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Number of transactions
'5
1200000
1100000
1000000
900000
800000
700000
600000
500000
400000
300000
200000
100000
0
InnoDB
BerkeleyDB
CDB
0
2
4
6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Response time (ms)
l @"?wAEHKt5 ^';!UKE_KPQ_q<?>AQHK DH@NrsK,J@NQ6DFE_@ wADH@N<?> t <?E!DHUK , KMDY6Bw QHxPE_@ KPE hp,G:DFG DHEFGI>AQFGIx DF@N<I>
@RDFU 5 ]I'
] ]I]?] QHw QHxPE_@ KPE_Q
1000
1000
800
800
MQTh (tps)
1200
MQTh (tps)
1200
600
400
200
600
400
200
InnoDB
BerkeleyDB
0
0
10
30
50
70
90
Elapsed time (min.)
110
130
10
30
50
70
90
Elapsed time (min.)
110
130
1200
MQTh (tps)
1000
800
600
400
200
Commercial DB
0
10
30
50
70
90
Elapsed time (min.)
110
130
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1200
1200
1000
1000
800
800
MQTh (tps)
MQTh (tps)
600
400
200
600
400
200
InnoDB
BerkeleyDB
0
0
10
30
50
70
90
Elapsed time (min.)
110
130
10
30
50
70
90
Elapsed time (min.)
110
130
1200
MQTh (tps)
1000
800
600
400
200
Commercial DB
0
10
30
50
70
90
Elapsed time (min.)
110
130
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1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
MQTh (tps)
MQTh (tps)
&
InnoDB
30
50 70 90 110 130 150
Elapsed time (min.)
MQTh (tps)
10
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
BerkeleyDB
10
30
50 70 90 110 130 150
Elapsed time (min.)
Commercial DB
10
30
50 70 90 110 130 150
Elapsed time (min.)
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%:
1200
MQTh (tps)
1000
800
600
400
InnoDB
BerkeleyDB
CDB
200
0
100k
200k
Number of subsribers
500k
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2
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500000
450000
400000
350000
300000
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200000
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100000
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Response time (ms)
Number of transactions
0
Number of transactions
Number of transactions
500000
450000
400000
350000
300000
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
0
InnoDB
BerkeleyDB
CDB
0
2
4
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Response time (ms)
InnoDB
BerkeleyDB
CDB
0
2
4
6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Response time (ms)
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