1830
I- Louis XVIII (1815-1824)
a)Bourbon family; brother of
Louis XVI
b)Restored to power by
Congress of Vienna
c)Government was a limited
monarchy
1) Power limited by the French
Charter of 1814
d) Throne passed to his brother
Charles upon his death.
II- Charles X (1824-1830)
a) Brother of Louis XVI and Louis
XVIII
b)Believed in divine right absolutism
c) Attempted to rule as an absolute
monarch
d)Sought to restore the ancien regime
1)Emigres were encouraged to
return to France
2)Strong support for the Roman
Catholic Church
3)Disbanded the French National
Guard, a largely middle class
group
4)Restricted freedom of the press
III- July Revolution in France (1830)
a) Long-term: attempts by Charles X to reestablish old regime
b)Immediate: July Ordinances (1830)
issued by Charles X
1)Greater press censorship
2)Dissolved Parliament and attempted
to restore it w/ conservative members
c) Event:
1)Led by Adolphe Thiers, historian and
editor of Le National
2)Fighting at the barricades in Paris
3)Charles X forced to abdicate and
exiled to England; replaced by LouisPhilippe (1830-48)
Liberty Leading the People is a painting by Eugène Delacroix commemorating the
July Revolution of 1830, which toppled King Charles X of France. (Romantic style)
IV- Louis Philippe (1830-1848)
a) Wealthy businessman, dressed like it, and
had huge sums of $ secured in English
banks
b) Known as “Citizen King” and “King of
the French”
c) Limited monarchy known as the “July
Monarchy”
d) Economic policies and issues
1) Favored business and middle class
over workers
2) Banned workers from unionizing
3) Deserves credit for the
industrialization of France
e) Removed from power by 1848
Revolutions
Belgian Revolution- 1830
Episodes from September Days of 1830 by the Gustaf Wappers (1834) is the most
celebrated depiction of the Belgian Revolution.
Belgian rebels at the barricades during the street fighting in Brussels in September 1830
Russian forces clashing with Polish revolutionaries in Warsaw’s Łazienki Park
1848
V- France- 1848 Revolution
a) Government suffered from economic problems,
corruption, and general discontent
1) Louis-Philippe represented the interests of the
upper-classes alone
2) Refused to make reforms or extend suffrage to
the middle class
3) Made no attempt to reform working conditions
b) The revolt forced Louis-Philippe to abdicate his
throne
c) This started the era of the Second French Republic
1) Republican government
2) Universal male suffrage
3) Slavery abolished
4) National Workshops established by Louis
Blanc, a socialist
5) Louis Napoleon was elected president
i. He will go on to reverse many liberal
reforms
Revolutionaries in Berlin in March 1848, waving the revolutionary flags
A caricature by Ferdinand Schröder on the
defeat of the revolutions of 1848/49 in Europe
(published in Düsseldorfer Monatshefte,
August 1849.)