Stephen O. Andersen Stratospheric Leadership University of Vermont Leadership Roundtable 1 April 2014 Andersen Leadership Success #1: ProtecBng Ozone and Climate •  The stratospheric ozone layer protects life on Earth against dangerous ultraviolet radiaBon •  Ultraviolet radiaBon causes skin cancer, cataracts, suppresses the human immune system, and damages agricultural and natural ecosystems •  In 1974 scienBsts warned that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) used as refrigerants, aerosol propellants, solvents and in other applicaBons would destroy the ozone layer •  Stephen Andersen was instrumental in designing, agreeing, and managing the 1987 Montreal Protocol that has phased out 98% of 100 ozone-­‐depleBng chemicals worldwide •  ProtecBng the ozone layer protected Climate! NASA AntarcBc Ozone Hole Graphic The Montreal Protocol Phaseout Of ProducBon Of Ozone-­‐DepleBng Substances (ODSs) The Montreal Protocol has slowed and reversed the accumulaBon of ozone depleBng substances (ODSs) in the stratosphere as measured by effecBve stratospheric chlorine amounts. S. Montzka, NOAA/ESRL, 2006 4 The Montreal Protocol will have reduced net GWP-­‐weighted emissions from ODSs in 2010 by 5-­‐6 Bmes the reducBon target of the first commitment period (2008-­‐2012) of the Kyoto Protocol. The Montreal Protocol will have reduced net GWP-­‐weighted emissions from ODSs in 2010 by about 11 Gt CO2-­‐eq yr-­‐1. Guus G.M. Velders, Stephen O Andersen, John S. Daniel, David W. Fahey, & Mack McFarland, PNAS, 2007 6 Canan, Penelope and Nancy Reichman, 2002. OZONE CONNECTIONS: EXPERT NETWORKS IN GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE, Greenleaf Publishing, Sheffield, UK.