Unit 11 – Terms and Concepts
Chapters 22-23
Irish/BHS
Spring, 2013
Chapter 22-The Progressive Era, 1900-1920
Chapter 23-From Roosevelt to Wilson, 1900-1916
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Lincoln Steffens (The Shame of the Cities)
Ida Tarbell (History of the Standard Oil Company)
“muckrakers”
progressivism
use of terms new and mass
mass production (positives and negatives)
impact of the automobile
Henry Ford
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assembly-line system
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Model T (aka “Tin Lizzie”)
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The five-dollar day (pg. 657)
Federal Aid Roads Act of 1916
Trusts and the progressive debate over growth of the trusts
Industrial capitalists vs. finance capitalists (pg. 643)
Industrial research laboratories
“scientific” labor management and its effects of workers
Frederick Winslow Taylor (The Principles of Scientific
Management)
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire and its impact
Rural and farm life (1900-1920)
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Advantages: Higher prices, increased standard of
living, technology, better roads, and mail delivery
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Disadvantages: Higher land prices, tenancy (esp. in
the South),
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Western irrigation projects – federal Newlands Act of
1902 and the U.S. Reclamation Service
Women as part of the workforce (1900-1920)
Child Labor (1900-1920)
Women’s Trade Union League
Sheppard-Towner Maternity and Infancy Protection Act (1921)
Margaret Sanger – social reformer and birth control advocate
W.E.B. Du Bois vs. Booker T. Washington
Niagara Movement, NAACP, and the National Urban League
Immigration (1900-1920)
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“new” vs. “old” immigration
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“Americanization” programs
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Mexican immigrants
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Chinese and Japanese immigrants
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Ellis Island v. Angel Island
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nativism
labor unrest and increased union membership/activity
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Samuel Gompers (AF of L)
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WTUL
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Hart, Schaffner agreement
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Industrial Workers of the World (IWW / Wobblies) led
by William “Big Bill” Haywood and “Mother” Jones
mass production, advertising, and mass consumption
demographic changes and development of urban areas
pastimes and popular forms of entertainment (sports, movies,
Vaudeville, music, literature, dance, and art)
Realism – the Ashcan School (example: George Bellows)
Modernist Art – the New York Armory
new poetry
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Progressivism (defined and characterized) pg. 668-669
rise of professions and the new middle class (impact on the
Progressive Era) – “professionalization of reform”
origins of the Progressive Era (pg. 670-671)
social-justice movement and reformers
Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) and the AntiSaloon League
Eighteenth Amendment (1919) – Prohibition
Mann Act (1910)
role of women in the social-justice movement
Women’s Suffrage
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Carrie Chapman Catt (National American Women
Suffrage Association)
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Alice Paul and Lucy Burns (Congressional Union)
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Nineteenth Amendment (1920)
reforms and setbacks in women’s and child labor and worker’s
rights:
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state laws
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Lochner v. New York (1905)
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Muller v. Oregon (1908)
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Keating-Owen Act (1916)
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Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918)
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Second Child Labor Act (1919)
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Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Company (1922)
William James and the doctrine of pragmatism (Pragmatism)
John Dewey pragmatic education (School and Society and
Democracy and Education)
Growing popularity of Socialism (1900-1920)
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Eugene V. Debs
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Socialist Party of America
Progressive belief = government as agent for change & reform
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Growth of government (local, state, and federal)
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Increased government involvement (bureaucracy)
Decline of voter turnout (1900-1920)
Municipal reforms (local/city)
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Galveston, TX and Staunton, VA (city commission and
city manager systems)
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Mayoral reforms to cut down on corruption and
special privilege
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Municipal control of public utilities
State reforms
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More regulatory and protective laws passed
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“democratizing” government (pg. 678-679)
i. Direct primary (used first in Wisconsin)
ii. Secret Ballot (aka the Australian Ballot)
iii. Initiative
iv. Referendum
v. Recall
vi. Seventeenth Amendment (1913) – Direct
election of U.S. Senators
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Robert M. La Follette (“Fighting Bob”) – most famous
reform governor from Wisconsin
i. “Wisconsin Idea”
ii. Wisconsin = “the laboratory of democracy”
iii. Use of the state university system
Theodore Roosevelt
Roosevelt’s “Square Deal” – the “three C’s” (control of
corporations, conservation of environment, consumer
protection)
Roosevelt’s use of the “bully pulpit”
Roosevelt’s view on trusts (“good” vs. “bad” trusts)
Unit 11 – Terms and Concepts
Chapters 22-23
Irish/BHS
Spring, 2013
Chapter 23 – Continued …
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Trust Busting – Roosevelt’s record v. William Howard Taft’s
Roosevelt’s arbitration of the anthracite coal strike (pg. 681)
Election of 1904 – Theodore Roosevelt (Republican)
Elkins Act of 1903
Hepburn Act of 1906
Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle
Meat Inspection Act of 1906
Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
Roosevelt’s conservation policy (Multi-Use Resource
Management)
Gifford Pinchot
Panic of 1907
Election of 1908 – William Howard Taft (Republican)
Republican Party split – conservatives vs. progressives
Payne-Aldrich Act of 1909
Ballinger-Pinchot controversy (causes and effects)
Mann-Elkins Act of 1910
Sixteenth Amendment – federal, graduated income tax (1913)
Seventeenth Amendment – direct election of U.S. senators
(1913)
Taft’s antitrust campaign
“rule of reason” (pg. 687)
Election of 1912
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Taft – Republican
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Woodrow Wilson – Democrat
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Theodore Roosevelt – Progressive “Bull Moose” Party
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Eugene V. Debs – Socialist Party
Roosevelt’s “New Nationalism” vs. Wilson’s “New Freedom”
Woodrow Wilson
Wilson’s attack on the “Triple Wall of Privilege”
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Tariffs – Underwood Tariff Act of 1913
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Trusts – Clayton Anti-Trust Act of 1914
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Banks – Federal Reserve Act of 1913
Wilson’s views on Women’s suffrage and segregation (pg. 691)
Keating-Owen Act of 1916 – restricting child labor (struck down
by the Supreme Court)
Election of 1916 – Wilson re-elected (Democrat) “peace and
progressivism” – he promised to keep the U.S. out of the war in
Europe.
Impact and limitations of Progressivism? (pg. 695)