;
~
..... ·= .,,.
•".
•
•
,.
•..
·. ~ .
••
"
,. •:I
~: • .:t
.;
< ..•
~-
••
•
'\"
~
!
·<'
Pyram..s -· and.this~ : .·.:.::. ···~::.;·-:_.~:-:~:-. ·_ :.
.. .
Shakespeare'-~ R~ and Jali~f~. ;:._plOt :· similar :- to Ovicr s tale of
Pyrarntii and Thisbe.- ·The.siofyJ( ~f 1'i .B~J(mia. Pyramtts· and Thisbe
live in a duplex, -a ,house wit;h ~~; watt: amt.they have:fallen in love
with each other; -·. ~~ ~~!~ .~#µi:.~dr~ge~ - the two meet
to converse' and ·S'eJ'id lds~~S» fb.toi:rgh . . a·. cnrck~ m~ the· wall, but -when love
bcCOmes too powerful·and the~ w.iilf too!- ~®'able1'. the 'two lovers decide
to meet ur the woods at tn¢ iorob ~.Nib,.. :it~ a: mulberry tree. Thisbe
comes firSt ·and drQps ·~r · veil, P."t. fflg~. ~, •~Jf~ in ~ cave in fear of a
lion all bloody · fr~ :a ~nt km: 11:\e lion.-~,- the veil with its blooqy
mouth and departs~ :Tiieti ~ ~ '$i~. sees· This~'s veil all bloody; '
agonizing over liiS' tardy:'ilnivali ':1le : ~: ~lf. :Thishe_~en comes from
the cave, sees:the- body and 'bkX>dy ~PJ: ~-~es that she has been
the cause of Pyramus'· ~·~ ll:L~~ ~~ :pl\t~ .·ttie dagger into herself.
The mulberry ~- wIµCft: up Mi~ 'had ~~~~ ~es. now' bears purple
fruit from the bl~~ gr,qy,~~~= ~·, ~,;- ?d thep_arents bury the _
ashes of the two ~tili;in . a: siftile,; um:~b~ u.sed~ story of Pyr- amus and Thisbe as :tb.i play~~ ))y ~GK:l~P~~ -in Midsummer Night's
Dr~am.
·
··---.-,._._. ,
~ """'..
. ..
·
''"'._:"··, -·
Notes
Chapter XV
PYRAMUS ET THISBE
(pars prTma)
Pyramus iuvenis pulcherrimus et Thisbe virgo fOrmosissima domos
vicinas tenuerunt. Amantes erant, et amor tempore crevit. Parentes amorem
mvenum prohibere temptaverunt. Sed amor viam facit. Fissum erat in pariete
domuum quod 1 nemo per multos annos viderat. Amantes hoc fissum
primi viderant (quid amor non sentit?) et iter vocis fecerunt. Pyramus
stabat hinc, illinc Thisbe, et per fissum verba mollia2 murmurabant.
Nocte, "Vale," dicebant et utrimque oscula dabant.
Deinde Pyramus et Thisbe, duo amantes, consilium habent. Nocte
tallere parentes et domos relinquere temptabunt. Cum reliquerint domos et
oppidum, ad tumulum Nini 3 sub arborem convenient. Arbor est moms,
uberrima pomis albis, 4 vicina fonti.
Primo Thisbe pervenit et sub arbore sedet. Ecce venit leo qui aquas
lnntis bibere desiderat. Quia recens leo animal necaverat, cruor erat in ore.
Procul This be Ieon em videt et in speluncam obsciiram f ugit. Ubi f ugit,
tlamina relinquit quae leo ore cruento laniat. 5
Nunc venit Pyramus; vestigia leonis et velamina cruenta Thisbes vidit.
Miserrimus dixit, "Una nox mortem duorum amantium viderit. Tii fuisti
i lignissima vita longa. Ego sum causa mortis tuae. Ego iussi te venire nocte
6
111 loca periculosa nee ego hiic prior veni. 0 venite, leones, devorate meum
orpus! Sed est timidum solum optare mortem!" Portavit velamina Thisbes
1d arborem, dedit oscula lacrimasque; clamavit, "Ego quoque mortem
~uucram"; itaque gladio se necavit. Sub arbore iacuit, et gladium e vulnere
4
11 1 1t Cruor in herbam emicat' ut fons; ubi radicem arboris m6ri tangit,
1)(nna alba facit purpurea.
1
In the wall ~f the hou.ves was a crack which . . .
·•H words.
It the· tomb of Ninus.
I mulbern• tree, very heavy with white .fruit; mori, of the mulberry ; do not confuse with
""' '
tlic the infinitive of the deponent morior.
H I ·h the lion tears with it.'I b/oodt• mouth.
1
• om1
'•·• t
1mperat1ve, pl.
·
up
123
Translation Notes
124
Latin via Ovid
Verba
Certain words will appear in the vocabulary with an asterisk (*) beside
them. These words will be required to be learned as valuable additions to the
student's vocabulary. The others are necessary for the reading, but need not
be acquired at this time.
NOUNS
*amlns, amantis, c.
•consilium, -ii, n.
•cruor, -aris, m.
*domus, -lis, f
fissum, -i, n.
*gladius, -ii, m.
*herba, -ae,f
*iter, itioeris, n.
le0, le6nis, m.
one who loves, a lover
plan, advice
blood
house, home
crack
sword
grass
road, path, way
lion
death
parent
wall
fruit, apple
Pyramus (a youth)
root, radish
time
Thisbe (a maiden)
grave, mound
garment, covering
track, footstep
*mors, mortis, -ium, f.
*parens, parentis, c.
paries, parietis, m.
p6mum, -i, n.
*Pyramus, -i, m.
radix, radicis, f.
*tempos, -oris, n.
*Thisbe, -is, f.
tumulus, -i, m.
vetlmen, -inis, n.
*vestigium, -ii, n.
VERBS
*bibO, -ere, bibi, bibitum
•convenio, -ire, -vmi, -ventum
fallo, -ere, fefelli, falsum
*fugio, -ere, fiigi, -itmn
murmuro ( 1)
opti> (1)
•pervenio, -ire, -veni, -ventmn
•quaero, -ere, quaesivi, quaesitum
*quaesl, -ere; quaelO (te)
•relinquo, -ere, re6qui, relictum
*sentii>, -ire, sensi, -sum
drink
meet, assemble
deceive
flee
murmur
wish for, desire
arrive
seek, ask, inquire
seek, beg; I beg (you), please
leave behind
feel, know, sense
XV Pyramus et Thisbe (pars prima)
•traho, -ere, traxi, -ctum
•veniO, -ire, veni, ventum
125
draw, draw out, drag
come
ADJECTIVES
white
bloody
worthy (of)
before, earlier
purple
neighboring, near (to)
*albus, -a, -um
cruentus, -a, -um
*dignus, -a, -um + abl.
prior, prius (comparative)
purpureus, -a, -um
*vicious, -a, -um + dat.
OTHER WORDS
•e (ex) + abl.
*hinc
illinc
procul
*qui, quae, quod
•quia
rec ens
•sub + acc. or abl.
*ut
utrimque
out of, from, out from
here, on this side, hence
there, on that side, thence
at a distance
who, which
because
recently
under, beneath
as, like
on each side, on both sides
Structure
89. Fourth conjugation. The infinitive ending of the fourth conjugation is
-ire: venire. To the stem veni- are added the personal endings. Notice how
similar the fourth conjugation is to the third -io.
Third -io Conjugation
fugio, fugere
fugiii
I flee, am fleeing,
do flee
fugis
fugit
fugimus
fugitis
fugiunt
Fourth Conjugation
venio, venire
veniO
I come, am coming,
do come
venis
venit
venimus
venitis
veniunt
The vowel of the fourth conjugation is -i-, but it, like all vowels, must be
shortened before final -t or -nt. Notice that the accent is on the penult in
126
Latin via Ovid
the first and second person plural of the fourth conjugation because of
the long vowel.
veniebam, veniebis, veniebat, veniebimus,
veniebitis, veniebant
Perfect tense:
veni, venisti, venit, venimus, venistis, venerunt
Past perfect tense:
veneram, veneris, venerat, venerimus, veneritis,
venerant
Future perfect tense: venero, veneris, venerit, venerimus, veneritis,
venerint
Imperfect tense:
90. Future tense, all conjugations. The greatest difference between the first
and second conjugations and the third and fourth conjugations is in the
formation of the future tense. The tense sign for the future in the.first and
second conjugations is -bi-, 8 but in the third andfourth, the sign is -e. 9 The
English auxiliary is shall (will) for the future: "I shall love, you will love,
he will love, we shall love, you (pl.) will love, they will love."
First
amabo
amabis
amabit
amabimus
amabitis
amabunt
Second
~
Third
Third-io
REMEMBER THESE SIGNS
I
Fourth
veniam
venies
veniet
veniemus
venietis
venient
-e-
I
91. Synopsis of the verb. A short-cut method for reviewing the forms of a
verb is the synopsis, a presentation of a single person and number of the
verb in all tenses. A synopsis of voco, vocire, vocivi, vocitum in the third
person singular, all tenses, follows:
Present
Imperfect
Future
Perfect
Past Perfect
Future Perfect
vocat
vocibat
vocibit
vocivit
vociverat
vociverit
92. Figures of speech: simile. The comparison of two ideas, using like or as
to introduce the compared image is called simile. It is a device much used
8
9
Note -oo for first person singular and -bu- for third person plural.
Note that -e- becomes -a- in the first person singular.
XV Pyramus et Thisbe (pars prima)
127
by poets, and although the idea of gore spouting up, fountain-like, may
be a bit too graphic for a poetic image today, it is, nevertheless, the simile
used by Ovid, although the original compares the spurting up to,.a jet
stream from a broken pipe.
Cruor emicat, ut fons •••
The blood spurts out, like a fountain ...
93. Superlative of adjectives in -er. The superlative of adjectives which end
in -er is formed by adding -rimus, -a, -um to the nominative masculine
singular.
pulcher, -chra, -ch rum
miser, misera, miserum
sacer,sacra,sacrum
pulcherrimus, -a, -um
miserrimus, -a, -um
sacerrimus, -a, -um
most beautiful
most unhappy
most sacred
94. Declension of domus. Domus is irregular, being formed in part like a
fourth declension noun (see Sec. 101) and in part like a second declension
noun in the accusative and ablative. Remember also that it is a feminine
noun ending in -us:
Norn.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Ab/.
Loc. 10
***
I.
Singular
do mus
domiis, domi
domui, domo
domum
domii, domo
do mi
Plural
domiis
domuum, domorum
domibus
domos, domiis
domibus
Answer these question in Quia in Latin. The story gives you
the words.
Respondete Latine, quaeso.
1. Quis est Pyramus? Quis est This be?
2. Ubi habitabant?
3. Qui amorem iuvenum prohibuerunt?
4. Ubi fissum erat?
5. Quid est consilium iuvenum?
6. Ubi convenient?
7. Quis venit primo?
8. Quis adest quoque?
9. Quid fecit leo? Quid fecit Thisbe?
IO. Quid colorem pomorum miitavit?
Exercises
10
Locative is the place-where case: at home-domi. It exists also with names of cities, towns,
and small islands, resembling the genitive in the singular of nouns of the first and second
declensions: Romae, at Rome.
128 Latin via Ovid
II A. Conjugate in all six tenses: peto, petere; fugiii, fugere; sentio, sentire.
B. Give a synopsis of: relinquo
quaero
facio
pervenio
***III.
3rd person singular
I st person singular
3rd personal plural
lst person plural
Change each verb to the future tense: Answer these question in Quia
I. luvenes oscula utrimque dant.
dabunt
2. J>yramus velamina Thisbes videt.
3. pyramus primus non venit.
4. Leo virgini non nocet.
5. Amor viam facit.
6. Amantes domos relinquunt.
7. pYramus se necat.
8. Poma non sunt alba.
9. Cruor colorem pomorum mfitavit.
10. Leo virginem non devori.vit.
IV.
From the following list of adverbs, choose the correct one for each
sentence:
hinc, illinc, hiic, hie, ibi, olim, deinde, denique, recens, bene, prior' procul,
subito, utrimque, statim.
I. J>yramus (here) in herba iacet.
2. Loo (to this place) non venit.
3. (On this side) stabat pYramus, (on that side) Thisbe.
4. (Once upon a time) erat arbor albis pomis in silva.
5. Oscula (on each side) dabant.
6... Ego (earlier) hiic non veni," dixit pYramus.
7. (Then) pYramus velamina vidit.
8. Thisbe (f.!om a distance) leonem vidit.
9. (Immediately) Pyramus vestigia leonis vidit.
10. (Finally) pYramus quoque mortem quaesivit.
V.
Translate into Latin:
1. Pyramus loved This be (Thisben, Greek ace.), but their parents
tried to prevent (their) love.
2. They spoke through a hole in the wall.
3. They had neighboring houses.
4. They have a plan to leave their homes at night and meet secretly.
5. They will deceive their parents and leave the city.
6. They will meet at the tree near the tomb of Ninus.
7. Thisbe is the first to come (comes first) and sees a lion.
·8. Thisbe flees and leaves behind her veil.
XV Pyramus et Thisbe (pars prima)
129
9. The lion tears (laniat) the veil with his bloody mouth.
10. Pyramus is most wretched when he sees the veil, and he kills
himself with his sword.
Etymology
The endings -arium and -orium mean a place for.
the following roots, English obtains several familiar
a place to hear
a place to have the sun
a place for water
a place for penguins
a planter holding earth
By adding this suffix to
words:
auditsolaquapenguinterr-
The Roman baths had three areas for three temperatures of water: a calidarium (for hot water), a tepidarium (for lukewarm water), and a frigidarium
(for cold water).
The -ium sometimes changes to -yin English; what happens to dormitorium and observatorium?
*
*
*
*
*
Give the English derivatives for the following definitions:
f
a crack in the rock
do mi
the house one lives in
a man who fights with a sword
the triptik from AAA
like a lion
mother and father
not eternal
a meeting of salesmen in New Y o r k e - - - - - - - - - - - - drink liquor
_im_b_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
something asked
_.q. _u_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
leave behind, give up
_r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
a Greek mood
_o_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
_s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
a feeling
sign for square root of a number
_r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
Dialogue
Aperite Iibros, quaeso.
Claudite Iibros, quaes0.
Legite fiibulam, quaeso.
Open your books, please.
Close your books, please.
Read the story, please.
Chapter XVI
PYRAMUS ET THISBE
(pars secunda)
Ecce Thisbe ex spelunca venit. Amantem oculis quaerit quod ei de periculis narrare desiderat. Locum et f6rmam arboris videt, sed color pomi earn
incertam facit. Dum dubitat, videt in herba sub hac arbore corpus Pyrami
cruentum. Multis lacrimis ita clamat virgo territa, "Pyrame, quis te a me
rapuit? Pyrame, Pyrame, responde, tua te carissima Thisbe nominat!"
Ad nomen This bes pYramus oculos aperuit; tum iterum eos in morte
clausit.
Ubi Thisbe velamina sua gladiumque Pyrami vidit, ""Tua te man us,"
inquit, "'amorque tuus necavit. 1 Mihi quoque sunt amor et manus. Me in
mortem mittam; si causa mortis tuae fui, comes quoque mortis tuae er6. 6,
parentes miseri, date nobis hoc donum. Ponite in hoc tumul6 iino nos qu6s 2
amor conifmxit, quos iina hora coniiinxit. At tii arbor, habe semper poma
purpurea, monumenta duorum amantium mortuorum. ''
Dum haec <licit, gladio PyramI se necat. Et deI et parentes haec verba
audiverunt, nam color pomI m6ri3 non iam albus est, sed purpureus ubi
pennitiiruit. t Cinis duorum amantium in iina uma requiescit. 4
1 Latin
often uses a singular verb with a plural subject.
Ju.~ whom /t)l'e hasjoined together.
J
the mulherrr tree.
or
'WMn it has ripened thoroughly.
The prefix per indicates the idea of thoroughly.
'R111.
131
Translation Notes
132
Latin via Ovid
Verba
NOUNS
ashes 5
companion, sharer
hour
memorial, reminder
danger
urn, vessel of baked clay
cinis, -eris, m.
*comes, comitis, c.
*hora, -ae,f
monumentum, -i, n.
*periculum, -i, n.
*urna, -ae,f
VERBS
open
hear
close
says, said
read, gather, choose
send
call, name
put, place
seize, carry off
aperio, -ire, -ui, -pertum
*audio, -ire, -ivi, -itum
claudo, -ere, clausi, clausum
*inquit
*lego, -ere, legi, lectum
*mitto, -ere, misi, missum
*nomino (I)
*pono, -ere, posui, positum
*rapio, -ere, -ui, raptum
ADJECTIVES
uncertain, unsure
dead
*incertus, -a, -um
*mortuus, -a, -um
OTHER WORDS
at (introducing a contrary idea)
*atque
*nam
*non iam
*qu0s
but, yet, but meanwhile
and, and also
for
for, because
whom, acc. pl.
Structure
95. The demonstrative pronoun and adjective this: hie, haec, hoc. 6 Hie in its
declined forms can function either as a pronoun or as an adjective:
5
Ciois means the ashes of a corpse that has been burned; it is frequently used in both
numbers, but occurs in the plural especially in poetry and in post-Augustan prose. Cf. English,
cinerary urn.
6
Some dictionaries list hie and hoc with a long vowel in the nominative, but this text, like
most, will consider the vowel shon to avoid confusion with the adverb hie, here, and the ablative
hoc.
XVI Pyramus et Thisbe (pars secunda)
Pronoun:
Aqjective:
Hoc est bonum
Hie puer est bonus
133
This is good.
This boy is good.
Used either way, it agrees with the word or idea it refers to or modifies.
Norn.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.
Singular (this)
F.
N.
M.
hie
haec hoc
huius huius huius
huic
huic
huic
hone bane hoc
hoc
hac
hoc
Plural (these)
N.
M.
F.
hi
bae
haec
horum harum horum
his
his
his
has
haec
hos
his
his
his
96. The demonstrative pronoun and adjective that: ille, ilia, illud. Ille in all
its declined forms can also function either as a pronoun or as an adjective:
Pronoun:
Adjective:
Norn.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.
lllud est novum.
Illa arbor est pulchra.
Singular (that)
F.
N.
M.
illud
ille
ilia
illius illius illius
illi
illi
illi
ilium illam illud
mo
ma illO
That is strange.
That tree is beautiful.
Plural (those)
N.
M.
F.
ilia
illae
illi
illorum illarum illorum
illis
illis
illis
mas
illa
illos
illis
illis
illis
The inflected forms of both hie and ille often function as substantive pronouns, with the gender indicating whether men, women, or things are being
implied. Since Latin has both natural and grammatical gender, however,
the context helps to determine the antecedent.
Hi sunt mortui.
llli sunt vivi.
Haec venit.
Hane video.
Hie respondit.
Hoc video.
Hi oraverunt.
Hae responderunt.
lllae responderunt.
lllud non est sacrum.
lllam non amo.
lllum non vidi.
1111 pervenerunt.
Piln haec dixit.
These men are dead.
Those men are alive.
This woman is coming.
I see this woman.
This man answered.
I see this thing.
These men prayed.
These women replied.
Those women replied.
That thing is not sacred.
I do not love that woman (or her).
I have not seen that man (or him).
Those men arrived. (or They arrived.)
Pan spoke these things.
Lalin \lia O\lid
I 34
Hie and ille can also mean the latter and the former, respectively:
luppiter Mercurio dicit. Ille (the former) huic (the latter) fiibulam de
senibus bonis in terra narrat.
97. Imperative of verbs, all conjugations. The imperative mood regularly
gives a command. The singular imperative is formed by dropping the -re
of the infinitive form. The plural adds -te to this stem. This third conjugation uses -ite for the plural.
I
voci(re)
Infinitive:
Imper. Sing. : voci
Imper. Pl.:
vocite
II
doce(re)
doce
docete
Ill
mitte(re)
mitte 7
mittite
lll-io
fuge(re)
fuge
fugite
IV
veni(re)
veni
venite
Note the following accents, following the antepenultimate rule:
vodhe docSte
mittite
filgite
venite
Ponite in hoc tumulO nos ...
Hahl semper poma purpurea ...
Orate deos.
Venite ad tabulam.
Salve!
Valete!
Place us in this grave ...
Always have purple fruit ...
Pray to the gods.
Come to the board.
Hello! (Greeting one person)
Goodbye! (Leaving more than
one person)
DO ALL EXERCISES IN QUIA
Exercises
I.
Respondete Latine, quaeso.
1. Cur This be Pyramum quaesivit?
2. Suntne poma adhiic alba?
3. Quern Thisbe in herba vidit?
4. Quid eta.mat Thisbe?
5. Cum Pyramus nomen "Thisbem" audivit, quid fecit?
6. Quae8 Thisbe prope corpus Pyrami vidit?
7. Quid est donum quod 9 Thisbe parentes oravit?
8. Quid est donum quod Thisbe arborem oravit?
9. Quid denique tecit Thisbe?
II A. Supply the correct form of hie:
1.
arbor est pulchra.
2.
gladius est aciitus.
7
8
The imperative singular of dico, facio. and fero is irregular: die, fac, and fer.
Wha1 things.
Which.
9
DO ALL EXERCISES IN QUIA
XVI Pyramus et Thisbe (pars .secunda)
135
3. _ _ _ _ _ librum in manii habeo.
4.
libros in schola habemus.
5.
puellam Pyramus amat.
6.
donum non est tibi.
7.
cinis in iina urna requiescit.
8.
arborem Thisbe non videt.
9.
poma sunt purpurea.
I0.
iina hora duos amantes coniunget.
B. Supply the correct form of ille:
1.
liber est novus.
2.
fiibula est longa.
3.
don um est novum.
4.
librum novum habeo.
5.
longam fiibulam amo.
6.
donum sacrum oravi.
7.
poma sunt purpurea.
8.
gladiO se necavit.
9. Aperi
oculos pulchros.
10. Parentes erant miseri propter - - - - - amantes mortuos.
Ill. Supply the correct form of the imperative. The vocative will indicate
whether you need the singular or plural.
1. (Place), discipuli, libros in mensam.
2. (Place), Thisbe, gladium in herbam.
3. (Hear), discipuli, verba magistri.
4. {EfsyJ), discipuli, fiibulam in libris.
5. (Open), Maree, portam (door).
6. (Close), regina, portas regiae.
7. (Hear), Maree, miisicam deorum.
8. (Write), discipuli, nomina hie, quaeso. (Lesson IV, Dialogue)
9. (Open), servi, urnas.
10. (Send), parentes, filias filiosque ad scholam.