Introductory
Bambara Language
Training Program
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Acknowledgements
This Bambara book is designed in the behalf of the Peace Corps Trainees learning Bambara to
help them meet the needs of Peace Corps Mali in terms of their linguistic and cultural training as
Volunteers.
As this manual will be mostly used during the training that happens among the village
communities, its contents are based upon the CBT style.
We hope then, dear PCTs, that the use of this book could contribute efficiently not only
to your training in Bambara language, but also to culturally guiding you, future volunteers.
The success of this book in both fields will depend on its use relating on the realities of
your training sites.
This trainee book ″Kalanden ka Gafe” is designed as follows:
I-
COMMUNICATIVES TASKS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
2-
17
Objectives
Pictures
Cultural Notes
Safety and Security Notes
Personal health Notes
Dialogs
Texts
Vocabulary
Grammar
Exercises
TDAs
Self Evaluation
APPENDIX
•
•
•
•
Grammatical Notes
Proverbs
Translation
Stories
We render a huge tribute to the Peace Corps/Mali Country Director,
Doctor Michael J. Simsik, who constantly supported and fostered the Language Program in
the elaboration of these books.
Ours sincere acknowledgments also to the whole Training Team, particularly to
Mamadou Doudou NDoye (Assistant Language Coordinator and Project Manager), Bocar
Bocoum (Language and Technical Training Coordinator), Moussa Camara, Abdallah Ag
Mohamed Assaleh (Language and Cross Culture Facilitators) and all those who took part in
the elaboration of these books.
Thanks for your permanent endeavors and herein expecting your advises and
suggestions that will be, indeed, helpful for future language books.
Bocar BOCOUM
Language and Technical Coordinator
July, 2009
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Preface
Welcome to Mali and our language training program! Our language training program, already proven
highly effective in its ability to teach trainees language acquisition in a very short amount of time,
continues to seek ways to broaden the language skills needed by Volunteers. Discussions and
reflections among Peace Corps Staff and Volunteers about how we can improve the effectiveness of the
language program focused on the integration of language and technical skills acquisition for the
purpose of improving Volunteer performance in the field. The genesis of this reflection involves the
following question: “What are the knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) that Trainees need in order
to become highly effective Volunteers?” This manual is, in part, an answer to this question as its
purpose is to provide you, as a Peace Corps Trainee, useful vocabulary and terminology based on real
situations that you should expect to encounter as a Volunteer in Mali. This manual also represents a
big step in the direction of implementing the new training design and evaluation process, whereby all
training activities are driven by clearly defined competencies, KSAs, learning objectives and teaching
methods.
As a Trainee, you have a very limited amount of time to acquire a new language. However, the
adequate acquisition of your new language will be vital for you if you are to become an effective
Volunteer. You can best use your precious language learning time by employing effective language
learning strategies to improve your language skills. One such strategy that has proven successful is to
use technical vocabulary and dialogs from real situations that you will encounter in your work.
Learning languages also requires a sense of adventure and a certain amount of experimentation on the
part of the learner. As the learner, you need to also be willing to make mistakes. You are highly
encouraged to do so, as your language trainers are a very sympathetic and friendly audience with
whom to make mistakes. They will guide you and correct you as needed, helping you to build your
skills along the way. We also ask that you practice often with the vocabulary and phrases in this
manual, and even use role plays with your language instructors to improve your mastery of the
content. It will only help to ease your comfort level and build your confidence, so that once you are a
Volunteer using these technical vocabulary and phrases in real situations with your counterparts,
colleagues, and fellow villagers, you will not be intimidated (or at least, a little less so!). Note that the
material in this manual is included because other Volunteers have found it useful to their work and
other aspects of their service in Mali. So give it a try and see how it can help you to improve your
acquisition of local language as well as your understanding of the technical aspects of the work you
anticipate doing as a Volunteer.
I would also like to give a big “thank you” to Mamadou N’Doye (Doudou) and Abdallah Ag
Mohamed, who have labored hard to produce these manuals. Their diligent work and dedication are
acknowledged, and Peace Corps-Mali is grateful for their service and commitment to Trainees and
Volunteers alike. They strive to insure that Trainees and Volunteers attain a comfort level in the
language in which they will work. With such a comfort level, Volunteers will be able to work
productively, integrate culturally, live happily, and leave Mali with a successful legacy of service to
their communities.
Good luck and again, welcome to Mali!
Dr. Michael J. Simsik
Programming and Training Officer
U.S. Peace Corps – Mali
July 1st, 2009
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BAMBARA
COMMUNICATIVE
TASK
1
- Greeting
- Introducing
oneself
- Saying goodbye
List of Communicative
Tasks
OBJECTIVES
◙ Greet alone in appropriate ways
according to the different moments
of the day, in the community.
◙ Tell with precision his/her first
name, his family name and where
he/she comes from.
◙ Use, at least, three (3) types of
questions to know the name of
some objects in a real situation.
2
- Asking the world
for something
VOCABULAR
Y
■ Expressions related
to the situation
■ Jobs
■ Titles
■ Parenthood
expressions
■ Expressions for
introducing
■ Expressions for
leave taking
GRAMMAR
To be (bε)
(ye…ye) at the
present tense
Personal
pronouns
Interrogative
words: min? –
jon? - jumεn?
Transitive,
reflexive and
intransitive verbs at
the present tense
The
postposition la
◙ Ask, at least, three (3) types of
questions to find out the name and
the use of five (5) different objects
in a real situation.
different objects in his/her sector.
The possessive
adjective ka
The
possessive
pronoun ta
◙ Tell the use of, at least, five (5)
The emphatic
◙ Identify, at least, five (5)
■ Usual expressions
for identifying
■ Classic objects
■ Numbers
different objects in his/her
community.
personal pronoun
The emphatic
de
◙ Use three (3) expressions of
possession.
3
- Talking about
the family
◙ Cite six (6) family relationships
in his/her host family.
◙ Tell exactly the profession of
three (3) family members and
where they live.
◙ Tell the social status and the
■ Parenthood terms
■ Expressions such as
To have (fε)
How
to be alive, dead,
married, old, single,
etc.
much/many joli?
■ Currency
■ Items of the market,
Transitive,
age of, at least, three (3) family
members in the target language.
4
- Shopping
◙ Use efficiently the local money
in a Malian market.
◙ Buy two (2) or three (3) items in
a market or a shop.
in the shops
■ Bargaining
expressions
reflexive and
intransitive verbs at
the pass tense
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- Asking/Giving
directions
6
- Describe
a person, an object
and a place
◙ Locate, at least, two (2) places.
◙ Use, at least, three (3)
expressions to ask and give
directions.
■ Name of place
■ Terms of locating and
Imperative
■ Body parts
■ Adjectives describing
The ka
morally and physically
■ Colors
■ Expressions for
describing
Qualifying
■ Diseases
■ Expressions for
The Future
feelings, emotions and
desires
■ Expressions for
blessings
The
■ The name of the
The
periods of the day
■ Verbs linked to daily
activities
■ Expressions linked to
activities
Hypothetical
future with
◙ Name, at least, ten (10) parts of
human body.
◙ Describe a person by pointing
out, at least, five (5) physical and
five (5) moral traits.
◙ Describe, in five (5) correct
sentences, his/her training site.
◙ Describe an object by giving two
(2) or three (3) characteristics.
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- Describe one’s
mental and
physical state
- Talking about
daily activities
auxiliary
adjectives +
man suffix
The passive
voice with the
len/nen suffix
◙ Cite, at least, five (5) common
sicknesses in Mali.
◙ Ask, at least, one accurate
question to get information about
someone’s physical state.
◙ Formulate two (2) or three (3)
blessings to a sick person.
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The
giving direction
■ Cardinal points
■ Ordinal numbers
tense
Imperfect tense
◙ Cite, at least, four (4) daily
activities of a man and four of a
woman according to the different
periods of the day.
◙ Cite five (5) activities of his/her
own.
◙ Cite, at least, five (5) daily or
seasonal activities according to
the gender, and the age.
mana
The
Conditional
tense
◙ Tell his/her daily timetable to
his/her host family.
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- Talking about
traveling
◙ Cite the three (3) most used
transportation means in Mali.
◙ Ask three (3) appropriate
questions to get informed about
the means, the fare and the
schedule of transportation
regarding his/her trip, in a real
situation.
■ Means of
Verb
transportation
■ Travel expressions
■ Blessings expressions
expressing
habit (ka deli
ka) at the
present tense,
the past tense
and the
Imperfect
tense
■ Name of dishes,
The use of
kε
◙ Use three (3) appropriate
expressions to wish welcome or
safe trip to a traveler.
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- Talking about
meals
◙ Cite, at least, five (5) Malian
meals.
◙ Explain, at least, one recipe to
someone.
utensils, ingredients,
beverages
■ Meals expressions
◙ Enumerate four (4) behaviors
when eating in Mali and compare
them to the American ones.
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- Talking about
feasts and leisure
12
- Accept or decline
an invitation
◙ Cite three (3) religious and
three (3) traditional feasts in Mali.
◙ Name, at least, three (3) leisure
time activities in his/her
community and describe one of
them.
◙ Use, at least, three (3)
expressions to invite someone in
a real situation.
◙ Use appropriately three (3)
expressions to accept or decline
an invitation.
■ Name of religious and
The
traditional feasts
■ name of musical
instruments
■Leisure time places
passive voice
■ Expressions to invite
Verbs
someone
■ Expressions to accept
an invitation
■ Expression to decline
an invitation
expressing
desire and
obligation at
the present
tense, the past
tense and the
Imperfect
tense
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- Asking for help
14
- Talking about
weather
15
- Talking about
one’s skills
16
- Getting informed
■ Expressions and
◙ Use three (3) appropriate
expressions to ask for or decline
a proposal of help in a given
situation.
◙ Cite three (3) characteristics of
the main seasons in Mali.
◙ Cite, at least, two (2) activities
related to the seasons, according
to gender.
◙ Explain in detail his/her work to
another person.
◙ Explain in detail one specific
activity related to his/her
technical sector.
◙ Ask, appropriately, questions to
get informed about his/her site.
◙ Interview resource persons in
about one’s area
order to list NGOs and
development partners working in
his/her commune.
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◙ Use expressions to ask for the
- Leading a
community meeting
audience’s patience during a real
meeting.
◙ Introduce (open) or to end
(close) a meeting in his/her
community.
◙ Ask questions to get people’s
words for soliciting,
proposing, accepting or
politely declining help
■ Expressions for giving
instructions to an
employee
■ Name of seasons,
months
■ Characteristics of each
season
■ Activities during each
season
■ crafts
■ Professions
■ Terms of describing
Review of
the tenses
Review of
the tenses
The action
nouns
The
skills
agentive
nouns
■ The ethnic groups
■ Social ceremonies
■ Customs, taboos,
The
comparatives
habits
■ Expressions for
The
opening or closing a
meeting
■ Terms related to
opinions
demonstrative
adjective nin
The
relative
pronoun min
opinions on the subjects in a real
situation.
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The suffix
lan
1
- Grammatical
Notes
◙ Use proper prefixes et
suffixes to form new words and
expressions.
■ Words and expressions
linked to grammatical
notes
The suffix
ntan
The suffix ta
The suffix
bali
The suffix ka
The prefix la
2
- Translations
Use of
◙ Use the items alone.
■ Dialogs
■ Texts
◙ Introductory beginners
■ Expressions found
Use of stories
through stories and
legends from bambara
country
and proverbs in
training activities
proverbs in daily
communication
3
- Stories
course into culture by stories
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Communicative Task: FOLI - MǤGǤ Ȃε JIRA MǤGǤ WεRε LA –
FOLI BILA
GREETING – INTRODUCING ONESELF – SAYING GOODBYE
Objectives :
1. Each trainee will be able to greet alone in appropriate ways according to the
different moments of the day, in the community.
2. Without his/her notes, each trainee will be able to tell with precision his/her
first name, his family name and where he/she comes from.
3. Each trainee will be able to use at least three (3) expressions to say goodbye
in a real situation.
4. Each trainee will be able to use, at least, three (3) types of questions to know
the name of some objects in a real situation.
Guess what are they saying?
Amadu: _______________________
Sali: __________________________
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Cultural Notes:
1. Greeting is very important in Mali. The one(s) who arrive(s) initiate(s) the
greeting.
2. Never greet people in the morning before washing the face.
3. The family name is very significant because it allows you to identify the joking
cousins, the ethnic group and the origin of the identified person.
4. Always announce where you are going and when you will probably be back.
5. The host should always accompany the visitor to the gate.
THE IMPORTANCE OF GREETINGS
a)In Africa, greetings and salutations are extremely important to people. For the
American, who is used to saying nothing more than “ hi ” and then moving on, this may be
hard to get used to.The Bambara people and their language presente no exception to this
generalization. The exchanges presented to you in this and the following lessons represent
only a beginning upon which you can build up your inventory of salutations and eventually
perfect the art of greeting in the Bambara world. When two good friends meet, the greetings
may last as long as five minutes, and even longer if they haven’t seen each other for a long
time. Greetings are a way of showing the respect that people have for each other. Greetings
always involve at least one handshake and usually involve a series of handshakings of varying
durations. You will often see the men putting their hands to their chests after each handshake part of showing respect. The greetings should always be begun with a handshake, and
leavetaking will also require one handshake.
When you pass people that you know in the street, it is best to stop and go through at
least a short greeting exchange with them. Whatever your dealings may be with various
Malian people, it is important to start off your conversation or your business with the
greetings. You should never be in so much of a hurry that you don’t have time to greet
someone - it doesn’t pay.
In a typical greeting dialogue, one person usually starts out and remains the initiator for
several exchanges while the other person responds to the various greetings and questions.
When that series is completed, then the roles switch and the initiator becomes the answerer for
several exchanges.
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b)-
TIMES OF DAY
For greetings and for referring to the times of the day, the Bambara language makes
four different divisions of the day:
1234-
the morning ( sǤgǤma ),
the heat of the day - around noon ( tile ),
the afternoon ( wula ) and
the evening and night ( su ).
There is a greeting for each of these divisions of the day. The greeting i ni sǤgǤma
would be literally translated as meaning “ you and the morning “, but really corresponds with
the English “ Good morning “and the French “bonjour “.
c)GREETING PATTERNS
The following diagrams are designed to represent the various possibilities for use of the
basic greeting patterns presented in this lesson. Only one item is to be selected at a time from
boxes containing several listed items. Use these to check out the different possibilities and to
make up new ones. The order of the diagrams represents an acceptable ordering of the
greetings.
Greetings
i
aw
(name)
ni
i
ka
sǤgǤma
tile
wula
su
kεnε (wa) ?
somǤgǤw
i cε /muso
i
bε
di?
Responses
nba (male)
nse (female)
tǤǤrǤ (si)
n
hεrε
tε
t’
t’
bε
n
na
u
la
a
la
hεrε la
dǤrǤn
The words nba and nse are used extensively in response to various greetings.
Trying to translate them is useless, since we don’t have their equivalents in English. Essentially
they are signs of acknowledgement indicating acceptance of the greeting and recognition of
the other person. Nba is the male response and nse is the female response.
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I-
DIALOG
Amadu:
I ni sǤgǤma, n balimamuso!
Sali:
Nse i ni sǤgǤma, n balimakε! Hεrε sira?
Amadu:
Sali:
Hεrε dǤrǤn! I ka kεnε?
TǤǤrǤ tε! I tǤgǤ?
Amadu:
N tǤgǤ Amadu Jara. E dun?
Sali:
N tǤgǤ Sali Tarawele. I Jara!
Amadu:
Nba! Tarawele muso, i bε bǤ min?
Sali:
N bε bǤ Segu. Jarakε, i fana bε bǤ Segu?
Amadu:
Eh, ayi! N bε bǤ yan.
Sali:
O ka Ȃi! Ala ka tile hεrε caya!
Amadu:
Amiina! K’an b’u fo!
Sali:
U n’a mεn!
Safety and Security Notes:
1. Greeting facilitates the integration and guarantees respect, personal and
material security in the community.
2. The joking cousin plays the role of an icebreaker and a social stabilizer
between Malian communities.
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IIII-
VOCABULARY
i ka kεnε?
baasi tε
tana tε?
x ka kεnε
tǤǤrǤ t'u la
x bε di?
a bε ten
hεrε dǤrǤn
hεrε tilenna?
x dun?
how are you?
I'm fine
are you fine?
x is healthy (fine)
they're fine
how are x?
it's so so
peace only (fine)
how was your day?
and x? (what about x)?
tǤǤrǤ tε
I'm fine
tǤǤrǤ si tε
no problem at all
tana tε
I'm fine
tǤǤrǤ t'a la
he/she's fine
i bε di?
how are you?
a bε di?
how is it?
hεrε bε?
is there peace? (How are you?)
hεrε sira?
how was your night?
jamu duman?
what's your last name?
i + family name
acknowledging your
family name (a form of greeting)
tǤgǤ
bangebaaw
ba
dǤgǤ
muso
tericε
kalanden
kuntigi
jamana
dugu
Ameriki
ka bǤ
x filε
jumεn?
jon don?
nin ye x ye
name
parents
mother
younger sibling
wife/woman
male friend
student
chief
country
city
America ( U S A )
to come from
here’s x
which?, what?
who is it?
this is x
jamu
last name
fa
father
kǤrǤ
older sibling
cε
husband/man
teri
friend
terimuso
female friend
karamǤgǤ
teacher
ȂεmǤgǤ
leader
jamanatigi
president
dugutigi
chief of village
Farafinna
Africa
x sigilen don + place x is settled in... ( live )
min?
where?
jon?
who?
x don
it’s x
lakǤli
kalanso
dumunikεyǤrǤ
ka taa
ka sunǤgǤ
ka x mεn
ka x kun bεn
k'i lafiȂε
k'i ko
k'i yaala
school
classroom
restaurant, eating place.
to go
to sleep
to hear x
to meet x
to rest
to wash oneself.
to take a walk
butigi
dǤkǤtǤrǤso
ka na
ka x fo
ka wuli
ka x caya
k'i da
k'i miiri
k'i sigi
k'i Ȃεnajε
shop
hospital
to come
to greet x
to get up
to increase x
to lay down
to think
to sit down
to have fun.
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COMMON EXPRESSIONS
To take leave of someone at different moments of the day: usually there is a leave taking
expression followed by the answer.
sunǤgǤ bε n na
n taara
k'an b'u fo
k'an b'a fo
I am sleepy.
I am leaving
Say we greet them
tell them hello
Say we greet him/her
n sεgεnnen don
kelen!
u n'a mεn
I am tired.
already
they will hear it
a n'a mεn
She/he will hear it.
DUGAW
k'an sǤǤni
See you soon
ka su hεrε (caya)
k'an bεn
good night.
see you.
Blessings
Ala ka tile hεrε caya May god increase the
peace of the day (Have a nice day)
ka dugu Ȃuman jε good night.
k'an si (hεrε la)
May we spend the night in
peace (Good night)
ka taa ni ka segin nǤgǤya Have a nice trip
k'an kelen kelen wuli May we get up one
by one (Good night)
ka segin n'i Ȃuman ye May you come back safe.amiina
Amen.
SOME TIME EXPRESSIONS
sǤgǤma/sǤgǤmada fε In the morning
3 pm)
wula fε
In the afternoon
sǤǤni
Soon
sinin
Tomorrow
tile fε/tilegan fε
In the afternoon (12: am _
sufε
kǤfε
In the evening
Later
SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY
hakεto
basi tε
n m’a faamu
segin a kan
please
no problem
I did not understand it
repeat it
hakε t’i la
i ko di?
n m’a mεn
a fǤ tuguni
you are excused
what did you say?
I did not hear it
say it again
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IIIIII-
GRAMMAR
THE PRESENT TENSE:
a)- Translations for “ to be “
As will become apparent to you, there are a number of forms in Bambara that translate
the English verb “ to be. “ In this lesson we have been briefly exposed to two of these.
1- bε in the sentence hεrε bε: “ There is happiness.“
tε in the sentence tǤǤrǤ tε: “ There is no trouble. “
This form is used to express existence, location, and state. The negative of this form is
indicated by the word tε, as in the second example above. In example 2-, this form is used for
expressing existence. In the following two examples from this lesson, the same form is
essentially used for location.
2- ka in the question: i ka kεnε (wa)? “ How are you? “
This form is used for what we will refer to as adjectives.
Literally translated, the question corresponds to “ are you healthy? “ or “ are you well?
“ in English, but it is used like the English “ How are you? “ or the French. Remember that ka
is the sign of this form and that kεnε meaning “ healthy “ is an adjective.
Adjectives will be more closely examined in Communicative Task: Describing a person,
an object, a place.
3- To describe somebody or something in order to translate the English to be, the ye ... ye
is used.
e.g:
N.B.:
John ye kalanden ye.
John is a student.
New-York ye ameriki dugu ye.
N.Y. is an American city.
Mali ye jamana ye.
Mali is a country.
a- The descriptive adjective is placed between the two ye.
b- The negative form is constructed as follow:
tε ... ye
e.g:
John tε karamǤgǤ ye.
John isn’t a teacher.
Los Angeles tε jamana ye.
L.A. isn’t a country.
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b)- The transitive verbs:
I bε mun kalan?
e.g:
What do you study?
N bε Bamanankan kalan.
I study Bambara.
NB: ● bε/tε is the auxiliary element for the present in Bambara.
● In Bambara, the direct object occurs before the verb.
ka __ kalan
e.g.:
ka __ dun
ka __ sεbεn
ka __ tobi
ka __ fǤ
ka __ wele
Affirmative form:
Negative form:
Subj + bε + Direct Object + V
Subj + tε + Direct Object + V
N bε Bamanankan kalan.
N tε Bamanankan mεn kǤsεbε.
I study Bambara
I don’t speak Bambara very well.
ka __ fo
Interrogative form:
Subj + bε + Direct Object + V (wa)?
Subj + tε + Direct Object + V (wa)?
I bε Tubabukan mεn wa?
Aw tε bamanankan fǤ?
Do you (hear)/undertand/speak French?
You don’t speak Bambara?
c)- The reflexive verbs:
NB: ● Reflexive verbs or pronominal verbs always have an object pronoun that refers to the same person as the
subject. The object pronoun occurs before the verb.
e.g:
N bε n ko.
I wash myself
● But in Bambara, the third person object noun can be i in reflexive constructions.
e.g:
e.g.:
A bε a sigi = A b’i sigi.
He sits down.
KaramǤgǤ t’i sigi kalanso kǤnǤ.
The teacher doesn’t sit down in the classroom.
k’i ko
k’i da
k’i sigi
k’i lafiȂε
k’i yaala
k’i Ȃεnajε
Affirmative form:
Negative form:
Suj + bε + Pron + V
Suj + tε + Pron + V
N bε n ko sǤgǤma ni sufε.
N tε n da joona sufε.
Interrogative form:
Suj + bε + Pron + V (wa)?
Suj + tε + Pron + V (wa)?
I b'i ko sǤgǤma ni wula fε (wa)?
Aw t’aw da joona sufε?
NB: ● The reflexive pronoun always immediately precedes the reflexive verb in the infinitive:
N bε taa n yaala.
I am going to take a walk.
Aw bε taa aw Ȃεnajε.
You are going to amuse yourself.
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d)- The intransitive verbs:
e.g:
I bε bǤ min?
Where are you from?
N bε bǤ Ameriki.
I come from Amerika.
I bε taa min?
Where are you going?
N bε taa sugu la.
I am going to the market.
NB: ● In Bambara, the indirect object (object + postposition) occurs after the verb.
e.g. :
ka bǤ
ka taa
ka segin
ka kuma
Affirmative form:
ka sunǤgǤ
ka wuli
ka yaala
Negative form:
Suj + bε + V + indirect Obj + postp
Suj + tε + V + indirect Obj +postp
Sali bε taa sugu la.
Sali tε segin joona so.
Interrogative form:
Suj + bε + V + indirect Obj + postp (wa)? Suj + tε + V + indirect Obj +postp (wa)?
Amadu bε kuma kalandenw fε wa?
I ba tε taa sugu la don go don?
e)- The verb kε
The verb kε has many meanings: to do, cause, happen, occur.
Here, it was used as a transitive verb, meaning “do”.
e.g:
ka kalan kε (ka kalankε)
ka baara kε (ka baarakε)
to do studying (to study)
to do work (to work)
NB: ● In the above two examples kalan is a noun meaning “studying” and baara is a noun meaning “work”.
Both are direct objects of the verb kε.
Affirmative form:
Negative form:
Suj + bε + Vkε + Obj + postp
Suj + tε + Vkε + Obj +postp
N bε baarakε kǤridelapε la
U tε sεnεkε don go don.
Interrogative form:
Suj + bε + Vkε + Obj + postp (wa)?
Suj + tε + Vkε + Obj +postp (wa)?
A bε barokε a somǤgǤw fε su o su wa?
I tε sεbεnnikε kalanso kǤnǤ?
f)- The verb ko
e.g:
I ko mun?
N ko, n bε taa so.
What do you say?
I say, I am going home.
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The verb ko that appaeared once in these sentences means “to say”. It is a defective
verb (one wich does not have all tenses) very frequently used in Bambara. It does not take any
auxiliary elements in Present tense.
g)- The postposition “la”
La is a preposition used for a place. It comes always after the place in the
sentence.
Therefore, it is called a postposition.
e.g:
S + bε + Verb + Place + la
N
bε
taa
lakǤli la.
A bε kalankε University la.
La become na in front of nasal sounds.
e.g:
An bï taa Ȃεgεn na.
e.g:
La is not used in front of so (specific place)
N bε taa so.
La is not used with geographical names (except for Mali).
e.g:
An bε bǤ Ameriki.
U tε taa Bamako.
A bε bǤ New-York.
But:
U bε na Mali la.
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IVIV-
EXERCISES
1- Write the possible answers:
________________
I ni sǤgǤma
I ka kεnε?
___________ /__________ /___________
I bε di?
__________ /__________ /____________
Hεrε bε?
________________ /_________________
SomǤgǤw bε di?
________________ /_________________
I fa n'i ba bε di?
________________ /_________________
Hεrε sira?
________________
2- Create a conversation between Amadu and Bakari.
Amadu: _________
Bakari: __________
Amadu: _________
Bakari: __________
Amadu: _________
Bakari: __________
Amadu: _________
Bakari: __________
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3- Match the words in A with those in B.
A
TDA
1- n bε taa
a-
amen
2- lakǤli
b-
see you
3- k'an b'u fo
c-
they will hear it
4- amiina
d-
I leave
5- u n'a mεn
e-
have a nice day
6- ka tile hεrε caya
f-
school
7- k'an sǤǤni
g-
see you soon
8- k'an bεn
h-
tell them hello
1•
•
•
•
Greet at least two (2) to three (3) persons on your way:
Obseve the acts and gestures;
Get informed on their identity and where they are from;
Use at least three (3) expressions to take a leave in this real situation;
Note down the new expressions.
2•
•
•
With a family member’s help:
Identify at least 5 objects of your choice in the court yard;
Identify at least 5 objects in your room;
Identify at least 5 objects in the kitchen.
SELF EVALUATION
•
•
•
•
B
I can:
Greet in an appropriate way according to the moment and situation: YES: ___ NOT YET ___
Introduce myself: YES___ NOT YET ___
Introduce someone: YES ___ NOT YET ___
Say goodbye in a real situation: YES ___ NOT YET___
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Communicative Task: FεNW TǤGǤ ȂININKALI
ASKING THE WORD FOR SOMETHING
Objectives:
1. Without his/her notes, each trainee will be able to ask, at least, three (3) types
of questions to find out the name and the use of five (5) different objects in a
real situation.
2. Without his/her notes, each trainee will be able to identify, at least, five (5)
different objects in his/her sector.
3. Without his/her notes, each trainee will be able to tell the use of, at least, five
(5) different objects in his/her community.
4. Without his/her notes, each trainee will be able to use three (3) expressions of
possession.
Cultural Notes:
1. Always greet people before asking them.
2. It is not advised to name intimate body parts.
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I-
VOCABULARY
kalanso
classroom
kulisi
shorts
saki (bǤrǤ)
bag
lakεrε
chalk
so
house
palan (shiyo)
bucket
biki
pen
furalan
broom
dilan (dalan)
bed
gafe (liburu/kitabu)book
dara
bed sheet
sange (sanke)
mosquito net
kεsu
trunk
te (dute)
tea
butiki
shop
alimεti
matches
samara
shoes
fifalan
fan
ka furannikε
to sweep
ka x fifa
to fan x
ka x don
to wear x
ka x ta
to take x
ka x don y kǤnǤ/la to put x(solid) in y
ka x sεbεn
to write x
ka x faga
to put off (light)
ka x (da) yεlε
to open x
to ask x
ka x Ȃininka
ka x ȂεfǤ
to explain x
k’i biri ni x ye
to cover oneself with x
duloki
shirt
tabulo
chalkboard
segi
basket
kerosene
taji (pitǤrǤli)
sεsi (sigilan)
chair
tǤrǤsi
flash light
dεbεn
mat
kaye
copy book
birifini
blanket
li
bed
kiriyon
pencil
pili
battery
safinε
soap
sukaro
sugar
finfin (saribon)
charcoal
fini
cloth
salidaga
kettle
lanpan
kerosene lamp
ka x furan
to sweep x
ka x ko
to wash
ka x mεnε/ka x tugu to light
to put x(liquid) in y
ka x kε y kǤnǤ/la
ka x siri
to tie x/to fasten x
k’i fifa
to fan one self
ka x tigε
to cut x
ka x (da) tugu
to close x / to shut x
ka x jaabi
to answer x
ka x lajε
to look at x/to watch x
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COMMON EXPRESSIONS
a tǤgǤ?
nin tǤgǤ?
nin bε fǤ cogodi bamanankan na?
nin kǤrǤ?
nin bε wele cogodi?
n m’a faamu
a fǤ tuguni
segin a kan
i ko di?/i ko mun?/i ye mun fǤ?
n m’a mεn
i y’a mεn wa?
i y’a faamu?
x don
x tε
nin lajε
mun don?
jǤn don?
nin ye mun ye?
nin ye jǤn ye?
nin ye x ye
nin tε x ye
fεn jumεn?
a fǤ dǤǤni dǤǤni
a fǤ ka pεrεn
Ȃininkali bε n fε
what is its name?
what is the name of this?
how do you say this in bambara?
what is the meaning of this?
how do you call this?
I didn’t undersdand it
say it again.
repeat it ( again )
what did you say?
I didn’t hear it
did you hear it?
did you understand it?
it is x
it is not x
look at this/watch this
what is it?
who is it?
what is that?
who is this?
this is x / that is x
this is not x
what (thing)?
say it slowly
say it loudly
I have a question
SectorNotes:
Knowing the names of your sector tools and items makes your work easier.
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IIII-
GRAMMAR
The possessive case:
The possessive adjective: The only Bambara word “ ka “ translates the possessive
adjectives my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their in English.
e.g:
iS +
ka + obj.
N
ka
Subj ‘s
obj.
saki
my bag.
John ka
so
John‘s house
U
kalanso
Their classroom
ka
iiS + ka + obj. + don It’s Subj.’s obj.
N ka duloki don
It’s my shirt.
A ka sigilan don
It’s his chair.
iiiNin ye + S + ka + Obj. ye This is Subj.’s Obj
Nin ye jǤn ka saki ye?
Whose bag is this?
Nin ye n ka saki ye.
This is my bag.
N.B.:
“ Ka “ never varies. It is the possessed object which takes the plural form.
e.g:
A ka sigilanw
An ka sakiw
N.B.:
We don’t use “ Ka “ with the family or intimate relations and the parts of the body.
e.g:
N fa don
It’s my father.
Nin ye n ba ye.
This / that is my mother.
A tericε don.
It’s his/her friend.
I da
Your mouth.
His chairs.
Our bags.
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The possessive pronoun “ ta “
The word “ ta “ replaces the object possessed. It translates the English words: mine,
yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs according to the subject.
e.g:
e.g:
iSubj. + ta + don
Subj. + ta + tε
It is Subj.’s
It is not Subj.’s
N ka saki don.
It is my bag.
N ta don
It is mine.
Aw ta tε.
It’s not yours.
iiNin + ye + Subj.+ta + ye
Nin + tε + Subj.+ta + ye
This is Subj.’s
This is not Subj.’s
Nin ye n ka samara ye.
Nin ye n ta ye
This is my shoe.
This is mine.
Nin tε John ka samara ye.
Nin tε John ta ye.
This is not John’s shoe.
This is not John’s.
N.B.:
“ta “ always replaces an object possessed which we mentioned before.
When objects possessed are many, “ ta “ becomes “ taw “ ( plural form. ).
e.g:
John ka bikiw don.
A taw don.
The emphatic personal pronouns
Simple pronouns
n
i
a
an
aw
u
Emphatics
ne
I
me
e
you
ale
he, him; she,her; it
anw we
us
aw
you
olu
they them
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The emphatic “ de “
It is used when we want to insist on the situation. It always goes with the emphatic
pronouns.
e.g:
JǤn ka biki don?
Whose pen is it?
Ne de ka biki don.
It is my pen.
Ne de ta don.
It is mine.
N.B.:
The emphatic pronouns can be subjects too whenever we put an emphasis on a factor or situation.
e.g:
Ne de bε bǤ Ameriki.
It’s me who comes from USA.
Ale de bε taa Bamako.
It’s him who goes to Bamako.
Using the structure:
Subj. + bε + Obj. + V + ni + x + ye
e.g:
N.B.:
Subj. + V + with the Obj.
N bε so furan ni furalan ye.
I sweep the house with the broom.
A bε ji ta ni shiyo ye.
He/she takes water with the bucket.
This structure can be used only with the objects we can take easily with our hands work with.
The above structure is used to answer to the question below
Subj. + bε + mun + kε + ni + x + ye?
e.g:
What does Subj. do with x?
I bε mun kε ni alimεti ye?
What do you do with the matches?
N bε lanpan mεnε ni alimεti ye.
I light the kerosene lamp with the matches.
But when the object is not taken to work with the question is:
Subj. + bε + mun + kε + Obj. + la/na?
e.g:
I bε mun kε taji la?
What do you do with the kerosene?
N bε taji kε lanpan kǤnǤ.
I put the kerosene in the kerosene lamp.
Safety and Security Notes:
When in trouble, knowing the names of things may be helpful.
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IIIIII-
EXERCISES
•
Translate the following sentences in Bambara:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
No it is not his.
It is ours.
No they are mines.
It is mine.
It’s me who comes from USA.
It’s him who goes to Bamako.
•
Ask your brother or sister the name of things you want to know.
•
•
•
With a family member’s help:
Identify at least five (5) objects of your choice in the court yard;
Identify at least five (5) objects in your room;
Identify at least five (5) objects in the kitchen.
TDA
SELF EVALUATION
•
•
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
I can:
Formulate questions to find out the name and the use of different objects in a real
situation.: YES __ NOT YET __
Give the name of certain current objects: YES __ NOT YET __
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Communicative Task: DENBAYA/SOMǤGǤW
TALKING ABOUT THE FAMILY
Objectives:
1. Without help, each trainee will be able to cite six (6) family relationships in
his/her host family.
2. Without his/her notes, each trainee will be able to tell exactly the profession
of three (3) family members and where they live.
3. Without help, each trainee will be able to tell the social status and the age of,
at least, three (3) family members in the target language.
Amadu ka denbaya filε.
A muso tǤgǤ Assa
A denw tǤgǤ Fanta, Madu, Awa ani Seku.
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Cultural Notes:
1. In Mali, when we talk about family, we refer to the extended one.
2. Cousins are considered as siblings and there is a joking relationship
between them as well as between sisters-in-law and brothers-in-law, or
grand parents and grand children.
3. Parents can beat their children, just to discipline them; also some
husbands beat their wives.
I-
VOCABULARY
FAMILY MEMBERS
bangebaa/mansa
ba
muso
dencε/denkε
balima
balimamuso
kǤrǤcε/kǤrǤkε
dǤgǤ
dǤgǤmuso
mǤmuso
bεnkε
parent
mother
woman/wife
son
sibling
sister
older brother
younger
younger sister
grandmother
uncle
fa
cε
den
denmuso
balimakε
kǤrǤ
kǤrǤmuso
dǤgǤcε/dǤgǤkε
mǤkε
mǤden
tεnεmuso
father
man/husband
child
daughter
brother
elder
older sister
younger brother
grandfather
grandchild
aunt
SOME EXPRESSIONS
x sigilen don + place/x sigilen bε + place
n tε n bangebaaw bara
x balolen don
x balolen tε
x sara/x bana
x furulen don
x furulen tε
x furu salen don
x ye cεganan ye
x ye musoganan ye
x kǤrǤlen don
x san ye + number ye/x ye san + number
x is settled + place
I don’t live at my parent’s
x is alive
x isn’t alive
x is dead
x is married
x isn’t married
x is divorced
x is a bachelor/single
x is single
x is old
x is number year old
Safety and Security Notes:
1. The concept of privacy is restricted in Malian families.
2. Belongings are considered as common. (Beware: take care of your
stuff)
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IIII-
GRAMMAR
Possessive “ Fε “
i- Possessive “have“ in English is commonly expressed in Bambara by what we call
a locative construction. These constructions do not contain verbs. They consist of a noun (or
noun phrase) followed by the auxiliary bε or tε, fε followed by a postpositional phrase (a
noun or noun phrase followed by a postposition). A postposition is much like a preposition
with the exception that it follows its object rather than preceding it.
Locative construction:
Noun + Aux. + Noun + Post.
ii- The most common postposition for expressing possession is Fε, which translates
very roughly into English as "with". But here it means have. e.g.:
a)-
Affirmative form:
Object + bε + Subject + fε
Biki
bε
n
fε.
Subject have the Object
I have a pen.
b)- Negative form:
Object + tε +Subject + fε
Den
tε
n
fε.
c)-
Subject have not the Object
I have not a child.
Interrogative form:
Object + bε +Subject + fε (wa) ?
Den
bε
i
fε?
Do you have a child?
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IIIIII-
EXERCISES
• Answer the following questions in full sentences.
1- Balima joli b’i fε? ____________________________________________________________
2- Den joli b’i bangebaw fε? _____________________________________________________
3- I balimaw bε min? ___________________________________________________________
4- I balima jumεn sigilen b'i bangebaw bara? ______________________________________
5- I bangebaw bε mun baarakε? _________________________________________________
6- JǤn ye kalanden ye ekǤliba la aw ka so? ________________________________________
7- JǤn bε sokǤnǤbaara kε aw ka so? ______________________________________________
8- I balimaw ye san joli ye? ____________________________________________________
9- I n’i mǤkε ani i mǤmuso sigilen bε dugu kelen kǤnǤ wa? _________________________
• Translate into Bambara.
1- My sister has a daughter. ____________________________________________________
2- They have too many children. _______________________________________________
3- My brother is not yet married. _______________________________________________
3- His father is a teacher. _____________________________________________________
5- My mother works at the hospital. ____________________________________________
6- Their sisters live in England. ________________________________________________
7- She has ten brothers and five sisters. _________________________________________
8- We have good trainers. _____________________________________________________
9- You’re my brother. _________________________________________________________
10- My aunt is divorced. _______________________________________________________
•
Get the family tree of your host family by asking a member. You may have to report
to the class.
TDA 1- Get informed the identity and profession of some of your host family members.
2- Draw your host family tree.
SELF EVALUATION
•
I can:
Describe my family: YES___ NOT YET___
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Communicative Task: SANNI
SHOPPING
Objectives:
1. Each trainee will be able to use efficiently the local money in a Malian market
without his/her notes.
2. Without his/her notes or any other help, each trainee will be able to buy two
(2) or three (3) items in a market or a shop.
Mun ni mun bε sǤrǤ nin sugu la?
Cultural Notes:
1. In Mali, prices are not fixed in the markets, so, bargaining is practiced.
2. People get informed about prices before going to the market.
3. Sellers are often aggressive in marketing their goods.
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I-
DIALOG
DIALOG
Samba:
Kiliyan! Kiliyan! Na yan! Bagi Ȃumanw bε yan!
Amadu:
I ni sǤgǤma! N bε bagi Ȃumanw fε, nka da duman!
Samba:
Ola, i sera a yǤrǤ la. Ne ka bagiw bεε da ka nǤgǤn. U lajε.
Amadu:
Nin mεtiri ye joli ye?
Samba:
N b’o da diya i la! O mεtiri ye kεmε saba ni bi duuru ye.
KǤmi e don, barika b’a la
Amadu:
Ayiwa! A barika, caman bǤ a la.
Samba:
A ka Ȃi forokiya la. I b’a san joli?
Amadu:
A to kεmε fila la. N bε mεtiri wǤǤrǤ san.
Samba:
A kari kari ye kεmε saba ye. Nka, i bε se ka kεmε fila ni bi duuru sara.
Amadu:
I ni ce! Mεtiri wǤǤrǤ ye wa fila ni dǤrǤmε kεmε ye. HǤn! warimisεn segin.
Samba:
Fini ni warimisεn filε. I kεnε k’a kǤrǤ!
Amadu:
Amiina! Ka sugu diya!
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IIII-
VOCABULARY
MONEY SYSTEM:
In malian monetary system the unity is dǤrǤmε kelen. It equals five francs.
e.g:
dǤrǤmε kelen
(dǤrǤmε) duuru
(dǤrǤmε) mugan
(dǤrǤmε) kεmε
(dǤrǤmε) kεmε duuru
(dǤrǤmε) waa fila
5F =
25F =
100F =
500F =
2500F =
10.000F =
dǤrǤmε fila
(dǤrǤmε) tan
(dǤrǤmε) biduuru
(dǤrǤmε) kεmε fila
(dǤrǤmε) waa kelen
10F =
50F =
250F =
1000F =
5000F =
butigi
the shop
butigitigi
the shop keeper
sugu
the market
feerekεla
the seller
sannikεla
the buyer
wari
money
warimisεn
change/coins
sǤngǤ/da
price
sanni
shopping
feere
selling
falen
change
tεrεmεli
bargaining
BUTIGI KǤNǤFεNW (THINGS IN THE SHOP)
safinε
kafe
soap
coffee
safinε mugu
alimεti
soap powder
matches
tulu
te
shokola
buru kala (kelen)
sukaro
kaye
bǤnbǤn
nǤnǤ
nǤnǤ jiman
oil
tea
chocolate
loaf of bread
sugar
note book
candy
milk
sigεrεti
buru
pili
lεtiriforoko
pati
bǤrǤsi
biki
nǤnǤ mugu
cigarette
bread
battery
envelop
tooth paste
tooth brosh
pen
milk powder
concentrated milk
shεfan
eggs
SUGULAFεNW ( THINGS IN THE MARKET)
yiriden
lenburuba
mangoro
fruit
orange
mango
manje
papaya
lenburukumun
namasa
jabibi
lemon
banana
pine apple
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NAFεNW (INGREDIENTS)
sogo
jaba
tigadεgε
meat
onion
peanut butter
jεgε
lenburuba
tamati
fish
orange
tomato
namasa
foronto
ngǤyǤ
banana
pepper
egg plant
shu
ngan
layi
cabbage
ocra
garlic
fini
sanbara/samara
kulusi
cloth
shoes
pants
OTHER THINGS
bagi
tafe
duloki
mǤnturu
material
pagne
a shirt
a watch
HAKεW (MEASURES)
sara
litiri tilancε
pile (tiga sara/a pile of peanut ) litiri
a half of litre
pake
a liter
a pack
SOME EXPRESSIONS FOR BARGAINING
ayiwa
ka x san
o.k.
to buy x
hǤn
ka x feere
take it
to sell x
ka x falen
to make change
ka x segin
to give back x
x ye joli ye?
how much is x
x + bε + place (la) x is at place
a barika
reduce or increase it
a di yan x (la)
give it to me at ... price
i kari kari ye joli ye? what is your last price?
x da/sǤngǤ ka nǤgǤn /ka di/man gεlεn
ka x tεrεmε
to bargain
x bana
x is finished
x da/sǤngǤ ka gεlεn x is expensive
dǤ bǤ a la
reduce it
a san x (la)
buy it at ...price
wariko don
I have no money
o t'a sǤrǤ
you can't have it at this price
x is cheap
x + bε + Pers + bolo/x + bε Pers + fε
objet + bε sǤrǤ place (la)
to have
object is found at place
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Safety and Security Notes:
1. Take care of your handbags and pay attention to people who get too close
to you in the market.
2. “Don’t put all your eggs in one basket”. Avoid exposing a lot money and
check your change after buying.
3. Don’t accept any help except you know the person.
Personal health Notes:
Avoid buying unprotected market food and drink because of sanitation
conditions.
IIIIII-
GRAMMAR
THE PAST DEFINITE
The past in bambara is grouped into categories: Regular verbs and irregular Verbs.
All verbs requiring an object, all verbs ending by kε and all reflexive verbs are regular.
In transitive constructions the past is indicated by the auxiliary ye.
In the negative, the past is formed in the same way for both transitive and intrasitive
constructions: the auxiliary is ma in regular auxiliary position.
Here are their structures:
1- Regular Verbs
Transitive Constructions:
•
Ex:
Don go don sǤgǤma, n bε kafe min. (Present tense)
•
Ex:
Bi sǤgǤma, n ye mǤni min. (Past definite)
•
Ex:
Kunun, n taara sugu la.
i)
Affirmative form:
Negative form:
Subj + yε + Obj + V
Subj + ma + Obj + V
Bi sǤgǤma, n ye safinε san butigi la.
This morning I bought soap in the shop.
Bi sǤgǤma, n ma safinε san butigi la.
This morning I didn't buy soap in the shop
Interrogative form:
Subj + yε + Obj + V (wa)?
Subj + ma + Obj + V (wa)?
Bi sǤgǤma, i ba ye ji kalaya joona wa?
Did your mom heat water earlier this morning?
SurǤ i ma dute min wa?
Didn’t you drink tea last night?
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ii)
Negative form:
Affirmative form:
Subj + ye+ Vkε + Obj + postp
Subj + ma+ Vkε + Obj +postp
A ye baarakε kǤridelapε la
U ma sεnεkε foro la.
Interrogative form:
Subj + ye + Vkε + Obj + postp (wa)?
Subj + ma + Vkε + Obj +postp (wa)?
I ye barokε i somǤgǤw fε surǤ wa?
I ma sεbεnnikε kalanso kǤnǤ?
iii)
Negative form:
Affirmative form:
Subj + ye + Pron + V
Subj + ma + Pron + V
N ye n ko bi sǤgǤma.
N ma n da joona surǤ.
I washed myself this morning
I did not lie down early last night.
Interrogative form:
Subj + ye + Pron + V (wa)?
Subj + ma + Pron + V (wa)?
I y'i ko bi sǤgǤma (wa)?
Aw m’aw da joona surǤ?
2- Irregular Verbs
Intransitive Constructions:
In intransitive constructions the auxiliary is the suffix ra or na or la attached to the verb.
a) Suffix Ra
ra is the basic form
Affirmative form:
Negative form:
Subj + Vra + Compl + postp
Subj + ma +V + Compl + postp
Kunun, n taara sugu la
Aw ma taa sugu la kunun.
Yesterday I went to the market.
Yesterday I didn't go to the market.
Interrogative form:
Subj + Vra + Compl + postp (wa)?
Subj + ma +V + Compl + postp (wa)?
Aw sunǤgǤra joona surǤ?
Did you sleep early last night?
Aw ma sunǤgǤ joona surǤ?
Didn’t you sleep early last night?
b)- Suffix Na
na: after nasal consonants
Affirmative form:
Negative form:
Subj + Vna + Compl + postp
Subj + ma +V + Compl + postp
An kununna joona
Aw ma kuma u fε.
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Interrogative form:
Subj + Vna + Compl + postp (wa)?
Subj + ma +V + Compl + postp (wa)?
Aw kumana u fε wa?
Aw ma kuma u fε?
Did you talk to them?
Didn’t you talk to them?
c)- Suffix La
la: if the consonant immediately preceding is an l
Affirmative form:
Negative form:
Subj + Vla + Compl + postp
Subj + ma +V + Compl + postp
Kunun wula fε an bolila dugu sira kεrεfε.
Aw ma boli bi sǤgǤma.
You did not run this morning.
Yesterday afternoon we ran by the road.
Interrogative form:
Subj + Vla + Compl + postp (wa)?
Subj + ma +V + Compl + postp (wa)?
Aw wulila joona bi sǤgǤma?
Did you wake up early this morning?
Aw ma boli bi sǤgǤma?
Didn’t you run this morning?
3- Time expressions
Here are some time expressions going with the past definite.
surǤ _> last night
kunun _> yesterday
kunasinin _> the day before yesterday
dǤgǤkun tεmεnen _> last week
kalo tεmεnen _> last month
salon _> last year
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IVIV-
EXERCISES
•
Do the following matching game:
1- kεmε
2- kεmε saba
3- kεmε wǤrǤ ni biduuru
4- wa kelen ni kεmε segin ni biwolonfila ni kelen
5- wa kelen ni kεmε
6- mugan ni fila
7- tan ni naani
8- dǤrǤmε kǤnǤntǤn
•
Do the following matching game:
1- dǤ bǤ a la/a barika
2- i b'a san joli?
3- o t'a sǤrǤ.
4- i kari kari ye joli?
5- hǤn.
6- safinε banna.
7- duloki ye joli ye?
8- wari di yan.
9- safinε bε sǤrǤ butigi la.
10- nǤnǤ banna.
11- buru tε yan.
12- tiga dǤrǤmε tan na di yan.
13- kεmε falen b'i bolo wa?
14- warimisεn segin.
15- mun b'i kun?
•
a- 9355F
b- 5500F
c- 70F
d- 110F
e- 45F
f- 3250F
g- 500F
h- 1500F
a-what do you have on you?
b- what's your last price?
c- how much is the shirt?
d- have it.
e- how much do you pay for it?
f- reduce the price.
g- that cannot afford it.
h- give the money.
i- give the change back.
j- can you change 500F?
k- you can find soap in the shop.
l- there is no bread.
m- soap is finished.
n- give me peanut for 50F.
o- milk is finished
Change the following sentences into the past definite
•
•
•
•
•
•
N bε namasa san sugu la. _____________________________________
An bε na kalanyǤrǤ la sǤgǤma joona. ____________________________
A tε sannikε bi. ______________________________________________
N bε wuli joona ka boli. _______________________________________
I tε foyi kε nakǤ la. ___________________________________________
An bε dumunikε yan dimasi. __________________________________
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• Refering to this picture complete this dialogue between Amadu and Samba.
Amadu:
Amadu:
Amadu:
___________
___________
___________
Samba:
Samba:
Samba:
Nba i ni sǤgǤma
fini mεtiri ye wa kelen ye
I b'a san joli?
Amadu:
Amadu:
Amadu:
Amadu:
___________
___________
___________
___________
Samba:
Samba:
Samba:
Samba:
O t'a sǤrǤ
Kεmε segin
Wari di
K'an b'u fo
Amadu:
___________
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TDA 1-
In the host village, identify at least five (5) products of your choice from the places
below:
• At the market;
• In a shop;
• From a street seller.
NB:
Use the board below:
Shop items
Fruits/jiridenw
•
•
Others/fεn wεrεw
2- Buy two (2) or three (3) items of your choice in a shop or in the market.
Observe the sellers attitudes before and during buying;
Bargain the prices of items (what were the proposed prices and the ones at which you
bought your articles?)
SELF EVALUATION
•
•
•
Market items
Sauce ingredients/nafεnw
I can:
Use efficientlythe local money: YES: __ NOT YET: __
Ask about the availibility of something: YES: __ NOT YET: __
Buy in a market or a shop: YES: __ NOT YET: __
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Communicative Task: YǤRǤW TAMASERECOGO
ASKING/GIVING DIRECTIONS
Objectives:
1. Without his/her notes, each trainee will be able to locate, at least, two (2)
places.
2. Without any help, each trainee will be able to use, at least, three (3)
expressions to ask and give directions.
Cultural Notes:
1. Greet people before asking them for directions.
2. In small villages, people prefer leading you to the place rather than
giving you directions.
3. People refer to common well-known places to indicate directions instead
of referring to the cardinal points.
I-
DIALOG
Umaru:
A’ ni sǤgǤma!
Amadu:
Nba, a’ ni sǤgǤma! DǤ di!
Umaru:
Baasi tε! A’ bε hakε to! N bε dugutigi ka so de Ȃinin.
Amadu:
Dutigi ka so bε an kεrεfε, An bε se ka taa ȂǤgǤn fε.
Umaru:
I ni ce! A sira ȂεfǤ n ye, n yεrε kelen bε se ka taa.
Amadu:
Ayiwa! I tilen nin sira kelen in fε. I bε kare saba tεmεn,o kǤ, fara i numan fε.
Da naaninan don i kini fε. Mangorosunba bε soda la.
Umaru:
I ni baraji! K’an bεn!
Amadu:
K’an bε! Ka se ni i Ȃuman ye!
Umaru:
Amiina!
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IIII-
VOCABULARY
There are some places people refer to locate a given point ( common or public places or
buildings,wellknown people... )
dǤgǤtǤrǤso
yirisunba
siraba
worodugu
kǤrǤn
fan
yan
hospital
the big tree
the main road
south
east
side of x
here
pǤn
dugutigi ka so
pǤnpe
kǤkǤdugu
tilebin
x fan fε
yen
bridge
the chief of the village’s house
pump
north
west.
at x side
there.
The following expressions are used to lead someone to a certain point.
i tilen ka taa.(fo...) Go straight.(until...)
fara i kini fε.
Turn right.
tεmεn so la.
Pass over the house
fara i numan fε
sira tigε.
se so ma.
Turn left.
Cross the road
Reach the house.
These other expressions are very polite used by someone who wants a help to find
his/her way.
Ȃε n
ma!
Please, help me!
haketo!
Excuse me!
x yǤrǤ ka jan wa? Is x far?
a ka ja dǤǤni
It’s fairly far
i b’i tilen nin sira fε You go straight on this road.
i bε se ka Ȃε n ma?
x bε fan jumεn fε?
a ma jan (wa)?
x sira bε min?
i ni baraji
Can you help me?
Where is x ?
Isn’t it far?
Where is the way to x ?
Thanks.
Here are some useful prepositions for giving or receiving directions.
x Ȃεfε
x kǤnǤ
duguma
x kεrεfε
x kuna
x sanfïε
in front of x
in x
on the ground
next to x
above x
above x
x kǤfε
x kan
x KǤrǤ
x ni y cε
x cεmancε la
behind x
on x
under x
between x and y.
at the center of x
The are other common words you meet in the context of giving or receiving directions.
ka x Ȃinin
to look for x
ka fili
to make an error
x tununnen don
x is lost
k’i munumunu x kǤfε
to go around x
ka x jira pers. la/na to show x to pers.
ka tunun
to be lost
x ka jan y la/na
x is far from y
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The Ordinal numbers are built on the cardinal numbers by adding nan, except for fǤlǤ
(first) and laban (last).Here are some examples:
Cardinal numbers
Ordinal numbers
fǤlǤ
filanan
sabanan
naaninan
laban
kelen
fila
saba
naani
x laban
first
second
third
fourth
last.
Safety and Security Notes:
1. In big cities, people hesitate to indicate somebody’s house. (Because of
security issues)
2. Always double-check when you are given a direction.
3. “He who asks doesn’t get lost”.
IIIIII-
GRAMMAR
The Imperative
a)- The Imperative in Bambara is used for making polite requests, suggestions or
commands.
Affirmative form:
(obj) + Verb
e.g:
- Ji min! (Drink water!)
- I ko! (Wash!)
- Taa! (Go!)
Negative form:
kana + (obj) + Verb
kana ji min!
kan’i ko!
kana taa!
b)- This is formed by using the auxiliary ka in the affirmative and kana in the negative.
Affirmative form:
e.g:
Negative form:
Suj + ka + (obj) + Verb
Suj + kana +(obj) + Verb
An ka ji min! (Let’s drink water!)
An k’an ko! (Let’s wash!)
An ka taa! (Let’s go!)
Aw kana kǤlǤnnaji min!
I kan’i ko kǤji la!
An kana taa!
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c)- The second person plural imperative (you all) is frequently formed by using the
pronoun a and the auxiliary ye.
Affirmative form:
e.g:
IVIV-
Negative form:
Suj + ye + (obj) + Verb
Suj + kana +(obj) + Verb
A(w) ye ji min!
A(w) y’aw ko!
A(w) ye taa!
Aw kana kǤlǤnnaji min!
Aw kan’aw ko kǤji la!
Aw kana taa!
EXERCISES
•
Translate the following sentences into Bambara
1- Come here. _____________________________________
2- Turn left. ______________________________________
3- Go straight. _____________________________________
4- Cross the third road. _______________________________
5- Come and eat. ___________________________________
6- Don’t speak English. _______________________________
7- Speak Bambara. __________________________________
8- Don’t laugh. ____________________________________
•
Translate the following sentences into Bambara
1- We are in the classroom.__________________________
2- The blackboard is in front of us.______________________
3- My book is on the wall.____________________________
4- The mosque is in the center of village __________________
5- My house is near the shop.__________________________
6- The book is under the table._________________________
7- Segu is between Bamako and Mopti. _______________
8- Sometimes we study outside._________________________
9- The bag is on the floor._____________________________
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•
Translate these sentences into bambara.
1- Excuse me. Can you show me the way to Bamako.
_______________________________________________
2- Good morning brother. I am lost. Do you know where the hospital is?
_______________________________________________
3- It is not far from here
_______________________________________________
4- Go straight. Cross the fifth road and turn right
_______________________________________________
5- Yes, I know him. Do you see the big house other there? It is behind that one.
_______________________________________________
6- Is Segou far from Bamako?
________________________________________________
7- Turn around over this red car then turn left and go straight.
The mosque is in front of you.
_____________________________________________
•
Use the command or the imperative form of these sentences below.
Please follow the modeles.
Modeles:
I bε taa sugu la.
An bε mangoro dun.
Aw tε biyεri min.
taa sugu la.
An ka mangoro dun.
A kana biyεri min.
1- Aw bε lεtεrε ci aw teriw ma.
____________________
2- Aw t'aw ko baji la.
____________________
3- I bε barokε i somǤgǤw fε.
____________________
4- Aw bε kuma bamanankan na tuma bεε ____________________
5- I tε kuma Angilεkan na.
____________________
6- Aw t’aw sigi duguma
____________________
7- I b'i ko don o don
____________________
8- I tε mǤgǤw neni dugu kǤnǤ.
____________________
9- I bε taa dute min i teriw bara
____________________
10- Aw bε na kalanso la joona
____________________
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TDA 1- Make a map of your town and show:
•
•
•
Your family;
Every trainee’s family in this town;
Public places.
2- Ask directions to two (2) or three (3) persons to find out the house of the chief of the
village.
• With the chief, get informed about the geographic location of the neighbouring
villages.
3- Or, ask for directions to find out the house of a village chief’s consellor.
• Get informed from him about different public interest places and their location in
the village.
4- From the school master/a pupil, get informed about the geographic location of the
bordering countries with Mali.
5- With a younger sister/brother’s help:
• Identify at least 10 body parts.
SELF EVALUATION
•
•
I can:
Indicate a place to someone by using appropriate expressions:
Thank someone after he gives me indications: YES__. NOT YET __.
YES __. NOT YET __
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Communicative Task: MǤGǤ NI FεNW TAMASERE COGO
DESCRIBING A PERSON, AN OBJECT AND A PLACE
Objectives:
1. Without his/her notes, each trainee will be able to name, at least, ten (10)
parts of human body.
2. Without assistance, each trainee will be able to describe a person by pointing
out, at least, five (5) physical and five (5) moral traits.
3. Each trainee will be able to describe, in five (5) correct sentences, his/her
training site without notes.
4. Each trainee will be able to describe an object by giving two (2) or three (3)
characteristics without his/her notes.
I-
TEXT
Nin muso in man jan, a man surun. A Ȃεkisεw ka kunba, a Ȃinw jεlen don. A cεkaȂi. A
nison ka di tuma bεε. MǤgǤ sεbε don.
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Cultural Notes:
1. In public, talking about/touching intimate body parts is culturally
inappropriate in Mali.
2. In general, we don’t talk about a woman’s pregnancy in front of her.
3. Talking about someone’s physical and mental infirmities is embarrassing
for him/her.
4. Being fat is a sign of wealth and good health; but being skinny is a sign
of problems.
IIII-
VOCABULARY
PARTS OF THE BODY:
nun
disi
kan
nose
chest
neck
kǤnǤ
senkala
kamankun
FARIKOLO:
stomach/belly
leg
shoulder
da
kunbere
bolo(kala)
mouth
knee
arm
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woro
tεgε
sentεgε
thigh
hand
foot
Ȃε
senkuru
tulo
eye
ankle
ear
bolokǤni
kunkolo
nǤnkǤn
finger
head
elbow
QUALIFIERS
QUALIFIERS ( PHYSICAL )
The following adjectives are used to describe physical traits.
x ka jan
x ka dǤgǤn
x ka kǤrǤ
x ka girin
x cεkajugu
x is tall
x is small
x is old
x is heavy
x is ugly
x ka surun
x ka kunba
x ka fin
x cεkaȂi
x is short.
x ka bon
x is big/fat
x is strong
x ka misen x is thin.
x is black
x ka jε x is light (complexion)
x is beautiful (handsome)
QUALIFIERS ( MORAL)
These adjectives are used to portray moral state.
x is bad/mean
x ka Ȃi
x is good.
x ka farin
x is
x ka jugu
courageous
x ka kisε
x is devoted/hard working
x ka kegun
x is clever
x nison ka di x is happy/glad
x nison man di
x is sad
x hakili ka di x is intelligent
x hakili ka go/( man di) x is stupid (not intelligent)
QUALIFIERS ( TASTE ).
).
x ka di
x ka kunan
x ka kumun
x ka timi
x ka farin
x ka go
x is good
x is bitter
x is sour
x is sweet
x is hot
x is bad
__ e.g.: Namasa ka di/Namasa duman don
__ e.g.: Woro ka kunan/Woro kunanman don
__ e.g.: Lenmuru ka kumun/Jiriden kumun don
__ e.g.: Jabibi ka timi/Jiriden timiman don
__ e.g.:Foronto ka farin/Foronto farinman don
__ e.g: Nin jiriden ka go/Jiriden goman don
SOME EXPRESSIONS:
EXPRESSIONS:
x bε cogodi?
x Ȃε bε cogodi ?
x fεrεlen don.
x korilen don.
x ka magan.
x ka gεlen.
x ka gonin
x ka kalan
x ka di n ye
How is x? ( What is x like? )
What color is x?
x is spacious/roomy/comfortable
x is round.
x is smooth.
x is hard/tough
x is hot
x is hot
x is good to me ( x likes )
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COLORS
Please note the different forms of expressing colors in Bambara.
Jεman --- nin ye jεman ye ---- nin jεlen don ----- a ka jε
white
Finman --- nin ye finman ye ---- nin finnen don --- a ka fin
black
Bilenman --- nin ye bilenman ye ----- nin bilennen don
Bulaman ------ nin ye bulaman ye -------- x bulaman don
Binkεnεman/Ȃugujiman -- nin ye Ȃugujiman ye -- Ȃugujima don
Nεrεmuguman ---- nin ye nεrεmuguman ye ---- nεrεmuguman don
Lankiriman ----- nin tε bilenman ye ------ lankiriman don
Worojima
SikǤlǤma
baga
NB:
In Mali for most people, mainly with old, rural or illiterate people there are only two concepts of colors:
WHITE ( for bright ) and BLACK ( for dark ).
Safety and Security Notes:
Touching or naming intimates parts in front of opposite sex can expose
to harassment.
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IIIIII-
GRAMMAR
1.
ka auxiliary
The ka auxiliary is used to express the english is/are in the affirmative.
The man is the negative form of ka and it expresses is/are not.
e.g:
Affirmative form:
Negative form:
Subject + ka + adj
Subject + man + adj
Mike Tyson ka surun.
Mike Tyson is short.
Magic Johnson man surun.
Magic Johnson is not short.
Chart of exception
Chart of exception
As the title indicates, these are exception to the formation of adjectives in Bambara
S
Bob
a
i
a
n
a
---
V
Ka
Ka
Ka
Ka
Ka
Ka
Ka
Adj
bon
dǤgǤn
jan
Ȃi
kunba
di
---
S
Bob
a
i
a
n
a
---
V
ye
ye
ye
ye
ye
ye
ye
N
den
cε
-----------
Adj. (man)
belebele(ba)
fitini
jamanjan
Ȃuman
kunbaba
duman
--------
ye
ye
ye
ye
ye
ye
ye
S
mǤgǤ
cε
-----------
Adj. (man)
belebele
fitini
jamanjan
Ȃuman
kunbaba
duman
--------
V
don
don
don
don
don
don
don
When you used a substantive ( noun ) to express is, the following is used:
Affirmative form:
Subject + ye + noun + adj(man) + ye
e.g:
Mike Tyson ye cε suruman ye.
Mike Tyson is a short man.
NB:
Negative form:
Subject + tε + noun + adj(man) + ye
Mike Tyson tε mǤgǤ jïman ye.
Mike Tyson is not a white person.
The ye... ye is negated in tε... ye.
2. The don is used to express is/are ( or it is, they are ) as in the following
examples:
e.g:
Mobili bilenman don ________ It is a red car.
Amerikεn finman don ______ He/She is a black american.
NB:
e.g:
The negative of don is tε
Mobili jεman tε ____________ It is not a white car.
Muso juguman tε ___________ She is not a mean woman.
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3.
Passive voice “ len/nen “
In this Communicative Task you have been briefly introduced to the Bambara
Passive voice. In the following sentence occurred: “KaramǤgǤ jǤlen don kalanso kǤnǤ“.JǤ is the
root of the verb “stand”. jǤlen is a Passive voice.
Passive voice are not used to describe actions, but to describe the state achieved
upon completion of the action. The Passive voice is formed for all verbs without exception
with the verb root plus the suffix len (which becomes nen in nasal environments.)
e.g:
ka jǤ ___ jǤlen
ka sεgεn ___ sεgεnnen
Affirmative form:
Negative form:
Subject + Verb + len/nen + don
KaramǤgǤ jǤlen don kalanso kǤnǤ.
Subject + Verb + len/nen + tε
Kalandenw sεgεnnen tε.
Interrogative Form:
Subject + Verb + len/nen + don (wa)?
Kalandenw jǤlen don kalanso kǤnǤ wa?
Subject + Verb + len/nen + tε (wa)?
Kalandenw sεgεnnen tε?
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IVIV-
EXERCISES
• Identify each part of the body according to the following indications:.
1__ bolokala
5__ tulo
9__ senkǤniw
15__ kǤnǤ
17__ sentεgεw
4__ nǤnkǤn
6__ nun
10__ woro
13__ senkuru
19__ ten
2__ senkala
7__ kunbere
11__ da
14__ bolonkǤni
18__ tεgεkǤ
3__ bolokan
8__ kamankun
12__ Ȃε
16_ kǤ
20__ kan
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•
EX.:
Do as in these examples ( using the modified adjectives).
Nin dute ka gonin. ___ Dute gonin(man) don
1-Nin muso ka Ȃi ________________________________
2-Nin cε ka surun ________________________________
3-Nin jiri ka jan. ________________________________
4-Nin ji ka suman ________________________________
5-Nin namasa ka di _______________________________
6-Nin jiriden ka kumun ____________________________
7-Nin sǤgǤn ka ca _________________________________
8-Nin so ka bon _________________________________
9-Nin mobili ka dogon _______________________________
10-Nin cε ka kunba ________________________________
• Do as in these examples ( using the passive voice).
EX:
A fa ka kǤrǤ ___________A fa kǤrǤlen don.
Bob kunsigi man fin _____A kunsigi finnen tε.
1.I ka mobili ye bilenman ye wa? ______________________________
2.A cε man kǤrǤ. _________________________________________
3.Madu fari ka fin.___________________________________________
4.Umaru kunsigi man jε. _____________________________________
5.Nin lenmuru ka kumun wa? ________________________________
6.Nin so man fεrε. ___________________________________________
7.N nison ka di bi.__________________________________________
• Translate these sentences into bambara.
1-She's a tall, dark woman. _____________
2-She and her husband are really good people. ______________
3- They have a blue car. ______________________________
4-They are always happy. _____________________________
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•
Describe your charming prince/the lady you dream of.
•
Describe a person of your choice. Then, draw him/her respecting your
description.
•
Make the portrait of the following persons:
- The chief of the village or the iman, or the women’s or youth’s leader;
- One or more trainers of the pre-service training.
• Describe the tastes of two foods and two drinks. One of each that you like and
one of each that you don't like. Present your description.
• Visit 2 or3 different places in Bamako. For each place, record whether it's a big
or small one, whether there are lots of people there or not. In short, describe each
one of the places visited. Present the results to the class and ask questions on the
subject.
TDA
With the help of a family member:
•
Identify at least two (2) or three (3) child frequent sicknesses in this season.
SELF EVALUATION
•
•
•
•
I can:
Name some parts of the body: YES___ NOT YET ___
Describe a person, using both physical and moral aspect: YES__ NOT YET _
Name the main characteristics of an object or a thing: YES__ NOT YET __
Describe a place: YES___ NOT YET ___
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Communicative Task: FARIKOLO LAHALAW
DESCRIBING ONE’S MENTAL AND PHYSICAL STATE
Objectives:
1. Each trainee will be able to cite, at least, five (5) common sicknesses in Mali
without his/her notes.
2. Each trainee will be able to ask, at least, one accurate question to get
information about someone’s physical state without help.
3. Without his/her notes, each trainee will be able to formulate two (2) or three
(3) blessings to a sick person.
__Ablo ni Musa bε min?
__Ablo ye jǤn ye?
__Mun bε Musa la?
Cultural Notes:
1. We care about sick people and say them blessings. It’s very important to
pay visit to a sick person like a friend, a relative, a colleague or a
neighbour.
2. Usually we don’t talk openly about sexual diseases and we talk about
pregnancy only with women we joke with.
3. Gaining weight is a sign of wealth and health while loosing weight is a
sign of problems.
4. We generally use natural/traditional medicine before going to the health
centre.
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I-
DIALOG
1Fanta: I ni sǤgǤma, Bakari. I nisǤn man di, mun b'i la?
Bakari: N fari man di n na.
Fanta: I yǤrǤ jumεn b'i dimi?
Bakari: N Ȃin de bε n dimi kojugu bi.
Fanta: I ye fura ta wa?
Bakari: Ayi, n bεna taa dǤgǤtǤrǤso la.
Fanta: Ala ka nǤgǤyakε, k'a ban pewu!
Bakari: Amiina. Ala ka dugaw minε.
Fanta: Amiina.
2Fanta: I ni sǤgǤma, Bakari. Munna an m’i ye surǤ?
Bakari: N tun man kεnε.
Fanta: Ee! Mun tun b’i la?
Bakari: N kungolo ye n dimi kojugu kunun wulada.
Sufε, n ma se ka sunǤgǤ, n fari bεε tun ka kalan.
Fanta: O bε sǤrǤ sumaya ye dε?
Bakari: N hakili la, a bε sǤrǤ o ye. N bεna taa dǤgǤtǤrǤso la.
Fanta: I ka kan k’i yεrε tanga sosow ma.
Bakari: TiȂε! N bεna sange sulen damadǤ Ȃinin n ka denbaya ye.
Ola, sumaya ni bana misεnw tεna an tǤǤrǤ.
Fanta: Ala ka nǤgǤyakε, ka tǤǤrǤ dǤgǤya!
Bakari: Amiina. Ala ka dugaw minε.
Fanta: Amiina.
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IIII-
VOCABULARY
bana Sickness/disease banabagatǤ (banabaatǤ) a sick person
kεnεya
(Good)health
bolodimi
sore-arm
kǤdimi
kǤnǤdimi
stomachache
kandimi
stiffneck
Ȃεdimi
toothache
sendimi
sorefoot
Ȃindimi
kungolodimi bε x la/na x has a headache
NB:
backache
sore-eye
In these expressions it says: sickness is at the person
dimi translates - ache
kungolo bε a dimi x head is aching him/her
N Ȃin bε n dimi
my tooth is aching me
NB:
This means person's part of body is hurting : him/her
MOST COMMON DISEASES:
kǤnǤboli
diarrhea
murafarigan flu
tǤkǤtǤkǤni
SǤgǤsǤgǤ bε Paul la
Paul has a cough
KǤnǤdimi bε Lucie la
Lucie has stomachache
dysentery
sumaya
Mura bε Tom la
Tom has a cold
malaria
Kungolodimi bε John la
John has a headache
Farigan bε Sarah la
Sarah has a fever
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n man kεnε
i yǤrǤ jumεn b'i dimi?
i fan jumεn b'i dimi?
mun b’i la ?
kǤngǤ bε x la/na
salaya
n sεgεnnen don
n tǤǤrǤlen don
n degunnen don
n dusukasilen don
n nisǤn ka di
n nisǤn diyalen tε
fosi/Foyi tε x la
I am sick
Which part of your body is hurting you?
Which part of your body is hurting you?
What is the matter with you?
x is hungry
lazy
I am tired
I am pained
I am suffering
I am sad
I am happy
I am not happy
x has nothing
SOME EXPRESSIONS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL STATES:
kǤngǤ
hungry
funteni
hot
DUGAW
Ala ka nǤgǤyakε
Ala k'a tǤǤrǤ dǤgǤya ...
Ala ka sini fisaya ni bi ye
Ala k'i segin i yεrε ma
Ala k'a kε jurumu kafari ye
Ala ka dugaw jabi
minǤgǤ
thirsty
nεnε cold
BLESSINGS
May God grant relief.
May the pain lessen.
May tomorow be better than today
May you come back to yourself
May it be a sin expiator.
May God answer the blessings
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SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY:
banakisε
banaba
banakunbεn
kεnεyaji
kεnεyaba(ga)tǤ
dusukundimi
kumabin
sumu
sumuni
joli
nε
kankǤnǤdimi/mimi
kaba
fa
jawuli
hakiliwuli
x kǤsalen (don)
x walakalen (don)
mun ye x sǤrǤ?
mun binna/cunna x kan?
mun gεrεgεrε ye x sǤrǤ?
k'i mun
k'i digidigi
k'i wusu
k'i furakε
ka sogolikε
ka biȂεturu
(muso) jiginninso
dǤkǤtǤrǤ
dǤkǤtǤrǤso
ka fura ta
ka furakisε kunun
ka furaji min
k'i boloci
ka pikirikε
microbe
leprosy
prevention
oral rehydration water
a healthy person
palpitation
migraine
dental decay
boil
a wound
pus
sorethroat
ringworm
madness
scatteredbrain
mental fatigue
x is energyless
x open, extravert
what happened to x
what struck x?
what unexpected thing (mishap) happened to x
to apply an ointment
to get a massage
to transpire through smoke or vapour
to cure oneself
to get an injection
to give an injection
maternity
doctor
hospital
to take pills
to take a pill
to drink (a drinkable)
to get vaccinated
to get an injection
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IIIIII-
GRAMMAR
•
Here are some ways to say that someone is (not) sick.
Affirmative form:
Negative form:
Part of body + dimi + bε + Pers. +la/na
Part of body + dimi + tε + Pers. + la/na
Kungolo dimi bε John la.
KǤdimi tε Sarah la.
Interrogative Form:
Part of body + dimi + bε + Pers. +la (wa)? Part of body + dimi + tε + Pers. +la (wa)?
Kungolo dimi b’i la wa?
•
Mura tε Tom la?
THE IMPERFECT TENSE:
Tun bε
NB: ● tun bε/tun tε is the auxiliary element for the Imperfect tense in Bambara.
Affirmative form:
Negative form:
Suj + tun bε + obj + Verb
Suj + tun tε + obj + Verb
Soso tun bε Bakari cin su o su.
Bakari tun tε sange sulen siri.
Kalandenw tun bε kalankε don go don.
U tun tε baarakε san’u ka na Mali la.
Interrogative Form:
Suj + tun bε + obj + Verb (wa)?
Suj + tun tε + obj + Verb (wa)?
Soso tun bε Bakari cin su o su?
Bakari tun tε sange sulen siri wa?
Kalandenw tun bε yaala Ameriki kǤsεbε wa?
U tun tε sunǤgǤ joona sufε?
NB: ● tun ka/tun man is the auxiliary element for the Imperfect tense with adjectives in Bambara.
Affirmative form:
Suj + tun ka + Adj
A tun ka di
It was good/pleasant.
Negative form:
Suj + tun man + Adj
A tun man di.
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•
Here are some ways to say that someone was sick.
Affirmative form:
Negative form:
Part of body + dimi + tun bε + Pers. +la/na
Part of body + dimi + tun tε + Pers. +la/na
Kungolo dimi tun bε John la.
KǤdimi tun tε Sarah la.
Interrogative Form:
Part of body + dimi + tun bε + Pers. +la (wa)? Part of body + dimi + tun tε + Pers. +la?
Kungolo dimi tun b’i la wa?
•
Mura tun tε Tom la?
bεna (bε)
THE FUTURE TENSE:
NB: ● bεna (bε)/tεna(tε) is the auxiliary element for the Future tense in Bambara.
Affirmative form:
Negative form:
Suj + bεna + obj + Verb
Suj + tεna + obj + Verb
Soso bεna Bakari cin su o su.
Bakari tεna sange sulen siri.
Suj + bεna + Verb + Obj
Suj + tεna + Verb + Obj
Kalandenw bεna kalankε don go don.
U tεna yaala dǤrǤn Mali la.
Interrogative Form:
Suj + bεna + obj + Verb (wa)?
Soso bεna Bakari cin su o su?
Sumaya bεna Bakari minε?
Suj + tεna + obj + Verb (wa)?
Bakari tεna sange sulen siri?
Bakari tεna kεnεya sǤrǤ (wa)?
Suj + bεna + Verb (wa)?
Suj + tεna + Verb (wa)?
Kalandenw bεna barokε dugumǤgǤw fε wa?
U tεna taa Ameriki sisan?
•
Here are some ways to say that someone will be sick.
Affirmative form:
Negative form:
Sickness/disease + bεna + Pers. +minε
Sickness/disease + tεna + Pers. +minε
Farigan bεna Tom minε barisa mura b’a la.
Sumaya tεna Sarah minε barisa a bε fura
ta.
Sumaya bεna Bakari minε.
Interrogative Form:
Sickness/disease + bεna + Pers. + minε (wa)?
Sickness/disease + tεna + Pers. + minε?
Farigan bεna Tom minε wa?
Sumaya tεna Sarah minε?
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IVIV-
EXERCISES
• Translate these sentences into bambara.
A:
Are you sick? ________________?
B:
Yes, I am sick. _________________.
A:
What do you have? __________________?
B:
I have a cold. ______________.
A:
Do you need pills? ________________?
B:
No, thank you. ___________. I am tired. ____________. I am sleepy. ____________.
A:
May the pain lessen. ___________________.
B:
Amen. ____________________________.
•
Refering to the picture make a dialog between Fanta and Ablo
Ablo:
I ni sǤgǤma, Fanta. I nisǤn man di, mun bε den na?
Fanta: A fari man d’a la.
Ablo:
Fanta:
Ablo:
Fanta:
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• Fill in the blanks by using the appropriate auxiliary.
Tuma min, n _______ camancε lakǤli la, n _______ kegun dǤǤni.
N _______ marabatiga cimin kalanso kǤnǤ.
N _______ (neg) taa farikolo Ȃanajε kε yǤrǤ la tuma bεε.
Ne ni n teriw _______ taa kalanso kǤfε ka sigarεti min.
N _______ basikεti ton na, nka n _______ npogotigininw lajε dǤǤrǤn.
N _______ (neg) kalankε kǤsεbε nka n _______ ko di karamǤgǤ ye.
N _______ karamǤgǤw dεmε ka kalansow labεn. O kǤsǤn, u hakili la n _______
kalanden Ȃuman ye.
• Fill in the blanks by using the appropriate auxiliary.
SurǤ n ____ dakabana sogo kε. N ____ mobili kura dǤ boli la.
N ____ cεkǤrǤnin dǤ ye sira kan n Ȃε fε. A _______ ka sira tigε fali kan.
CεkǤrǤnin ___n ye nka a tεmεn__ a ka sira fε.
N ___’a Ȃinin ka mobili lajǤ nka a fεrεnw ____ (neg) sǤn.
N ____ __’a fε ka kule nka n da ____ (neg) se ka yεlε.
Mobili ____ __ ka girin. N ____ ___ cεkǤrǤnin faga wa?
YǤrǤnin kelen, mobili jεnsεn__.
N ___ n yεrε sǤrǤ, n sigilen dugumakolo kan; mobili walan ___ n bolo kǤnǤ.
CεkǤrǤnin ___ n lajε i n’a fǤ foyi ___ (neg) kε.
A ___ n Ȃininka, “ E ___ taa min tan?”
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•
Say how the person in each of these picture is feeling.
1. _______________________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________________
4. _______________________________________________________________
5. _______________________________________________________________
6. _______________________________________________________________
7. _______________________________________________________________
8. _______________________________________________________________
9. _______________________________________________________________
10. _______________________________________________________________
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•
Refering to the picture do the following matching:
Treated mosquito net
1
Sange sulen
Sange su ji la, a yεlεma siȂε caman f’a ka ji min miniti 5 kǤnǤ.
2
I tεgεw ni tasaba ko k’u jε ni safinε ye.
3
Sange fεnsεn sumaman yǤrǤ la, k’a laja.
4
San’i k’a daminε, ganw don.
5
Ji tǤ ni ganw kε dingε kǤnǤ, walima u fili Ȃεgεn kǤnǤ.
6
I ka sange sulen siri, i ka sunǤgǤ i lakananen.
7
Ji litiri 1 kε tasaba kǤnǤ.
8
BulǤku kisε kε ji la, a ka yelen.
9
Ji ni bulǤku Ȃagami.
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TDA
With the help of a family member:
•
Identify at least four (4) activities of a man and five (5) activities of a woman
during day time.
SELF EVALUATION
•
•
•
•
I can:
Name some diseases: YES___ NOT YET ___
Describe the state of my health. YES __ NOT YET__
Talk about my mental state. YES __ NOT YET__
Give blessings to a sick person. YES __ NOT YET__
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Communicative Task: DELINAKOW
TALKING ABOUT DAILY ACTIVITIES
Objectives:
1. Each trainee will be able to cite, at least, four (4) daily activities of a man and
four of a woman according to the different periods of the day without his/her
notes.
2. Each trainee will be able to cite five (5) activities of his/her own by
him/herself.
3. Each trainee will able to cite, at least, five (5) daily or seasonal activities
according to the gender, and the age without assistance.
4. Each trainee will be able to tell his/her daily timetable to his/her host family
without help.
Nin musow bε ka mun kε?
Aw ka dugu musow bε ji bǤ kǤlǤn na don go don wa?
Dugu kǤnǤ cεw bε mun kε don go don?
Cultural Notes:
1. In Mali, people refer to periods of time rather than precise hours.
2. Habitual activities are related to places and seasons according to gender
and age.
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I-
TEXT
Musow ka baara dugumisεnw kǤnǤ.
Dugumisεnw kǤnǤ, musow ka baara ka ca. U bε wuli kabini fajiri. U bε fǤlǤ ka ji bǤ kǤlǤn
na. U bε tasuma mεnε ka koliji kalaya. U bε yǤrǤw furan ka sǤro ka daraka tobi. Daraka mana
dun, u bε minan nǤgǤw ko. U bε susulikε, u bε fini nǤgǤw ko, u bε denw ladon.
Mali dugumisεn musow sεgεnnen!
IIII-
VOCABULARY
fajiri
tilegan
fitiri
gεrεn
k’i yalayala
ka sεnεkε
ka te wuli
ka balǤn tan
ka nǤnnikε
k'i Ȃεnajε
dawn (sunrise)
the heat of the day
dusk (sunset)
club
to have a walk
to farm
to make tea
to play football.
to swim.
to have fun
ka fǤlǤ ka
o kǤ
ka sǤrǤ ka
kabini
sani (yani)
to begin by/with
after it/that
then
since
before, since
ntεnεn
araba
juma
kari/dimasi
sǤgǤma o sǤgǤma
Monday
Wednesday
Friday
Sunday
every morning
selifana
la(g)ansara
saafo
k’I lafiȂε
ka taa foro la
ka so jǤ
ka marasi bǤ
ka mǤnnikε
k'i nǤn
ka soli ka
around 2 PM.
around 4 PM.
around 8 PM.
to rest
to go to the field
to build a house
to play cards.
to fish.
to swim.
to do something early in
the morning.
ka laban ka
to finish by/then
k’a Ȃinin ka
to try to
ka tila ka
to finish by
fo
till.
fǤlǤ/fǤlǤ fǤlǤ
first/at first/long
ago/formerly
tarata
Tuesday
alamisa
Thursday
sibiri
Saturday
don o don/don go don
every day
joona
early, quickly
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IIIIII-
GRAMMAR
•
THE HYPOTHETICAL FUTURE:
with mana
NB: ● mana is the auxiliary that marks what is called the hypothetical future in Bambara. It is often
used like a conditional sentence with “if”, “when” or “whenever” in English.
Mana is always found in a subordinate clause in Bambara.
e.g:
N bε taa n ka dugu la, n bε baara daminε.
N mana taa n ka dugu la, n bε baara daminε.
Affirmative form:
Subj + mana + (obj) +Verb + Subj + bε(na) + (obj) + Verb…
Fanta mana daraka dun, a bε(na) minan nǤgǤw ko.
If Fanta eats breakfast, she will wash the dishes.
Subj + mana +Verb + Subj + bε(na) + (obj) + Verb…
Fanta mana wuli, a bε(na) ji bǤ kǤlǤn na.
If Fanta gets up, she will draw water from the well.
Negative form:
NB: ● mana is not used in the negative form. The negative form is used with ni.
•
THECONDITIONAL TENSE:
with ni
NB: ● When the past occurs with ni in the firts clause, it is not referring to past action but rather to
something that will have happened in the future.
Affirmative form:
Ni + Subj + (obj) +Verb (Past tense)+ Subj + bε(na) + (obj) + Verb…
Ni Fanta ye daraka dun, a bε(na) minan nǤgǤw ko..
If Fanta eats breakfast, she will wash the dishes.
Negative form:
Ni + Subj + ma (obj) +Verb (Past tense)+ Subj + tε(na) + (obj) + Verb…
Ni Fanta ma minan nǤgǤw ko, a tε(na) i lafiȂε.
If Fanta does not wash the dishes, she will not take a rest.
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•
CONTREFACTUAL CONDITIONAL:
NB: ● In contrefactual conditional sentences that involve tun plus the completive in the first clause.
The second clause can be compled with the future auxiliary bεna or tεna preceded by tun.
Ni + Subj + tun + (obj) +Verb (Past tense)+ Subj + tun bεna/tεna + (obj) + Verb…
Ni n tun ye wari sǤrǤ, n tun bεna mobili san
If I had gotten money, I would have bought a car.
Ni n tun taara, an tun tεna ȂǤgǤn ye.
If I had gone, we wouldn’t have seen each other.
IVIV-
EXERCISES
•
Arrange the scrambled words in the boxes to form complete sentences:
1
n
bε
n
kabini
fajiri
wuli
ka
ko
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2
Don o don
fǤlǤ
Fanta
tobi
Daraka
bε
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3
fa
bε
la
n
soli
baarayǤrǤ
Ka
taa
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4
n
ekǤli
taa
bε
la
Daraka
Sani
fǤlǤ
dun
ka
ka
n
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
•
e.g.:
Do as indicated in this example:
N bε taa n ka dugu la, n bε baara daminε.
N mana taa n ka dugu la, n bε(na) baara daminε.
1-
sibiri bε se, an b’an lafiȂε.________________________________________________
2-
a bε nakǤ sεnε, a bε nakǤfεn caman dun.___________________________________
3-
u bε surafana dun, u bε dute wuli._________________________________________
4-
an bε tila kalan na, an bε barokε an somǤgǤw fε. ____________________________
5-
dugu bε jε, n terikε bε soli ka na denkundi la. ______________________________
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•
e.g.:
Transform the following sentences into the negative form.
N bε mobili sǤrǤ, n bε taa Bamako.
Ni n ma mobili sǤrǤ, n tε taa bamako.
1- Baara bε jigin, an bε marasi bǤ______________________________________________
2- N bε soli ka wuli, n bε fini nǤgǤw ko.________________________________________
3- Fitiri bε se, u bε taa misiri la._______________________________________________
4- “Stage” bε ban, an bε nisǤndiya._____________________________________________
5- An bε surafana dun, an bε te wuli.___________________________________________
•
e.g.:
Do as indicated in this example:
n bε taa Bamako, n bε tilen yen
ni n taara Bamako, n bε (na) tilen ye.
1
sanji bε na, an tε taa yǤrǤ la. ________________________________________________
2
fitiri bε se, u bε taa misiri la.________________________________________________
3
n bε surafana dun, n bε tele lajε.____________________________________________
4
a bε mankankε, n tε se ka sunǤgǤ. __________________________________________
5
n bε mobili sǤrǤ ka ta Bamako, o bε diya n ye. ________________________________
• Complete the following sentences according to the structure of conditional:
1- Fanta mana ji bǤ kǤlǤn na, a (ka minan nǤgǤwko)._____________________________
2- Fanta mana minan nǤgǤw ko, a (k'i lafiȂε dǤǤni).______________________________
3- Fanta man'i lafiȂε dǤǤni, a (ka taa lǤgǤ Ȃini).__________________________________
4- Fanta ka baara mana ban, a (k'i da ka sunǤgǤ).________________________________
3- Ni "stage" banna, a (ka taa an ka duguw la ).__________________________________
4- Ni Fanta denw ye tilelafana dun, u (ka taa lǤgǤ Ȃini ).__________________________
•
Turn the following sentences into the negative form:
1- Ni Fanta ye tasuma mεnε, a bε ji kalaya._______________________________________
2- A mana wuli joona, a denw bε daraka dun joona.______________________________
3- N'a banna baara la, a b'i lafiȂε dǤǤni._________________________________________
4- A mana lïtiri sǤrǤ, a bεna nisǤndiya kosïbε.____________________________________
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•
e.g.:
Combine according to the following sentences:
N bε surafana dun, n bε taa dǤnkεyǤrǤ la.
1- N mana surafana dun, n bε taa dǤnkεyǤrǤ la.
2- Ni n ye surafana dun, n bε taa dǤnkεyǤrǤ la.
1- N bε safinε san, n bε fini ko.________________________________________________
2- I bε taa so; i b'i ko.________________________________________________________
3- Sanji bε na; an b'an lafεȂε gwa kǤrǤ._________________________________________
4- Midi bε se, an bε kalan dabila.______________________________________________
5- Dugu bε jε, n bε soli ka taa Bamako._________________________________________
•
e.g.:
Turn the following sentences into the negative form:
Ni n wulila joona, n bεna soli ka taa Bamako
Ni n ma wuli joona, n tïna soli ka taa Bamako.
1-Ni ye wari sǤrǤ, n bεna mobili kura san._____________________________________
2-Ni "Stage" banna, an bεna baara daminε.____________________________________
3-Ni n somǤgǤw nana bǤ n ye, n bï nisǤndiya kǤsεbε.____________________________
4-N'aw ye baarakε, aw bï wari sǤrǤ.___________________________________________
5-Ni n ye bamanankan mεn kǤsεbε, an bεna baarokε ȂǤgǤnfε._____________________
•
Fill in the blanks by using the appropriate auxiliary.
FǤlǤ fǤlǤ, dugumisεnw kǤnǤ, musow ka baara ___ __ ca. U ___ __ soli ka wuli kabini
fajiri. U ___ __ fǤlǤ ka ji bǤ kǤlǤn na. O kǤ, u ___ __ tasuma mεnε ka koliji kalaya. U ___ __
yǤrǤw furan ka sǤro ka daraka tobi. Daraka kǤfε, u ___ __ tila ka minan nǤgǤw ko. U ___ __
laban ka susulikε, ka fini nǤgǤw ko. U ___ __ denw ladon nin bεε kǤ.
Mali dugumisεn musow ___ sεgεnnen!
•
Write a paragraph in which you talk about your activities here:
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
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•
Describe one of your favourite activities :
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
TDA
•
Talk with your landlord or landlady or any other member of your family
about there habitual activities.
•
Get informed about the means of transport and their fees in between your
training site and Bamako.
SELF EVALUATION
•
•
I can:
Speak about my daily activities: YES___ NOT YET__
Speak about the activities of men and women in Mali: YES___ NOT YET___
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Communicative Task: TAAMAW
TALKING ABOUT TRAVELING
Objectives:
1. Each trainee, alone, will be able to cite the three (3) most used transportation
means in Mali.
2. Each trainee will be able to ask three (3) appropriate questions to get
informed about the means, the fare and the schedule of transportation
regarding his/her trip, in a real situation.
3. Without any assistance, each trainee will be able to use three (3) appropriate
expressions to wish welcome or safe trip to a traveler.
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Cultural Notes:
1. For a long distance and or period trip, people give blessings to each
other and give left hands to say goodbye. (It’s the only time you shake
the left hand)
2. Generally when we come back from a travel, we bring gifts to family and
neighbours.
I-
TEXT :
1
Taamaw
Mali mǤgǤw bε taama kǤsǤbε duniya kǤnǤ. U bε taa yǤrǤ caman na. I b’u sǤrǤ Farafinna
jamanaw bεε la. Mali denmisεnw bε taama farajεla jamanaw fana kǤnǤ.
Mali kǤnǤ, mǤgǤw ka taama ka suma, barisa siraw man Ȃin. Bolimafεnw man ca, ani u tε
se ka taa yǤrǤ bεε. TogodamǤgǤw bε bǤ dugu ni dugu u sen na, nεgεsow la, wotorow la, wala
bagaw kan i n’a fǤ: faliw, sow, misiw, ȂǤgǤmεw.
MǤgǤw bε bato ta Kulikoro ni Gao cε, sisikuru bε bǤ Bamako fo kayes.
2
Sirakoro taama
Ne sera Sirakoro ntεnεn don, uti kalo tile mugan ni segin san ba fila ni wǤrǤ
Mobili donna dugu kǤnǤ ka bεn ni fitiri ye, o y’a sǤrǤ san nana. An taara dugutigi ka so. A y’an
bisimila koȂuman.
An sira, dugu jεlen an sǤrǤla ka taa dugu maabaw caman fo (Perefe dankan, Mεri,
DǤgǤtǤrǤ kuntigi, Muso kuntigi, Alimami, Pasitεri, cεmisεn kuntigi, ani n ka karamǤgǤ).
Wula fε, dugutigi ni a ka kǤnseyew y’an bisimila a ka so. An y’an nali kun fǤ u ye. A diyara u
ye kosεbε, u ko an k’an bisimila.
O kǤfε ne ni n ka karamǤgǤ ye kalan daminε. Aa! Sisan kǤni, ne ye bamanankan caman faamu.
Alamisa don, uti kalo tile bisaba ni kelen, sǤgǤma dizεri waati, dugu musow bεε ni
jenbe nana ka donkε n jatigiya la, ka ne fo. An ye donkε kosεbε.
JǤn ko allah, Sirakoro ka di!!!
Fox Emily
Safety and Security Notes:
1. Use well-known transport companies.
2. Watch out for crooks (coaxers).
3. Try to note the number plate of the vehicle when using the public
transport before going aboard.
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IIII-
DIALOG
dǤgǤkun kelen taama
A:
N nana n sara i la, n bεna taa dǤgǤkun kelen taama na sini.
B:
Eh! Sini ? Ayiwa, ka taa ka segin nǤgǤya.
A:
A miina, ka ȂǤgǤn ye nǤgǤya, ka hεrε fǤ n kǤ.
B:
k’an b’u fo! Ka segin n’i Ȃuman ye. I k’an sama. I delila ka se yen wa?
A:
Ayi, n ma se yen fǤlǤ. Ni alah sǤnna, n bεna aw sama.
Personal health Notes:
During a trip, avoid eating uncovered and unhealthy foods.
IIIIII-
VOCABULARY
BOLIMAFεNW MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION:
taama
dugutaa
bolifεnw
taamaden
mobili
bato
so
kurun
fali
moto
nεgεso
sisikurun
ȂǤgǤmε
awiyǤn
ka taama
ka taa dugula
ka jigin
ka taa x kunbεn
ka biye ta
ka pase sara
ka fa
ka x sama
ka taa x bila sira
ka taa bǤx ye/la
x fara/x falen don
travelling/journey/trip
travelling/journey/trip
means of transportation
traveller
vehicle
boat
horse
dugout canoe
donkey
motorbike
bicycle/bike
train
camel
airplane
to travel
to travel.
to get down.
to go meet x.
to take a ticket
to pay the trip fees
to be crowded
to give a trip gift.
to accompany x
to pay visit to x.
x is full
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x tiȂεna
x tiȂεnen don
x broke down.
x is broken down.
BISIMILA
idanse/ i ni sε
i (aw) bisimila
saha
kodi/kori i Ȃuman nana ?
ka na aw Ȃuman sǤrǤ
i ni fama
a kεra fama ye
n nana n sara i la
welcome
welcome.
thanks.
did you have a nice trip ?
I had a nice trip
It was a long time.
It was a long time
I came to inform you about my trip.
SAMAW:
n sama bε min?
i sama filε
i sama bε kǤ
WELCOMIMG
GIFTS
where is my gift?
here is your gift.
I will bring it later.
DUWAWUW/DUGAW:
ka taa ka segin nǤgǤya
ka ȂǤngǤn ye nǤgǤya
Ȃuman taa Ȃuman segin
ka hεrε k’i Ȃε
ka sira diya
ka segin n’i Ȃuman ye
ka se n’i Ȃuman ye
ka hεrε fǤ n kǤ
BLESSINGS
May going and returning be easy
May seeing each other be easy
good trip, good return
May peace be front of you }have a good trip.
May the trip/road be good }
May you return well
May arrive well
May peace come after me.
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IVIV-
GRAMMAR
•
THE HABIT OF DOING SOMETHING:
ka deli ka
NB: ● This structure is used in the present to induicate that the subject has “the habit of doing
something” or is used to do something. ka deli ka is follwed by the infinitive.
THE PRESENT TENSE
Affirmative form:
Negative form:
S + bε + deli ka + V (transitif/intransitif)
S + tε + deli ka + V (transitif/intransitif)
A bε deli ka na n ka so.
A tε deli ka taa a sen na baarakε yǤrǤ la.
He is used to come to my house.
He is not used to going to the office on foot.
Interrogative form:
S + bε/tε deli ka + V (transitif/intransitif) ?
THE PAST TENSE
NB: ●“ka deli ka” is used in the past tense to indicate that the subject has experience of doing
something. It denotes that the subject has done something already or at least once.
Affirmative form:
Negative form:
S + delila ka + V (transitif/intransitif)
S + ma + deli ka + V (transitif/intransitif)
N delila ka taa Gao bato la.
A ma deli ka don awiyǤn kǤnǤ.
He has never been in a plane.
I’ve been to Gao by boat
Interrogative form:
S + delila ka + V (transitif/intransitif)?
THE IMPERFECT TENSE:
Affirmative form:
Negative form:
S + tun bε + deli ka + V (transitif/intransitif)
S + tun tε + deli ka + V (transitif/intransitif)
A tun bε deli ka taa sinema na weekend o weekend
N tun tε deli ka dumuni san sirada la.
Interrogative form:
S + bε/tε deli ka + V (transitif/intransitif) ?
I tun bε deli ka mun kε weekend o weekend sani i ka na Mali la?
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V-
EXERCISES
•
Answer to the following questions:
1.
I taara min site-visit la?
2.
I taara don jumεn? I seginna don jumεn?
3.
I taara cogodi?
4.
I ni jǤn taara ȂǤgǤn fε?
5.
I ye tile joli kε yen?
6.
Ka bǤ Bamako ka taa i ka dugu la, i ye joli sara?
7.
I ye mun kε tile fǤlǤ?
8.
I ka dugu bε Mali fan jumεn fε?
9.
I ka dugu bε cogodi?
10.
A taama kεra cogodi?
11.
I delila ka nin taama ȂǤgǤn kε wa?
•
1-
I taara bolifεn jumεn na?
I ka taama ȂεfǤ an ye.
Readjust the following situations:
You are coming from a trip.
A: I danse
A: taayǤrǤ mǤgǤw ka kεnε?
A: kor’i Ȃuman nana?
A: Sira diyara wa?
A: N sama bε min?
2-
B:_______________________
B:_______________________
B:_______________________
B:_______________________
B:_______________________
I am going to travel, make some blessings for me.
A: N nana sara i la, n bεna taa dugu la
A: _________________
A: _________________
A: k’a hεrε fǤ n kǤ
•
e.g.:
A tun falen don wa?
B:_______________________
B:_______________________
B:_______________________
B:_______________________
Make as in the following example.
N bε to ka wuli joona
A bε to ka n dεmε n ka baara la.
An bε to ka ȂǤgǤn sǤrǤ yen.
A tε to ka n fo.
N bε deli ka wuli joona.
________________________
________________________
________________________
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•
e.g.:
Make as in the following example.
A binna moto la.
A delila ka bin moto la.
An taamana ȂǤgǤn fε
An ma taa jamana wεrε la
A ye nin mobili ȂǤgǤn dilan.
N ma dǤlǤ min fǤlǤ.
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
TDA
•
•
SELF EVALUATION
Identify five (5) cooking tools with your mom/sister.
Identify five (5) meals cooked by your mom/sister at home.
I can:
• Cite the most used transportation means in Mali. YES___ NOT YET__
• Ask appropriate questions to get informed about the means, the fare and the schedule of
transportation regarding my trip, in a real situation. YES___ NOT YET__
• Use appropriate expressions to wish welcome or safe trip to a traveller. YES___ NOT YET__
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Communicative Task: DUMUNIW
TALKING ABOUT MEALS
Objectives:
1. Each trainee will be able to cite, at least, five (5) Malian meals without his/her
notes.
2. Each trainee will be able to explain, at least, one recipe to someone using
his/her notes.
3. Without any help, each trainee will be able to enumerate four (4) behaviors
when eating in Mali and compare them to the American ones.
Nin muso in bεka mun tobi?
Mun ni mun bε gabugu kǤnǤ?
Cultural Notes:
1.It’s important to invite people to eat (feel free to say yes or no).
2.Avoid smelling food.
3.Always use your right hand to eat.
4.Generally people eat together in the same bowl but men and women eat separately.
5.Cooking is a women’s role.
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I-
TEXT Dumuniw ani dumunikεyǤrǤ ladaw.
Mali ka bon, a siyaw fana ka ca. O n’a ta o ta, siyaw ka dumuniw n’u ka dumuniyǤrǤ
ladaw man jan ȂǤgǤn na kosεbε. Mali siyaw caman bε to, basi, dεgε, mǤni, seri, samε ani
malokini dun. U bεε bε dumuni kε siȂε saba tile kǤnǤ: daraka, tilelafana ani surafana. Musow
ni cεw tε dumunikε ȂǤgǤn fε yǤrǤ caman na Mali la. Cεw wali musow bε dumunikε ȂǤgǤn fε
minεn kelen kǤnǤ. Danfara dǤw bε siyaw ni ȂǤgǤn cε. Bamananw bε seri sukarontan walima
tosira kε daraka ye. Bamananw fana ka surafana n’u ka tilelafana caman ye to ye. Malokini bε
tobi nisǤndiya donw dǤrǤn. KǤrǤbǤrǤw bε furufuru kε daraka ye. U caman ka tilelafana ni
surafana ye malokini ye. Basi ka di marakaw ye kǤsǤbε. Siyaw dǤw bε barika da dumuni kǤfε
nka dǤw t’a da.
DumuniyǤrǤ ye kalansoba ye Mali la.
Nin muso in bεka mun tobi?
O dumuni in tobicogo ȂεfǤ.
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Personal health Notes:
Always remember your PCMO’s recommendations before buying or
eating any food.
Tamatina dilancogo
Dilannifεw
○ tamati mǤnenba ○ tigatulu
○ jabakεnε
○ kǤgǤ
○ ji
○ kutu
○ muru
Dilanniminεw
○ barama/fugantasa ○ furunε
○ finfin
Dilancogo
1. Finfin kε furunε kǤnǤ, tasuma kε finfin na. A fifa.
2. Ni tasuma kamina, barama wala kasilǤri sigi tasuma kan. Ji dǤ k’a kǤnǤ.
3. I tεgε ko k’a jε. Tamati ni jaba ko k’u jε.
4. Tamati kε ji kalaman na. U kelen kelen ta, u fara b’u la.
5. U bila tasa jεlen dǤ kǤnǤ. U nǤǤni.
6. Barama sigi tasuma kan tuguni. Tulu hakε min bε bεn i ka tamati ma, o kε barama kǤnǤ.
7. Tulu mana kalaya, tamati dǤǤni dǤǤni kε tulu la. To ka kutu kε k’a lamaga.
8. Jaba tigε-tigε. A kε tamati na kan.
9. kǤgǤ kε tamati na la, dǤǤni dǤǤni. To k’a nεnε.
Duncogo n’a lamaracogo
• Nin tamatina in bε se ka kε sogo jeninen, jεgε jirannen, woso, wala kǤmitεri balabalalen kan, k’u
dun. Waa, a ka di kǤsεbε.
• A lamaracogo man gεlεn. I b’a kε buteli dǤ kǤnǤ ka tulu dǤǤni k’a kan k’a lasago yǤrǤ sumannen na.
•
•
•
Tamatina kεfεnw ye jumεnw ye?
Kεfεnw wεrεw bε se ka don a dilanni na wa?
I bε se k’a lamara cogo wεrε jumεn na?
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IIIIdumuni
balo
daraka
tilelafana
surafana
nafεn
na
kεfεnw
barama
galama
filen
muru
shilan
furunε
finfin
fugan tasa
kini/malokini
basi
dεgε
mǤni
to
seri
zamε
furufuru
tosira
basisira
minan
kolon
kolon-kala
kurun
kuyεri/kutu
tasa
tobili
ȂǤ
malo
fini
kaba
yiriden mǤlen
jaba
tamati
namasa
lemuruba
lemurukumu
VOCABULARY
food
food.
breakfast
lunch.
dinner
condiment.
sauce
ingredients
pot
ladle.
calabash
knife.
food mill/reel
stove
charcoal
aluminum bowl
cooked rice
cous-cous.
ceam made of cereale
porridge.
to (malian food)
porridge.
cokked rice with condiments mixed
fritter/doughnut
left over to
left over cous-cous
utensil
mortar
pestle
stool.
spoon
bowl.
cooking
millet
rice
fonio.
maize
ripe fruit
onion
tomato.
banana
orange.
lemon
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tiga
foronto
layi
tulu
x mugu
tigadεgε
dabilenni
kǤkǤ/kǤgǤ
sogo/soko
siya
lada
x sukarotan
ka barika da/ ta
o n’a ta o ta
ka x susu
ka x ko k’a jε
ka x wǤrǤ
ka x kisε/kolo bǤ
ka x tigε tigε
ka x suma
ka x daji
ka x shi
ka x tobi
ka x kε minε kǤnǤ
ka x mara
ka x lasagon
ka x jε
ka x nǤǤni
ka x tigε
ka x kε y la/na
ka x wele y la
ka x datugu
ka x dayεlε
peanut.
pepper
garlay
oil
the powder of x.
peanut butter
hibiscus.
salt
meat.
ethnic group
costum.
x without sugar
to thank.
despite
to pound x.
to wash properly
to peel
to take out seed
slice
to measure
to soak
to grind/crush
to cook
to put x in
to keep
to keep
to clean
to mix
to cut x.
to put x in y
to call x for y
to cover x
to open x.
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HERE ARE OTHER WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS WHICH CAN HELP YOU
TO TALK MORE EASILY ABOUT MEALS.
a barika
a barika Ala ye
i ni gwa
i ni daba
k’a suma i la
k’a suma i kǤnǤ
na dumuni na
n’an ka dumunikε
dumuni mǤnna
dumuni sigira
n faara
n falen don
n faara teu-teu
n ye dumunikε sisan
k’i ni hεrε bεn
nabaa/nabaga
mun b’i bolo?
mun ni mun bε yan?
a kǤkǤ cayara dǤǤni
kǤkǤ t’a la
kan’a caya kosεbε
dǤǤni far’a kan
IIIIII-
thank you(after a meal)
you are welcome.
thank you
thank you.
you are welcome
you are welcome.
come and eat
come and eat.
the meal is ready
the meal is ready.
I’m full
I’m full.
I’m completely full
I have just eaten.
good appetite
newcomer
what do you have?
what do you have here?
there is too much salt
there is no salt in it.
don’t give too much
add a little bit.
DIALOG
Umaru:
I ni sǤgǤma!
Amadu:
Nba. Cε! a kεra di? An m’i ye gεrεn na surǤ dε!
Umaru:
Foyi ma kε! N tun bε furusiridǤn yǤrǤ la. A kεra Ȃεnajεba ye.
Amadu:
A diyara wa?
Umaru:
Kojugu! Dumuni ma kε foyi ye! An y’an kǤnǤ fa ani ka dǤnkε fo ka dugu jε.
Amadu:
Ala ka kε furu ye!
Umaru:
Amiina!
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IVIV-
GRAMMAR
•
THE USE OF
kε
NB: ● Kε has many meanings but in these strucures it means: to be done; to be made; to occur or
happen.
Below are the structures and some examples.
•
THE PRESENT TENSE:
Affirmative form:
Negative form:
Suj + bε kε + Compl + ye
Suj + tε kε + Compl + ye
MǤni bε kε daraka ye sǤgǤma o sǤgǤma.
MǤni is made for breakfast every morning
•
To tε kε tilelafana ye an ka so.
To is not made for lunch at our place
THE PAST TENSE:
Affirmative form:
Negative form:
Suj + kεra + Compl + ye
Suj + ma kε + Compl + ye
A kεra baara ye!
A kεra dǤgǤtǤrǤ ye.
A ma kε foyi ye!
Foyi ma kε!
Aw ma kε wǤlǤntεriw ye fǤlǤ.
Interrogative Form:
Mun kεra?
A kεra di?
•
THE FUTURE TENSE:
Affirmative form:
Negative form:
Suj + bεna kε + Compl + ye
Suj + tεna kε + Compl + ye
Aw bεna kε wǤlǤntεriw ye sǤǤni.
A tεna kε foyi ye.
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V-
EXERCISES
•
1234567-
Translate the following sentences into bambara.
Sauce is made of peanut butter. _____________________________________________
The trainee becomes volunteer after nine weeks. ______________________________
One should not chat in class. _______________________________________________
One should not dance in the mosque. _______________________________________
John will be a good volunteer. ______________________________________________
What happened to you yesterday? __________________________________________
What will happen if you don’t go? ___________________________________________
•
Explain the recipe of a meal you like to cook.
•
Exchange an American recipe you know for a Malian one with a friend.
TDA
With your host mother/sister/neighbour, get informed about:
• The type of meals she cooks
• The recipe of this meals
• The typical meals of her ethnic group.
SELF EVALUATION
•
•
•
I can:
Talk about meals in Mali and the states
Explain a recipe to someone
Compare the do and don’t while eating
yes____not yet____
yes____not yet____
yes____not yet____
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Communicative Task: ȂANAJεW
TALKING ABOUT FEASTS AND LEISURE
Objectives:
1. Each trainee will be able, without his/her notes, to cite three (3) religious and
three (3) traditional feasts in Mali.
2. Each trainee will be able, without notes, to name, at least, three (3) leisure
time activities in his/her community and describe one of them.
•
Answer to these questions.
Nin ye mun Ȃεnajε ye ?
DugumǤgǤw y’aw bisimila ka Ȃε aw na don wa ?
Aw nisǤndiyara kǤsεbε wa ?
Cultural Notes:
Generally Malians are tolerant about religious feasts (mainly with
Christian and Muslim feasts) but you may still come across some
traditional ceremonies/feasts in rural area.
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I-
DIALOG
1.
Umaru:
Amadu:
An ni sǤgǤma!
Nba. Cε! a kεra di? An m’i ye gεrεn na surǤ dε!
Umaru:
TiȂε don. N tun bε furusiridǤn yǤrǤ la. A kεra Ȃanajεba ye.
Amadu:
A diyara wa?
Umaru:
Kojugu. Jamaba de tun bε yen. An ye dumunikε ani ka dǤnkε fo ka dugu jε.
Amadu:
FǤlifεn jumεn tun bε yen?
Umaru:
An ye balani dǤn fo k’an sen kari.
2.
Jelikε:
Den-fa:
Jelikε:
Den-fa:
Jelikε:
Den-fa:
Jelikε:
Den-fa:
Jelikε:
An ni su!
Nba , aw ni su!
Hεrε tilenna wa?
Hεrε dǤrǤn.
MǤgǤ nakun ka fisa i yεrε ye.
N’i ye n wulilen ye ka se yan, juguman tε.
A kun ye furu sira ye.
Keyitalakaw ye woro tan ni fura siri, k’u Ȃε bǤra aw denmuso Fanta fε.
U dun t’a ŋaniya ni foyi ye n’u denkε Bakari furumuso tε.
Woro tan filε n’a bε bεn aw ma, o bε diy’an ye kǤsεbε.
An bε woro minε fǤlǤ. Den bε yan, den baw bε yan.
N’an y’olu Ȃininka, olu mana jaabi min di, an n’o fǤ aw ye.
Nin diyar’an ye, a bεnn’an ma. Hakεto b’o kan.
Aw Keyita! Ala k’a Ȃεn k’a d’an ma. N bε sira Ȃinin.
Kuyate! Sira dir’i ma. K’an b’u fo!
U n’a mεn! Ka su hεrε d’an ma!
Safety and Security Notes:
Avoid going to traditional ceremonies without invitation, however
initiation is sometimes required.
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IIII-
VOCABULARY
FǤLIFεNW DǤW
jenbe
balani
ntamani
gitari
ŋǤni
kora
file
drum
xylophone
hand-held drum
guitare
an indigenous guitare
kora
a flute
ȂεNAJε DǤW
denkundi
furusiri/kǤȂǤ
furasi
seliba
selideni/seliȂinin
san yεlεma seli
yεrεma hǤrǤnya seli
dǤn
marasibǤ
farikolo Ȃεnajε
SOME INSTRUMENTS
SOME FEASTS
baptism
marriage
circoncision party
Tabaski
Ramadan
new year’s day
Independence day
dance
to play cards
sports
ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY
gεrεn
jama
jeli
woro
bolomafara
ka.x sǤn
ka tεgεrεfǤ
morikε
club
crowd
griot
kola nut
contribution
to give a present
to applaud
marabout
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IIIIII-
GRAMMAR
THE PASSIVE VOICE:
NB: ● The passive voice is formed by adding ra (na, la) to the infinitve form without ka (or bε of
course). You can then notice that we get past form of the verb.
Affirmative form:
Suj (passif)+ Vra/na/la + Compl (suj act) +(fε/bolo)
Woro dira denfa ma jelikε fε.
Woro minεna denfa fε.
Dumuni sigira Fanta fε
The meal has been set by Fanta
Te wulila
Tea has been boiled
Mobili kora Musa fε
The car has been washed by Moussa
Negative form:
Suj (passif)+ ma +Verb + Compl (suj act) +(fε/bolo)
Ayi furu ma siri fǤlǤ.
Ayi wεri ma ci ne bolo.
Mobili ma ko Musa fε
The car has not been washed by Musa.
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IVIV-
EXERCISES
•
e.g.:
Bakari ye wari di Musa ma --------------> Wari dira Musa ma Bakari fε.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Fanta ye ji kalaya. ________________________________________
KǤȂǤnmuso ye fini kuraw don. ______________________________
Jelikε ye gitari fǤ furusiri yǤrǤ la. ____________________________
An ye dǤn dabila su fε _____________________________________
U ye balani fǤ kǤsεbε ______________________________________
Jelikε ye wari caman sǤrǤ __________________________________
•
e.g.:
Make as in the following example.
Make as in the following example.
Dumuni sigira ka ban --------------> Dumuni ma sigi fǤlǤ.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Furusiri kεra misiri la. ______________________
An kunbεna ka Ȃε u fε. ______________________
Mobili tiȂεna a bolo. _______________________
Kini dunna ka ban. _________________________
TDA
•
Identify at least three (3) or four (4) traditional or religious feasts at the
host village.
•
Get informations about the games/leisures activities practiced in the
village by the different social groups below:
•
•
•
•
Explain a popular game of a group (youth/kids/adults)
•
Explain to someone (brother/sister) the following holydays
•
•
SELF EVALUATION
•
•
The youth /boys/girls;
Kids;
Adults.
Halloween;
Thanksgiving.
I can:
Describe how I spend my free time
Explain a game to somebody
yes_____not yet________
yes_____not yet________
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Communicative Task: MǤGǤ WELELI
ACCEPT OR DECLINE AN INVITATION
Objectives:
1. Without assistance, each trainee will be able to use, at least, three (3)
expressions to invite someone in a real situation.
2. Without his/her notes, each trainee will be able to use appropriately three (3)
expressions to accept or decline an invitation.
Cultural Notes:
1. Formal invitations are not common. People are welcome at any social
activities (events) except initiation or ritual ceremonies.
2. When you invite a Malian in a restaurant, you are supposed to pay the
bill.
I-
DIALOG
1.
Mamu:
Fanta:
Mamu:
Fanta:
Mamu:
Fanta:
Fanta! i ni fama sa!
An bεε ni fama.
I tununna dε!
O kεra! N tun taara dugu la.
I nani diyara n ye. TiȂε don, n dǤgǤmuso ka furusiri bε kε sibiri don.
N’i b’a masǤrǤ, n b’a fε i ka na o la. An bε Ȃanajεba kε wula fε.
Basi tε, ni Ala sǤnna i bεna n ye.
2.
Umaru:
I ni wula, Susan!
Susan:
Nse! Umaru, hεrε tilenna?
Umaru:
N bε Ala tanu! A bε diy’an ye n’i bε se ka n’an ka furusiridǤn yǤrǤ la bi su in na.
Susan:
Bi su in na! Haa! N tεn'a masǤrǤ.
N bolo degunnen don barisa ȂǤgǤnye kεrεnkεrεnnen dǤ bε n bolo.
A kεra baara ye. Kana jigin n na. Ala ka siȂε wεrε jir'an na.
Umaru:
N tεna jigin i la. Ala ka dugawu minε!
Susan:
Amiina!
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Safety and Security Notes:
1. Do not accept invitations from anyone you don’t know unless you talk to
your counterpart about it.
2. Do not stay late after an invitation and do not go back alone, especially,
at night.
3. Always share foods or drinks with people.
IIII-
VOCABULARY
EXPRESSIONS TO INVITE SOMEONE
n ba Ȃin’i fε
n jigi b’i kan
o bε diya n ye
n b’i deli
I would like you to
I count on you.
It will please me
Please (I am begging you).
INVITATION
EXPRESSIONS TO ACCEPT AN INVITATION
o diyara n ye
i bε n Ȃεsigi
Ala k’an to ȂǤgǤn ye
ni Ala sǤnna, i bε n ye
It’s my pleasure(pleased me).
Organize a meal for me (set something for me).
May we count on each other.
If god pleases, you will see me.
EXPRESSIONS TO DECLINE
DECLINE AN INVITATION
n t’a masǤrǤ
n bolo degunnen don
a kεra baara ye
kana jigi n na
I won’t have time
I am busy.
What a pity
Don’t hold it against me.
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IIIIII-
GRAMMAR
1. THE EMPHATIC SA
SA::
NB: ● Sa is used in two situations:
i- As an emphatic: It means very.
I ni fama sa!
It has been a very long time!
Nin cε ka jugun sa!
This man is so mean!
ii- It can mean, please.
I sigi sa!
Please sit down!
Dumunikε sa!
Eat, please!
2. THE EXPRESSIONS OF DESIRE AND OBLIGATION
NB: ● The expressions of desire and obligation require the use of the infinitive.
•
k’a fε ka
to want
N b’a fε aw ka tilen n ka so.
I want you to spend the day at my house.
•
K’a Ȃini x fε
to ask someone to.
N y’ a Ȃini Mamadu n’a muso fε u ka na dumuni kε.
I asked Mamadou and his wife to come and eat.
•
A ka di x ye
to please to.
A ka di n ye i ka n dεmε tobili la.
I want you to help me to cook.
•
Wajibi don
It’s obligatory.
Wajibi don n ka taa nin dekundi yǤrǤ la.
I have to go to this baptism.
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IVIV-
EXERCISES
•
A:
A:
A:
A:
Complete this dialog. Accept the invitation.
I ni sǤgǤma.
I ni fama.
I bε taa min?
Sini sufε, n bε te wuli n ka so.
I bε se ka na wa?
O diyara n ye.
A:
•
B: __________________________
B: __________________________
B: __________________________
B: __________________________
B: __________________________
Complete this dialog. Decline the invitation.
A: N terimuso, i tununna dε.
A: N ba fε i ka taa bǤ n ye sini su fε,
an bε te min ka barokε.
A: N b'i deli sa !
A: I b’a masǤrǤ don jumεn.
A: Ayiwa, k’an b’u fo.
B: __________________________
B:
B:
B:
B:
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
• Case study: The trainee Susan is invited by her brother to a wedding party.
Her brother's cousin Invites her to dance repeatedly.A bit later she decides to go back home.
The following day, she learns her brother and his cousin had a fight. since then, she feels
uncomfortable at home.
•
You have a very nice malian friend. He invites you at his house. Tell him you are
busy. Find out 2 or 3 excuses to decline the invitation.
•
Invite a village friend or a host family member to a technical activity of your
sector in the village and tell him about the goals of that activity.
SELF EVALUATION
•
•
I can:
Use some expressions to invite someone in a real situation Yes___ not yet___
Use appropriately some expressions to accept or decline an invitation.
Yes__ not yet_
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Communicative Task: DεMε ȂININ
ASKING FOR HELP
Objectives:
Each trainee will be able to use three (3) appropriate expressions to ask for or
decline a proposal of help without his/her notes in a given situation.
Nin cε in bε mun na kεnεma?
A ka baara ye mun ye?
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Cultural Notes:
1. Offering and/or receiving help is not a sign of weakness or incompetence;
it’s just a form of socialization.
2. Both not offering or not accepting assistance can be embarrassing.
I-
DIALOG
Sarah:
Ee! Mun kεra? N ka nεgεso bila!
I bε taalen ni n ka nεgεso ye min?
A ye son bεn! A' ye n dεmε!
Musa:
JǤn kulekan bε yan? Mun y’i sǤrǤ?
JǤn donna i kan?
Sarah:
A’ ye na! A’ ye bǤ!
Son taara ni n ka nεgεso ye.
N b'aw deli. A’y’a kunbεn! A’ye Ȃε n ma!
Musa:
I hakili sigi. A tε se ka taa yǤrǤ jan.
Passant:
Kule dabila n balimamuso. U ye i ka son minε.
A ni nεgεso b’u bolo ka na.
Sarah:
O ye Ala tanu ye. Aw ni ce! Aw ni baraji!
Hakεto! Musa, n hakili la, n ka kan ka sokǤlǤsila dǤ Ȃinin
min bεna n ka dukǤnǤna kǤlǤsi, k’a janto da la.
Musa:
O ka nǤgǤn. An bεna mǤgǤ sεbε Ȃinin i ye.
Hali ni mǤgǤ wεrε fǤra i kǤ, ale na sǤrǤ yan.
Safety and Security Notes:
1. Never hesitate to ask for help if necessary.
2. Never use words or expressions for help if there is no danger.
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IIII-
VOCABULARY
EXPRESSIONS USED TO ASK FOR HELP:
wooyi! wooyi! wooyi n ba den!
a’ye na!
a’ye bǤ!
Ȃε n ma!
n dεmε!
a/u bεna bin n kan !
a/u bε n kǤ!
i bε se ka n dεmε wa?/a’ye n dεmε!
interjection used to ask for help
come over here
come out
Please/help me
help me
she/he (they are) is agressing me.
she/he (they are) is purchasing me.
can you help me?
EXPRESSIONS USED TO REFUSE HELP:
i lafiȂε (sa)!
n ma jigin i la.
a ka Ȃi ten.
get a rest
I excuse you
its good enough
EXPRESSIONS USED IN A CASE OF AGRESSION:
n bila!/ n bolo bila!
a ye son bεn!
sabali
hinε n na !
n b'i deli !
n to ala ye (kama/kǤsǤn)
leave me alone
thief ! thief !
be tolerant (easy)
have pity on me
please
for god’s sake, leave me.
EXPRESSIONS USED IN A CASE OF INDESIRED ATTENTION:
bǤ n kun na!
n to yen!
i da bǤ n na!
fara n na!
i Ȃε bǤ n na!
i bε n lajε munna?
i bε n foto fε wa?
i ma n ȂǤgǤn ye wa?
mun kεra?/a kεra di ?/mun don?
leave me alone
leave me alone
leave me alone
leave me alone
why do you stare at me?
why do you stare at me?
Do you want my picture?
haven’t you seen anyone like me?
what’s the matter?
EXPRESSIONS
EXPRESSION
S USED TO ADDRESS A GUARDIAN/A HOUSEWORKER:
k’i janto x la/na
ka x kǤlǤsi
ka x bila ka don
ka x gεn
ka x makǤnǤ
ka fǤ x kǤ
ka x kalifa
ka gεrεn x la
to pay attention to x.
to take care of/to look after x.
to let x get in
to chase x.
to wait for x.
to miss.
to give/to look after
to get close to x.
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IIIIII-
EXERCISES
•
Translate the following sentences and phrases into Bambara.
1- Come early tomorrow. Clean up the courtyard.
________________________________________________________
2- Don’t leave the door open. Lock it.
________________________________________________________
3- Watch out the wall behind.
________________________________________________________
4- Don’t let anyone enter the house.
________________________________________________________
5- Chase animals and water the trees.
________________________________________________________
6- If my friend comes while I am not here, tell him/her to wait for me.
________________________________________________________
TDA
•
Explain to someone (PTC/LCF/brother/sister) an incident a trainee or anyone
you know has been victim of.
•
•
•
•
Give the circonstences of that incident;
The victim’s reaction;
The help she/he got from the others.
With your parents, identify at least two (2) activities according to the seasons and
the genre
NB: ●Use the board below:
1- Cεw
bε
2- Musow
bε
SELF EVALUATION
•
1- Fonεnε
2- Tilema
3- Taratile
4- Samiya
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
I can:
Use the appropriate expressions to ask for or decline a proposal of help in a given
situation: yes_____not yet_____
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Communicative Task: WAATIW LAHALAW
TALKING ABOUT THE WEATHER
Objectives:
1. Each trainee, without his/her notes, will be able to cite three (3)
characteristics of the main seasons in Mali.
2. Without assistance, each trainee will be able to cite, at least, two (2)
activities related to the seasons, according to gender.
Cultural Notes:
1. Group works are generally organized during the rainy season in public or
individual fields in some rural areas.
2. In some places, people perform sacrifices in the beginning of the rainy
season for a better harvest.
Personal health Notes:
Respect the hygienic rules to avoid getting malaria, diarrhea…
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I-
DIALOG
John:
Amadu, i ni sǤgǤma.
Amadu:
Nba, hεrε sira John?
John:
Hεrε dǤrǤn. N bε taa bǤ n terikε ka foro la ka na.
Amadu:
Ee! I t'i jǤ dǤǤni. E Ȃε tε sanfinnenba la?
John:
E ko nin san bε na sisan?
Amadu:
Funteni b'a kǤrǤ cogo min na, ne miiri la a bε na.
John:
Funteni ye sanji tamasere ye aw fε yan wa?
Amadu:
ǤwǤ, nka
John:
Kabako! Ni n bε taa, n bεna n ka sanji minεfini ta. I ni ce.
Amadu, n mana segin, an bε se ka barokε Mali waatiw ni Ameriki taw kan wa?
Amadu:
O bε diya n ye kosǤbε. Ola n yεrε bεna faamuya dǤ sǤrǤ Ameriki kan.
K'an bεn sǤǤni.
John:
K'an bεn! Ka hεrε fǤ n kǤ.
Amadu:
Amina! K'i Ȃuman segin!
o dǤrǤn tε dε! San tamasere dǤ wεrεw ye kabanǤgǤ, tile bǤ cogo
ani fiȂε ci cogo ye. Hali kǤnǤ dǤw bε san kibaruya fǤ an sεnεkεlaw ye.
Safety and Security Notes:
1. Avoid standing under a tree or next to a mud wall when it rains to avoid
thunder or the wall falling on you.
2. Always lock your room when sleeping out during hot season.
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IIIItilema
taratile
samiya
fonεnε
funteni waati
nεnε tuman
gǤngǤn
kabakolo
sanji
san pεrεn
san kulu
san mεgεru
san bεlεni
cǤcǤ
sanfin
fiȂε
funteni
kawula
bǤgǤ
kabanǤgǤ
tubabu kalo
farafin kalo
zanwuye (kalo)
Feburuye
marisi
Awirili
mε
Zuwεn
Zuluye
uti
Sεbutanburu
ǤkutǤburu
Nowanburu
desanburu
dibi donnen don
sanba nana
nεnε bε kε/bǤ sǤǤni
funteni bε/kε bǤ sǤǤni
VOCABULARY
dry season
hot and dry season
rainy season
cold season
hot season
cold season
the dust
sky
rain
thunder balt
thunder
lightning
the hail
heavy rain
the storm
the wind
the heat
hot and humid season
mud
cloud
gregorian calendar
lunar month
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
it is dark
It rained a lot
it will be cold soon
it will be hot soon
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IIIIII-
EXERCISES
•
Translate the following sentences:
1. It rained a lot last night.
2. A bad wind blew before the rain.
3. Kids hid themselves behind the big tree.
4. The big Moussa fell into the mud
5. His clothes are very dirty now
•
Talk with your parents in the village in order to get information on their different
activities during the different seasons.
TDA
•
Interview some resource persons in your training site to identify:
•
The activities according to the seasons and the genre.
NB: ●Use the board below:
Baaraw/hajuw
(Write the number corresponding to the activities/events)
SankǤnǤ kalow
waati
Zanwuye(kalo)
fonεnε waati
1
m/w
Feburuye(kalo)
Marisi(kalo)
Awirili(kalo)
Mε(kalo)
Zuwεn(kalo)
Zuluye(kalo)
Uti(kalo)
Sεbutanburu(kalo)
ǤkutǤburu(kalo)
Nowanburu(kalo)
Desanburu(kalo)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
nakǤ baara
jago misεn
tungalataa/dugubakǤnǤtaali
forobabana
so dila/jo
biriki dila
foro baaraw
•
•
SELF EVALUATION
•
•
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
•jiriden tǤmǤ
•suma tigε
•seginkǤtuma
•furusiriw tuma/kǤȂǤw
•suma dεsε
•wari sǤrǤ tuma
•seliw
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
man (m)
woman (w)
I can:
Talk about the different seasons in Mali: Yes _____ Not Yet _____
Talk about the different activities of people according to the season :Yes __ Not Yet __
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Communicative Task: SEKO NI DǤNKOW
TALKING ABOUT ONE’S SKILLS
Objectives:
1. Each trainee, without help, will be able to explain in detail his/her work to
another person.
2. Without notes, each trainee will be able to explain in detail one specific
activity related to his/her technical sector.
Cultural Notes:
1. Some people (Malians) do not want to share their talents with others for
the reason of always being a reference.
2. In Mali, a lot of people acquire their knowledge or skills without going to
school. Some inherit them.
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I-
TEXT
Sekow ni bololabaaraw
Bololabaarakεlaw jǤyǤrǤ ka bon kǤsǤbε jamana in kǤnǤ. Kabini lawale la, an ka minεnw
fanba bεε bε dilan bololabaarakεlaw de fε. Dugu si tε taa u kǤ. Ulu de b’an mago caman Ȃε. I
bε garankεw, gesedalaw, numuw, sanu ni warijε fagalaw, dagadilannaw, kǤlǤnsennaw,
sojǤlaw, jiridεsεlaw, kundigilaw, mekanisiȂεw, menizenw sǤrǤ an ka dugu caman kǤnǤ.
Nin seko ni dǤnko mǤgǤw fana tε taa sεnεkεlaw, nakǤbaaralaw, bagangεnnaw,
mǤnikεlaw, dosow ni jeliw kǤ.
Safety and Security Notes:
In Mali, many handworkers don’t use safety tools to protect themselves.
IIII-
DIALOG
Amadu:
John:
N terikε John, e yεrε bε mun baarakε an ka dugu in kǤnǤ?
Ȃinikali Ȃuman! Ne ye yiriforow ni kungoyiri nafamaw lakanabaa wǤlǤntεri ye.
N bε baarakε sεnεkεlaw ni nakǤtigiw fε. N bε ladilikan di mǤgǤw ma yirituru ni yiriw
ladoncogo Ȃuman kan. N bε dugu mǤgǤw dεmε yirishεnw sǤrǤ cogo n’u turu cogo la
ani nǤgǤ ni nǤgǤdingεw dilanni fana la. N bε taa nakǤw ni forow kǤnǤ tuma ni tuma ka
kuma nin fεnw kan.
Amadu:
Ayiwa! Ne hakili la, n y’i ka baara faamu sisan. Ala k’i dεmε.
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IIIIII-
VOCABULARY
PROFESSIONS/WORKERS
bololabaarakεla
garankε
numu
gesedala
baganmarala
masǤn
minize
mǤnnikεla
sεnεkεla/cikεla
yiriturubaara
mekanisiȂε
baarakεden
baaraȂini
nakǤbaarala
nakǤbaara
kεnεya ni saniya baara
ji ni saniya baara
kǤlǤnsenna
jagokεla
jagomisεn layiriwali baarakεla
hand worker/artisan
cobbler/shoemaker
blacksmith
weaver
cattle breeder
builder/mason
joiner/carpenter
fisherman
farmer
plantation/tree planting
mechanic
servant/domestic
laborer
gardener
gardening
health educator
water sanitary work
well digger
merchant
"SED" agent
SOME EXPRESSIONS
seko ni dǤnko
x dilala
x tε fosi dǤn
x tε se foyi la
x ye fugari ye
x baara nǤ ka Ȃi
x bε se baara Ȃuman na
ka x kε ka Ȃε
ka dεsε x la
k’i kamana gan
k’i kǤnǤna fili
ka se ka
ka se x la
ka x ȂεfǤ
aptitude
reparman
x knows nothing
x can’t do anything
x is good for nothing
x does a good job
x does a good job
to do x well
not to be able to x
to cause trouble/to puzzle
to cause trouble/to puzzle
can/ to be able to
to be able to do x
to explain
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Te wulicogo
Wulifεnw
○ te
○ sukaro
○ nanaye
○ ji
Teminεnw
○ barada
○ furunε
○ finfin
○ wεriw
○ pilato
Wulicogo
N'i bε te wuli, i bε fǤlǤ ka:
1. tasuma Ȃaga, o kǤ i bε te kε barada kǤnǤ.
2. I bε ji wεri Ȃε naani ni tila k'a la.
3. O kǤ i bε barada sigi tasuma kan. I b'a wuli miniti bisaba kǤnǤ.
4. Tuma kelen kelen, i b'a jigin ka teji kε barada wεrε kǤnǤ.
5. O kǤ, i bε sukaro k'a la. I bε sǤrǤ k'a suuru wεriw kǤnǤ walasa ka sukaro yelen teji la.
6. O kǤ, i b'a nεnε ni sukaro y'a bǤ. I bε teji yεlεma barada kǤnǤ tuguni.
7. I b'a kalaya dǤǤni.
8. MǤgǤ caman bε teji dǤ to wεri kelen kǤnǤ walasa ka musi dila n'o ye wεri tǤw kǤnǤ.
9. I bε tila ka wεriw kǤ sananko.
10. Te mana kalaya dǤǤni, i b'a tila wεriw ni ȂǤgǤn cε k'a di mǤgǤw ma.
11. Segin bε kε ni kan fo siȂε saba.
12. SiȂε fila tǤw la i bε se ka nanaye k'a la.
13. Temugu ni ji hakε bε yεlεma mǤgǤw hakε kǤsǤn.
SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY
barada
ka x kε y la/kǤnǤ
wεri
ka x suuru
pilato
ka x fifa
furunε
ka x kalaya
finfin/sharibon
ka x sumaya
sukaro
ka x nεnε
te
ka x wuli
nanaye
ka x Ȃaga
hakε
ka x yεlεma
musi/kangaji
tea pot
to put x into y
glass
to pour x
plate
to ventilate x
stove
to heat up
charcoal
to cool
sugar
to taste
tea
to boil
mint
to make x alive
the quantity
to put x in an other recipient
the froth
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ka x sananko
tuma kelen kelen
x Ȃε + nombre
ka x jigin
ka x yelen
ka x tila
to clean x
from time to time
the number of the content of x
to take out of
to dissolve x
to share x
IVIV-
GRAMMAR
•
The action noun
NB: ●
Action Nouns are formed from verbs by adding the suffix li
e.g.:
BajǤw ni kǤbafiniw dilali t’a kǤnǤna fili.
dilali
(to repare… ) -----------
Ka ___ dila
(reparing …)
Verb + li noun
da
dila
taa
fo
weave
repare
go
greet
dali
dilali
taali
foli
weaving
reparing
going
greeting
There are a number of exceptions to this rule wich must be memorized. A few of the most
common are:
kalan
baara
min
baro
sεnε
study
work
drink
converse
grow, farm
•
kalan
baara
min
baro
sεnε
studying
work
drinking
conversing
farming
The agentive noun:
Agentive nouns, that is, nouns that refer to the doers of actions, are formed in Bambara by
compounding the object and the verb and adding the suffix la and it litteraly translates by the "action
doer"
NB: ●
Noun + Verbe + la Noun
Vkε + la Noun
e.g:
geseda
baarakε
sεnεkε
mǤnnikε
weave thread
do work
do farming
do fishing
gesedala
baarakεla
sεnεkεla
mǤnnikεla
weaver
worker
farmer
fisherman
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V-
EXERCISES
•
Translate into Bambara.
1- We cannot make tea.
__________________________________________________
2- Gardening is beneficial.
__________________________________________________
3- I am going to work with my village women’s association.
__________________________________________________
4- We must work well with our villagers.
__________________________________________________
5- I am going to help merchants to improve their business.
__________________________________________________
6- I will start with knowing my village labor, then I will start working.
__________________________________________________
7- Some volunteers do good jobs.
__________________________________________________
8- We are going to help with environment protection.
__________________________________________________
9- Our job is not to give money to people, but we are going to help them with the
country development works.
___________________________________________________
•
Complete the following chart according to the PCV’s profile.
PROGRAM
PROFESSION
Environment (AG/NRM)
JOB DESCRIPTION
-A bε yirishεn foro labεn
-A bε yiri turu
-A bε yiriw lakana
-
Small Enterprises Development
(SED)
Education
EkǤli karamǤgǤ
Health Education
Water Resources
Management (WRM)
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•
Complete the following sentences according to the image
1. Samba ye ____________ ye. A bε wolo baara ka ________ ni ______ dila. A bε _____
tigε, k’a kala, k’a nǤrǤ.
2. ____________ Kante bε nεgε baara ka ______ ni __________ ni jelekisε dila. A b’u
kalaw dila ni _____ ye. I ka nεgεmafεn o fεn mana tiȂε, a bε se k’o labεn.
3. Bozo Mama ye ____________ ye. MǤnnikεla dǤw ye sǤmǤnǤw ye. U bε ____ mǤn ni
___ ye. A mana jεgεw ______, a muso bε taa u feere sugu la. Tuma ni tuma, a bε tilen
a ka ______ kǤnǤ baji kan.
4. Alu bε gese ___ ni _____ ye. A bε se fini cεȂiw dali la. BajǤw ni kǤbafiniw ____ t’a
kǤnǤna fili.
5. Musajan bε _____________ labεn i n’a fǤ: mobiliw, _______ ani ______. Olu ______ t’a
kamana gan. A hakili sigilen don. A ka _______ ka Ȃi. A tε dεsε ________ la.
•
Describe the work you will do as a volunteer by starting it in a three
month Action Plan.
•
Give the advantages and disadvantages of your work.
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TDA
•
•
Demonstrate one of your aptitudes to someone in your host family.
Interview some resource persons in your training site to identify:
•
The name of the different chiefs who followed another village.
• Interview some resource persons in your training site to identify development
partners that heled with:
•
•
•
•
•
SELF EVALUATION
•
•
The fundamental school/the community school;
The health center;
The community well or pump;
The community garden;
The millet grinder, etc.
I can:
Explain in detail my work to another person: yes___ not yet_____
Explain in detail one specific activity related to my technical sector: yes___ not yet_____
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Communicative Task: SIGIYǤRǤ KUNNAFONNIW
GETTING INFORMED ABOUT ONE’S AREA
Objectives:
1. Without help, each trainee will be able to ask appropriately, at least, three (3)
questions to get informed about his/her site.
2. Each trainee will be able to interview, at least, two (2) resource persons in
order to list NGOs and development partners working in his/her commune.
Cultural Notes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
People scrupulously respect customs and taboos in Mali.
People don’t appreciate much curiosity.
People don’t always give clear answers to questions related to taboos.
To get informed about the area, it is better to ask older people.
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I-
DIALOG
Musa:
John:
Musa:
John:
Musa:
John:
Musa:
John:
Musa:
John:
Musa:
John:
Eh! John, i ni faama!
Musa, i ni waati. I bε di?
Alhamudulilayi! I bε dugu jumεn na sisan?
N sigilen don Jitumu mara la, Keleya kεrεfε.
Keleya lamini duguw ye dugu kǤrǤw ye.
TiȂε don! Dugutigi ko: ale ka dugu in tutigε tuma mεnna kǤsεbε.
Dugu in sigira ka kǤn Tubabu fanga Ȃε.
Ha! O ye dugu kǤrǤ ye. Siya jumεnw bε yen?
Siya caman. Bamananw ka ca ni siya tǤw ye Jitumu mara kǤnǤ. Fulaw ni
Maninkaw fana sigilen bε yen
yen. Siginfεw bε sǤrǤ yen, i n’a fǤ Korokow, Marakaw, KǤrǤbǤrǤw, DongǤnǤw ani
siya wεrεw.
O ye siya caman ye. I ye yen mǤgǤya kεcogo bεε faamu ka ban?
DǤǤni dǤǤni. Nka yirikurun mεn o mεn ji la, a tε kε bama ye. N bε ka ladaw ni
korǤw ȂεȂinin.
Ayiwa! O de ka Ȃi. Ala k'i dεmε.
Amiina! K'an bεn!
Safety and Security Notes:
Before undertaking any activity, ask about the myths and traditions of the
area.
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IIII-
VOCABULARY
LADAW NI KOKǤRǤW
ladaw
kokǤrǤw
furu
tana
silamε furusiri
dasiri
furu nafolo
sǤnni
kǤȂǤn
sǤnnikεyǤrǤ
kǤȂǤn so
seli
denkundi
seliba
bolokoli
selincini
saya/banni
sunkalo
dinε
silamε dinε
kerecεn dinε
customs
traditions
marriage
taboo
religious wedding
totem
dowry
sacrifice
wedding
place for sacrifice
nuptial chamber/honey moon
feast
baptism
Tabaski
circonscision/excision
Ramadan feast
death
fasting month
religion
Islam
Christianity
SIYAW
bamanan
bǤbǤ
kǤrǤbǤrǤ
maninka
miniyanka
burudamε
ETHNIC GROUPS
maraka
bozo
suraka.
fula
kadǤ
senufo
kasǤnka
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NB: ●
You can meet all the ethnic groups every where in Mali. But there is a concentration of some ethnic
groups in certain regions such as:
REGIONS
LAST NAME
ETHNIC GROUPS
OCCUPATIONS
OBSERVATION
Sarakollé/Maraka
Khassonké/Kasonkha
Malinké/Maninka
Peulh/Foulani
Maure/Suraka
Soumaré/Diawara/Doucouré/Silla/Konté
Sakho/Gassama/Sissoko/Kanté/Diakité
Diallo/Sakiliba/Keita/Camara/Konaté
Konaré/Sissoko/Diallo/Diakité/Sidibé
Sangaré/Bah/Ould
Trade/Agriculture
Animal rising/Fishing
Craft
Sedentary
Immigration
Semi-nomad
Bambara/Bamanan
Malinké/Maninka
Somono/Bozo
Maure/Souraka
Coulibaly/Diarra/Traoré/Koné/Mariko
Keita/Camara/Konaté/Konaré/Doumbia
Diabenta/Dienta/Djiré/Karabenta
Ould/
Trade/Agriculture
Animal rising/Fishing
Craft
Sedentary
Immigration
Semi-nomad
Senoufo
Minianka
Bamba/Coulibaly/Sanogo/Bagayogo
WonogoCoulibaly/Cissouma/Bengaly
Dembélé/Wattara
Diallo/Diakité/Sidibé/Sangaré/Bah
Trade/Agriculture
Animal rising
Craft
Sedentary
Bambara/Bamanan
Peulh/Foulani
Bozo/Somono
Bobo/Bowa
Coulibaly/Diarra/Traoré/Koné/Mariko
Diallo/Diakité/Sidibé/Sangaré/Bah
Diabenta/Dienta/Djiré/Karabenta
Kamata/Sinanta/Dembélé/Kwéné/Dakouo
Dakono/Kamaté
Trade/Agriculture
Animal rising/Fishing
Craft
Sedentary
Nomad
Semi-nomad
MOPTI
Peulh/foulani
Bozo
Dogon
Diallo/Diakité/Sidibé/Sangaré/Bah
Diabenta/Dienta/Djiré/Karabenta/Kamata
Guindo/Tapily/DoloOuologuem/Angoiba
Tembely/Timbiné
Trade/Agriculture
Animal rising/Fishing
Craft
Sedentary
Nomad
Semi-nomad
TOMBUKTU
Sonraï/KǤrǤbǤrǤ
Touareg/Arabe
Maure
Maïga/Touré/Cissé/Askofaré….
Ag /Ben /Ould
Trade/Agriculture
Animal rising/Fishing
Craft
Sedentary
Nomad
Semi-nomad
GAO
Sonraï/KǤrǤbǤrǤ
Touareg/Arabe
Maure
Maïga/Touré/Cissé/Askofaré….
Ag /Ben /Ould
Trade/Agriculture
Animal rising/Fishing
Craft
Sedentary
Nomad
Semi-nomad
KIDAL
Sonraï/KǤrǤbǤrǤ
Touareg/Arabe
Maure
Maïga/Touré/Cissé/Askofaré….
Ag /Ben /Ould
Trade/Gardening
Animal rising/Fishing
Craft
Sedentary
Nomad
Semi-nomad
KAYES
KOULIKORO
SIKASSO
Peulh/foulani
SEGOU
Sarakollé and Sonraï
Malinké and Sarakollé
etc.
Coulibaly and Traoré/Dembélé…
Joking cousin:
Bozo and Dogon
Peulh and Dogon
Coulibaly, Diarra and Traoré
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IIIIII-
GRAMMAR
•
NB: ●
Comparative construction
Comparative constructions can be formed in Bambara with the postpositional phrases according to the
following patterns.
1. Equality
X ni Y ye kelen ye
Mali ladaw ni Ameriki ladaw ye kelen ye wa ?
Are Malian and American customs the same?
X ni Y tε kelen ye
Mali ladaw ni Ameriki ladaw tε kelen ye.
Malian customs and American customs are not the same.
X ni Y ka kan
Bamanankan ni julakan ka kan dǤǤni.
Bamanan and Jula are a bit similar (the same).
X ni Y man kan
Bamanan ladaw ni fula ladaw man kan.
Bambara customs and fulani ones are not the same.
2. Superiority
X ka + Adj + ni Y ye
Maninkakan ka kǤrǤ ni bamanankan ye.
The Malinke language is older than the Bambara language.
3. Inferiority
X man + Adj + ni Y ye
Fulakan man nǤgǤn ni Bamanankan ye.
The Fulfulde language is not easier than Bambara language.
4. Look alike/the same
X ni Y bǤlen don/bε/tε
Amadu ni a denw bǤlen don
Amadou and his children look alike.
X bǤlen don/tε Y fε
Farafina kokǤrǤ dǤw bǤlen don Ameriki ta dǤw fε.
Some African customs look like some American ones.
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IVIV-
EXERCISES
•
Answer the following questions:
1. Furusiri bε kε cogodi Mali la?
2. Furu ladaw ye mun ye?
3. Mun bε kε furusiri don Ameriki?
4. Munna musow tε furu jǤǤna Ameriki?
5. Munna muso caman furu dagalen tε Ameriki?
6. Mun ye furusa caya Ameriki?
TDA
•
SELF EVALUATION
•
Go to the chief of the village to find out information about:
•
•
•
The village creation;
Its population
People’s activities.
I can:
ask appropriately, questions to get informed about my site: yes___ not yet_____
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Communicative Task: JAMA HAKILI JAKABǤ
LEADING A COMMUNITY MEETING
Objectives:
1. Each trainee will be able to use, at least, three (3) expressions to ask for the
audience’s patience during a real meeting.
2. Without help, each trainee will be able to, at least, three (3) appropriate
expressions to introduce (open) or to end (close) a meeting in his/her
community.
3. Each trainee will be able to ask two (2) questions to get people’s opinions on
the subjects in a real situation.
Cultural Notes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Generally people don’t come on time to meetings.
Generally men and women sit apart and men talk more than women.
In a traditional meeting, the speech goes from elders to youngsters.
In some cases, there is a griot who says loudly what has been said.
Meetings usually happen in the evening or at early night.
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I-
DIALOG
John:
A’ ni wula yankaw, an tilenna hεrε la, Ala k’an si hεrε la.
Jeliba:
Nba! A ni wula, aw bisimila! A ye dǤ di.
John:
Saha! An ma na baasi la, an ye Saniya baarakεlaw ye.
An nana walasa an bε se ka hakilina falen falen dugu saniya cogo kan.
Jeliba:
Dugutigi, ayiwa kuma tε! U ko, k’u nana k’an dεmε ka dugu saniya.
Dugutigi:
Jeliba, a fǤ dunanw ye: k’u nali diyar’an ye. K’u bisimila!
John:
Gεlεya jumεn bε yan saniyako la?
Amadu:
Ne bε kuma Ȃinin.
Jeliba:
Kuma b’i bolo, Amadu.
Amadu:
Ne hakili la, Ȃaman ani jinǤgǤko gεlεya de b’an kan bi.
John:
Kuma Ȃεna! Aw hakili la fεrε jumεnw bε se ka sǤrǤ olu la?
(makan caman….)
Jeliba:
A ye hakεto, an ka ȂǤgǤn lamεn!
Bakari:
Baasi tε, ne hakili la, ni bεε bε se ka taa Ȃaman bǤn dugu kǤfε yǤrǤ kelen na,
o bε fisaya. Ani fana, an k’an hakili to ji saniyali la.
John:
Yankaw, anw hakili la, bεε ye famuya sǤrǤ tǤnsigi in kǤnǤ.
Aw ni ce, aw ni baraji! Ala k’an bεn a ȂǤgǤn wεrε ma. Sisan an b’a fε ka sira
Ȃinin.
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IIII-
VOCABULARY
•
To welcome:
aw bisimila!
dǤ di/dǤ fǤ
kuma b’i bolo
aw nali diyara anw ye.
•
To ask for the speech:
ne bε kuma Ȃinin jama fε
kuma ka gεlεn
n’i donna min gasi la, o ka yafa n ma
anw ma na baasi la
juguma tε
Ala sago, aw sago
•
To approve/to agree with someone:
hatε!
naamu! tiȂε!
a’ ma kuma mεn!
a’ ma kǤrǤfǤ mεn!
•
To remind people to be quiet:
aw ye hakεto!
aw ye sabali!
aw ye ȂǤgǤn lamεn!
Ala k’an son sabali la!
n bε yafa Ȃinin jama fε.
•
To take a leave:
n b’a fε ka sira Ȃinin.
•
To think the audience:
aw ni ce! aw ni baraji!
Ala k’aw sara!
Ala k’an to ȂǤgǤn ye!
Ala k’an kafolen to!
Ala k’an Ȃε k’a d’anw ma!
Ala k’an bεn a ȂǤgǤn wεrε ma.
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IIIIII-
GRAMMAR
•
The demonstrative adjective nin
NB: ●
The demonstrative nin can occur both before and after the noun it modifies:
e.g:
nin cε…
cε nin…
●
e.g:
this man…
this man…
When following the noun, nin can always have the reduced form:
nin cε in…
cε in…
•
this man…
this man…
The relative pronoun min
Bambara has only one relative pronoun min which corresponds to who, which, that,
whose in English.
NB: ●
1. In subject position (Relative clause)
e.g:
Jon ye fini san?
Cε min taara.
Who bought the cloth?
The man who left.
Cε min taara, o ye fini san.
The man who left, (he) bought the cloth.
Cε min nana surafana dun, o ye n terikε ye.
The man who came to dinner, that one is my friend.
The man who came to dinner is my friend.
NB: ● In the main sentence, the demonstrative pronoun o is used to refer back to the noun followed by the
relative clause marker min.
2. In object position (Relative clause)
e.g:
N bε cε min fo …
The man whom I greet …
3. In adverbial phrases
NB: ● Adverbial phrases such as those of place, time, and manner can contain relative clauses, equivalent to
sentences such as the following:
e.g: I tun bε yǤrǤ min, ne tun bε yen. I was at the place that you were/I was where you
were.
I tun bε yen tuma min, ne tun bε yen o tuma. I was there when you were there.
I y’a kε cogo min, n y’a kε ten.
I did it in the way that you did it.
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IVIV-
EXERCISES
•
Look for the meaning of this proverb: “I dege mǤnni na, o ka fisa ni don
go don jεgε deli ye.”
And try to convince your LCF that a true development is not synonymous of
gift.
SELF EVALUATION
•
•
I can:
ask questions to get people’s opinions on the subjects in a real situation: yes__ not yet__
Express my point of view to someone: yes___ not yet___
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Grammatical Notes: KǤBILAW
SUFFIX
NSANA
PROVERB
BoloŋǤnnin kelen tε se ka bεlε ta!
Look for the meaning of this proverb and try to use it appropriately
•
The suffix lan
lan is a suffix that can be placed on a verb to derive the instrument that performs the
action described by the verb. If the verb ends with a nasalized consonant or vowel, this siffix
becomes nan.
NB: ●
e.g:
sigi
tigε
min
to seat/sit (down)
to cut
to drink
•
sigilan
tigεlan
jiminnan
a chair
cutter
water drinker
The suffix ntan (without the property of…) ≠ ma (having the property
of…)
NB: ●
ntan is a suffix equivalent to –less or without in English.
ma acts much like the suffix –y in English.
e.g:
warintan
denntan
kunntan
kǤkǤma
sukaroma
nǤnǤma
moneyless
childless
headless
•
salty
sugary
milky
The suffix ta
NB: ● ta is a suffix added to verbs which is equivalent to –able in English; that is the thing in
question is subject to or able to undergo the action of the verb.
e.g:
san
dun
min
to buy
to eat
to drink
•
santa
dunta
minta
buyable (to sale)
edible
drinkable
The suffix bali
bali is a suffix added to verbs which is equivalent to un…able in English; that is the
thing in question is not subject to or able to undergo the action of the verb.
NB: ●
e.g:
jaabi
malo
dun
to answer
to be ashmed
to eat
jaabibali
malobali
dunbali
unanswered
unashamed
inedible
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•
The suffix ka
ka/kaw is a suffix which can be added to all nouns of place to express the meaning
person of/from…, people of….
NB: ●
e.g:
Bamakokaw
yanka
•
people of Bamako
person from here
The suffix ya
The adjective plus ya is in most cases the same form that is used for the noun
counterparts of the adjectival verb. This is the form that is used to characterize, for example,
abstract qualities like:
NB: ●
e.g:
bilenya
nalomaya
redness
stupidity
goniya
sumaya
heat
slowness
When functioning as active verbs, some adjectives do not require ya
The following chart lits the adjectival verbs and the active verbal and niminal
counterparts:
Adjective
ca
di
bon
jan
jugu
jε
fin
girin
gεlεn
kεnε
kǤrǤ
kumu
Ȃi
dǤgǤn
misεn
timi
etc…
Verb
ka (__) caya
ka (__) diya
ka (__) bonya
ka (__) janya
ka (__) juguya
ka (__) jεya/jε
ka (__) finya/fin
ka (__) girinya
ka (__) gεlεya
ka (__) kεnεya
ka (__) kǤrǤ
ka (__) kumu
ka (__) Ȃε
ka (__) dǤgǤya
ka (__) misεya
ka (__) timiya
Noun
caya
diya
bonya
janya
juguya
jεya
finya
girinya
gεlεya
kεnεya
kǤrǤya
kumuya
Ȃumanya
dǤgǤya
misεya
timiya
ya is a suffix which functions to create abstract nouns. It is equivalent to –ness or hood
in English.
NB: ●
e.g:
●
e.g:
cεya
manliness
denya
childhood
ya can also be added to noun-adjective combinations:
tulogεlεnya stubbornness
cεkolonya
cowardice
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Grammatical Notes: ȂεBILAW
PREFIX
NSANA
PROVERB
Ȃininkalikεla tε fili!
Look for the meaning of this proverb and try to use it appropriately
•
The prefix la
In Bambara any verb can take the prefix la, giving the verb a causative or indirect
agency meaning:
NB: ●
e.g:
A ye kalanden lataa
He/she caused the trainee to go./He/she had the trainee go.
Many verbs, however, have developed specialized meanings in the causative which
cannot be predicted as the sum of their parts.
●
e.g:
ka _ mεn
ka _ dege
ka _ minε
ka _ bεn
to hear
to teach
to take
to meet
ka _ lamεn
ka _ ladege
ka _ laminε
ka _ labεn
to listen
to imitate
to answer
to prepare
In these cases, the verb forms with la have to be learned as if they were not at all related
to other verb forms.
●
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Communicative Task: FOLI - MǤGǤ Ȃε JIRA MǤGǤ WεRε LA –
FOLI BILA
GREETING – INTRODUCING ONESELF – SAYING GOOBYE
NSANA
PROVERB
DǤǤnin-dǤǤnin kǤnǤnin b’a Ȃaga da!
Look for the meaning of this proverb and try to use it appropriately
DIALOG
Amadu:
I ni sǤgǤma, n balimamuso!
Good morning sister!
Sali:
Nse, i ni sǤgǤma, n balimakε! Hεrε sira?
Good morning, brother! Did you spend the night in peace?
Amadu:
Hεrε dǤrǤn! I ka kεnε?
Only in peace! How are you?
Sali:
TǤǤrǤ tε! I tǤgǤ?
I’m fine! What’s your name?
Amadu:
N tǤgǤ Amadu Jara. E dun?
My name is Amadu Jara. And you?
Sali:
N tǤgǤ Sali Tarawele. I Jara!
My name is Sali Tarawele. Jara!
Amadu:
Nba! Tarawele muso, i bε bǤ min?
Nba! Tarawele. Where are you from?
Sali:
N bε bǤ Segu. Jarakε, i fana bε bǤ Segu?
I’m from Segou. Jara, are you from Segou too?
Amadu:
Eh, ayi! N bε bǤ yan.
Euh, No! I’m from here.
Sali:
O ka Ȃi! Ala ka tile hεrε caya!
That’s good! May you have a peaceful day!
Amadu:
Amiina! K’an b’u fo!
Amen! Say hi to them!
Sali:
U n’a mεn!
They will hear it !
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Communicative Task: SANNI
SHOPPING
NSANA
PROVERB
Ni sugufiyε girinna, bεε bolo b’i kunna minan na!
Look for the meaning of this proverb and try to use it appropriately
DIALOG
Samba:
Kiliyan! Kiliyan! Na yan! Bagi Ȃumanw bε yan!
Customer! Customer! Come here! There are good fabrics here!
Amadu:
I ni sǤgǤma! N bε bagi Ȃumanw fε, nka da duman!
Good morning! I want good fabrics but cheap!
Samba:
Amadu:
Ola, i sera a yǤrǤ la. Ne ka bagiw bεε da ka nǤgǤn. U lajε.
Then, you are at the right place. All my fabrics are cheap. Look at them.
Nin mεtiri joli ye?
How much is the meter?
Samba:
N b’o da diya i la! O mεtiri ye kεmε saba ni bi duuru ye.
I give you a good price! The meter is one thousand and seven hundred and fifty.
KǤmi e don, barika
I can reduce it for you.
Amadu:
b’a la
Ayiwa! A barika, caman bǤ a la.
Ok! Reduce it, reduce a lot.
Samba:
A ka Ȃi forokiya la. I b’a san joli?
It’s good for a bubu. How much do you buy it?
Amadu:
A to kεmε fila la. N bε mεtiri wǤǤrǤ san.
Give it at two thousand. I buy six meters.
Samba:
A kari kari ye kεmε saba. Nka, i bε se ka kεmε fila ni bi duuru sara.
The last price is one thousand and five hundred. But you can pay one thousand
and two hundred and fifty.
Amadu:
I ni ce! Mεtiri wǤǤrǤ ye wa fila ni dǤrǤmε kεmε ye. Hon! warimisεn segin.
Thank you! The six meters are ten thousand and five hundred. Take it! Give back the change.
Samba:
Fini ni warimisεn filε. I kεnε k’a kǤrǤ!
Here are the fabrics and the change. May you feel good when it gets older.
Amadu:
Amiina! Ka sugu diya!
Amen! May you sell out!
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Communicative Task: YǤRǤW TAMASERECOGO
ASKING/GIVING DIRECTIONS
NSANA
PROVERB
Sen kelen tε sira bǤ!
Look for the meaning of this proverb and try to use it appropriately
DIALOG
Umaru:
A’ ni sǤgǤma!
Good morning!
Amadu:
Nba, a’ ni sǤgǤma! DǤ di!
Good morning! Say something!
Umaru:
Baasi tε! A’ bε hakε to! N bε dugutigi ka so de Ȃinin.
Nothing bad! Excuse me! I’m looking for the chief’s house.
Amadu:
Dutigi ka so bε an kεrεfε, n bε se ka taa ȂǤgǤn fε.
Chief’s house is next to us, we can go together.
Umaru:
I ni ce! A sira ȂεfǤ n ye, n yεrε kelen bε se ka taa.
Thanks! Tell me where the road is, I can go by my own.
Amadu:
Ayiwa! I tilen nin sira kelen in fε. I bε kare saba tεmεn,o kǤ, fara i numan fε.
Ok! Go straight on this same road. Pass three streets, then turn left.
Da naaninan don i kini fε. Mangorosunba bε soda la.
It is the fourth door on your right. There is a big mango tree at the door.
Umaru:
I ni baraji! K’an bεn!
Thank you! See you!
Amadu:
K’an bε! Ka se ni i Ȃuman ye!
See you! May you get there in peace!
Umaru:
Amiina!
Amen!
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Communicative Task: MǤGǤ NI FεNW TAMASERE COGO
DESCRIBING A PERSON, AN OBJECT AND A PLACE
NSANA
PROVERB
Don go don tulo bε taa kalanso!
Look for the meaning of this proverb and try to use it appropriately
TEXT
Nin muso in man jan, a man surun. A Ȃεkisεw ka kunba, a Ȃinw jεlen don.
A cεkaȂi. A nison ka di tuma bεε. MǤgǤ sεbε don.
This woman is not tall, she is not short. Her eyes are big, her teeth are white.
She is beautiful. She is always happy. She is a good person.
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Communicative Task: FARIKOLO LAHALAW
DESCRIBING ONE’S MENTAL AND PHYSICAL STATE
NSANA
PROVERB
Bana kunbεn ka fisa ni bana furakεli ye!
Look for the meaning of this proverb and try to use it appropriately
DIALOG
1Fanta: I ni sǤgǤma, Bakari. I nisǤn man di, mun b'i la?
Good morning, Bakari. You are not happy. What’s wrong?
Bakari: N fari man di n na.
I am not feeling well.
Fanta: I yǤrǤ jumεn b'i dimi?
Which part of your body hurts you?
Bakari: N Ȃin de bε n dimi kojugu bi.
My tooth hurts me so badly.
Fanta: I ye fura ta wa?
Did you take medecine?
Bakari: Ayi, n bεna taa dǤgǤtǤrǤso la.
No, I am going to the hospital.
Fanta: Ala ka nǤgǤyakε, k'a ban pewu!
May you feel bether and you entirely recovered.
Bakari: Amiina. Ala ka dugaw minε.
Amen. May God accept the blessings.
Fanta: Amiina.
Amen!
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2Fanta: I ni sǤgǤma, Bakari. Munna an m’i ye surǤ?
Good morning , bakari. Why didn’t we see you last night?
Bakari: N tun man kεnε.
I was sick.
Fanta: Ee! Mun tun b’i la?
He! What was wrong with you?
Bakari: N kungolo ye n dimi kojugu kunun wulada.
I had a bad headach yesterday afternoon.
Sufε, n ma se ka sunǤgǤ, n fari bεε tun ka kalan.
At night, I couldn’t sleep, my body was hirting me.
Fanta: O bε sǤrǤ sumaya ye dε?
That might be malaria.
Bakari: N hakili la, a bε sǤrǤ o ye. N bεna taa dǤgǤtǤrǤso la.
I think that’s it. I shall go to the hospital.
Fanta: I ka kan k’i yεrε tanga susuw ma.
You should prevent yourself against mousquitos.
Bakari: TiȂε! N bεna sange sulen damadǤ Ȃinin n ka denbaya ye.
That’s true! I’ll look for some treated mosquito nets for my family.
Ola, sumaya ni bana misεnw tεna an tǤǤrǤ.
Then we won’t have any problem with sicknesses.
Fanta: Ala ka nǤgǤyakε, ka tǤǤrǤ dǤgǤya!
May you feel better!
Bakari: Amiina. Ala ka dugaw minε.
Amen. May God accept the blessings.
Fanta: Amiina.
Amen.
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Communicative Task: DELINAKOW
TALKING ABOUT DAILY ACTIVITIES
NSANA
PROVERB
Dugu bila ka fisa lada wuli ye!
Look for the meaning of this proverb and try to use it appropriately
TEXT
Musow ka baara dugumisεnw kǤnǤ.
Dugumisεnw kǤnǤ, musow ka baara ka ca. U bε wuli kabini fajiri. U bε fǤlǤ ka ji bǤ kǤlǤn
na. U bε tasuma mεnε ka koliji kalaya. U bε yǤrǤw furan ka sǤro ka daraka tobi. Daraka mana
dun, u bε minan nǤgǤw ko. U bε susulikε, u bε fini nǤgǤw ko, u bε denw ladon.
Mali dugumisεn musow sεgεnnen!
Women’s job/work in small villages.
In small villages, women’s have lot of works. They wake up (early) since dawn. First of all they take
water from the well. They make fire to heat washing water. They sweep places and then cook the breakfast. After
the breakfast, they wash dishes. They pound, wash laundries, they take care of kids.
In small villages women are tired!
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Communicative Task: TAAMAW
TALKING ABOUT TRAVELING
NSANA
PROVERB
CεkǤrǤba san tan bulon kǤnǤ,
Denmisεnnin san tan jamana kǤnǤ,
Olu de bε se ka barokε!
Look for the meaning of this proverb and try to use it appropriately
I-
TEXT:
1. Taamaw
Mali mǤgǤw bε taama kǤsǤbε duniya kǤnǤ. U bε taa yǤrǤ caman na. I b’u sǤrǤ Farafinna
jamanaw bεε la. Mali denmisεnw bε taama farajεla jamanaw fana kǤnǤ.
Mali kǤnǤ, mǤgǤw ka taama ka suma, barisa siraw man Ȃin. Bolimafεnw man ca, ani u tε
se ka taa yǤrǤ bεε. TogodamǤgǤw bε bǤ dugu ni dugu u sen na, nεgεsow la, wotorow la, wala
bagaw kan i n’a fǤ: faliw, sow, misiw, ȂǤgǤmεw.
MǤgǤw bε bato ta Kulikoro ni Gao cε, sisikuru bε bǤ Bamako fo kayes.
Trips/travels
Malians travel a lot in the world. They go to many places. You find them in all the countries in Africa. The
young Malian people also travel in to European countries.
In Mali, people travel rarely, because roads are bad. There are not enough means of transportation, and
they can’t go everywhere. Villagers go from village to village on foot, by bikes, by donkey cars, or by animals like:
donkeys, horses, cows, and camels.
People take boat in between Koulikoro and Gao, train leaves Bamako for Kayes.
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2. Sirakoro taama
Ne sera Sirakoro ntεnεn don, uti kalo tile mugan ni segin san ba fila ni wǤrǤ
Mobili donna dugu kǤnǤ ka bεn ni fitiri ye, o y’a sǤrǤ san nana. An taara dugutigi ka so. A y’an
bisimila koȂuman.
An sira, dugu jεlen an sǤrǤla ka taa dugu maabaw caman fo (Perefe dankan, Mεri,
DǤgǤtǤrǤ kuntigi, Muso kuntigi, Alimami, Pasitεri, cεmisεn kuntigi, ani n ka karamǤgǤ).
Wula fε, dugutigi ni a ka kǤnseyew y’an bisimila a ka so. An y’an nali kun fǤ u ye. A diyara u
ye kosεbε, u ko an k’an bisimila.
O kǤfε ne ni n ka karamǤgǤ ye kalan daminε. Aa! Sisan kǤni, ne ye bamanankan caman faamu.
Alamisa don, uti kalo tile bisaba ni kelen, sǤgǤma dizεri waati, dugu musow bεε ni
jenbe nana ka donkε n jatigiyala, ka ne fo. An ye donkε kosεbε.
JǤn ko allah, Sirakoro ka di!!!
Fox Emily
The trip to Sirakoro
I got to Sirakoro on Monday, on august 28th 2006. When the car got into the village it was sun set, it
rained. We went to the chiefs’ house. He welcomed us well.
We spent the night, and in the next morning we went to greet the village many important people (Sousprefet, mayor, the health center leader, woman leader, the imam, the pastor, youth president, and our teacher.)
In the afternoon, the village chief and his counselors welcomed us in his house. We told them the reason of our
visit. They liked it and gave us sit.
After that my tutor and I started learning. Ha! Now I understand lot of Bambara.
On Thursday, august 31st, all the women came in to my host family with drums and danced in the
morning around 10 am just to greet me. We dance a lot.
Truly, Sirakoro is good!!!
Fox Emily
IIII-
DIALOG
dǤgǤkun kelen taama
A week trip
A:
N nana n sara i la, n bεna taa dǤgǤkun kelen taama na sini.
I inform you, I’m going to a week trip tomorrow.
B:
Eh! Sini ? Ayiwa, ka taa ka segin nǤgǤya.
He! Tomorrow? Ok! May you go and come back in peace.
A:
A miina, ka ȂǤgǤn ye nǤgǤya, ka hεrε fǤ n kǤ.
Amen, may we see each other, may you have peace after me.
B:
k’an b’u fo! Ka segin n’i Ȃuman ye. I k’an sama. I delila ka se yen wa?
Say hi to them! May you come back in peace. Bring me something. Have you been there before?
A:
Ayi, n ma se yen fǤlǤ. Ni alah sǤnna, n bεna aw sama.
No, I haven’t yet. I’ll bring you something, god willing.
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Communicative Task: DUMUNIW
TALKING ABOUT MEALS
NSANA
PROVERB
BǤrε lakolon tε jǤ!
Look for the meaning of this proverb and try to use it appropriately
I-
TEXT
Dumuniw ani dumunikεyǤrǤ ladaw.
Mali ka bon, a siyaw fana ka ca. O n’a ta o ta, siyaw ka dumuniw n’u ka dumuniyǤrǤ
ladaw man jan ȂǤgǤn na kosεbε. Mali siyaw caman bε to, basi, dεgε, mǤni, seri, samε ani
malokini dun. U bεε bε dumuni kε siȂε saba tile kǤnǤ: daraka, tilelafana ani surafana. Musow
ni cεw tε dumunikε ȂǤgǤn fε yǤrǤ caman na Mali la. Cεw wali musow bε dumunikε ȂǤgǤn fε
minεn kelen kǤnǤ. Danfara dǤw bε siyaw ni ȂǤgǤn cε. Bamananw bε seri sukarotan walima
tosira kε daraka ye. Bamannanw fana ka surafana n’u ka tilelafana caman ye to ye. Malokini bε
tobi nisǤndiya donw dǤrǤn. KǤrǤbǤrǤw bε furufuru kε daraka ye. U caman ka tilelafana ni
surafana ye malokini ye. Basi ka di marakaw ye kǤsǤbε. Siyaw dǤw bε barika da dumuni kǤfε
nka dǤw t’a da.
DumuniyǤrǤ ye kalansoba ye Mali la.
Food and eating places customs
Mali is big; there are lot of ethnic groups. Despite that, ethnic groups eating places customs are not so
different. Most of the ethnic groups eat tô, couscous, dègè, porridge (rice – millet), and rice. They all eat three
times a day: breakfast, lunch and dinner. In most of places in Mali, men and women don’t eat together. Men or
women eat together in the same common bowl. There are some differences between the ethnic groups. Bambara
have rice porridge or the last night left over for breakfast. They also have tô for lunch and dinner. Rice is cooked
only during feasts. Sonrhaï people eat cakes for breakfast. Most of them have rice for lunch and dinner. Soninke
people like couscous. Some ethnic groups thank after meals but some don’t.
Eating-places are great schools in Mali.
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Tamatina dilancogo
How to make tomato sauce
Dilannifεw/Ingredients
○ tamati mǤnenba
○ tigatulu
riped tomatoes
peanut oil
○ jabakεnε
○ kǤgǤ
onion
○ ji
salt
water
Dilanniminεw/tools
○ barama/fugantasa
cooking pot/bowl
○ furunε
stove
○ finfin
charcoal
○ kutu ○ muru
spoon
knife
Dilancogo/how to make
1- Finfin kε furunε kǤnǤ, tasuma kε finfin na. A fifa.
Make fire with the charcoal in the stove.
2- Ni tasuma kamina, barama wala kasilǤri sigi tasuma kan. Ji dǤ k’a kǤnǤ.
Put some water in the pot and put it on the fire.
3- I tεgε ko k’a jε. Tamati ni jaba ko k’u jε.
Wash your hands, the tomatoes and the onions.
4- Tamati kε ji kalaman na. U kelen kelen ta, u fara b’u la.
Put the tomatoes in the boiling water and shell them one by one.
5- U bila tasa jεlen dǤ kǤnǤ. U nǤǤni.
Make paste with the tomatoes in a clean bowl.
6- Barama sigi tasuma kan tuguni. Tulu hakε min bε bεn i ka tamati ma, o kε barama kǤnǤ.
Put your cooking pot on fire and put the quantity of oil you need according to the quantity of
your tomato paste.
7- Tulu mana kalaya, tamati dǤǤni dǤǤni kε tulu la. To ka kutu kε k’a lamaga.
When the oil in boiling add the tomato paste little by little and with a spoon stir it regularly.
8- Jaba tigε-tigε. A kε tamati na kan.
Cut the onions in small pieces and add them to the tomato paste.
9- kǤgǤ kε tamati na la, dǤǤni dǤǤni. To k’a nεnε.
Then add some salt and taste it.
Duncogo n’a lamaracogo
How to eat and keep it
• Nin tamatina in bε se ka kε sogo jeninen, jεgε jirannen, woso, wala kǤmitεri balabalalen kan, k’u
dun. Waa, a ka di kǤsεbε.
This tomato sauce can be eaten with fried meat and fish or with sweet potato and french fries.
• A lamaracogo man gεlεn. I b’a kε buteli dǤ kǤnǤ ka tulu dǤǤni k’a kan k’a lasago yǤrǤ sumannen na.
It is easy to keep. Put in a clean bottle, add some oil and leave it in a cool place.
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IIII-
DIALOG
Umaru:
I ni sǤgǤma!
Good morning!
Amadu:
Nba. Cε! a kεra di? An m’i ye gεrεn na surǤ dε!
Nba! What happened? We haven’t seen you last night at the grin.
Umaru:
Foyi ma kε! N tun bε furusiridǤn yǤrǤ la. A kεra Ȃεnajεba ye.
Nothing happened. I was at a wedding party. It was such a big party.
Amadu:
A diyara wa?
Was it good?
Umaru:
Amadu:
Kojugu! Dumuni ma kε foyi ye! An y’an kǤnǤ fa ani ka dǤnkε fo ka
A lot! There was a much food! We ate and danced a lot till the next morning.
dugu jε.
Ala ka kε furu ye!
May it be a successful marriage.
Umaru:
Amiina!
Amen!
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Communicative Task: ȂANAJεW
TALKING ABOUT FEASTS AND LEISURE
NSANA
PROVERB
Dunun diya tuma y’a fara tuma ye!
Look for the meaning of this proverb and try to use it appropriately
DIALOG
1.
Umaru:
Amadu:
An ni sǤgǤma!
Good morning!
Nba. Cε! a kεra di? An m’i ye gεrεn na surǤ dε!
Nba! What happened? We haven’t seen you last night at the grin.
Umaru:
TiȂε don. N tun bε furusiridǤn yǤrǤ la. A kεra Ȃanajεba ye.
That’s true. I was at a wedding party. It was such a big party.
Amadu:
A diyara wa?
Was it good?
Umaru:
Kojugu. Jamaba de tun bε yen. An ye dumunikε ani ka dǤnkε fo ka dugu jε.
A lot! There were a lot of people. We ate and danced till the next morning.
Amadu:
FǤlifεn jumεn tun bε yen?
Which instruments were there?
Umaru:
An ye balani dǤn fo k’an sen kari.
We danced xalophone till our legs got broken.
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2.
Jelikε:
An ni su!
Good afternoon (night)
Den-fa:
Nba , aw ni su!
Nba, good afternoon (night)
Jelikε:
Hεrε tilenna wa?
Did you spend a peaceful day?
Den-fa:
Hεrε dǤrǤn.
Only in peace.
Jelikε:
MǤgǤ nakun ka fisa i yεrε ye.
The reason of once’s present is more important than yourself.
N’i ye n wulilen ye ka se yan, juguman tε.
If you sea me here, it’s nothing bad.
A kun ye furu sira ye.
It’s for a wedding process.
Keyitalakaw ye woro tan ni fura siri, k’u Ȃε bǤra aw denmuso Fanta fε.
The Keïtas brought ten cola nuts to ask for our daughter Fanta hand.
U dun t’a ŋaniya ni foyi ye n’u denkε Bakari
They want her to be their son Bakari’s wife.
furumuso tε.
Woro tan filε n’a bε bεn aw ma, o bε diy’an ye kǤsεbε.
Here are the ten cola nuts, if you accept we would appreciate.
Den-fa:
An bε woro minε fǤlǤ. Den bε yan, den baw bε yan.
We first take the cola nuts. The daughter and the moms are here.
N’an y’olu Ȃininka, olu mana jaabi min di,
We’ll ask them and let you know the answer.
an n’o fǤ aw ye.
Nin diyar’an ye, a bεnn’an ma. Hakεto b’o kan.
We do appreciat that, and it honour us.
Jelikε:
Aw Keyita! Ala k’a Ȃεn k’a d’an ma. N bε sira Ȃinin.
Keïta! May God help us. We ask the permission to leave.
Den-fa:
Kuyate! Sira dir’i ma. K’an b’u fo!
Kouyaté! You can go. Say hi to them!
Jelikε:
U n’a mεn! Ka su hεrε d’an ma!
They will hear it! May we have a peaceful night!
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Communicative Task: MǤGǤ WELELI
ACCEPT OR DECLINE AN INVITATION
NSANA
PROVERB
Denmisεnnin min bε yaalabakε, o t’a ba su ye!
Look for the meaning of this proverb and try to use it appropriately
I-
DIALOG
1.
Mamu:
Fanta! i ni fama sa!
Fanta! It’s been a long time!
Fanta:
An bεε ni fama.
It’s been a long time for we all.
Mamu:
I tununna dε!
You got lost!
Fanta:
O kεra! N tun taara dugu la.
That’s true! I was in a trip.
Mamu:
I nani diyara n ye. TiȂε don, n dǤgǤmuso ka furusiri bε kε sibiri don.
It’s a pleasure that you come back. It’s true, my little sister’s wedding is on Saturday.
N’i b’a masǤrǤ, n b’a fε i ka na o la. An bε Ȃanajεba kε wula fε.
If you have time, I want you to come. We’ll have a big party in the afternoon.
Fanta:
Basi tε, ni Ala sǤnna i bεna n ye.
No problem, you’ll see me god willing.
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2.
Umaru:
I ni wula, Susan!
Good afternoon, Susan!
Susan:
Nse! Umaru, hεrε tilenna?
Nse! Umaru, did you have a peaceful day?
Umaru:
N bε Ala tanu! A bε diy’an ye n’i bε se ka n’an ka furusiridǤn yǤrǤ la bi su in na.
I thank God! I would appreciate if you can come to our wedding party to night.
Susan:
Bi su in na! Haa! N tεn'a masǤrǤ.
Tonight! Ha! I won’t hive time.
N bolo degunnen don barisa ȂǤgǤnye kεrεnkεrεnnen dǤ bε bolo.
I am busy because I have a special meeting.
A kεra baara ye. Kana jigin n na. Ala ka siȂε wεrε jir'an na.
That’s tricky. Don’t be mad at me. Next time.
Umaru:
N tεna jigin i la. Ala ka dugawu minε!
I won’t be mad at you. May God accept our blessings
Susan:
Amiina!
Amen!
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Communicative Task: DεMε ȂININ
ASKING FOR HELP
NSANA
PROVERB
Funtinε bε yǤrǤ min, bεnkan tε yen!
Look for the meaning of this proverb and try to use it appropriately
DIALOG
DIALOG
Sarah:
Ee! Mun kεra? N ka nεgεso bila!
He! What’s going on? Leave my bike!
I bε taalen ni n ka nεgεso ye min? A ye son bεn! A' ye n dεmε!
Where are you taking my bike? Thief! Thief! Help me!
Musa:
JǤn kulekan bε yan? Mun y’i sǤrǤ? JǤn donna i kan?
Who is yelling here? What happens to you? Who got in your house?
Sarah:
A’ ye na! A’ ye bǤ! Son taara ni n ka nεgεso ye.
Come over! Come out! The thief took my bike away!
N b'aw deli. A’y’a kunbεn! A’ye Ȃε n ma!
I beg you. Catch him! Help me!
Musa:
I hakili sigi. A tε se ka taa yǤrǤ jan.
Calm down. He cannot go far.
Passant:
Kule dabila n balimamuso. U ye i ka son minε.
Stop yelling my sister. They got your thief.
A ni nεgεso b’u bolo ka na.
They are come with him and your bike.
Sarah:
O ye Ala tanu ye. Aw ni ce! Aw ni baraji!
Thanks to God. Thank you! Thank you very much!
Hakεto! Musa, n hakili la, n ka kan ka sokǤlǤsila dǤ Ȃinin
Please! Musa, I think, I should look for a guardian
min bεna n ka dukǤnǤna kǤlǤsi, k’a janto da la.
who will look after my house,, to take care of my door.
Musa:
O ka nǤgǤn. An bεna mǤgǤ sεbε Ȃinin
That’s easy. We’ll look for a good person.
i ye.
Hali ni mǤgǤ wεrε fǤra i kǤ, ale na sǤrǤ yan.
Even if someone else comes after you, he will be here.
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Communicative Task: WAATIW LAHALAW
TALKING ABOUT THE WEATHER
NSANA
PROVERB
I ma min fǤ i siriyǤrǤ la, kan’o fǤ i foniyǤrǤ la!
Look for the meaning of this proverb and try to use it appropriately
DIALOG
John:
Amadu, i ni sǤgǤma.
Good morning Amadu.
Amadu:
Nba, hεrε sira John?
Nba, did you spend a good night?
John:
Hεrε dǤrǤn. N bε taa bǤ n terikε ka
Peace only. I’m visting my friend’s field.
Amadu:
Ee! I t'i jǤ dǤǤni. E Ȃε tε sanfinnenba
He! Wait a little bit. It is going rain.
John:
foro la ka na.
la?
E ko nin san bε na sisan?
Is it going rain?
Amadu:
John:
Funteni b'a kǤrǤ cogo min na,
It is hot, in my opinion it will rain.
ne miiri la a bε na.
Funteni ye sanji tamasere ye aw fε yan wa?
Is the heat a sign of rain here?
Amadu:
John:
ǤwǤ, nka o dǤrǤn tε dε! San tamasere dǤwεrεw ye kabanǤgǤ, tile bǤ
Yeah! But that’s not all! Another sign is the cloud, the way the sun appears
cogo
ani fiȂε ci cogo ye. Hali kǤnǤ dǤw bε san kibaruya fǤ an sεnεkεlaw
and the way the wind blows. We farmers are even told by some birds.
ye.
Kabako! Ni n bε taa, n bεna n ka sanji minεfini ta. I ni ce.
Amazing! When going, I’ll take my umbrella with me. Thank you.
Amadu, n mana segin, an bε se ka barokε Mali waatiw ni Ameriki taw kan wa?
Amadu, if I come, could we talk about the seasons in Mali and the ones in America?
Amadu:
O bε diya n ye kosǤbε. Ola n yεrε bεna faamuya dǤ sǤrǤ Ameriki kan.
I’ll like it a lot. I’ll know more about America.
K'an bεn sǤǤni.
See you soon.
John:
K'an bεn! Ka hεrε fǤ n kǤ.
See you! May you have peace after me.
Amadu:
Amina! K'i Ȃuman segin!
Amen! May you come back safely!
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Communicative Task: SEKO NI DǤNKOW
TALKING ABOUT ONE’S SKILLS
NSANA
PROVERB
Jirikuru mεn o mεn ji la, a tε kε bama ye!
Look for the meaning of this proverb and try to use it appropriately
I-
TEXT
Sekow ni bololabaaraw
Bololabaarakεlaw jǤyǤrǤ ka bon kǤsǤbε jamana in kǤnǤ. Kabini lawale la, an ka minεnw
fanba bεε bε dilan bololabaarakεlaw de fε. Dugu si tε taa u kǤ. Ulu de b’an mago caman Ȃε. I
bε garankεw, gesedalaw, numuw, sanu ni warijε fagalaw, dagadilannaw, kǤlǤnsennaw,
sojǤlaw, jiridεsεlaw, kundigilaw, mekanisiȂεw, menizenw sǤrǤ an ka dugu caman kǤnǤ.
Nin seko ni dǤnko mǤgǤw fana tε taa sεnεkεlaw, nakǤbaaralaw, bagangεnnaw,
mǤnikεlaw, dosow ni jeliw ko.
Aptitudes and crafts
Artisans play an important role in the country. Since the past, craftsmen make lot of our tools.
No village can work without them. They meet most of our needs
Shoe makers, blacksmiths, jewelers, potters, well diggers, masons,
Sculptors, hairdressers, mechanics, carpenters are in most of our villages.
Farmers, gardeners, animal risers, fishermen, hunters and griots are important.
IIII-
DIALOG
Amadu:
N terikε John, e yεrε bε mun baarakε an ka dugu in kǤnǤ?
John my friend, what do you do as job in our village?
John:
Ȃinikali Ȃuman! Ne ye yiriforow ni kungoyiri nafamaw lakanabaa wǤlǤntεri ye.
Good question! I am a natural resource management volunteer.
N bε baarakε sεnεkεlaw ni nakǤtigiw fε. N bε ladilikan di mǤgǤw ma yirituru ni
I work with farmers and gardeners. I advice people on good ways of planting and
yiriw ladoncogo Ȃuman kan. N bε dugu mǤgǤw dεmε yirishεnw sǤrǤ cogo n’u turu
. taking care of the trees. I help people in finding tree seeds, planting seeds
cogo la ani nǤgǤ ni nǤgǤdingεw dilanni fana la. N bε taa nakǤw ni forow kǤnǤ tuma
and compost and making compost piles. I go to the fields and gardens from time
ni tuma ka kuma nin fεnw kan.
to time to talk on these.
Amadu:
Ayiwa! Ne hakili la, n y’i ka baara faamu sisan. Ala k’i dεmε.
Okay! I think, I understand your job now. May god help you.
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Te wulicogo
How to make tea
Wulifεnw/Ingredients
○ te
tea leaves
○ sukaro
○ nanaye
sugar
○ ji
mint
water
Teminεnw/Tools
○ barada
○ furunε
tea pot
stove
○ finfin
charcoal
○ wεriw
○ pilato
glasses
plate
Wulicogo/The processes
N'i bε te wuli, i bε fǤlǤ ka: To make tea, first:
1- Tasuma Ȃaga, o kǤ i bε te kε barada kǤnǤ.
Light the fire, then put tea in the tea pot.
2- I bε ji wεri Ȃε naani ni tila k'a la.
Put four glass of water and half in it.
3- O kǤ i bε barada sigi tasuma kan. I b'a wuli miniti bisaba kǤnǤ.
Then put the tea pot on the fire and boil it for half an hour.
4- Tuma kelen kelen, i b'a jigin ka teji kε barada wεrε kǤnǤ.
From time to time pour it in the other tea pot.
5- O kǤ, i bε sukaro k'a la. I bε sǤrǤ k'a suuru wεriw kǤnǤ walasa ka sukaro yelen teji la.
After that put sugar in it in the second tea pot and pour it in the glasses to it mixt up.
6- O kǤ, i b'a nεnε ni sukaro y'a bǤ. I bε teji yεlεma barada kǤnǤ tuguni.
Then you taste it if there is enough sugar.
7- I b'a kalaya dǤǤni.
Heat the mixture a little bit.
8- MǤgǤ caman bε teji dǤ to wεri kelen kǤnǤ walasa ka musi dila n'o ye wεri tǤw kǤnǤ.
Lot of people make foams with the glasses
9- I bε tila ka wεriw kǤ sananko.
Clean the external side of the glasses.
10- Te mana kalaya dǤǤni, i b'a tila wεriw ni ȂǤgǤn cε k'a di mǤgǤw ma.
When it gets warm then serve it.
11- Segin bε kε ni kan fo siȂε saba.
We do the same processes for all the three rounds.
12- SiȂε fila tǤw la i bε se ka nanaye k'a la.
You can also add mint in it.
13- Temugu ni ji hakε bε yεlεma mǤgǤw hakε kǤsǤn.
The quantity of water an tea leaves depends on the number of peple drinking tea.
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Communicative Task: SIGIYǤRǤ KUNNAFONNIW
GETTING INFORMED ABOUT ONE’S AREA
NSANA
PROVERB
Dugu bila ka fisa lada wuli ye!
Look for the meaning of this proverb and try to use it appropriately
DIALOG
Musa:
Eh! John, i ni faama!
Hey! John, It’s been a long time!
John:
Musa, i ni waati. I bε di?
Musa, it’s while. How are you?
Musa:
Alhamudulilayi! I bε dugu jumεn na sisan?
Thanks to God! In which village are you now?
John:
N sigilen don Jitumu mara la, Keleya kεrεfε.
I am in Jitumu area, next to Keleya.
Musa:
Keleya lamini duguw ye dugu kǤrǤw ye.
The villages around Keleya are old villages.
John:
TiȂε don! Dugutigi ko: ale ka dugu in tutigε tuma mεnna kǤsεbε.
That’s true! The chief said: It’s been a very long time they settled here.
Dugu in sigira ka kǤn Tubabu fanga Ȃε.
The village was settled before the white men’s arrival.
Musa:
Ha! O ye dugu kǤrǤ ye. Siya jumεnw bε yen?
Ha! That’s an old village. What are the ethnic groups there?
John:
Siya caman. Bamananw ka ca ni siya tǤw ye Jitumu mara kǤnǤ.
Lot of ethnic groups. Bambaras are more than the others in jitumu.
Fulaw ni Maninkaw fana sigilen bε yen. Siginfεw bε sǤrǤ yen, i n’a fǤ Korokow,
Fulfuldes and malinkes are there too. Some immigrated like Korokos,
Marakaw, KǤrǤbǤrǤw, DongǤnǤw
Sarakoles, Sonraïs, Dogons and others.
ani siya wεrεw.
Musa:
O ye siya caman ye. I ye yen mǤgǤya kεcogo bεε faamu ka ban?
That’s a lot of ethnic groups. Did you understand all the ways people behave?
John:
DǤǤni dǤǤni. Nka yirikurun mεn o mεn ji la, a tε kε bama ye.
Little by little. But as long as a piece of wood stays in water, it will never become a crocodile.
N bε ka ladaw ni korǤw ȂεȂinin. I am still learning some customs.
Musa:
Ayiwa! O de ka Ȃi. Ala k'i dεmε. Okay! That’s good. May God help you.
John:
Amiina! K'an bεn!
Amen! See you!
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Communicative Task: JAMA HAKILI JAKABǤ
LEADING A COMMUNITY MEETING
NSANA
PROVERB
JεkafǤ ye damu ye!
Look for the meaning of this proverb and try to use it appropriately
DIALOG
John:
A’ ni wula yankaw, an tilenna hεrε la, Ala k’an si hεrε la.
Good afternoon people from here, we spend the day in peace, may we spend the night in peace.
Jeliba:
Nba! A ni wula, aw bisimila! A ye dǤ di.
Nba! Good afternoon, welcome! Say something.
John:
Saha! An ma na baasi la, an ye Saniya baarakεlaw ye.
Thanks! We aren’t here for wors, we are sanitation workers.
An nana walasa an bε se ka hakilina falen falen dugu saniya cogo kan.
We are here to exchange ideas about the village sanitation.
Jeliba:
Dugutigi, ayiwa kuma tε! U ko, k’u nana k’an dεmε ka dugu saniya.
Dugutigi, so here is the topic! They said, they’re here to help us with the village sanitation.
Dugutigi:
Jeliba, a fǤ dunanw ye: k’u nali diyar’an ye. K’u bisimila!
Jeliba (Griotman), tell them we appreciate them being here. Welcome!
John:
Gεlεya jumεn bε yan saniyako la?
What are the sanitation problems here?
Amadu:
Ne bε kuma Ȃinin.
I ask to talk.
Jeliba:
Kuma b’i bolo, Amadu.
You have the floor (the speech) Amadou.
Amadu:
John:
Ne hakili la, Ȃaman ani jinǤgǤko gεlεya de b’an kan bi.
I think we have problems with dirty water and trash here.
Kuma Ȃεna! Aw hakili la fεrε jumεnw bε se ka sǤrǤ olu la?
Good! According to you what are the solutions for those?
(makan caman….)
(noise)
Jeliba:
A ye hakεto, an ka ȂǤgǤn lamεn!
Bakari:
Baasi tε, ne hakili la, ni bεε bε se ka taa Ȃaman bǤn dugu kǤfε yǤrǤ kelen na,
Please, let’s listen one each other!
Ok, for me, if every one can go put the trash behind the village in the same place
o bε fisaya. Ani fana, an k’an hakili to ji saniyali la.
That would be better. And also let’s keep in mind water sanitation.
John:
Yankaw, anw hakili la, bεε ye famuya sǤrǤ tǤnsigi in kǤnǤ.
We think, everyone has understood something about the meeting.
Aw ni ce, aw ni baraji! Ala k’an bεn a ȂǤgǤn wεrε ma. Sisan an b’a fε ka sira Ȃinin.
Thank you! May we meet again. Now we want to leave.
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NSIIRIN: SUNGURUNNIN YE JǤN TA YE?
NSIIRIN
NAAMU !!!
N y’a da kamalennin saba la!
Sungurunnin ye jǤn ta ye?
Kamalennin saba tun bε to ka kε ȂǤgǤn fε.
U nana sungurunnin kelen sǤrǤ.
DǤ ko, “An bε taa yaala. N’an ye wari sǤrǤ, an bεna fini san k’a don sungurunnin kan na.”
U taara yaalayaala.
Dugalen tun bε dǤ fε.
Sabara tun bε dǤ fε.
Fura tun bε dǤ fε.
Tile dama tεmεnnen kǤ, dugalentigi y’a fǤ ko: “Ne bε filεlikε n ka dugalen na.”
A ye filεlikε k’a ye ko sugurunnin sara. A ko: “Sugurunnin sara!”
Sabaratigi ko:”A ye na sisan. An bε jε k’an senw don sabara la.
An bεna se yen sisan, janko an bεna sungurunnin su sǤrǤ k’a don.”
Furatigi ko: ”N’an sera yen sisan, a bεna kunu.”
U jεra k’u senw don sabara la.
U sera sungurunnin ka dugu la.
Furatigi taara sungurunnin lakunu.
A Ȃεnamayara kokura ka kε mǤgǤ ye.
Dugalentigi ko k’ale ta don.
Sabaratigi ko k’ale ta don.
Furatigi ko k’ale ta don.
O kamalennin saba la, sungurunnin ye jǤn ta ye?
N y’a ta yǤrǤ min, n y’a bila yen!
Mamadou Kanté
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NSIIRIN: DOSOKǤRǤ, BAKǤRǤNIN NI SAGAJIGIBA KA DUGUTAA.
NSIIRIN
NAAMU !!!
N y’a da dosokǤrǤ, bakǤrǤnin ni sagajigiba la!
FǤlǤ-fǤlǤ, dosokǤrǤ, bakǤrǤnin ni sagajigiba tun ka di kǤsεbε.
Su t’u fara, tlen t’u fara.
Don dǤ, barosen fε, bakǤrǤnin y’a fǤ tǤ fila ye n’u bε se ka taa dunuya yaala walasa ka nafolo
sǤrǤ.
O yǤrǤnin kelen na, u ye taamadon da.
O don selen, u jεra ka dugu taamobili kelen ta.
U selen dugu fǤlǤ min na, dosokǤrǤ ko k’ale bε jigin ye.
A jiginna, ka wari di mobili bolila ma.
Mobilitigi kǤrǤtǤ kojugu wulila ni mobili ye ka sǤrǤ a ma warimisεn segin dosokǤrǤ ma.
DosokǤrǤ bolila mobili kǤ, ka kule ka dεsε. Mobilitigi ma jǤ.
A tǤȂǤgǤn fila dimina fo k’a dama tεmεn.
Dugu filanan na, bakǤrǤnin ko k’ale bε jigin yen.
Mobili jǤ, bakǤrǤnin ye fiȂε minεn. A taara, a ma wari sara.
Sagajigiba kelen tora mobili kǤnǤ ŋunuŋunu na.
A y’i miiri bakǤrǤnin ka kεwale la.
A ko k’ale bε fεrε Ȃinin waasa a kana kε somǤgǤ sama ye n’u sera dugu sabanan kǤnǤ.
Sow ni kungo cε, sagajigiba ko k’ale sera.
A jiginna, k’a ka wari sara.
A k’ale na don dugu kǤnǤ hǤrǤnya la barisa mǤgǤ ka juru t’ale la.
Kabini o don fo bi:
E dosokǤrǤ tε mobilitigi tεmεn tǤ ye n’a ma kule o la!
BakǤrǤnin kegunya kojugu tε jǤ bolimafεn Ȃε!
FaȂa ye sagajigiba bila siraba kan taama na, a tε sira bolifεn Ȃε, barisa maa ka juru t’a la!
N y’a ta yǤrǤ min, n y’a bila yen!
Mamadou Doudou NDOYE
154
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NSIIRIN: KUNGOSOGOW KA DENKUNDI.
NSIIRIN
NAAMU !!!
N y’a da suruguba ni sonsannin la!
Waraba muso jiginna.
A ye kungosogow bεε fara ȂǤgǤn kan denkundi la.
U ko sogo bεε ka dǤnsen kelen kelen kε.
Ni min ta Ȃεna, misi bε di o tigi ma.
Misi kofǤlen, surukuba fora ka wuli k’ale fǤlǤ bε dǤnkε.
Suruku y’i dǤn k’i dǤn fo k’a wǤǤsi.
Waraba den ma yεlε, a ba ma yεlε.
Suruku ka dǤn ma diya mǤgǤ si ye.
KǤnǤsogonin fana wulila. O fana y’i dǤn.
O ka dǤn diyara bεε ye.
Waraba muso yεlεla ka yεlε. U bεε nison diyara.
U ye misi di kǤnǤsogonin ma.
Misi dilen kǤnǤsogonin ma tuma min na, surukuba girinna ka wuli, ko ale denkε fǤlǤ ye
kǤnǤsogonin ye. Bεε ko: “Ee! Suruku den bε se dǤn na! A bε se dǤn na! ”
O kεlen tuma min na, kǤnǤsogonin y’i sigi.
Waraba den kasira ko kǤnǤsogonin ka wuli ka dǤnkε tuguni.
KǤnǤsogonin wulila, nka a dǤnkεtǤ sen cunna waraba den kan kan, k’a faga.
Waraba muso kulela ko ka kǤnǤsogonin minε.
O fǤlen, kǤnǤsogonin ye kεnε minε. U m’a sǤrǤ.
Sonsannin ko: “A ma tiȂε! Ni kǤnǤsogonin ma sǤrǤ, a y’a fa minε.
O fǤlen, suruku k’ale den tε! Barisa kǤnǤ ni wara tε kelen ye.
Kama b’a la, kama t’ale la. KǤnǤsogonin sen ye fila, sen naani b’ale suruku fε.
Mun y’ale ni kǤnǤsogonin kε kelen?
N’u ka misi kama don, u bε se k’o minε. ”
Surukuba y’a dǤn k’a tε Ȃε cogo si la n’ale ma minε.
Suruku y’u to mankan na ka fiȂε minε.
A ye gǤngǤn wuli, ka bobilen kalanman seri waraba muso Ȃεda la.
U ye surukuba fana Ȃinin ka dεsε.
Sonsannin tεmεtǤ ye kǤrǤ suruku Ȃε bilen ye tu la.
Sonsannin ko: “Ee, n kǤrǤ, e ni kǤnǤsogonin tε siya kelen, munna e bolila?”
Surukuba y’a jaabi k’ale taalen, jǤn minεna ale kǤ.
N y’a ta yǤrǤ min, n y’a bila yen!
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NSIIRIN: BAMA NI FALI.
NSIIRIN
NAAMU !!!
N y’a da bama ni fali la!
Don dǤ bama bǤra ji la k’a bε taa i senna yaala.
A taara fo yǤrǤ jan. A segin tuma, a filila sira ma, a munumununa ka munumunu.
A sεgεnnen taara i da jalasunba dǤ kǤrǤ.
Fali nana se bama ma jalasunba kǤrǤ.
Fali kabakoyara, a ko bama ma: “εε! N dǤgǤ mun y’i se yan bi? Yan ni baji ka jan dε!”
Bama ko fali ma: “N kǤrǤ ne yεrε tε se ka foyi fǤ nin ko in na bilen.
N taara n senna yaala, n tununna, n t’a dǤn n bε segin so cogo o cogo.”
Fali ko a bε taa so tuma min, bama y’a fǤ a ye “n kǤrǤ, kana nin kε ne na,
i bε taa cogodi ka ne to yan? I b’a lajε ka n lase bada la.”
Fali k’o tε baasi ye; a gεrεla bama la, bama yεlεnna fali kǤ la.
U selen dankan na fali ko bama ka jigin
nga bama y’a fǤ fali ye k’a k’i jija ka se n’a ye ji cεmancε la.
U selen ji cεmancε la bama jiginna, a y’i da fa fali kǤsen na o yǤrǤ bεε.
Fali ko a ma: “Aah e jo don, ne de jalaki don.”
Bama y’a jaabi: “I kεra jalakitigi ye o, i kεra jotigi ye o, nin si tε ne ka sira ye, ne bε e dun bi.”
K’u to kuma na nsonzanin nana; a ko: “n kǤrǤ fali! Fo ji cεmancε la tan! Mun kεra? ”
Fali y’a jaabi ko: “Ne Ȃuman kεtǤ de kεlen bε kara ye ne da la.
Bama tununna, ne y’a dεmε ka na ji la.
A selen ji la, a ye ne minε k’a bε ne dun.”
Nsonzanin y’i min k’i kanto fali ma yǤrǤ jan fε: “N kǤrǤ fali, i tε se k’i puruti wa?”
Fali ko: “N bε se kε!”
Fali y’i pan ka bama tan a da la fo ka bama yεlεma a kǤ kan.
Fali bolila ka taa so.
N’i ye maa min ka sumun furakε, o b’i ka tigasi Ȃimi.
N y’a ta yǤrǤ min, n y’a bila yen!
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