California Air Resources Board
Off-Road
Activities and Vision
MOVING FORWARD EVENT
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA MATERIAL HANDLING
June 14, 2016
Ongoing Off-Road Related Activities
Emissions Overview
Regulatory Program Updates
 Off-Road Diesel Rule
 Large Spark-Ignition (LSI) Fleet Rule
 Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) Rule
Off-Road Future Regulations
Advanced Technology and Incentives
 Carl Moyer Program
 Low Carbon Transportation Investments and Air Quality
Improvement Program
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ARB Climate Change Goals
AB32 California Global Warming Solutions Act set
Greenhouse Gas Requirements
 1990 levels by 2020
 Additional goals: Gov. Executive Order
 40% GHG reduction below 1990 levels by 2030
 80% GHG reduction below 1990 levels by 2050
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Health Effects: Why are NOx and
PM Important?
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Most Polluted Cities in the United
States Ozone (Smog)
1. Los Angeles Region, CA
2. Bakersfield, CA
3. Visalia, CA
4. Fresno, CA
5. Phoenix, AZ
6. Sacramento/Roseville, CA
7. Modesto, CA
8. Denver, CO
9. Las Vegas, NV
10. Fort Collins, CO
*American Lung Association “State of the Air” Report 2016
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Contribution of Off-Road to Air
Quality
Mobile Source PM2.5
NOx
Off-Road
13%
On-Road
Off-Road
Light
20%
Duty
23%
Marine
17%
Stationary
Sources
13%
Marine
14%
On-Road
Heavy
Duty
27%
On-Road
Light
Duty
15%
Rail
5%
Aircraft
3%
Rail Aircraft
3% 10%
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AreaWide
Sources
4%
On-Road
Heavy
Duty
33%
ARB Criteria Pollutant Goals
Additional significant reductions needed to
meet air quality and climate goals
 70% NOx reduction below 2010 levels by 2023
 Continued effort to reduce PM
 Zero-emission and advanced aftertreatment
technologies are critical
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Regulatory Overview
Regulations
 Off-Road Diesel Regulation
 Large Spark-Ignition Regulation
 Compliance Status
 Updates to the regulation (reporting and labeling)
 Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) Rule
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Off-Road Diesel Regulation
Who does this apply to?
 Off-Road diesel vehicles 25 HP or greater
 Fleet Sizes
 Small: <= 2,500 HP
 Medium: 2,501-5,000 HP
 Large: >5,000 HP
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Options for Compliance
Fleet-Average Emission Standard
-ORBest Available Control Technology (BACT)
Requirements
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Fleet Average Emission Standards
Fleet Average Target Calculation
 Step 1: Determine HP of each piece of diesel equipment
 Step 2: Lookup emission factor for each piece
 Step 3: Target is average of emission factors weighted
by HP
 Online calculators and submittal are available on
website. Compliance verified via data submission into
Diesel Off-Road Online Reporting (DOORS)
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BACT Requirements
BACT Options: Turnover, retrofit, or retire percentage of
fleet horsepower each year
1) Designate vehicle as permanent low use: ≤200 hrs/year
2) Retire vehicle
3) Repower with cleaner engine
4) Install VDECS
5) Replace with cleaner vehicle
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BACT Annual Phase-In Percentage
Large fleets:
2014: 4.8 percent
2015 to 2017: 8 percent
2018 to 2023: 10 percent
Medium fleets:
2017: 8 percent
2018 to 2023: 10 percent
Small fleets:
2019 to 2028: 10 percent
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Restrictions on Adding
Equipment
Tier 0 & Tier 1
 No longer may be added to fleets
Tier 2
 Jan 1, 2018 no longer may be
added to M/L fleets
 Jan 1, 2023 no longer may be
added to small fleets
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Requirements for all fleets
Requirements for all fleets

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Idling Limited to 5 minutes
Written idling policy
Reporting and Labeling
Annual reporting – March 1st each year
 Medium and Large fleets must update annually
 Small fleets beginning in 2018
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For more information
Hotline
 ARB’s DOORS Hotline at 1-877-59DOORS (1-877-593-6677)
 Email: [email protected]
Off-Road Diesel Knowledge Center
http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/ordiesel/knowcenter.htm
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Large Spark-Ignition (LSI) Engine
Fleet Regulation
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What type of equipment is
affected?
LSI Equipment subject to regulation



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Forklifts
Industrial tow tractors
Industrial sweeper scrubbers
Airport ground support equipment (GSE)
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What is an LSI engine?
Gasoline, propane, and CNG fuel
 Greater than 25 HP
 Greater than 1 liter engine
 Self-propelled
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Forklift Definition
For the purposes of the LSI Fleet Regulation:
“Forklift”
 An electric Class 1 or 2 rider truck, or
 An LSI engine-powered Class 4 or 5 rider truck
 As defined by the Industrial Truck Association (www.indtrk.org)
“Forklift” does not mean:
 An electric Class 3 truck (e.g., pallet jacks & walkies)
 Man lifts, scissors lifts, and bucket/boom lifts
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Tow Tractor Definition (non-GSE)
“Industrial Tow Tractor”
 An electric motor or LSI engine Class 6 truck as defined by the
Industrial Truck Association
 Designed primarily to push or pull non-powered trucks, trailers, or
other mobile loads on roadways or improved surfaces
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Sweeper/Scrubber Definition
“Sweeper/scrubber”
 An electric motor powered or large spark-ignition enginepowered piece of industrial floor cleaning equipment
 Designed to vacuum up small debris (litter) and/or scrub and
squeegee the floor
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Airport Ground Support
Equipment Definition
“Airport GSE”
 An electric motor or LSI engine
 23 subcategories
Air Conditioner
Cart
Lavatory Cart
Air Start
Catering Truck
Lavatory Truck
Aircraft Tractor
De-icer
Lift
Baggage Tractor
Fork Lift
Passenger Stand
Belt Loader
Fuel Truck
Service Truck
Bobtail
Generator
Sweeper
Cargo Loader
Ground Power Unit
Water Truck
Cargo Tractor
Hydrant Truck
 Includes “On-Road Equivalent GSE,” those pieces of
GSE designed for, but not licensed for on-road use
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Controlling LSI engines
Automotive-style controls
 Three-way catalytic
converter:
 Controls HC, NOx, and CO
 Requires stoichiometric
A/F ratio
 Packaged as a catalytic muffler
 Fuel/air control
 OEMs use fuel injection and
onboard computers
 Retrofit kit manufacturers use
an Oxygen sensor, solenoid,
and electronic controller to do
the same thing
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Fleet Average Requirements
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Fleet Size
Two separate fleets
 Forklift
 Non-forklift
 For each, include pieces of electric equipment
Fleet Sizes
 Small: 1-3
 Medium: 4-25
 Large: 26+
Fleet Aggregation
 Equipment aggregated into a single fleet if procurement decisions and/or
budgeting for facility location(s) occur at a higher corporate level
 May be considered different fleets if budgeting and procurement decisions
are made independently
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LSI Fleet Regulation Exemptions
Fleet Exemptions
 Small Fleets
 3 or fewer forklifts, and/or
 3 or fewer pieces of non-forklift LSI engine equipment
 Rental or lease equipment operated 30 or fewer
aggregated calendar days per year
 In-field forklifts (agricultural use ≥50%)
 Tactical support equipment
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Fleet Average Emission Level
Standards
Fleet Average Emission Level Standard
in Grams HC+NOx per kilowatt-hour (brake horsepower-hour)
LSI Fleet Type
Number of units
HC+NOx Standard
Forklift – large fleet
26+
1.5 (1.1)
Forklift – mid-size fleet
4-25
1.9 (1.4)
4+
3.4 (2.5)
Non-forklift – GSE, tow tractor,
sweeper
 GSE forklifts must comply with the forklift standards
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Calculating the Fleet Average
Average of HC+NOx certification/verification standards
Engine Category
Pre-2001 model years
Uncontrolled 2001-2003 MY
Controlled 2001-2003 MY
2004 to 2006 MY
2007 to 2009 MY
2010+ MY
HC+NOx Emission Factor
16.0 g/kW-hr (12.0 g/bhp-hr)
4.0 g/kW-hr (3.0 g/bhp-hr)
0.8 - 2.7 g/kW-hr
(0.6 - 2.0 g/bhp-hr)
0.8 g/kW-hr (0.6 g/bhp-hr)
Engine labels will indicate model year
 OEM-certified engines and verified retrofit kits
 Typically on valve cover or other conspicuous location
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LSI Fleet Regulatory Requirements
2013 Final Compliance Date
 Applies to forklifts, tow tractors, airport ground
support equipment, and sweepers/scrubbers
 Requires retrofit or replacing uncontrolled equipment
 Phase-in of Fleet Average Emission Standards
 ZE equipment can count towards LSI fleet average or
Off-Road Diesel fleet average, but not both
 Zero-emission market share is growing
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LSI Regulatory Updates
Reporting Rule
 LSI fleet record-keeping
requirement expiring
 Proposing to add reporting and
labeling similar to DOORS
 Purpose: Facilitate uniform
compliance, update fleet population,
identify ZE incentive opportunities
 Public Comment:
www.arb.ca.gov/regact/2016/sparkignition
2016/sparkignition2016.htm
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Who does this affect?
LSI Reporting Applicability
 Medium Fleets
 Large Fleets
 Exemptions
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Information to be Reported
Reporting Fields
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Equipment specifications
Engine specifications
Verified retrofits
Annual hour meter readings (if necessary to qualify for
an exemption)
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Labeling Requirements
Label Specifications
 Diesel Off-Road On-online Reporting System (DOORS)
will provide Equipment Identification Number (EIN)
 Red with white letters
 One label per vehicle
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LSI Reporting Rule Dates
Board Dates and Deadlines
 Board Hearing Date: July 21, 2016
 Annual Reporting into online database: June 30, 2017
 Labeling: Beginning June 30, 2017
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For more information…
LSI Activity Website Address
http://www.arb.ca.gov/lsi (main page)
http://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/2016/sparkignition2016/sparkigni
tion2016.htm (regulation updates)
LSI Regulation Update Public Comment Submittal
http://www.arb.ca.gov/lispub/comm/bcsubform.php?listname=
sparkignition2016&comm_period=A
LSI Reporting Rule
 Todd Sterling, Off-Road Implementation Section
 [email protected] (916) 323-2397
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Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS)
Overview
 Producers of petroleum based fuels must reduce the
carbon intensity by at least 10% by 2020
 Fuel mix determines compliance
 Credits earned for supplying energy for electric
vehicles
 Free market for credits to assist compliance
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LCFS Credit Price and Volume
Trend
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LCFS Credits for Forklifts
Off-Road LCFS Credits
 Forklifts and fixed guideway systems newly added to
eligible ZE vehicles
 Credit can be awarded to fleets if they are able to
accurately record electricity usage for forklifts
 Credit value based on market price
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Credit Price Calculator
Credit Price Calculator
 www.arb.ca.gov/fuels/l
cfs/dashboard/creditpri
cecalculator.xlsx
 Tells value of each
credit based on the
equipment and fuel
being used
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For more information…
LCFS Electricity and Hydrogen Program
http://www.arb.ca.gov/fuels/lcfs/electricity/electricityh2.htm
Registering Account to Claim Credits
http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/bus/04072016.pdf
ARB Contact
 Jing Yuan; Industrial Strategies Division
 [email protected] (916) 322-8875
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ARB Planning Documents
Discussion Documents
 Framework of strategies to reduce pollution
 Outlines short/long term ARB measures
 Emphasis on transportation such as Trucks, Marine,
Locomotives, Cargo Handling, Industrial, Aircraft
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Zero Emission Off-Road Actions
Regulatory and Incentive Programs
 Sustainable Freight Strategy
 Zero-Emission Off-Road Regulation Phase I (2019/20)
 Zero-Emission Off-Road Emission Reduction Assessment
(2025+)
 Zero-Emission Airport GSE
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Sustainable Freight Strategy
Reduce emissions and improve efficiency for freight
 Deploy 100,000 ZE freight vehicles and equipment by 2030
 Improve freight system efficiency by 25%
 Facility Based Approach Concept
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Zero-Emission Off-Road Regulation
Phase 1
Regulatory Concept: Increase deployment of ZE forklifts

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Lift capacity ≤ 8,000 lbs
Medium/Large fleets
Phase-in rate influenced by funding availability
ZE technology is suitable in most applications and with good ROI
Potential Board Hearing Date: 2019/20
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Zero-Emission Off-Road Emission
Reduction Assessment
Follow-up to ZE Phase I (2025+)
 Evaluate state of ZE infrastructure, battery technology
 Set incentive or regulatory strategies for transferring
ZE to higher power equipment
 Larger forklifts, construction, mining, industrial
 Zero and near-zero where possible
 Will be used to inform development of Phase II
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Zero-Emission Airport GSE
Increase penetration of ZE GSE
 GSE is catalyst to transition ZE to other applications
 Already ZE belt loaders, baggage tugs, cargo tractors,
cargo loaders, forklifts and aircraft tugs
 Advanced Tech Demos for large applications (wide body
aircraft tug)
 Conservative: Financial Incentives, natural turnover
 Aggressive: Regulation to turnover
 Potential Board Date: 2018
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For more information…
Sustainable Freight Transport
 Freight Transportation Branch
 [email protected] (916) 322-8382
Sustainable Freight Transport Website Address
http://www.arb.ca.gov/gmp/sfti/sfti.htm
Zero-Emission Off-Road
 David Eiges, Advanced Emission Control Strategies Section
 [email protected] (626)575-6602
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ARB Off-Road Incentive Programs
Carl Moyer Program
(www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/moyer/moyer.htm)
Low Carbon Transportation Investments and Air Quality
Improvement Program (AQIP)
(http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/aqip/aqip.htm)
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Moyer Eligible Projects
Partnership with ARB and local air districts
 Grants pay incremental cost of cleaner-than-required
technologies
 Produces emissions reductions that are early and
surplus to regulations that would not otherwise occur
 Projects must be cost-effective
 Complements regulations
 ARB provides guidance and oversight
 Air district administers funds and selects project
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Popular Moyer-Funded Projects
Moyer Project Categories
Project Options
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 Fleet Modernization /
Equipment Replacement
 Retrofits
 Repowers
 Purchase of new equipment
Heavy-duty on-road vehicles
Off-road equipment
Marine
Shore power
Locomotive
Stationary/portable
agricultural equipment
 Emergency equipment
 Lawn and garden equipment
 Light-duty vehicle scrap
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Common Off-Road Projects
Off-Road Diesel Repowers/Retrofits
 Up to 85% of repower cost for cleanest engine
 Up to 100% of retrofit cost for highest level retrofit
Off-Road Equipment Replacement
 Available for both diesel and LSI equipment
 Can cover up to 80% of equipment replacement cost
Fleets must be in compliance with fleet rule(s)
 In-Use Off-Road Diesel-Fueled Fleets Regulation
 Off-Road Large Spark-Ignition Engine Fleet Requirement
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2017 Program Guidelines
Guidelines under development
 Considering adjusting the cost-effectiveness limit
 Possible Inclusion of infrastructure cost (electric,
hydrogen, CNG)
 Potential to leverage funds with other incentive
programs
Tentative Dates
 Summer 2016 ‐ 2nd Workshop
 Fall 2016/Winter 2017 – Publish proposed Guidelines
 Spring 2017‐ Present Guidelines to the Board
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For more information…
Carl Moyer Program Staff
Neva Lowery; [email protected]
Carl Moyer Website Address
www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/moyer/moyer.htm
Air Quality Management District Contacts
www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/moyer/air_district_contacts.htm
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Low Carbon Transportation
Investments and AQIP
Overview
 Board Hearing: June 23rd 9 AM; proposed FY 2016-17
Funding Plan open for public comment
 $175M from Low Carbon Transportation for heavy-duty
vehicle and off-road equipment projects
 $28.6M from AQIP for truck loans and agricultural
equipment trade-up project in the San Joaquin Valley
 Support mobile source technology advancement through
technology demonstration and incentive programs
Guiding Principles
 Start the turnover to a zero- & near-zero fleet
 Focus on project types underserved in other ARB
incentive programs
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2014-15 Advanced Tech
Demonstration Projects
Multi-Source Facility Demonstration Project
 Multiple types of equipment at one facility using zero or
near-zero emission technology
 Distribution centers, warehouses, ports, etc.
Zero-Emission Drayage Truck
Demonstration Project
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2016-17 Proposed Funding Plan
Material Handling Projects
ZE Freight Equipment Pilot Commercial Deployment - $5M
 Early commercial applications of ZE forklifts, yard tractors,
TRUs, GSE, rail mover
 Catalyst for technology development
Off-Road Freight Equipment Advanced Tech Demo - $18M
 Zero and near-zero technology
 Cargo Handling, GSE, Port Equipment, Locomotive technologies
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For more information on AQIP
AQIP Funding
 Peter Christensen, Innovative Heavy-Duty Strategies Section
 [email protected] (916) 322-1520
AQIP Activity Website Address
http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/aqip/aqip.htm
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Backup Slides
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