Karen Sterling SantaCruz MD
Department of Pathology
University of New Mexico
1 University of New Mexico MSC8 4640
Albuquerque, New Mexico
87131-0001
SantaCruz 11/15/2013
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SECTION I:
CURRICULUM VITAE
EDUCATION:
1981-1985
B.S., Ecology and Evolutionary Biology,
University of Arizona, Tucson
1989-1993
M.D., University of Arizona School of Medicine
POSTGRADUATE TRAINING:
7/1993-1998
Intern and Resident, Anatomic Pathology and Neuropathology,
University of California Irvine Medical Center
Orange, CA
POSITIONS HELD:
7/1998-4/2002
Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology; Assistant Professor, Department of
Neurology, The University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS
4/2002-6/2012
Assistant Professor, Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology
(Division of Neuropathology), University of Minnesota,
Fairview University Hospital, Minneapolis, MN 55455
9/2008-6/2012
Joint Appointment in Neurology (type W, no flag), Effective September 29, 2008
6/2009-6/2012
Joint Appointment in Neurosurgery (June, 2009)
7/2010-6/2012
Associate Professor, Pathology, Neurology and Neurosurgery; Acting Director,
Autopsy Service
1/2011-1/2012
Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Waterloo, School of Public Health and Health
Systems
6/2012-present
Associate Professor, Pathology, University of New Mexico Hospital
Albuquerque, NM, 87131
BOARD CERTIFICATION: American Board of Pathology - Anatomic Pathology and Neuropathology, 1999
HONORS, AWARDS:
1991 - NIH Medical Student Summer Research Award, $3000 Recycling of alpha-tocopherol by
ascorbate in multilamellar liposomes
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SECTION II: RESEARCH
RESEARCH GRANTS AND FELLOWSHIPS
Past:
1. Research Grant : "Transposon-mediated gliomagenesis to investigate dendritic cell trafficking after
immunotherapy in a tolerized host", PI: John Ohlfest PhD, Dana Foundation, My role: Co-investigator and leader
for the neuropathology aims, July 2008-June 30, 2010, Goal: The investigators will use cellular imaging
techniques in a new animal model of lethal brain tumor to determine whether increasing the quantities of a
specific type of immune cell in the brain is associated with improved therapeutic outcomes. My portion: 10%
technical support and supplies, including 5% effort for myself.
2. Alzheimer’s Association Grant: Vascular disease and Alzheimer’s disease, PI: Dr. Suzanne Tyas, University of
Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario. Goal: The purpose of this study is to look at pathological markers of vascular
disease and Alzheimer’s disease in people with and without dementia during life in order to better understand the
concept of cognitive reserve. My role: consultant (unpaid, 5%), 2008-March 2009.
3. Endowment fund “The role of taxol in tau phosphorylation and neuronal apoptosis”, University of Kansas Medical
Center. Karen SantaCruz, principal investigator, Marylou Michaelis, mentor, May 2000-2001
4. Research Grant “Neuropathological characterization of early markers of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s
disease”, PI, Grant in Aid of Research, Artistry and Scholarship, Jan 1, 2003- June 30, 2004
5. Research Grant “Neuropathological characterization of a double transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease”,
PI, Minnesota Medical Foundation Research Grant, 1/1/03-12/31/03
6. Research Grant “Neuropathological characterization of a double transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease”,
PI, Minnesota Medical Foundation Research Grant, 1/1/03-12/31/03
7. Research Grant “Infectious/Inflammatory Vascular Abnormalities and Psychoses”, PI: Daniel Hanson, Stanley
Medical Research Institute, My role: Co-investigator, 2/1/2004-2/1/2006, my portion: 5% effort.
8. Research Grant “Grant for the study of the biology of Alzheimer’s disease in transgenic mice”, PI: Karen Ashe,
National Institutes of Health, My role: Co-investigator and leader for the neuropathology aims, 2004-2005, my
portion: approximately 10% effort.
9. Research grant “AZD 103”,
Role: Co-investigator and leader of neuropathology aims
Percent Effort: 5%
Project title: “AZD 103” Aims to study the effect of an aggregation inhibitor in preventing behavioral
abnormalities in rats exposed to β-amyloid
Agency Sponsor: Drug company (private)
Funding status: 2005-2006
PI: Jim Cleary PhD
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10. Research Grant “Effects of Vitamin E in a Transgenic Mouse Model”, PI: Govind Vatassery, VA Medical Center
grant,
My role: Co-investigator and leader for the neuropathology aims, 2006-2007, Percent effort: 1%
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
1. Research Reports:
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Karen S. SantaCruz, MD, Sue J. Rottunda, Joyce P. Meints, Elaine Bearer, Eileen H. Bigio, J. Riley McCarten. A Case of
Globular Glial Tauopathy Presenting Clinically as Alzheimer’s Disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2013 Jun 6.
Demetris Yannopoulos, , Nicolas Segal, Timothy Matsuura, Mohammad Sarraf, Marit Thorsgard, Emily Caldwell, Jennifer Rees,
Scott McKnite, Karen SantaCruz, Keith G. Lurie. Ischemic post-conditioning and vasodilator therapy during standard
cardiopulmonary resuscitation to reduce cardiac and brain injury after prolonged untreated ventricular fibrillation.
Resuscitation 2013 Aug;84(8):1143-9.
Agarwal S, Mittapalli RK, Zellmer DM, Gallardo JL, Donelson R, Seiler C, Decker SA, Santacruz KS, Pokorny JL, Sarkaria JN,
Elmquist WF, Ohlfest JR. Active Efflux of Dasatinib from the Brain Limits Efficacy against Murine Glioblastoma: Broad
Implications for the Clinical Use of Molecularly Targeted Agents. Mol Cancer Ther. 2012 Oct;11(10):2183-92. doi:
10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-12-0552. Epub 2012 Aug 13. PMID: 22891038
Huifen Wang, Andrew Odegaard, Bharat Thyagarajan, Jennifer Hayes, Karen Santa Cruz, Mark F. Derosiers, Suzanne Tyas,
Myron D. Gross. Blood Folate is Associated with Asymptomatic or Partially Symptomatic Alzheimer’s Disease in the Nun Study.
J Alzheimers Dis. 2012;28(3):637-45. PMID: 22064069
Karen S. SantaCruz MD, Joshua A. Sonnen MD, Maryam Kherad Pezhouh MD, Mark F. Desrosiers PhD, Peter T. Nelson MD,
PhD, Suzanne L. Tyas PhD. Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology without Dementia in two Studies of Aging: The Nun Study and the
Adult Changes in Thought Study. JNEN. Volume 70, Number 10, October 2011.
Joshua A. Sonnen, MD; Karen Santa Cruz, MD; Laura S. Hemmy, PhD; Randall Woltjer, MD, PhD; James B. Leverenz, MD;
Kathleen S. Montine, PhD; Clifford R. Jack, MD; Jeffrey Kaye, MD; Kelvin Lim, MD; Eric B. Larson, MD, MPH; Lon White, MD,
MPH; Thomas J. Montine, MD, PhD. Ecology of the Aging Human Brain. ARCH NEUROL/VOL 68 (NO. 8), AUG 2011
Nelson PT, Schmitt FA, Lin Y, Abner EL, Jicha GA, Patel E, Thomason PC, Neltner JH, Smith CD, SantaCruz KS, Sonnen JA,
Poon LW, Gearing M, Green RC, Woodard JL, Van Eldik LJ, Kryscio RJ. Hippocampal sclerosis in advanced age: clinical and
pathological features. Brain. 2011 May;134(Pt 5):1506-18.
Abner, Erin L.1, MPH, Kryscio, Richard J. 1,2 PhD, Schmitt, Frederick A. 1,3, PhD, SantaCruz, Karen S. 4, MD, Jicha,
Gregory A. 1,3, MD PhD, Lin, Yushun 1,2, Janna M. Neltner6, MD, Smith, Charles D.1,3, MD, Van Eldik, Linda J. 1,5 PhD,
Nelson, Peter T.1, 6, MD PhD. “End-stage” neurofibrillary tangle pathology in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease—fact or fiction? J
Alzheimers Dis. 2011 Jan 1;25(3):445-53.
Olin MR, Andersen BM, Zellmer DM, Grogan PT, Popescu FE, Xiong Z, Forster CL, Seiler C, SantaCruz KS, Chen W, Blazar BR,
Ohlfest JR. Superior Efficacy of Tumor Cell Vaccines Grown In Physiologic Oxygen. Clin Cancer Res. 2010 Sep 21.
Swaminathan SK, Olin MR, Forster CL, Cruz KS, Panyam J, Ohlfest JR. Identification of a novel monoclonal antibody
recognizing CD133. J Immunol Methods. 2010 Jul 30. [Epub ahead of print]
Wiesner SM, Decker SA, Larson JD, Ericson K, Forster C, Gallardo JL, Long C, Demorest ZL, Zamora EA, Low WC, SantaCruz
K, Largaespada DA, Ohlfest JR. De novo induction of genetically engineered brain tumors in mice using plasmid DNA. Cancer
Res. 2009 Jan 15;69(2):431-9.
Pluhar GE, Grogan PT, Seiler C, Goulart M, Santacruz KS, Carlson C, Chen W, Olin MR, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG, Haines SJ,
Ohlfest JR. Anti-tumor immune response correlates with neurological symptoms in a dog with spontaneous astrocytoma
treated by gene and vaccine therapy. Vaccine. 2010 Apr 26;28(19):3371-8. Epub 2010 Mar 1.
Lee MS, McKinney AM, Brace JR, Santacruz K. Clinical and imaging features of fludarabine neurotoxicity. J
Neuroophthalmol. 2010 Mar;30(1):37-41.
McKinney AM, Kieffer SA, Paylor RT, SantaCruz KS, Kendi A, Lucato L. Acute toxic leukoencephalopathy: potential for
reversibility clinically and on MRI with diffusion-weighted and FLAIR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009 Jul;193(1):192-206.
Peter T. Nelson, MD PhD 1,4, Erin L. Abner, MS 4, Frederick A. Schmitt, PhD2,4, Richard J. Kryscio, PhD3,4, Gregory A. Jicha,
MD PhD 2,4, Karen SantaCruz, MD5, Charles D. Smith, MD 2,4, Ela Patel 3, and William R. Markesbery, MD1,2,4
Brains with medial temporal lobe neurofibrillary tangles but no neuritic amyloid plaques are a diagnostic dilemma but may have
pathogenetic aspects distinct from Alzheimer’s disease, J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2009 Jun 16.
Citron, Bruce A. PhD; Arnold, Paul M. MD; Haynes, Neal G. MD; Ameenuddin, Syed DVM, PhD; Farooque, Mohammed MD,
PhD; SantaCruz, Karen MD; Festoff, Barry W. MD. Neuroprotective Effects of Caspase-3 Inhibition on Functional Recovery
and Tissue Sparing After Acute Spinal Cord Injury. Spine Issue: Volume 33(21), 1 October 2008, pp 2269-2277 (I provided
neuropathological interpretation).
Blaes AH, Santa-Cruz KS, Lee CK, Hui SK, Peterson BA. Necrotizing leukoencephalopathy following CHOP chemotherapy.
Leuk Res. 2008 Oct;32(10):1611-4. Epub 2008 Apr 18.
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18. Stephen M. Wiesner, Stacy A. Decker, Jon D. Larson, Katya Ericson, Colleen Forster, Jose L. Gallardo, Chunmei Long, Zachary
L. Demorest, Edward A. Zamora, Walter C. Low, Karen SantaCruz, David A. Largaespada, and John R. Ohlfest
De novo Induction of Genetically Engineered Brain Tumors in Mice Using Plasmid DNA. Cancer Res 2009; 69: (2). January 15,
2009. (I provided extensive neuropathologic interpretation for a newly developed model comparing a genetically induced
mouse tumor to human brain tumors)
19. Deguchi K, Clewing JM, Elizondo LI, Hirano R, Huang C, Choi K, Sloan EA, Lücke T, Marwedel KM, Powell RD Jr, Santa Cruz
K, Willaime-Morawek S, Inoue K, Lou S, Northrop JL, Kanemura Y, van der Kooy D, Okano H, Armstrong DL, Boerkoel CF.
Neurologic phenotype of Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia and neurodevelopmental expression of SMARCAL1. J
Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2008 Jun;67(6):565-77.
20. McClelland S III, Charnas LR, SantaCruz KS, Garner HP, Lam CH. Progressive Brainstem Compression In An Infant with
Neurocutaneous Melanosis and Dandy-Walker Complex Following Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Placement For Hydrocephalus.
Case Report. Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics, 107(6): 500-503, 2007. (I provided neuropathologic interpretation)
21. *Karen SantaCruz, Alexander McKinney, Stephen Kieffer, John Tulloch. A 50-year-old man with burkitt lymphoma. Brain
Pathol. 2008 Oct;18(4):611-5. (*one peer editor/reviewer only). (I wrote the manuscript).
22. McKinney AM, Short J, Truwit CL, McKinney ZJ, Kozak OS, SantaCruz KS, Teksam M. Posterior reversible encephalopathy
syndrome: incidence of atypical regions of involvement and imaging findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2007 Oct;189(4):904-12.
(I provided neuropathologic interpretation)
23. Karen SantaCruz MD, Jeff Brace MD, Walter Hall MD. A Case of Cranial Fasciitis Originating within the Diploic Space of an
Adult. Neurosurgery. 2007 Dec; 61(6):E1338; discussion E1338. (I wrote the manuscript)
24. Govind T Vatassery, Ph.D.; Hung T Quach, B.S.; W E Smith, B.S.; Karen S SantaCruz, M.D.; Sabita Roy, Ph.D.
Apolipoprotein E Deficiency Leads to Altered Brain Uptake of Alpha Tocopherol Injected into Lateral Cerebral Ventricles.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 2007 Jul;1772(7):797-803. Epub 2007 May 3. (I provided neuropathologic interpretation)
25. Belyaeva OV, Chetyrkin SV, Clark AL, Kostereva NV, Santacruz KS, Chronwall BM, Kedishvili NY. Role of Microsomal RoDHLike Short-Chain Dehydrogenases/Reductases in the Oxidation and Epimerization of 3-α-hydroxysteroids in human tissues.
Endocrinology. 2007 May;148(5):2148-56. Epub 2007 Feb 8. (I provided tissue and neuropathologic interpretation)
26. Osorio I, Shnyra A, Santacruz K, Brewington R, Morrison D. Rasmussen's encephalitis: Interleukin-10-dependent Times
cited2 cell polarization may explain its pathophysiology and clinical course. Epilepsy Behav. 2006 Oct 25; [Epub ahead of
print] (I provided neuropathologic interpretation)
27. Clewing JM, Antalfy BC, Lücke T, Najafian B, Marwedel KM, Hori A, Powel RM, Do AF, Najera L, SantaCruz K, Hicks MJ,
Armstrong DL, Boerkoel CF. Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia: a clinicopathological correlation. J Med Genet. 2007
Feb;44(2):122-30. Epub 2006 Jul 13.
28. McKinney AM, Reichert P, Short J, Dhurairaj T, SantaCruz K, McKinney Z, Kieffer S. Metachronous, multicentric giant cell
tumor of the sphenoid bone with histologic, CT, MR imaging, and positron-emission tomography/CT correlation. AJNR Am J
Neuroradiol. 2006 Nov-Dec;27(10):2199-201. (I provided pathologic interpretation)
29. A M McKinney, J Short, L Lucato, K SantaCruz, Z McKinney, Y Kim. Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Orbit with
Associated Enhancement of the Meninges and Multiple Cranial Nerves. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2006 Nov;27(10):2217-2220.
(I provided pathologic interpretation)
30. J. Marietta Clewing, Barbara C. Antalfy, Thomas Lücke, Behzad Najafian, Katja M. Marwedel, Akira Hori, Ralph M. Powell, Jr.,
Lydia Najera, Karen S. SantaCruz, M. John Hicks, Dawna L. Armstrong, Cornelius F. Boerkoel. Schimke immuno-osseous
dysplasia: a clinicopathological correlation. J Med Genet. 2006 Jul 13. (I provided neuropathologic interpretation)
31. Barry W. Festoff, Syed Ameenuddin, Paul M. Arnold, Andrea Wong, Karen S. SantaCruz and Bruce A. Citron. Minocycline
neuroprotects, reduces microgliosis, and inhibits caspase protease expression early after spinal cord injury. Journal of
Neurochemistry. 2006 Jun;97(5):1314-26. Epub 2006 Apr 21. (I provided neuropathologic interpretation)
32. Tara L Spires, Jennifer D Orne, Karen SantaCruz, Rose Pitstick, George A Carlson, Karen Hsiao Ashe, Bradley T Hyman.
Region-specific dissociation of neuronal loss and neurofibrillary pathology in a mouse model of tauopathy. American Journal of
Pathology, 168:1598-1607, 2006. (I provided neuropathologic interpretation)
33. Martin Ramsden, Linda Kotilinek, Colleen Forster, Jennifer Paulson, Eileen McGowan, Karen SantaCruz, Aaron Guimaraes,
Mei Yue, Jada Lewis, George Carlson, Michael Hutton, and Karen H. Ashe. Age-Dependent Neurofibrillary Tangle Formation,
Neuron Loss, and Memory Impairment in a Mouse Model of Human Tauopathy (P301L). Neurobiology of Disease. 2005
25(46):10637–10647. (This study introduces a novel mouse model of human tauopathy and describes the neuropathological
changes that occur with aging. (I wrote initial drafts of the manuscript and contributed neuropathologic interpretation)
34. Santacruz K (one of three first authors), Lewis J, Spires T, Paulson J, Kotilinek L, Ingelsson M, Guimaraes A, DeTure M,
Ramsden M, McGowan E, Forster C, Yue M, Orne J, Janus C, Mariash A, Kuskowski M, Hyman B, Hutton M, Ashe KH. Tau
suppression in a neurodegenerative mouse model improves memory function. Science. 2005 Jul 15;309(5733):476-81. (This
interinstitutional collaboration describes the reversal of behavioral, biochemical and pathological changes in a regulatable
mouse model of human tauopathy. I helped design the experiments and coordinate interactions between institutions. I also
performed the neuropathologic interpretation)
35. Marcario JK, Manaye KF, SantaCruz KS, Mouton PR, Berman NE, Cheney PD. Severe subcortical degeneration in macaques
infected with neurovirulent simian immunodeficiency virus. J Neurovirol. 2004 Dec;10(6):387-99. (I contributed
neuropathologic evaluation)
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36. Govind T. Vatassery, Karen S. SantaCruz, Eugene G. DeMaster, Hung T. Quach and W. Ed Smith. Oxidative stress and
inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation induced by peroxynitrite and nitrite in rat brain subcellular fractions. Neurochemistry
International, Volume 45, Issue 7, December 2004, Pages 963-970. (I contributed a clinical perspective to interpretation and
presentation of data)
37. Barry W. Festoff, Syed Ameenuddin, Karen SantaCruz, John Morser, Shiming Suo, Paul M. Arnold, Kristie E. Stricker and
Bruce A. Citron. Neuroprotective effects of recombinant thrombomodulin in controlled contusion spinal cord injury implicates
thrombin signaling. Journal of Neurotrauma, Vol 21, 7:907-922. 2004. (I provided neuropathologic interpretation)
38. SantaCruz KS, Yazlovitskaya E, Collins J, Johnson J, DeCarli C. Regional NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase activity in
Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging, 25(1):63-9, 2004. (I oversaw the project and contributed neuropathologic
interpretation)
39. Stephan CL, SantaCruz KS, May C, Wilkinson SB, Cunningham MT. Fatal dural sinus thrombosis associated with
heterozygous factor V Leiden and a short activated partial thromboplastin time. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2003;127:1359-1361.
(I provided neuropathologic interpretation for the autopsy specimen and mentored the pathology resident who is the first
author with writing the manuscript)
40. Cossaart N, SantaCruz KS, Preston D, Johnson P, Skikne BS: Fatal chemotherapy-induced encephalopathy following highdose therapy for metastatic breast cancer: a case report and review of the literature. Bone Marrow Transplantation, 31;5760, 2003. (Intra-institutional collaboration; I conducted the neuropathologic evaluation, reviewed the pertinent literature and
wrote initial drafts of the manuscript)
41. Mathis D, Stovall JM, SantaCruz K. Multiple glioblastomas. Applied Radiology, 31;11:54-58, 2002. (Inter-institutional
collaborative study; I contributed the neuropathologic interpretation)
42. Meredith GE, Totterdell S, Petroske E, Santa Cruz K, Callison RC, Lau YS: Lysosomal malfunction accompanies alphasynuclein aggregation in a progressive mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Brain Res, 2002 Nov 22;956(1):156-65. (Interinstitutional collaborative study; I performed immunohistochemical studies and confirmed EM findings; first author was an
associate professor in the department of Pharmacology at the University of Missouri, Kansas City)
43. Festoff BW, SantaCruz K, Arnold PM, Sebastian CT, Davies PJ, Citron BA. Injury-induced "switch" from GTP-regulated to
novel GTP-independent isoform of tissue transglutaminase in the rat spinal cord. J Neurochem, 81(4):708-18, 2002. (I
Provided neuropathologic interpretation)
44. SantaCruz KS, Tasaki CS, Kim RC, Cotman CW: Brainstem and Cortical Lewy bodies in Patients Presenting Clinically with
Alzheimer’s Disease, Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 4(1);11-17, 2002. (I collected the data and wrote the manuscript)
45. SantaCruz KS, Walker Z, Swagerty D, Piggott MA, Ryo-Yang M, McKeith IG, Raghavan R, Jaros E, PerryRH: Clinical
Presentations in Monozygotic Twins with Dementia with Lewy Bodies Journal of the American Medical Directors Association,
3:175-179, 2002. (Inter-institutional collaboration, I collected the data and wrote the manuscript)
46. Citron BA, Suo Z, SantaCruz K, Davies PJ, Qin F, Festoff BW. Protein crosslinking, tissue transglutaminase, alternative
splicing and neurodegeneration. Neurochem Int, 40(1):69-78, 2002. (Interinstitutional collaboration, I contributed
neuropathologic interpretation)
47. SantaCruz KS, McKinley ET, Powell R, Hermreck AS, Sonnino RE: Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Gastroesophageal Junction in Childhood. Pediatric Pathology and Molecular Medicine, 21:49-56, 2002. (I provided histologic
interpretation and wrote the manuscript)
48. Stephan CL, Kepes JJ, Santa Cruz KS, Wilkinson SB, Fegley B, Osorio I: Spectrum of Responses to Intracranial Electrodes:
From multi-focal aseptic meningitis to multi-focal hypersensitivity-type meningo-vasculitis. Epilepsia, 42(7):895-901, 2001. (I
mentored the pathology resident who wrote the manuscript)
49. Citron BA, SantaCruz KS, Davies PJA, Festoff BW: Intron-exon swapping of transglutaminase mRNA and neuronal tau
aggregation in Alzheimer’s disease. J Biol Chem, 276:3295-3301, 2001. (I provided neuropathologic interpretation)
50. Wang Y, SantaCruz K, DeCarli C and Johnson JA: NAD(P)H:Quinone oxidoreductase activity is increased in hippocampal
pyramidal neurons of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiology of Aging, 21:525-531, 2000. (I provided
51. Robles M, Choi BH, Han B, SantaCruz, K and Kim, RC: Repin-induced neurotoxicity in rodents. Exp Neurol, 152(1):129136,1998. (I provided neuropathological interpretation)
52. Scuderi P, Sterling KE, Raitano AB, Grogan TM and Rippe RA: Recombinant interferon-gamma stimulates the production f
human tumor necrosis factor in vitro. J Interferon Res, 7:155-164,1987. (I was the technician who helped design and carry
out the experiments and collect the data)
53. Scuderi P, Sterling KE, Lam KS, Finley PR, Ryan KJ, Ray CG, Petersen E, Slymen DJ and Salmon SE: Raised serum levels of
tumor necrosis factor in parasitic infections. Lancet, 2:1364-1365,1986. (I was the technician who helped design and carry
out the experiments and collect the data)
2. Review Articles, Book Chapters:
1.
SantaCruz KS, Kim RC, Young RR: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. In Joseph, AB and Young, RR (Eds.) Movement
Disorders in Neurology and Neuropsychiatry. (Chapter 35) Blackwell Scientific Publications, Boston, 1999; 228-233.
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2.
SantaCruz, KS, Swagerty, D: Early diagnosis of dementia, American Family Physician 63:703-13,717-8, 2001.
3.
SantaCruz K. Laboratory Diagnosis of Dementia. Lab Medicine, 37(6):362-365, 2006.
3. Papers Submitted:
5. Letters to the Editor: none.
6. Abstracts presented at National meetings (selected)
1. Mike Lee, Jeff Brace, Alex McKinney, Karen SantaCruz “Progressive visual loss in a Man with Leukemia”
presentation at the 2009 Walsh Meeting in Lake Tahoe, NV.
2. McClelland S III, Charnas LR, SantaCruz KS, Garner HP, Lam CH: Progressive Brainstem Compression In An
Infant with Neurocutaneous Melanosis and Dandy-Walker Complex Following Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt
Placement For Hydrocephalus. Abstract 527, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, 58th Annual Meeting, 2008.
3. Martin Ramsden, Linda Kotilinek, Jen Paulson, Aaron Guimaraes, Colleen Foster, Karen SantaCruz, Karen Hsiao
Ashe. Memory impairment in a novel mouse model of human tauopathy. Alzheimer’s Association Meeting.
Ireland, 2005.
4. Kim, RC, Evans, WJ, SantaCruz, KS, Itabashi, H, van den Noort, S and Choi, BH: Orthochromatic Leukodystrophy
with biopsy findings suggestive of “Schilder’s Disease”. Brain Pathol, 7: 1197, 1997.
5. Tasaki C, Johnson JK, SantaCruz KS, Kim R and Cotman CW. "Dementia with Lewy bodies: Significance of
extrapyramidal signs on neurologic examination". 1998. Soc for Neurosci abst, 24(2):1473, 1998.
6. DeCarli C, SantaCruz KS, Yazlovitskaya E, Collins J and Johnson J; Regional QR activity in Alzheimer’s disease.
Society for Neuroscience, Nov, 2001.
7. Marcario JK, Manaye KF, SantaCruz KS, Mouton PR, Berman NEJ and Cheney PD; Neuropathology in the
hippocampus of SIV-infected macaques. Society for Neuroscience, Nov, 2001.
8. Citron BA, Zoloty JE, Ameenuddin S, Suo Z, SantaCruz KS, Aronold PM and Festoff BW; Tissue transglutaminase
is upregulated after spinal cord injury which induces alternative processing. Society for Neuroscience, Nov, 2001.
9. SantaCruz KS, Arnold PM, Ameenuddin S, Citron BA, Qin F, and Festoff BW. Vasospasm after spinal cord injury
(SCI) in rat and localization of transglutaminase (Tgase). Neuroscience, Sept, 2001.
10. Totterdell S, Meredith GE, Petroske E, CallenS, Buzolich S, Santa Cruz K, Lau Y.-S., Alpha-synuclein inclusion
found in the chronic mptp/probenecid mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. Neuroscience, Sept, 2001.
11. Arnold PM, Ameenuddin S, Citron BA, SantaCruz KS, Qin F and Festoff BW. Systemic administration of
minocycline improves functional recovery and morphometric analysis after spinal cord injury (SCI). Neuroscience,
Sept, 2001.
12. Citron BA, SantaCruz KS, Qin F, Davies PJA, Peng F and Festoff BW: Altered tissue transglutaminase gene
expression in brains of elderly individuals and patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). New Biology of Aging, 1999.
13. Ameenuddin S, Malburg S, Landis M, SantaCruz K, Festoff B: Membrane lipid peroxidation (MLP) in the brains of
Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s disease patients: Potential effects of thrombin via PAR-1, a protease-activated
receptor. New Biology of Aging, 1999.
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14. Wang Y, SantaCruz K, DeCarli C, Johnson JA: NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) activity is upregulated
in hippocampal pyramidal neurons in Alzheimer’s disease patients. 1999.
TIMES CITED: 17
15. Haque MN, SantaCruz KS and Thomas PA: Overcoming cultural barriers in health care screening and prevention:
A multidisciplinary service learning program in a rural African-American community. AMWA, 1999.
16. SantaCruz KS, Pahwa R, Lyons K, Troster A, Handler M, Koller, DeCarli C: Lewy body, neurofibrillary tangle and
senile plaque pathology in Parkinson’s disease patients with and without dementia. American Academy of
Neurology, 1999.
TIMES CITED: 10
17. Kim RC, Choi BH, SantaCruz KS, Young RR and Gutierrez PA: Morphological evidence that spinal
leptomeningeal veins drain upward. American Paraplegia Society, 1997.
18. Stephan CL, Kepes JJ, SantaCruz K, et al. Surgical outcome as a function of histopathologic changes in patients with
intractable epilepsy without evidence of gross brain abnormality. JNEN 61(5): 469-469 Meeting Abstract: 108 Published: MAY
2002
Times Cited: 0
Presentations at National meetings (as presenting author):
19. Maryam Kherad Pezhouh1, Gang Chen1, Joyce Meints1, Laura S Hemmy1, Michael K Lee1, Karen SantaCruz1.
Locus Ceruleus neurofibrillary degeneration in patients with high Braak stage pathology but relative cognitive
preservation, American Association of Neuropathologists, Seattle July 2011 (poster presentation)
20. Karen S. SantaCruz, MD1, Heather L. Hoecker1, Mike Kuskowski, PhD1, Mark Desrosiers1, Suzanne L. Tyas,
PhD2, Plaque and tangle counts vs. stage-based categorizations of Alzheimer pathology: correlation with cognitive
performance and application to high-pathology controls in the Nun Study, International Conference on Alzheimer’s
Disease (ICAD), Hawaii July 2010 (poster presentation).
21. Karen SantaCruz, Laura Hemmy, Kelvin Lim, Suzanne L. Tyas, Clinicopathologic Correlations from the Nun
Study, International Conference on Alzheimer’s Disease (ICAD), Vienna July 2009 (Platform, powerpoint
presentation) .
22. Karen S. SantaCruz, Steven M. Wiesner, Stacy A. Decker, Colleen Forster, H. Brent Clark, John R. Ohlfest, PDGF
dictates the invasive and vascular proliferative phenotype of glioma-like tumors in a novel spontaneous mouse
model, American Association of Neuropathologists, July 2009 (Platform, powerpoint presentation).
23. Karen S. SantaCruz, Jada Lewis, Jennifer Paulson, Martin Ingelsson, Linda Kotilnek, Colleen Forster, Aaron
Guimaraes, Ami Mariash, Bradley Hyman, Mike Hutton, Karen Hsiao Ashe. Cognitive impairment in transgenic
mice with abnormal intraneuronal tau phosphorylation, but little silver positive neurofibrillary pathology. American
Association of Neuropathologists, July 2004 (Platform, powerpoint, presentation).
24. Karen S. SantaCruz, Jennifer Paulson, Jada Lewis, Ami Mariash, Colleen Forster, Aaron Guimaraes, Deirdre
Cooper-Blacketer, Mike Hutton, Karen Hsiao Ashe. Neurodegeneration in a transgenic mouse with regulatable
P301L tau overexpression. Soc for Neuroscience abstract, October 2003 (poster presentation).
25. SantaCruz KS, Tasaki CS, Johnson JK, Kim RC and Cotman CW; Substantia nigra pathology, a common finding
in patients presenting clinically with Alzheimer’s disease. J Neuropath and Exp Neurology, 59:461, 2000 (poster
presentation).
26. SantaCruz KS, Yazlovitskaya E, Collins J, Acharya AB, Haque M, Johnson J, Samson F, DeCarli C NADPH:
Quinone oxidoreductase is increased in hippocampal neurons and cortical astrocytes in Alzheimer’s disease. Free
Radical Biology and Medicine, 29, S1: S128, 2000 (poster presentation).
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7. Invited Presentations
AT THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO
1.
2.
Neurology Grand Rounds: “Neuropathology of dementing diseases”, Nov 30, 2012
Neuroinflammation and Inflammatory Basis of Disease (NIBD) Seminar: (Wed June 5th), The Nun Study
AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
1. Neurology Grand Rounds, “The Nun Study, Overview and Goals for the Future”, 4/09, CME credit given.
2. Schering-Plough, Oncology Division, Educational Meeting: 4/09 “Histological and Molecular Neuropathology of
Gliomas” no CME credit
3. Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Grand Rounds: 3/09 “The Nun Study: Overview and ClinicalNeuropathological Correlations” CME credit given.
4. Compleat Scholar program, University of Minnesota continuing education program, St. Paul campus: 4/08 “Brain
Function”, 6 hour course on neuroanatomical and functional imaging aspects of brain function, (non-medical
continuing education credit given).
5. Schering-Plough, Oncology Division, Educational Meeting: 5/07 “Neuropathology of Gliomas” no CME credit
6. Clinical Neuroscience Conference/Grand Rounds (Dept of Neurology): 2/07 "The Role of the Pathology Laboratory
in the Diagnosis of Dementia" CME credit.
7. Bell Symposium (for community pathologists): 11/07: The role of the Pathology Laboratory in the Diagnosis of
Dementia. CME credit.
8. Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Grand Rounds: 12/07 "Molecular Diagnostics in Neuropathology: Hype or
Hope" CME credit.
9. Schering-Plough, Oncology Division, Regional Meeting: 4/06 “Histologic Neuropathology of Gliomas” no CME
credit
10. Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC): 4/06 “Autopsy Diagnosis of Dementia:
Neuropathological Consensus Criteria” no CME credit
11. Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Grand Rounds: 10/06 "Neurofibrillary tangles in neurodegenerative disease:
Good, Bad or Ugly?" CME credit.
12. Clinical Neuroscience Conference (Dept of Neurology Grand Rounds): 7/05 "Molecular Diagnostics in
Neuropathology: Hype or Hope?" CME credit.
13. Bell Symposium (for community pathologists): 11/04 “Dementing diseases: Is autopsy confirmation necessary?
If so, how?” CME credit.
14. Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Grand Rounds: 10/04 "Progression of neurofibrillary tangle pathology in a
mouse model of human tauopathy" CME credit.
15. Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Grand Rounds: 3/03 "Alzheimer’s Disease: Views on Pathogenesis, The
BAPtists and the Tauists" CME credit.
OUTSIDE THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO
1. The Nun Study: Goals for the future, Nov. 10th 2011, Graduate Women in Science (GWIS) Chapter Xi (Twin
Cities) monthly meeting.
2. The Nun Study: Cognitive Reserve, Leica Symposium MN, Oct 5th, 2011, HT continuing education given
3. The Nun Study moves back to Minnesota, American Association of University Women, St Paul Chapter, Oct 11,
2011.
4. The Nun Study: What we have learned and goals for the future. Minneapolis Branch of the American Association
of University Women, April 4, 2011.
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5. The Nun Study: What we have learned, the move to Minnesota and new questions, Lakeville Community Center,
May 12, 2010.
6. The Nun Study: Interesting findings and goals for the future, St. Paul Jewish Community Center, May 18, 2009.
7. Tau suppression in a neurodegenerative mouse model improves memory function, Northwestern University.
January 29. CME credit given. (I was invited by the director of the Neuropathology Core of the Alzheimer’s
Disease Center to give this talk to their group of clinicians and researchers)
8. Autopsy for a Dementia Diagnosis: How is it done and why? Minnesota-North Dakota Alzheimer’s Association
(Regional meeting), January 21, 2009 (no CME credit) (I was invited by the Vice President of Programs to present
at their regional meeting.)
9. The Pathology of Alzheimer’s disease, KUMC Alzheimer’s Disease Center “Update on Alzheimer’s Disease for the
Primary Care Provider”. Saturday, June 3, 2000, 1 hour. CME credit given.
10. KU Medical Center Rural Eastern Kansas Area Health Education Center “Neuropathology of Neurodegenerative
Diseases”. April 9, 2002, 1 hour. CME credit given.
SECTION III: TEACHING
I spend approximately 20% of my time preparing and presenting material for formal courses for medical
students. Most of the time I spend on service is also used for teaching since I often sign out a neurosurgical
cases and brain autopsies with at least one medical student, pathology resident, neurology resident or
neurosurgical resident learning from the case.
In 2011 I created an in depth virtual tour of the Nun Study Neuropathology which involved creating an
educational description of brain neuroanatomy and microscopy. The site describes how the Nun Study brains
were examined by a neuropathologist, processed by a histotechnologist and eventually made ready for virtual
viewing using slide viewing technology.
Neurosurgery:
Neuro-oncology, last Friday of the month, 2-3 hours preparation, 1 hour conference
Neuropathology board review (Nov 1, 2013)
Neurology:
4 Lectures/year: CNS tumors, Neurodegenerative diseases, demyelinating disease and muscle/nerve biopsy.
Pathology:
Neuropath unknowns 4-5x/year (1 hour)
Braincutting, 1-2 Wednesdays/month (1-2 hours)
Brain micro sign-out 1-2 Thursdays/month (1-2 hours)
Medical student lectures:
Neurodegenerative diseases (1 hour plus preparation)
Vascular disease (1 hour plus preparation)
Trauma (1 hour plus preparation)
Pituitary (1/2 hour plus preparation)
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Additional teaching (one time):
CNM, Psy 2240, Braincutting session (2 hours)
Katherine Demitrakis
Professor (2009 – 2011)
Central New Mexico Community College (CNM)
Psychology
Professional Societies:
American Association of Neuropathologists (member 1991-present).
Awards Committee: (2000,2001)
Society for Neuroscience (member 2000-2003)
Oxygen (Free Radical) Society (member 2000-2003)
Editorial Review Boards:
American Family Physician (2000-2005)
Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease (2000-2002)
Ad hoc reviewer:
Free Radical Biology and Medicine
Brain Pathology
Book Reviews
Duckett, S, De La Torre, JC, editors: Pathology of the Aging Human Nervous System. Second Edition, Mod
Pathol 2001 14:790.
Fuller GN, Goodman JC: Practical Review of Neuropathology, Mod Pathol 2001 14: 1042.
I reviewed the material for a web publication written by Judi Ketteler on the warning signs of dementia:
http://body.aol.com/healthy-living/memory/dementia-warning-signs (Aug 2007).
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