Advanced Materials Research
ISSN: 1662-8985, Vol. 680, pp 284-288
doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.680.284
© 2013 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland
Online: 2013-04-10
Research on Modern Technology and Sports Innovation Mechanism
Gou Ming1, Yang Jing1
1
Sports Department of Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Chongqing, China
[email protected]
Keywords: Technological innovation; Sports equipment; Athletic performance
Abstract. This paper concludes four points on relevant mechanisms of sports corresponding to
technology: mechanism of technological innovation, mechanism of self-perfection, mechanisms of
selection and codes of ethics. The mechanism of technological innovation provides external driving
force to sports' agreement with technology, self-perfection mechanism provides internal driving
force to their agreement and the mechanism of selection enables sports and technology to choose
based on their own needs. While the mechanism of code provides theoretical basis and codes to the
long-term sound development after sports corresponding to technology.
Preface
The scientific and technological innovation mechanism of physical education is a history of
technological innovation of sports. Innovation is the soul of a nation's progress and the
inexhaustible driving force of national prosperity. The development of science and technology has
become the fundamental power for the progress of a country and a nation. Competition among
countries refers to the progress of science and technology to some extent, and the progress of
science and technology depends on technological innovation. The essence of conjunction between
physical education and science and technology is to make physical education become scientific and
technological, that is, the scientification and technicalization of physical education.
Sports science innovations
Innovation of products
The most outstanding aspect of sports science innovation is innovation of sports products, which
includes the innovation of sports clothes, shoes, equipments and venues, etc. Examples include the
products that debuted in competitions, e.g. the electronic starting pistol, electronic timer, and the
Hawk-Eye (video real-time playback system).
Craft innovation
Craft innovation means to design and create new craft process, craft formula, craft parameter by
adopting the original craft conditions, and also including improvement or reformation of the
original craft conditions. For example, the essence of innovation in sportswear is the process of
productive technology. The nanometer technology which is so popular in recent years is widely
used in the sportswear industry.
Innovation of new resource development
It mainly includes to open up raw material supply source, to develop and utilize plenty of new
materials, to reform the quality and performance of the materials, and to use the new materials or
semi-finished products to substitute the original materials or semi-finished products. The
development of new resource in the field of sport, in some way, means the replacement of new
material. From the constantly broken world records of pole vault, we witness the huge benefit
brought by this innovative application of new material; when pole vaulting was first established as a
formal event, the wooden poles were used but were found to be stiff and fragile, and were thus
superseded by bamboo poles. Without a single exception, world-class athletes at that time chose the
Japanese-made bamboo poles which exhibited very high strength and toughness. After the
innovation of craft, the material of the pole became metal and nylon. But, the rapid development of
pole vault record did not happen until the pole which integrates the glass fiber after multiple
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fabrication processing and organic resin. This technology made Bubka's legend possible. In recent
years, an American sports equipment manufacturer discovered that the high strength and toughness
of graphite enables it to be used in the manufacturing of the much more advanced graphite pole.
The replacement of this series of materials indicates the development of new resource.
Opening up new market
Opening up new market means to guide the consumers and create demand through enterprise
activities. Sport technology originates from, develops rapidly under the demand of, and is widely
used throughout competitive sports; so if any enterprises want to maintain its competitive advantage,
they can only integrate the more cutting-edge technologies of competitive sports into the
development of more advanced high-tech products, which is difficult to some small and
medium-sized enterprises as well as domestic ones. However, some enterprises found that
technology innovation does not simply means the innovation of product, craft and resource, but also
the expansion of new market. The world famous sport product manufacturers like Adidas and Nike
take use of the appeal of the excellent players who enjoy worldwide prestige to make propaganda of
its sport wear, sneaker introducing the sport equipment to the ordinary group for promoting its
brand and market expansion. Besides, we found that each sport item has its own professional sport
equipment. Nike devotes itself to basketball equipment research; Adidas preaches the sport
technology of football; and New Balance focuses on jogging research. On this regard, the
international brands mostly make intensive innovation on a certain sport and drive the sales of the
series products through single item. Studying on this phenomenon, the domestic famous sport
equipment manufacturer, Erke, adopts the same strategy that focuses itself on tennis through the
strengths self-evaluation and market survey. Erke decided to lay its goal on tennis, and channel
technology innovation in tennis equipment through the research on tennis mechanism.
Modern Science and Technology and Sport Mechanism
Darwin mentioned several keywords in his masterpiece “On the Origin of Species”: natural
selection, survival of the fittest, gene mutation. The species on the earth can survive after a series of
challenges including choice, competition, mutation adjustment and survival. It is also the same in
the application of the process of the integration of sport and science and technology. Like the
evolution of species, the integration of sport and science and technology is a gradual and evolving
process from junior to senior, simple to complex.
Physical education's choice of science and technology is perfecting with the improvement of
technological action day by day, the performances of various sports have been continuously
promoted, and have the possibility of approaching human extremes gradually. However,
physical education's requirement for performance has always been surpassing and endless pursuit.
In view of the situation that the extremes of human itself have been basically reached, physical
education must break the bottleneck by virtue of external forces. At this time, sports resort to the
power of science and technology. However, the choice of science and technology has become
extremely important. Science and technology of the world change with each passing day and new
science and technology product might be born in every minute, in every second. So how does sport
choose the numerous innovations for sport product? From a series of sport technology or its
products, we can find that the latest, highest-tech and top technology is always chosen. It's a very
transitory progress from an advent of a new technological project or product to application to sports.
For instance, the new material technology, space technology, bionics technology and other
advanced technology in world are applied in sport.
The selection of science and technology to sport
Sport presents high requirements to selection of science and technology; in return science and
technology have prerequisites for selection of sport. Looking from almost all sports technology
products and results are, we can find the technology factors are added to real layer such as
sportswear, training device, competitive device, sports equipment and stadium. While the
technology being used to produce all kinds of sports equipments by conjunction with sports and
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being marketed in market, the manufactures and enterprises will gain benefits in short time and
develop new product and put on the market, the process is simple and convenient and forms a well
circulation: production-put on market-gain benefits-reproduction.
The choosing mechanism outside sport technology
The choosing mechanism does not only occur within the sport technology itself, but also promote
the mutual development of both sport and technology, and create performance on the external sport
technology. On one hand, sports science and technology as one side to be selected, positive
selection is a market demand. The market preferences and people's choices have decided the
development direction of sports science and technology. Generally, according to the market needs,
people put emphasis on studying the demands of people for the function, pattern and structure
designed by using new sports science and technology; when they are conducting surveys, they will
choose suitable commodities by integrating needs in various aspects. The subject position of human
in sports is wearing off, while technology starts to be provided with initiative as the leading force of
sports and its affected human consciousness follow with the development of technology. The guide
function of the progress of sports science and technology for traditional sports ideas has appeared,
and it has given rise to the phenomenon of sports science and technology changing sports face to
some extent.
Self-perfection Mechanism
The forming cause of self-perfection mechanism
Sport and technology are two completely different fields. Discordance exists in the primary
relation, where certain disparity can be found in terms of essential, value and connotation. They are
the two new gears which find unmixing with each other partly. However, with time passing by and
use increasing, both of them will accomplish its self-perfection to change itself in line with the form
and characteristic of the other. From this perspective, it is found that the interactive relation can not
be formed until the internal motive and external motive coordinate with each other. During
interactive relation of the two, the forming of the final agreement from interaction through
application is the evolution to order structure of sports technology, the factors inside the system will
form specific structure as per the relativity, cooperativity or certain privity of one another.
The operation of the mechanism of self-perfection
While sports science and technology is chosen by the market's preference and people's interest,
it needs to adapt to the market and the demand of the society. Just like in animal kingdom, the
flying species evolve cold-proof feather to fit low temperature at high altitude and the aquatic
animals degrade pulmonary structure to fit anoxic condition in water and so on. In the process of
self-perfection, the sport technology changes accordingly and adjusts itself to meet the demand of
society, market and user.
The Mechanism of Ethics Code
The Reason for the Forming of the Mechanism of Ethics Code
It is obvious to find that science and technology have great influence on the change of people's
life, and it also plays a significant role in the advancement of material civilization and the spiritual
civilization. Because it can bring huge economic benefits, it is widely respected throughout the
world and infiltrates to all aspects of our culture life. However, in the field of social ethics, there are
scholars who start to pay attention to the negative effects, technology alienation, brought by the
worldwide expansion of science and technology. Technology alienation means that in the process of
using technology to transform and control nature, technology can control and slave human. Glass
fiber pole, creates its first world record 4.83 m in 1961 by America sportsman Davis, by which,
John Julusess jumped 4.89 m in the next year, and Fred Hansen improved the world record to 4.89
m in Tokyo Olymic Games, 1964. Within a few years, a grim competition occurs in pole vault with
world record being rewritten several times, and now, the world record has reached over 6 meters.
Compared with any other track and field project, the "leap forward" of the carry all before one is
unique. From the development process of some items, we find neither the sportsman itself is lead
nor has relation to his adopted technology or strategic, the determiner mainly lies in the adopted
equipments. For instance, the sport, involving both man and equipment, like tennis, badminton,
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table tennis and so on, in which the technical essential and the technical feature, will not be decided
by its subject -- human; instead, it is the material and characteristic that decides the technical
characteristic of this player. Reviewing the cases above, we can't help but asking whether the origin
of world record is the success of the extreme challenger of human or the success of the innovation
of science and technology. It is the human or the science and technology that accomplishes the
world record or participate in the competition.
Rule of Fair Competition
Rule of fair competition in the field of moral principle of sport means each sport activity
participant, who takes part in the game in line with the regulation of sport competition and equal
standards and requirements to competition rules, is treated equally without discrimination, equally
enjoys all kinds of rights and obligations in terms of participation, competition, and enjoying the
achievement of sport.(1) The phenomenon of dope abuse. The stimulant is called "dope" in English,
one saying is that it was a kind of alcohol with strong function in the blacks dialect of Southern
Africa, and the other saying is that it originated from Dop in Dutch. Stimulant, originally, means the
drug that can suscitate human's nervous system, and as a result, excite people and improve his
performance. Later, it is widely referred as the drug affected on human performance help improve
athlete's score.① Stimulant, as the drug to improve athletic ability in a short time, has extreme
damage to human body, and has attached to many field of human sports like ghost and stained the
lofty sportsmanship. Many excellent athletes in the world becomes reckless in desperation to use
stimulant under the temptation of huge economic interest and capacity, and get punishment or even
lose their life.（2）Unfair use of technology stimulant. Technology stimulant refers to the technology
method to improve performance in a fast way. However, stimulant is high-tech product endowed
with huge human resource, material resources, investment. Thus, in the process of using this
stimulant, not all the athlete could afford the cost. For instance, a shark-skin like swimsuit cost a
large sum of resource in production, whose price reaches as high as 7000 yuan per each, and it can
only be used for 6 times in order to reach its best performance. This kind of technology product is
of high price which is unapproachable for the athletes who are from underdeveloped countries and
regions, and who can only use the general product to compete with. The disparity between these
competition equipments will render the ranking of each athlete before the game. Without the same
starting line, there is no fair finish. "Fairly, Openly, Equitably" is put forward on the basis of fair
competition principle, but now it is covered by the negative effects brought by the use of
technology.
Conclusion and suggestion
Technology innovation mechanism is the most important mechanism for sports and technology
integration and provides motivation to technology progress. During the integration process, the
selection mechanism helps sports and technology select factors needed factors, which will be
chosen by market at the same time, for self-development and provides foundation for sports and
technology to move forward. Self-perfection mechanism is the operation of self-adjustment after the
finish of mechanism choosing. Due to the technology pursuit of efficiency, it is inevitable to cause
side effects in the process of integration of sport and technology for technology alienation, for
instance, the decrease of human factor, the loose of fair play principle and the threat imposed on
human health; due to the inhibition brought by sports technology alienation to sports development,
ethics code will play its role in the integration process to eliminate the said negative influences by
idea and action.
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