SEED SYSTEM SECURITY ASSESSMENT SOUTHERN M AL AWI October 2011 ii iii Acronymns iv Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................. vi I. Introduction .............................................................................................. 1 II. Background to Seed System Security Assessment .............................. 3 III. Seed Systems in Southern Malawi: Brief overview .............................. 9 Salient points: Formal and Informal Seed Systems………………………..28 IV. Field Findings: across Sites .................................................................. 35 Summary: Acute Seed Security Finding………………………………….....50 Summary: Chronic Seed Security Findings +Emerging Opportunities....63 V. Overall Recommendations: across sites ............................................. 66 Seed Security: Immediate Responses Needed Seed Security: Medium-term Responses Needed VI. References ............................................................................................ 722 VII. Annex: Action plans by site ............................................................... 744 . v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY • • • vi I. ACUTE SEED SECURITY FINDINGS 1 At the time, the official exchange rate was approximately 160 MWK to 1 US$ vii II. CHRONIC SEED SECURITY ISSUES AND EMERGING OPPORTUNITIES viii Mixed (qualified) factors: positive and negative Negative and ongoing stresses ix RECOMMENDATIONS General Overview x Seed security: immediate responses needed Seed security: medium-term responses needed xi xii xiii I. INTRODUCTION Rationale for Report • • • • 1 Aims and Structure of Report 2 II. BACKGROUND TO SEED SYSTEM SECURITY ASSESSMENT The Concept of Seed Security • • 2 This section draws on Sperling et al., 2008. 3 4 Seed System Security Assessment ). 5 • • • • • • • • • • • • • Household sample 6 7 8 III. SEED SYSTEMS IN SOUTHERN MALAWI: BRIEF OVERVIEW 9 Commer . Govnt . Relief Farmer Exch. Market SEED Planting Own Stocks Cultivation OTHER LOCAL SYSTEMS Harvesting Storage Consumption Genebanks Breeders Seed production 10 11 Formal Breeding for Southern Malawi • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 12 • • • • • • • • • 13 • • • • • • 14 15 • • Overview for Formal Seed and Fertilizer Systems in Malawi 16 17 Certified seed 18 Agro-dealers 19 Farm Input Supply Program (FISP) 20 21 * Source: Kabambe and Mhango – Consultants’ Report, September 2011 22 • • • • 23 Informal Seed Systems in Southern Malawi : Distinguishing seed from grain 24 • • • • • 25 Distinguishing among traders : general structure of seed/grain markets 26 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Potential seed and price 27 Figure 3.4. Trends in crop and seed prices in local seed/grain markets through the season, showing seed price peaks at sowing time and grain price peaks before harvest. Seed price differential takes into account variety quality (for the most sought-after varieties), plus sometimes additional seed quality features (i.e. a price premium for well-sorted stocks). Salient points : Formal and informal seed systems in Southern Malawi Plant Breeding 3 28 Formal Seed Sector. Informal Seed Sector 29 30 31 32 33 34 IV. FIELD FINDINGS: ACROSS SITES Acute Seed Security Findings, 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 4 35 6 36 • 37 38 39 40 41 42 Potential problem areas 43 The real seed security issue: Money 44 45 Spurring production 46 Agro-dealer and formal seed supply 2011-2012 Agro-dealer: problem areas 47 Local seed/grain market-supply 2011-2012 Market seed availability 7 Note that the SSSA did not conduct an analysis of formal sector seed or other input prices. 48 Market seed quality Market seed access/price 9 Post SSSA follow-up showed that potential seed stocks poured into markets mid—to late October. 49 50 10 51 52 CHRONIC SEED SYSTEM CONCERNS AND OPPORTUNITIES EMERGING 1 Local market 2 Casual Labor/ Ganyu Agro dealer Maize 4 Govern ment FISP 3 NGO 5 Own stocks 53 1 2 54 55 11 The SSSA team did visit One Village One Product (OVOP) offices in Zomba. This GoM program under the Ministry of Trade and Industry is working on value-addition initiatives. In the SSSA districts, the OPOV work included The Likangala Rice Processing Cooperative and the Bwaila Meat and Milk Producers and Marketing Cooperatives. However, the SSSA was unable to visit either of these. 56 57 58 Manure/Compost Use 59 Mineral Fertilizer use 60 Storage Chemical Use – 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 seasons 61 62 aid • • • • 63 Mixed (qualified) factors: positive and negative Negative and ongoing stresses 64 65 V. OVERALL RECOMMENDATIONS: ACROSS SITES General Overview Seed security: immediate responses needed 66 Seed security: medium-term responses needed 67 68 69 Annex 1: Technical Issues related to Recommendations 70 71 VI. REFERENCES 72 73 VII. ANNEX: ACTION PLANS • • • 74 Seed System Security Assessment (SSSA) Action Plan Zomba- Mlumbe -2011: PROBLEM SHORT TERM MEDIUM to LONGER –TERM RESPONSE RESPONSE 1-3 seasons • • • • • • • • • • • • • o o o o o o 75 • • • • • • 76 • o o o o • o o • • • • • 77 • • • • • 78 79 80
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