Water: H2O is Awesome! 60 Minute Physical Science Lesson Science-­‐to-­‐Go! Program Grades: 1 -­‐ 3 TEACHER GUIDE Water: H2O is Awesome! Description Studying science takes on a “Splash Factor” as we introduce your students to the basic properties of water. Magnification, reflection, refraction, cohesion…and a few experiments that might seem to even defy gravity! With each demonstration, the class will properly make a hypothesis, test their ideas, and record their findings. Objectives •
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Explain how water can change its state throughout the water cycle Observe and manipulate water’s ability to magnify, reflect and refract Solve the secret of our gravity defying stunts with knowledge of cohesion Predict (and test) whether objects will sink and float by observing their physical properties Ohio’s Learning Standards Grade 1 Science: Earth and Space Science -­‐ Sun, Energy and Weather • The physical properties of water change. Grade 2 Science: Earth and Space Science – The Atmosphere • Water is present in the air. Grade 3 Science: Physical Science – Matter and Forms of Energy • Matter exists in different states, each of which has different properties. How to Set Up Your Room •
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Please have student desks clear before the program begins. Please provide an empty desk or small table for the museum educator to set up display items. If booking multiple programs, transitions will be easier if museum staff sets up in only one location. Additional set-­‐up requirements o Divide class into 6 groups o If possible, please have this program in a classroom with a sink. Water is required. Introduce the vocabulary and additional resources provided below. Vocabulary buoyancy – the tendency of an object to float or to rise when submerged in a fluid. condensation – the process in which water vapor in the air gets cold and changes back into liquid, forming clouds. density – is a measure of mass per unit of volume. evaporation – when the sun heats up water in rivers, lakes, or the ocean and turns it into vapor or steam. The water vapor or steam leaves the river, lake or ocean and goes into the air. hypothesis – an educated guess or tentative explanation for a scientific problem that can be tested by further investigation. magnification – the process of enlarging something, as an optical image. molecules – a tiny piece of anything; the smallest particle of a substance that retains the chemical and physical properties of the substance and is composed of two or more atoms. precipitation – occurs when so much water has condensed that the air cannot hold it anymore. The tiny drops of water fall back to the earth in the form of rain, hail, sleet or snow. reflection – occurs when light bounces off an object. refraction – the turning or bending of any wave, such as a light or sound wave, when it passes from one medium into another of different density. surface tension – a force present within the surface layer of a liquid that causes the layer to behave as an elastic sheet. water cycle – the cycle of evaporation and condensation that controls the distribution of the earth's water as it evaporates from bodies of water, condenses, precipitates, and returns to those bodies of water. water displacement – water displacement occurs when an object is immersed in a fluid, pushing the fluid out of the way. Extension Activities 1. Use the attached worksheet to review the concepts covered in the “Water” program. 2. Human beings are made up of 75% water. Ask students what they think could happen if we do not have enough water. Try this experiment: • Procedure: Place a small bunch of grapes in a window where sunlight can hit them. Explain that the grapes are mostly water, like humans. Leave them there for a few days. Discuss how water in grapes can evaporate, and ask students if water can evaporate out of their bodies. Check the grapes after a few days and discuss what changes happened to them. 3. Discuss how liquids evaporate and fill the air around us. Try this experiment: • Fill one small cup half way with water; fill a second cup to the same level with another liquid (juice, cooking oil, etc.). • Observe the two cups each day. Which evaporates the fastest? Why? Record your data. 4. Experiment with liquids of different densities: In a zip-­‐close baggie, put 1 cup water with ½ cup oil. Tightly close the zip-­‐lock and shake the bag gently. • Hold one top corner of baggie and watch the water and oil separate. Ask students to describe what they see. Try this with other liquids and record your results. 5. Surface tension: • Fill a clean medicine cup or plastic vial with water. You may think the cup is full, but because of the water’s surface tension it can hold more. To see that this is true, use an eye dropper to add drops of water to the cup. • After the water is level with the top of the cup, how many more drops can you add before the water spills over? • From a bottle of liquid detergent, carefully squeeze a single drop of detergent onto the water heaped above the cup. What happened? What does this tell us about the surface tension of soapy water? •
Online Resources for Teachers and Students Click the link below to find additional online resources for teachers and students. These websites are recommended by our Museum Educators and provide additional content information and some fun, interactive activities to share with your class. CMNH Educators regularly review these links for quality. Web addresses often change so please notify us if any links have issues. Cleveland Museum of Natural History https://cmnh.org/edlinks Educator Resource Center (ERC) Materials for Loan The Educator Resource Center offers educator workshops, thematic teaching kits, animal dioramas, and more for loan to area teachers. Contact the ERC at 216-­‐231-­‐2075 for information on individual or school membership. Visit the Museum’s ERC website for more information on workshops https://www.cmnh.org/ERC Hours o Monday through Friday, 1 to 5 PM o Wednesday, 1 to 6 PM o Saturday, 9 AM to 2 PM If you’re interested in additional resources be sure to check out the following ERC materials or browse ERC materials online at http://cmnh.hosting.l4u.com Related ERC kits for this topic include: States of Matter: Use this kit to explore the chemical and physical changes of matter. The Water Cycle: Most of the Earth is covered by water, so why not learn more about it? This kit includes a model of the water cycle, thermometers, measuring spoons, graduated cylinders, and more. All About Weather: This kit forecasts a successful lesson about weather. Hands-­‐on instruments include an anemometer, barometer, hygrometer and thermometers. A fold-­‐out map to teach weather forecasting is also available.
Scientist: _________________
GRADE 1-­‐3 WATER
H2O is Awesome!
Vocabulary: Label each picture with the correct science word. The Water Cycle
Word Bank
Condensation
Evaporation
Gas
Liquid
Precipitation
Solid
States of Matter
Straw Experiment Properties of Water: Magnification and Refraction 1. Draw a straw in the cup of water below to show magnification and refraction. M
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Properties of Water E
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Magnification: Water e can make things look big. r
Refraction: Water ciman make things look bent. e
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Produced and published by the Education Division, The Cleveland Museum
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1 Wade Oval Dr., University Circle, Cleveland, OH 44106. Last updated
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Marble Experiment Properties of Water: Reflection 1. Draw what the cup looked like with one marble inside to show reflection. Properties of Water Cohesion: Water sticks to other water. Reflection: Water can act like a mirror. Penny Experiment Properties of Water: Cohesion 1. How many drops of water fit on your penny? Hypothesis (guess): _______________ drops of water Results: ______________ drop of water 2. Draw what your penny looked like when it had the most water drops stuck on top of it. Density Experiment Properties of Water: Density 1. Hypothesis -­‐ Will the items sink or float? Record your guess in the chart. 2. Test it out – Carefully place each item in the cup of water. 3. Results – Record what happened in the chart. Hypothesis
Sink (S) or
Float (F)?
Results
Sink (S) or
Float (F)?
1. Candle
2. Feather
3. Wooden Stick
4. Button
5. Pipe Cleaner
6. Marble
Produced and published by the Education Division, The Cleveland Museum of Natural History,
1 Wade Oval Dr., University Circle, Cleveland, OH 44106. Last updated 7/26/2016