-water system, combustion air system, fuel
system (including burners), blowdown system, combustion
control system, and energy-consuming systems.
The unit designed to burn biomass subcategory includes
any boiler or process heater that burns at least 10% biomass
or bio-based solids on an annual-heat-input-basis average in
combination with solid fossil fuels, liquid fuels, or gaseous fuels.
Biomass or bio-based solid fuel means any biomass-based
solid fuel that is not a solid waste, including but not limited to
wood residue and wood products (e.g., trees, tree stumps, tree
limbs, bark, lumber, sawdust, sander dust, chips, scraps, slabs,
millings, and shavings); animal manure, including litter and
other bedding materials; vegetative agricultural and silvicultural
materials, such as logging residues (slash), nut and grain hulls
and chaff (e.g., almond, walnut, peanut, rice, and wheat),
bagasse, orchard prunings, corn stalks, and coffee-bean hulls
and grounds. This definition of biomass fuel is not intended to
suggest that these materials are or are not solid waste.
The unit designed to burn coal/solid fossil fuel subcategory
includes any boiler or process heater that burns any coal or
other solid fossil fuel alone, or at least 10% coal or solid fossil
fuel on an annual-heat-input basis in combination with liquid
fuels, or gaseous fuels. Solid fossil fuel includes but is not
limited to coal, coke, petroleum coke, and tire-derived fuel.
The unit designed to burn liquid subcategory includes any
boiler or process heater that burns any liquid fuel but less than
10% coal or other solid fossil fuel and less than 10% biomass
or bio-based solids on an annual heat-input-basis average,
either alone or in combination with gaseous fuels. Gaseous-fuel
800.632.BARR www.barr.com
boilers and process heaters that burn liquid fuel only during
periods of gas-supply curtailment or interruptions or during
periodic testing and maintenance are exempt (testing must not
exceed 48 hours total in any calendar year). Boilers and process
heaters located in Puerto Rico or other non-continental states
or territories are non-continental units. This subcategory is
further divided into heavy (e.g., residual oil) and light (e.g.,
distillate oil, biodiesel, vegetable oil) liquid fuels.
The unit designed to burn Gas 1 subcategory includes any
boiler or process heater that burns only natural gas, refinery
gas, and/or other Gas 1 fuels, with the exception of liquid
fuels burned for periodic testing not to exceed a combined
total of 48 hours during any calendar year or during periods
of gas curtailment and gas-supply interruptions.
The unit designed to burn Gas 2 (other) subcategory includes any boiler or process heater that is not in the Gas 1
subcategory and burns any gaseous fuel either alone or in
combination with less than 10% coal or solid fossil fuel, less
than 10% biomass or bio-based solid fuel, and no liquid
fuels on an annual-heat-input basis.
Gaseous fuel includes but is not limited to natural gas,
process gas, landfill gas, coal-derived gas, refinery gas, and
biogas.
Limited-use boilers burn any amount of solid, liquid, or
gaseous fuel and have a federally enforceable annual
average capacity factor of no more than 10%.
j:\factshts\env_mgmt\reg_updates\2013\Boiler MACT--major.indd
Shutdown means the cessation of operation of a boiler
or process heater for any purpose. Shutdown begins
either when none of the steam from the boiler is supplied
for heating and/or producing electricity, or for any other
purpose, or at the point of no fuel being fired in the boiler
or process heater, whichever occurs earlier. Shutdown ends
when there is no steam and no heat being supplied and no
fuel being fired in the boiler or process heater.
Startup means either the first-ever firing of fuel in a boiler
or process heater for the purpose of supplying steam
or heat for heating and/or producing electricity or for
any other purpose, or the firing of fuel in a boiler after a
shutdown event for any purpose. Startup ends when any
of the steam or heat from the boiler or process heater is
supplied for heating and/or producing electricity or for any
other purpose.
Temporary boilers are gaseous or liquid-fired boilers that
are designed to and can be moved from one location
or another and are not attached to a foundation. See
the rules for more detail on temporary boilers, including
requirements to not remain at a location within a facility
performing the same or similar function for more than 12
consecutive months (unless an extension is granted by a
regulatory agency).
resourceful. naturally.
© Barr Engineering Co. 800.632.BARR www.barr.com
TABLE 1a
Major-Source Boiler MACT
Final 40 CFR 63 Subpart DDDDD Emission Limits
EXISTING Coal/Solid Fossil Fuel Boilers and Process Heaters with Heat Input Capacity ≥ 10 MMBtu/hr
January 31, 2013, Federal Register
Pollutants [1]
Filterable PM
OR ---------------------------Metal HAPs
(select one
input or output
basis)
Total Selected Metals
Mercury
Acid Gases
(select one
input or output
basis)
Organic
HAPs
(select one
concentration
or output basis)
HCl
CO (concentrations
corrected to 3% O2)
Pulverized Coal/Solid Fossil Fuel
Stoker Designed to Burn Coal/Solid
Fossil Fuel
Fluidized Bed Designed to Burn
Coal/Solid Fossil Fuel
Fluidized Bed Designed to Burn
Coal/Solid Fossil Fuel with Integrated
Heat Exchanger
0.04 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.04 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.04 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.04 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.042 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.042 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.042 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.042 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.49 lb/MWh output
0.49 lb/MWh output
0.49 lb/MWh output
0.49 lb/MWh output
5.3E-05 lb/MMBtu heat input
5.3E-05 lb/MMBtu heat input
5.3E-05 lb/MMBtu heat input
5.3E-05 lb/MMBtu heat input
5.6E-05 lb/MMBtu steam output
5.6E-05 lb/MMBtu steam output
5.6E-05 lb/MMBtu steam output
5.6E-05 lb/MMBtu steam output
6.5E-04 lb/MWh output
6.5E-04 lb/MWh output
6.5E-04 lb/MWh output
6.5E-04 lb/MWh output
5.7E-06 lb/MMBtu heat input
5.7E-06 lb/MMBtu heat input
5.7E-06 lb/MMBtu heat input
5.7E-06 lb/MMBtu heat input
6.4E-06 lb/MMBtu steam output
6.4E-06 lb/MMBtu steam output
6.4E-06 lb/MMBtu steam output
6.4E-06 lb/MMBtu steam output
7.3E-05 lb/MWh output
7.3E-05 lb/MWh output
7.3E-05 lb/MWh output
7.3E-05 lb/MWh output
0.022 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.022 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.022 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.022 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.025 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.025 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.025 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.025 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.27 lb/MWh output
0.27 lb/MWh output
0.27 lb/MWh output
0.27 lb/MWh output
130 ppmvd – stack test
160 ppmvd – stack test
130 ppmvd – stack test
140 ppmvd – stack test
320 ppmvd – 30 day rolling average
340 ppmvd – 30 day rolling average
230 ppmvd – 30 day rolling average
150 ppmvd – 30 day rolling average
0.11 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.14 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.12 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.13 lb/MMBtu steam output
1.4 lb/MWh output
1.7 lb/MWh output
1.4 lb/MWh output
1.5 lb/MWh output
[1] Per Table 2 of Subpart DDDDD. Emission limits apply except during startup and shutdown as defined in the rule.
J:\FACTSHTS\ENV_MGMT\Reg_updates\2013\Tables\MACT emission tables--existing boilers.docx
TABLE 2a
Major-Source Boiler MACT
Final 40 CFR 63 Subpart DDDDD Emission Limits
NEW AND RECONSTRUCTED Coal/Solid Fossil Fuel Boilers and Process Heaters with Heat Input Capacity ≥ 10 MMBtu/hr
January 31, 2013, Federal Register
Pollutants [1]
Filterable
PM
Pulverized Coal/Solid Fossil Fuel
Stoker Designed to Burn Coal/Solid Fossil
Fuel
Fluidized Bed Designed to Burn Coal/Solid
Fossil Fuel
Fluidized Bed with Integrated Heat
Exchanger Designed to Burn Coal/Solid
Fossil Fuel
0.0011 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.0011 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.0011 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.0011 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.0011 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.0011 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.0011 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.0011 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.014 lb/MWh output
0.014 lb/MWh output
0.014 lb/MWh output
0.014 lb/MWh output
2.3E-05 lb/MMBtu heat input
2.3E-05 lb/MMBtu heat input
2.3E-05 lb/MMBtu heat input
2.3E-05 lb/MMBtu heat input
2.7E-05 lb/MMBtu steam output
2.7E-05 lb/MMBtu steam output
2.7E-05 lb/MMBtu steam output
2.7E-05 lb/MMBtu steam output
2.9E-04 lb/MWh output
2.9E-04 lb/MWh output
2.9E-04 lb/MWh output
2.9E-04 lb/MWh output
8.0E-07 lb/.MMBtu heat input
8.0E-07 lb/.MMBtu heat input
8.0E-07 lb/.MMBtu heat input
8.0E-07 lb/.MMBtu heat input
8.7E-07 lb/MMBtu steam output
8.7E-07 lb/MMBtu steam output
8.7E-07 lb/MMBtu steam output
8.7E-07 lb/MMBtu steam output
1.1E-05 lb/MWh output
1.1E-05 lb/MWh output
1.1E-05 lb/MWh output
1.1E-05 lb/MWh output
0.022 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.022 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.022 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.022 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.025 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.025 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.025 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.025 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.28 lb/MWh output
0.28 lb/MWh output
0.28 lb/MWh output
0.28 lb/MWh output
130 ppmvd – stack test
130 ppmvd – stack test
130 ppmvd – stack test
140 ppmvd – stack test
320 ppmvd – 30 day rolling average (CEMS)
340 ppmvd – 30 day rolling average (CEMS)
230 ppmvd – 30 day rolling average (CEMS)
150 ppmvd – 30 day rolling average (CEMS)
0.11 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.12 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.11 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.12 lb/MMBtu steam output
1.4 lb/MWh output
1.4 lb/MWh output
1.4 lb/MWh output
1.5 lb/MWh output
OR ----------------------
Metal HAPs
(select one input
or output basis)
Total Selected
Metals
Mercury
Acid Gases
(select one input
or output basis)
HCl
Organic HAPs
(select one
concentration
or output basis)
[1]
CO
(concentrations
corrected to 3% O2)
Per Table 1 of Subpart DDDDD. See Tables 11 through 13 for alternative emission limits for new or reconstructed boilers and process heaters that commenced construction or reconstruction after June 4, 2010 and before January 31, 2013. Emissions averaging is not allowed for new units.
Emission limits apply except during startup and shutdown as defined in the rule.
J:\FACTSHTS\ENV_MGMT\Reg_updates\2013\Tables\MACT emission tables--new boilers.docx
TABLE 2b
Major-Source Boiler MACT
Final 40 CFR 63 Subpart DDDDD Emission Limits
NEW AND RECONSTRUCTED Biomass Boilers and Process Heaters with Heat Input Capacity ≥ 10 MMBtu/hr
January 31, 2013, Federal Register
Stoker/Sloped
Grate/Others
Designed to Burn Wet
Biomass
Pollutants [1]
0.030 lb/MMBtu heat input
Filterable
PM
OR ----------Metal HAPs
TSM
(select one
input or output
basis)
Mercury
0.42 lb/MWh output
HCl
Fluidized Bed Designed to
Burn Biomass/Bio-Based
Solids
Suspension Burners
Designed to Burn Biomass/
Bio-Based
Solids
Dutch Ovens/Pile Burners
Designed to Burn Biomass/
Bio-Based Solids
Fuel Cells Designed to
Burn Biomass/Bio-Based
Solids
Hybrid Suspension/Grate
Units Designed to Burn
Biomass/Bio-Based Solids
0.030 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.0098 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.030 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.0032 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.020 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.026 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.035 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.012 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.031 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.0043 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.030 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.033 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.42 lb/MWh output
0.14 lb/MWh output
0.42 lb/MWh output
0.045 lb/MWh output
0.28 lb/MWh output
0.37 lb/MWh output
8.3E-05 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.0065 lb/MMBtu heat input
3.9E-05 lb/MMBtu heat input
2.9E-05 lb/MMBtu heat input
4.4E-04 lb/MMBtu heat input
1.1E-04 lb/MMBU steam output
0.0066 lb/MMBU steam output
5.2E-05 lb/MMBU steam output
5.1E-05 lb/MMBU steam
output
5.5E-04 lb/MMBU steam
output
0.0012 lb/MWh output
0.091 lb/MWh output
5.5E-04 lb/MWh output
4.1E-04 lb/MWh output
0.0062 lb/MWh output
8.0E-07 lb/.MMBtu heat input
8.0E-07 lb/.MMBtu heat input
8.0E-07 lb/.MMBtu heat input
8.0E-07 lb/.MMBtu heat input
8.0E-07 lb/.MMBtu heat input
8.7E-07 lb/MMBtu steam output
8.7E-07 lb/MMBtu steam output
8.7E-07 lb/MMBtu steam output
8.7E-07 lb/MMBtu steam
output
8.7E-07 lb/MMBtu steam
output
1.1E-05 lb/MWh output
1.1E-05 lb/MWh output
1.1E-05 lb/MWh output
1.1E-05 lb/MWh output
1.1E-05 lb/MWh output
0.022 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.022 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.022 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.022 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.022 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.025 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.025 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.025 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.025 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.025 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.28 lb/MWh output
0.28 lb/MWh output
0.28 lb/MWh output
0.28 lb/MWh output
0.28 lb/MWh output
230 ppmvd – stack test
2400 ppmvd – stack test
330 ppmvd – stack test
2.6E-05 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.0040 lb/MMBtu heat input
2.7E-05 lb/MMBU steam
output
0.0042 lb/MMBU steam
output
3.7E-04 lb/MWh output
0.056 lb/MWh output
8.0E-07 lb/.MMBtu heat input
8.0E-07 lb/.MMBtu heat input
8.7E-07 lb/MMBtu steam
output
8.7E-07 lb/MMBtu steam
output
1.1E-05 lb/MWh output
1.1E-05 lb/MWh output
0.022 lb/MMBtu heat input
Acid Gases
(select one
input or output
basis)
0.035 lb/MMBtu steam
output
Stoker/Sloped Grate/Other
Designed to Burn Kiln-Dried
Biomass
0.025 lb/MMBtu steam
output
0.28 lb/MWh output
620 ppmvd – stack test
Organic
HAPs
(select one
concentration
or output
basis)
CO
(concentrations
corrected to
3% O2)
390 ppmvd – 30 day rolling
average
0.58 lb/MMBtu steam output
460 ppmvd – stack test
0.42 lb/MMBtu steam output
5.1 lb/MWh output
6.8 lb/MWh output
310 ppmvd – 30 day rolling
average
2000 ppmvd – 10 day rolling
average
520 ppmvd – 10 day rolling
average
0.22 lb/MMBtu steam output
1.9 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.35 lb/MMBtu steam output
2.6 lb/MWh output
27 lb/MWh output
3.6 lb/MWh output
0.022 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.025 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.28 lb/MWh output
1100 ppmvd – stack test
910 ppmvd – stack test
1.1 lb/MMBtu steam output
10 lb/MWh output
900 ppmvd – 30 day rolling
average
1.4 lb/MMBtu steam output
12 lb/MWh output
[1] Per Table 1 of Subpart DDDDD. See Tables 11 through 13 for alternative emission limits for new or reconstructed boilers and process heaters that commenced construction or reconstruction after June 4, 2010 and before January 31,
2013. Emissions averaging is not allowed for new units. Emission limits apply except during startup and shutdown as defined in the rule.
J:\FACTSHTS\ENV_MGMT\Reg_updates\2013\Tables\MACT emission tables--new boilers.docx
TABLE 2c
Major-Source Boiler MACT
Final 40 CFR 63 Subpart DDDDD Emission Limits
NEW AND RECONSTRUCTED Gas/Oil Boilers and Process Heaters with Heat Input Capacity ≥ 10 MMBtu/hr
January 31, 2013, Federal Register
Pollutants
Units Designed to Burn Light
Liquid Fuel
Units Designed to Burn Heavy
Liquid Fuel
Units Designed to Burn Liquid
Fuel Located in Non-Continental
States & Territories
Units Designed to Burn Other
Gases (Gas 2)
0.0011 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.013 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.023 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.0067 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.0012 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.015 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.025 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.012 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.016 lb/MWh output
0.18 lb/MWh output
0.32 lb/MWh output
0.07 lb/MWh output
2.9E-05 lb/MMBtu heat input
7.5E-05 lb/MMBtu heat input
8.6E-04 lb/MMBtu
2.1E-04 lb/MMBtu heat input
3.2E-05 lb/MMBtu steam output
8.2E-05 lb/MMBtu steam output
9.4E-04 lb/MMBtu steam output
3.5E-04 lb/MMBtu steam output
4.0E-04 lb/MWh output
0.0011 lb/MWh output
0.012 lb/MWh output
2.2E-03 lb/MWh output
4.8E-07 lb/MMBtu heat input
4.8E-07 lb/MMBtu heat input
4.8E-07 lb/MMBtu heat input
7.9E-06 lb/MMBtu heat input
5.3E-07 lb/MMBtu steam output
5.3E-07 lb/MMBtu steam output
5.3E-07 lb/MMBtu steam output
1.4E-05 lb/MMBtu steam output
6.7E-06 lb/MWh output
6.7E-06 lb/MWh output
6.7E-06 lb/MWh output
8.3E-05 lb/MWh output
4.4E-04 lb/MMBtu heat input
4.4E-04 lb/MMBtu heat input
4.4E-04 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.0017 lb/MMBtu heat input
4.8E-04 lb/MMBtu steam output
4.8E-04 lb/MMBtu steam output
4.8E-04 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.0029 lb/MMBtu steam output
6.1E-03 lb/MWh output
6.1E-03 lb/MWh output
6.1E-03 lb/MWh output
0.018 lb/MWh output
130 ppmvd – stack test
130 ppmvd – stack test
130 ppm – stack test
130 ppm – stack test
0.13 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.13 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.13 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.16 lb/MMBtu steam output
1.4 lb/MWh output
1.4 lb/MWh output
1.4 lb/MWh output
1.0 lb/MWh output
Gas 1
NA
Filterable PM
OR ----------------------Metal HAPs
TSM
(select one input
or output basis)
Mercury
Acid Gases
(select one input
or output basis)
Organic HAPs
(select one concentration
or output basis)
HCl
CO (concentrations
corrected to 3% O2)
[1] Per Table 1 of Subpart DDDDD. See Tables 11 through 13 for alternative emission limits for new or reconstructed boilers and process heaters that commenced construction or reconstruction
after June 4, 2010, and before January 31, 2013. Emissions averaging is not allowed for new units. Emission limits apply except during startup and shutdown as defined in the rule.
J:\FACTSHTS\ENV_MGMT\Reg_updates\2013\Tables\MACT emission tables--new boilers.docx
NA
NA
NA
NA
TABLE 2d
Major-Source Boiler MACT
Final 40 CFR 63 Subpart DDDDD Emission Limits
NEW AND RECONSTRUCTED Boilers and Process Heaters with Heat Input Capacity ≥ 10 MMBtu/hr Subject to Emission Limits
January 31, 2013, Federal Register
Operating
Limits
(see Tables 4, 7, and 8
of Subpart DDDDD)
Operation outside of established limits is a deviation except during performance tests conducted to determine compliance or establish new operating limits.
 Wet PM Scrubber (if not PM CPMS)—Maintain 30-day rolling average pressure drop and 30-day rolling average liquid flow rate at or above lowest 1-hour averages established during most
recent performance test.
 Wet Acid Gas (HCl) Scrubber (If not HCl CEMS)—Maintain 30-day rolling average block average effluent pH and 30-day rolling average liquid flow rate at or above lowest 1-hour averages
established during most recent performance test.
 Fabric Filter (if PM CPMS not required)—Maintain opacity to ≤ 10 % daily block average OR operate bag leak detection system such that alarm does not sound more than 5% of operating
time during each 6-month period.
 Electrostatic Precipitator (if PM CPMS not required)— Maintain opacity to ≤ 10 % daily block average (dry control only) OR maintain 30-day rolling average total secondary electric power
input at or above operating limits established during performance test.
 Dry Scrubber or Carbon Injection (if not using Hg CEMS) —Maintain minimum activated carbon/sorbent injection rate as defined in §63.7575.
 All other dry add-on air pollution controls (if PM CEMS not required) - Maintain opacity to ≤ 10 % daily block average.
 Fuel Analysis – Maintain fuel type or mixture so applicable emission rate calculated according to §63.7530(c)(1), (2) and/or (3) is less than emission limit.
 Operating Load (if using stack tests for compliance) – Maintain operating load such that it does not exceed 110% of the highest average operating load recorded during the most recent
performance test.
 O2 Monitoring (if subject to CO limit) – Maintain 30-day rolling average oxygen level ≥ lowest hourly average concentration established during most recent CO performance test. (Does not
apply to units using O2 trim system).
 SO2 CEMS (if complying with HCl limit using SO2 CEMS) – Maintain 30 day rolling average at or below highest hourly average SO2 emission rate established during the most recent HCl
performance test


Monitoring and
Performance Testing
Highlights



(see Tables 4 through 8
of Subpart DDDDD)




All units with CO limit must install CO CEMS (with O2 monitor) or O2 monitor. When using an O2 monitor alone, oxygen levels ≥ lowest hourly average concentration established during
most recent performance test on a 30-day average. This does not include boilers with oxygen-trim systems, which need to maintain systems as recommended by the manufacturer.
All units≥ 250 MMBtu/hr combusting coal or heavy liquid fuel must install PM CEMS or PM CPMS unless complying with alternative TSM limits. PM 30-day rolling averages must be below
emission limit.
Any units with a PM, Hg, CO or HCl limit may opt to comply with emission limits using a CEMS.
All units monitoring compliance using opacity must install a COMS (unless using a PM CEMS or bag leak detection system)
Performance tests to be performed by July 30, 2013 or 180 days after the date of initial startup for new units. Testing must be under representative loading conditions and future operating
load must not exceed 110% of average operating load during testing.
Must develop site-specific stack test plan according to requirements in §63.7.
Stack testing frequency is annually (within 13 months of prior test). See footnotes to Tables 1 and 2 of Subpart DDDDD for detail on potential to reduce stack testing to once every three
years (but no more than 37 months after the last performance test.) Sources using emissions averaging must continue to test annually.
For Hg, TSM and HCl, conduct tests burning fuel mixture with highest applicable pollutants (which may be separate tests). As an alternative to stack testing, source may conduct monthly
fuel analyses. If 12 consecutive monthly fuel analyses show compliance, a source may request decreased frequency under §63.8(f).
If showing compliance with TSM standard in lieu of the PM standard, fuel sampling and analyses must be done in conjunction with the stack testing.
J:\FACTSHTS\ENV_MGMT\Reg_updates\2013\Tables\MACT emission tables--new boilers.docx
TABLE 2e
Major-Source Boiler MACT
Final 40 CFR 63 Subpart DDDDD Work Practice Standards
NEW AND RECONSTRUCTED Boilers and Process Heaters
January 31, 2013, Federal Register
NEW OR RECONSTRUCTED BOILERS OR PROCESS HEATERS
≤5 MMBtu/hr Firing Gas
1, Gas 2, or Light Liquid
OR
With a Continuous Oxygen
Trim System that Maintains an
Optimum Air-to-Fuel Ratio
Any Limited-Use Boiler
or Process Heater
Work Practice
Standards
Conduct a boiler tune-up
every five years per
§63.7540
Conduct a boiler tune-up every
five years per §63.7540
<10 MMBtu/hr Firing Heavy
Liquids or Solid Fuel Without an
Oxygen Trim System
Maintaining an Optimum Air-toFuel Ratio
Conduct a boiler tune-up
biannually per §63.7540
 Tune-up every five years per §63.7540. Conduct no more than 61 months after prior tune-up.
 Biannual tune-up per §63.7540. Conduct no more than 25 months after prior tune-up.
 Annual tune-up per §63.7540. Conduct no more than 13 months after prior tune-up.
J:\FACTSHTS\ENV_MGMT\Reg_updates\2013\Tables\MACT emission tables--new boilers.docx
<10 MMBtu/hr but > 5 MMBtu/hr
Firing Gas 1, Gas 2, or Light
Liquid Without an Oxygen Trim
System Maintaining an
Optimum Air-to-Fuel Ratio
Conduct a boiler tune-up
biannually per §63.7540
≥10 MMBtu/hr Without an
Oxygen Trim System
Maintaining an Optimum Airto-Fuel Ratio, Firing Any Fuel
Conduct a boiler tune-up annually
per §63.7540
With Numerical Emission
Limits
Minimize boiler startup and
shutdown periods following
manufacturer’s procedures,
operating control equipment and
following procedures outlined in
Table 3.
TABLE 1b
Major Source Boiler MACT
Final 40 CFR 63 Subpart DDDDD Emission Limits
EXISTING Biomass Fuel Boilers and Process Heaters with Heat Input Capacity ≥ 10 MMBtu/hr
January 31, 2013 Federal Register
Pollutants [1]
Stoker/Sloped Grate/Others
Designed to Burn Wet
Biomass
Stoker/Sloped Grate/Other
Designed to Burn KilnDried Biomass
Fluidized Bed Designed to
Burn Biomass/Bio-Based
Solids
Suspension Burners Designed
to Burn Biomass/Bio-Based
Solids
Dutch Ovens/Pile Burners
Designed to Burn Biomass/
Bio-Based Solids
Fuel Cells Designed to
Burn Biomass/Bio-Based
Solids
Hybrid Suspension/Grate
Units Designed to Burn
Biomass/ Bio-Based Solids
0.037 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.32 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.11 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.051 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.28 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.020 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.44 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.043 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.37 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.14 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.052 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.39 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.055 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.55 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.52 lb/MWh output
4.5 lb/MWh output
1.6 lb/MWh output
0.71 lb/MWh output
3.9 lb/MWh output
0.28 lb/MWh output
6.2 lb/MWh output
2.4E-04 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.0040 lb/MMBtu heat input
1.2E-03 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.0065 lb/MMBtu heat input
2.0E-03 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.0058 lb/MMBtu heat input
4.5E-04 lb/MMBtu heat input
2.8E-04 lb/MMBU steam output
0.0046 lb/MMBU steam output
1.5E-03 lb/MMBU steam output
0.0066 lb/MMBU steam output
2.8E-03 lb/MMBU steam output
0.016 lb/MMBU steam output
5.7E-04 lb/MMBU steam output
3.4E-04 lb/MWh output
0.056 lb/MWh output
0.017 lb/MWh output
0.091 lb/MWh output
0.028 lb/MWh output
0.081 lb/MWh output
0.0063 lb/MWh output
5.7E-06 lb/MMBtu heat input
5.7E-06 lb/MMBtu heat input
5.7E-06 lb/MMBtu heat input
5.7E-06 lb/MMBtu heat input
5.7E-06 lb/MMBtu heat input
5.7E-06 lb/MMBtu heat input
5.7E-06 lb/MMBtu heat input
6.4E-06 lb/MMBtu steam output
6.4E-06 lb/MMBtu steam output
6.4E-06 lb/MMBtu steam output
6.4E-06 lb/MMBtu steam output
6.4E-06 lb/MMBtu steam output
6.4E-06 lb/MMBtu steam output
6.4E-06 lb/MMBtu steam output
7.3E-05 lb/MWh output
7.3E-05 lb/MWh output
7.3E-05 lb/MWh output
7.3E-05 lb/MWh output
7.3E-05 lb/MWh output
7.3E-05 lb/MWh output
7.3E-05 lb/MWh output
0.022 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.022 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.022 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.022 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.022 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.022 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.022 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.025 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.025 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.025 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.025 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.025 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.025 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.025 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.27 lb/MWh output
0.27 lb/MWh output
0.27 lb/MWh output
0.27 lb/MWh output
0.27 lb/MWh output
0.27 lb/MWh output
0.27 lb/MWh output
470 ppmvd – stack test
2400 ppmvd – stack test
770 ppmvd – stack test
Filterable PM
OR --------------------------Metal HAPs
TSM
(select one input
or output basis)
Mercury
Acid Gases
(select one input
or output basis)
HCl
1500 ppmvd – stack test
Organic HAPs
(select one
concentration
or output basis)
CO (concentrations
corrected to 3% O2)
460 ppmvd – stack test
720 ppmvd – 30 day rolling average
310 ppmvd – 30 day rolling average
520 ppmvd – 10 day rolling average
0.46 lb/MMBtu steam output
1.9 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.84 lb/MMBtu steam output
2.8 lb/MMBtu steam output
12 lb/MWh output
5.2 lb/MWh output
Per Table 2 of Subpart DDDDD. Emission limits apply except during startup and shutdown as defined in the rule.
J:\FACTSHTS\ENV_MGMT\Reg_updates\2013\Tables\MACT emission tables--existing boilers.docx
900 ppmvd – 30 day rolling average
2.4 lb/MMBtu steam output
5.1 lb/MWh output
17 lb/MWh output
[1]
2000 ppmvd – 10 day rolling average
0.42 lb/MMBtu steam output
1.4 lb/MMBtu steam output
2800 ppmvd – stack test
1100 ppmvd – stack test
27 lb/MWh output
8.4 lb/MWh output
31 lb/MWh output
TABLE 1c
Major Source Boiler MACT
Final 40 CFR 63 Subpart DDDDD Emission Limits
EXISTING Gas/Oil Boilers and Process Heaters with Heat Input Capacity ≥ 10 MMBtu/hr
January 31, 2013 Federal Register
Pollutants
Units Designed to Burn Light
Liquid Fuel
Units Designed to Burn Heavy
Liquid Fuel
Units Designed to Burn Liquid
Fuel Located in Non-Continental
States and Territories
Units Designed to Burn Other
Gases (Gas 2)
0.0079 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.062 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.27 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.0067 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.0096 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.075 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.33 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.012 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.11 lb/MWh output
0.86 lb/MWh output
3.8 lb/MWh output
0.070 lb/MWh output
6.2E-05 lb/MMBtu heat input
2.0E-04 lb/MMBtu heat input
8.6E-04 lb/MMBtu
2.1E-04 lb/MMBtu heat input
7.5E-05 lb/MMBtu steam output
2.5E-04 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.0011 lb/MMBtu steam output
3.5E-04 lb/MMBtu steam output
8.6E-04 lb/MWh output
0.0028 lb/MWh output
0.012 lb/MWh output
2.2E-03 lb/MWh output
2.0E-6 lb/MMBtu heat input
2.0E-6 lb/MMBtu heat input
2.0E-6 lb/MMBtu heat input
7.9E-06 lb/MMBtu heat input
2.5E-06 lb/MMBtu steam output
2.5E-06 lb/MMBtu steam output
2.5E-06 lb/MMBtu steam output
1.4E-05 lb/MMBtu steam output
2.8E-05 lb/MWh output
2.8E-05 lb/MWh output
2.8E-05 lb/MWh output
8.3E-05 lb/MWh output
0.0011 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.0011 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.0011 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.0017 lb/MMBtu heat input
0.0014 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.0014 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.0014 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.0029 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.016 lb/MWh output
0.016 lb/MWh output
0.016 lb/MWh output
0.018 lb/MWh output
130 ppmvd – stack test
130 ppmvd – stack test
130 ppm – stack test
130 ppm – stack test
0.13 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.13 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.13 lb/MMBtu steam output
0.16 lb/MMBtu steam output
1.4 lb/MWh output
1.4 lb/MWh output
1.4 lb/MWh output
1.0 lb/MWh output
Gas 1
NA
Filterable PM
OR --------------------------Metal HAPs
(select one input
or output basis)
TSM
Mercury
Acid Gases
(select one input
or output basis)
Organic HAPs
(select one
concentration
or output basis)
HCl
CO (concentrations
corrected to 3% O2)
[1] Per Table 2 of Subpart DDDDD. Emission limits apply except during startup and shutdown as defined in the rule.
J:\FACTSHTS\ENV_MGMT\Reg_updates\2013\Tables\MACT emission tables--existing boilers.docx
NA
NA
NA
NA
TABLE 1d
Major-Source Boiler MACT
Final 40 CFR 63 Subpart DDDDD Monitoring and Operating Limits
EXISTING Boilers and Process Heaters with Heat Input Capacity ≥ 10 MMBtu/hr Subject to Emission Limits
January 31, 2013, Federal Register
Operating Limits
(see Tables 4 , 7, and 8
of Subpart DDDDD)
Operation outside of established limits is a deviation except during performance tests conducted to determine compliance or establish new operating limits.
 Wet PM Scrubber (if not PM CPMS)—Maintain 30-day rolling average pressure drop and 30-day rolling average liquid flow rate at or above lowest 1-hour averages established during most
recent performance test.
 Wet Acid Gas (HCl) Scrubber (If not HCl CEMS) —Maintain 30-day rolling average block average effluent pH and 30-day rolling average liquid flow rate at or above lowest 1-hour averages
established during most recent performance test.
 Fabric Filter (if PM CPMS not required)—Maintain opacity to ≤ 10% daily block average OR operate bag leak detection system such that alarm does not sound more than 5% of operating
time during each 6-month period.
 Electrostatic Precipitator (if PM CPMS not required)— Maintain opacity to ≤ 10 % daily block average (dry control only) OR maintain 30-day rolling average total secondary electric power
input at or above operating limits established during performance test.
 Dry Scrubber or Carbon Injection (if not using Hg CEMS) —Maintain minimum activated carbon/sorbent injection rate as defined in §63.7575.
 All other dry add-on air pollution controls (if PM CEMS not required) - Maintain opacity to ≤ 10% daily block average.
 Fuel Analysis – Maintain fuel type or mixture so applicable emission rate calculated according to §63.7530(c)(1), (2) and/or (3) is less than emission limit.
 Operating Load (if using stack tests for compliance) – Maintain operating load such that it does not exceed 110% of the highest average operating load recorded during the most recent
performance test.
 O2 Monitoring (if subject to CO limit) – Maintain 30-day rolling average oxygen level ≥ lowest hourly average concentration established during most recent CO performance test. (Does not
apply to units using O2 trim system).
 SO2 CEMS (if complying with HCl limit using SO2 CEMS) – Maintain 30 day rolling average at or below highest hourly average SO2 emission rate established during the most recent HCl
performance test


Monitoring and
Performance Testing
Highlights
(see Tables 4 through 8
of Subpart DDDDD)







All units with CO limit must install CO CEMS (with O2 monitor) or O2 monitor. When using an O2 monitor alone, oxygen levels ≥ lowest hourly average concentration established during
most recent performance test on a 30-day average. This does not include boilers with oxygen-trim systems, which need to maintain systems as recommended by the manufacturer.
All units≥ 250 MMBtu/hr combusting coal or heavy liquid fuel must install PM CEMS or PM CPMS unless complying with alternative TSM limits. PM 30-day rolling averages must be below
emission limit.
Any units with a PM, Hg, CO or HCl limit may opt to comply with emission limits using a CEMS.
All units monitoring compliance using opacity must install a COMS (unless using a PM CEMS or bag leak detection system)
Performance tests to be performed by July 29, 2016. Testing must be under representative loading conditions and future operating load must not exceed 110% of average operating load
during testing.
Must develop site-specific stack test plan according to requirements in §63.7.
Stack testing frequency is annually (within 13 months of prior test). See footnotes to Tables 1 and 2 of Subpart DDDDD for detail on potential to reduce stack testing to once every three
years (but no more than 37 months after the last performance test.) Sources using emissions averaging must continue to test annually.
For Hg, TSM and HCl, conduct tests burning fuel mixture with highest applicable pollutants (which may be separate tests). As an alternative to stack testing, source may conduct monthly
fuel analyses. If 12 consecutive monthly fuel analyses show compliance, a source may request decreased frequency under §63.8(f).
If showing compliance with TSM standard in lieu of the PM standard, fuel sampling and analyses must be done in conjunction with the stack testing.
J:\FACTSHTS\ENV_MGMT\Reg_updates\2013\Tables\MACT emission tables--existing boilers.docx
TABLE 1e
Major-Source Boiler MACT
Final 40 CFR 63 Subpart DDDDD Work Practice Standards
EXISTING Boilers and Process Heaters
January 31, 2013, Federal Register
EXISTING BOILERS OR PROCESS HEATERS
EXISTING BOILERS OR
PROCESS HEATERS AT
MAJOR-SOURCE FACILTIIES
≤5 MMBtu/hr Firing Gas 1,
Gas 2, or Light Liquid
(not including limited use boilers)
OR
Any Limited-Use Boiler or
Process Heater
Work
Practice
Standards
Have a qualified assessor perform a one-time
energy assessment before January 31, 2016.
Conduct a boiler tune-up every
five years per §63.7540, the
first one by January 31, 2016.
 Tune-up every five years per §63.7540. Conduct no more than 61 months after prior tune-up.
 Biannual tune-up per §63.7540. Conduct no more than 25 months after prior tune-up.
 Annual tune-up per §63.7540. Conduct no more than 13 months after prior tune-up.
J:\FACTSHTS\ENV_MGMT\Reg_updates\2013\Tables\MACT emission tables--existing boilers.docx
With a Continuous
Oxygen Trim System
that Maintains an
Optimum Air-to-Fuel
Ratio
<10 MMBtu/hr Firing Heavy
Liquids or Solid Fuel Without
an Oxygen Trim System
Maintaining an Optimum Airto-Fuel Ratio
<10 MMBtu/hr but >5
MMBtu/hr Firing Gas 1,
Gas 2, or Light Liquid
Without an Oxygen Trim
System Maintaining an
Optimum Air-to-Fuel Ratio
≥10 MMBtu/hr Without an
Oxygen Trim System
Maintaining an Optimum
Air-to-Fuel Ratio, Firing Any
Fuel
Conduct a boiler tune-up
every five years per
§63.7540, the first one by
January 31, 2016.
Conduct a boiler tune-up
biannually per §63.7540, the first
one by January 31, 2016.
Conduct a boiler tune-up
biannually per §63.7540, the
first one by January 31, 2016.
Conduct a boiler tune-up
annually per §63.7540, the
first one by January 31, 2016.
With Numerical Emission
Limits
Minimize boiler startup and
shutdown periods following
manufacturer’s procedures,
operating control equipment and
following procedures outlined in
Table 3 of Subpart DDDDD.