Thermal Power Plant
PAT Scheme at a glance including available institutional mechanism for implementation of measures for achieving
PAT targets and current status of its implementation in Thermal Power stations
2015
Perform Achieve and Trade (PAT) Scheme
S Vikash Ranjan
Technical Expert
GIZ/BEE
Perform Achieve Trade
2015
Major initiative for energy and emission (TPP)
► Mandatory SEC reduction target by PAT scheme (2012-15)
144 number of large power plants consuming 104.56 million toe in 2010
Total energy savings target of 3.1 million toe per annum
–
–
► Technical standards defined by CEA
–
–
–
–
–
Norms for maximum continuous rating under worst fuel quality stipulated for the unit (2010 latest)
Norms for minimum Boiler efficiency (2010 latest)
Norms for minimum Gross turbine cycle heat rate for sub-critical and supercritical (2010 latest)
Norms for minimum generator efficiency at Rated load (2010 latest)
Guidelines and recommendation to ministry to push supercritical technology (12th plan)
• 38% of the coal based plants with supercritical technology in 12th plan
• 100% of the coal plants using supercritical technology from 13th plan onwards;
• Coal linkages only for supercritical plants from 13th plan onwards
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Topics
❶ PAT Scheme
❷ Institutional Mechanism
❸ Current Status
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PAT Scheme
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PAT Overview and Elements
Energy
Conservation
Act enacted
2001
National Action
Plan on Climate
Change released
Sector studies
Commenced to
identify DCs
2008
National Mission for
Enhanced Energy
Efficiency (NMEEE)
Approved by
Ministry of Power
Baseline data
collection begins
2010
2009
Nation wide Consultation
Workshops organised;
consultation
continues through 2012
Financial outlay of over
US$20 million approved
NMEEE approved by
Prime Minister's Council
on Climate Change
Base line Studies completed,
Draft PAT Rules prepared
and feed back sought on draft targets
2011
Energy Conservation Act
amended to make provisions for
issue of energy saving
certificates, imposition of penalty
for non compliance and trading
Of ESCerts
HIGHLIGHTS
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
Covers 478 Designated Consumer (DCs) in 8 energy intensive
industry and Gate to Gate boundary concept adopted.
Energy consumption of these plants was about 1/3rd of the total
energy consumed in India in the baseline year (2009-10).
Large variations in energy intensities of different units in almost
every sector
Key Goal :Mandate Specific Energy Consumption improvement
Energy Intensity reduction target for each unit based on its current
efficiency in base line (2009-10)
Multi- cycle process –First PAT cycle till 2014-15
Design based on extensive consultations over 2010-12
2012
Assessment year of
First PAT Cycle
20142015
Perform, Achieve and Trade
(PAT) scheme came into effect;
first compliance period begins
(2012-2015)
DCs
Aluminium
Cement,
Chlor-alkali,
Fertilizer,
Iron & Steel,
Paper & Pulp,
Textile and
Thermal Power
Stations
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National Target of Energy Saving among all Sectors
SNo
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Sector
Power
(Thermal)
Iron & Steel
Cement
Aluminium
Fertilizer
Paper & Pulp
Textile
Chlor- Alkali
Total
Apportioned
Annual
Energy
No. of
Energy
Share
Reduction
Identified Consumpti Consumpti
For PAT
DCs on (Million on (%)
Cycle-1
toe)
(Million toe)
144
104.56
63.38%
3.211
67
85
10
29
31
90
22
478
25.32
15.01
7.71
8.20
2.09
1.20
0.88
164.97
15.35%
9.10%
4.67%
4.97%
1.27%
0.73%
0.53%
100.00%
1.486
0.815
0.456
0.478
0.119
0.066
0.054
6.686
Total EE Projects planned in 2012-15:
Total anticipated investment
:
Sectoral Share in Energy Saving Target (%)
(2012-15)
Reduction in India's CO2 emissions by
24 million tons / year in 2014-15.
2057
Rs. 27300 Crore
The direct benefit for the participating industries in this period is reductions in
input costs related to energy of approximately Rs. 6800 Crore.
Indian Power Scenario- Baseline year
2009-10: Baseline year
Type
Central
(MW)
State
(MW)
Private
(MW)
Total
(MW)
Hydro
8565.4
27065
1233
36863
Thermal
37867
49626
14961
102454
Nuclear
4560
0
12820
17380
RES
50992
76691
29014
156697
Total Installed capacity of Thermal Power
Plant in India 102454 MW
Inclusion of 90994 MW Thermal Power
Plant Capacity under PAT
89% of total Thermal Power Plant
Capacity included under PAT
Sources: CEA.
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Thermal Power Plant - PAT Cycle I
Total No of DCs -144
Threshold Limit:
Thermal Power Plants
[DC :144 Nos]
– 30,000 tons of oil equivalent
(TOE) per annum
Total Target Set
– 3.1 MTOE
Coal/Lignite
[97]
Gas [40]
Diesel
[7]
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Methodology for Energy Benchmarking in TPPs
Net Design Heat Rate
Net Operating Heat Rate
= Gross Design Heat Rate
1- APC% operative
= Gross Operating Heat Rate
1- APC% operative
Heat Rate Deviation (%)
= (Operating Heat Rate – Design Heat Rate) x 100
Design Heat Rate
Heat Rate Deviation
= (Operating Heat Rate – Design Heat Rate)
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Net Heat Rate Target
Ex-NHR Calculation
Parameter
% Reduction Target for deviation in NHR
Unit
Plant-1
Plant-2
Gross Heat
Rate (GHR)
kcal/kwh
2500
2500
Up to 5 %
10 %
Auxiliary
Power
Consumption
(APC)
%
8%
10%
More than 5% and Up
to 10 %
17 %
More than 10% and Up
to 20%
21 %
More Than 20 %
24 %
NHR = GHR / (1- APC%)
Net Heat
Rate (NHR)
kcal/kwh
2717
(= 2500/0.92)
2777
(=2500/0.90)
Deviation in Net
Station Heat Rate from
Design Net Heat Rate
Reduction Target for
Deviation in Net
Station Heat Rate (%)
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Ex-Target Setting
Baseline Parameter and target calculation for Plant A and Plant B at different % deviation
S. No. Parameters
Unit
Plant A
Calculation
Plant B
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Installed Capacity
Annual Gross Gen.
Annual Net Gen.
Annual PLF
Annual Average Operating Heat Rate
Average APC
Station Design Heat Rate
Turbine Design Heat Rate
Boiler Efficiency
Net Operating Heat Rate
MW
MU
MU
%
kcal/kWh
%
kcal/kWh
Kcal/kWh
%
kcal/kWh
1470
11008
10052
85.5
2636
8.68
2343.7
2045
87.25
2887
11
Net Design Heat Rate
kcal/kWh
2566
12
13
Deviation from Design Net Heat Rate
% Deviation
kcal/kWh
%
320
12.48
=2636/(1-0.0868)
=2343.7/(10.0868)
=2887-2566
=320/2566
14
Target Reduction @% Deviation
(kcal/kWh)
67 @21% deviation
=320x0.21
40
15
16
Target Net Heat Rate
Reduction Target in TOE
kcal/kWh
toe
2820
67637
=2887-67
=67x1005/10
2763
40200
=2045/0.8725
1470
11008
10052
85.5
2560
8.68
2343.7
2045
87.25
2803
2566
237
9.23
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Energy Benchmarking
•
•
The average operating net heat rate of the country
stands at 2860 kcal/kWh with a bandwidth of 2422
to 4585 kcal/kwh
Only 33% of power plants in the country are
operating at net heat rates below 2750 kcal/kWh
[derived from CERC norm of 2500 kcal/kwh as gross heat rate
and average APC of 9 % which gives an equivalent station net
heat rate of 2750 kcal/kWh]
•
•
•
6-15% improvement potential is envisaged in about
50% of the plants having net HR bandwidth of 2750
– 3900 kcal/kWh
Deviation of (operating NHR from Design NHR) 5-35%
observed in about 60% of the plants
Stakeholder interaction revealed that interventions
with moderate investments may result in
improvement of ONHR of such category plants which
may be harnessed through detailed energy audits,
monitoring of critical equipments, adoption of
proven technologies and improved O&M practices.
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Energy Benchmarking
•
•
The bandwidth of operating APC of Indian TPPs covered
under PAT scheme ranges from 5.5 to 15 % with an
average of 8.52 %
APC of 5.5% to 8% (20 plants), 8-12% (54 plants)
 PAT Scheme is targeting 90-110 kCal/kWh
reduction in GHR and 1% in APC by 2015
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Institutional Mechanism
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Institutional Framework
Transparency, flexibility and Industry engagement in program design help ensure effective industrial energy
efficiency policy
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PAT-Related Activities
Designated Consumer required to
► Designate or appoint energy manager in charge of activities for efficient use of energy and
its conservation
► Prepare and Maintain Quarterly Data Reports, Yearly Data Reports and EOC Report
► On the performance of plant and production process
► Outcome of Internal Field Audit
► Measures to reduce energy consumption and improve energy efficiency
► Measures taken to improve the efficiency of the production processes during each year
State Designated Agency
► Check-Verification and Inspection
► Penalties and Adjudication
Bureau of Energy Efficiency
► Accreditation of Certified Energy Auditor for Energy Auditing
► Issuance of ESCerts
Accredited Energy Auditor
► Carry out Mandatory Energy Audit and submit action on Recommendations
► Monitoring and Verification of each Designated Consumer
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Current Status
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Performance of DCs during 2013-14 (Unverified data)
Performance of DCs of TPPs during 2013-14
(Based on Form-I submitted by DCs)
The data is based on the
Form –I submitted by DCs
89
90
► Does not include Normalisation
Factor
► Based on Un-verified data
80
Nos of Thermal Power Plant
70
60
50
39
40
35
33
26
30
21
20
5
10
0
TPP Nos
9
4
4
Achieved
0
Better Performance
1
Performnace Deteriorated
Status
Coal
Gas
Diesel
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Performance of DCs in the year 2013-14 (Unverified data)
Average PLF of DCs in TPPs for Baseline year & 2013-14 (As reported
in Form I by DCs)
90.00
80.00
81.79
76.71
64.70
60.00
% PLF
► Non-Availability of Fuel
► Schedule un-availability
72.56
70.00
Major Reason for Low PLF
51.83
50.00
41.13
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00
Coal
Gas
Diesel
Type of TPPs
Av PLF (BY 2009-10)
Av PLF 2013-14
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Performance of DCs in the year 2013-14 (Unverified data)
Net Heat Heat Compariosn Baseline Year Vs 2013-14 (Coal Based Power Plant
6000
Net Heat Rate kcal/kWh
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79 81 83 85 87
TPP
Baseline Year
2013-14
2015
BackupSVRdata
M&V Activities
BEE
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◙
Baseline data entry in sector
specific pro-forma for
Production and Energy as
per Baseline Report for
individual DCs
Locked-in Pro-forma to be
sent to DCs for data entry in
assessment year and left out
data in the baseline years
Preparation of Document
► Normalisation Document
► M&V Protocol
Designated Consumer
Empanelled AEA [EmAEA]
◙
◙
◙
◙
◙
◙
OUTPUT
Sector Specific Pro-forma
Normalisation Document
M&V Protocol
Data entry in Pro-forma for
Assessment year and Baseline
years as per instruction sheet
Source of Data from Primary
and secondary source to be
kept ready for verification as
per guidelines
Performance Assessment Form
(Form A)
Selection and hiring of
Empaneled AEA as per
guidelines of PAT Rules
Submission of Form A and
Form B along with Form I to
SDA and BEE
OUTPUT
Filled-in Pro-forma
Filled-in Form A,B
Source of Data as Document
◙
◙
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Team Building by Empanelled
AEA including experts
Documents to carry
►
►
►
►
Baseline report
Sector specific Pro-forma
Normalisation Document
M&V Protocol
Work distribution among Team
members at site
Cross verification of Baseline data
in the Pro-forma from the baseline
report
Review of Pro-forma data and its
source
Review of application of formulae
and calculation
Preparation of verification report
Form B signing
OUTPUT
Verified Pro-forma
EmAEA Signed Form B
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Documents for M&V
BEE
BEE
BEE
BEE
AEA
SDA
► Sector Specific Pro-forma
► Normalisation Formulae Document
► Normalisation Document
► Monitoring and Verification (M&V) Guidelines
► Reporting Format for M&V (Verification Report)
► Check List
Form I
Normalisation
Document
M&V Protocol
Check List
M&V Report
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Normalization Factors- Broad Categorization in Thermal Power Plant
• Loading Factor
– Scheduling and Backing down
– Reserve shutdown
– Coal or Gas unavailability
•
•
•
•
Coal Quality
APC% linked with Loading factor
APC% linked with Coal Quality
Capacity Utilisation
– Start up /Shut down
(Energy consumed during
shutdown/restart will not be considered in assessment
year (Difference from the baseline w.r.t. external factor)
• Environmental Concern (Additional
Environmental Equipment requirement
due to major change in government
policy on Environment)
• Construction Phase or Project
Activities
• Addition of New Line/Unit
• Unforeseen Circumstances beyond
the Plant’s control
• Gas Open/Closed Cycle
• Gas Fuel Mix
• Gas NCV
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Thank you